1922:
548:
57:
85:
115:
466:. Unlike the early migrants, they had the resources necessary to develop and cultivate the farmland; they came with the horse teams, plows, other farm equipment, and money that the early settlers did not have. John W. Niles, a leader in the charity movement, replaced Smith as the president of the town company. Under Niles' leadership, a decision was made to stop seeking charity in order to encourage the ideas of industry and self-sufficiency. Additionally, the town did not want to become a destination of the
455:
503:
contributed to declining population. In 1884, less than 50 people remained in the town. Another challenge
Nicodemus faced was a legal battle over the ownership of its land. Henry Miller, a local land speculator, discovered that errors in the filing record meant that the town had not received final ownership of the land. Miller's suit threatened the claims of the residents, but ultimately the case was dropped and the town received its official title on June 6, 1886.
1023:
45:
572:
water tower, and the pavement of the major town streets. These efforts succeeded in preserving
Nicodemus and rebuilding its popularity. The town developed a new identity as a retirement destination for former residents. The Emancipation celebration, renamed Homecoming, changed to become a gathering of old residents to celebrate their roots and common history and continues to be celebrated annually.
122:
92:
428:
Smith and Hill made efforts to promote the town and attract new settlers. Publications describing the resources and benefits of moving to the area were mailed to prospective migrants across the South. Early promotional efforts were directed towards attracting people with enough money to develop the
967:
is a major tourist attraction in
Nicodemus. The Visitor Center includes a bookstore and exhibits of the town's history. Walking and guided tours are available which showcase the historic buildings and features of the town. The Nicodemus Historical Society and Museum operated by descendants offer
436:
In 1878, John Wayne Niles served as the second president of the colony. The early settlers found life in
Nicodemus to be challenging. Some people turned around after seeing the scarcity of resources by mid-1878. Most were very poor farmers who came without money and other provisions. Without proper
579:. As of 2018, its First Baptist Church, African Methodist Episcopal Church, and other historic buildings were in such poor shape that they could not be opened to the public. The AME Church was successfully renovated and opened to visitors in 2021. At that point, Nicodemus was down to 23 residents.
567:
and Graham County Farm Bureau. Because of the
Depression, many families lost their land and subsequently became tenant farmers. Additionally, the rough conditions of the Depression forced many farmers to change their farming methods, leading many to select more hardy and drought-resistant crops.
950:
Of the 5 households, 0.0% had children under the age of 18; 0.0% were married couples living together; 0.0% had a female householder with no spouse or partner present. 100.0% of households consisted of individuals and 20.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The percent of
571:
Starting in the 1970s
Nicodemus underwent a process of revitalization and restoration. Donations from former residents led to efforts to repair damage to the deteriorating town buildings. New improvements were made to the town including low-income housing units, construction of a 100-foot tall
416:
On April 18, 1877, a group of seven
Kansans, six of whom were black, established the Nicodemus Town Company. African American W. H. Smith and W. R. Hill, an experienced white land speculator, served as the town's first president and treasurer, respectively. Most of the group consisted of former
954:
7.1% of the population was under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 7.1% from 25 to 44, 42.9% from 45 to 64, and 35.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 59.5 years. For every 100 females, there were 75.0 males. For every 100 females ages 18 and older, there were 85.7 males.
502:
After the growth of 1879–80, Nicodemus experienced a period of decline after 1880. Most people who settled in the town did not intend to remain there permanently and subsequently moved on. Not enough of the $ 75 commercial lots were sold to keep the town growing. Years of poor harvests also
387:
provided settlement opportunities for people of modest means. A person could claim a 160-acre plot provided they lived on and develop the land for a 5-year period, after which it could be purchased. In addition, the expansion of the railroad network across the Great Plains increased both the
514:
were central to the new campaign. The papers sought to broaden the appeal of
Nicodemus by reaching out to other populations, both black and white. Descriptions of the towns numerous social clubs, activities, celebrations, and business opportunities were spread in the hope of attracting new
544:, and the Priscilla Art Club continued to host dances, celebrations, and other events. The annual emancipation celebration continued to be a focal point of town life. In the 1920s, thousands attended the event which consisted of horse races, boxing matches, parades, and baseball games.
437:
tools and equipment, such as plows, wagons, and horses, farmers could not efficiently develop the rough land; some resorted to using hand tools to make improvised fields. A lack of timber forced settlers to build homes out of prairie sod. To earn money some people collected and sold
382:
The settlement of
Nicodemus was part of a greater movement of westward migration that occurred in the latter half of the 19th century. Several technological and cultural factors contributed to the growing trend of movement, enabling and encouraging new groups to move west. The
607:
Nicodemus's location on the Great Plains entails a four-season climate. Summer is typically long and hot, during which thunderstorms are a common occurrence. Spring and fall are usually brief, while winter is cold. The average annual precipitation is about 22 inches.
535:
The failed attempt to attract the railroad marked the end of growth for
Nicodemus and most of the businesses in town relocated elsewhere. Despite the loss of business, the town remained a social center for the local community. Organizations such as the
403:
encouraged African Americans to move to Kansas. Nicodemus would become a destination for these new migrants. Railroads and steamboats offered cheap passage for these early settlers. Eager to escape the persecution and poor living conditions of
417:
slaves from Kentucky in search of a new livelihood. The goal was to establish the first all-black settlement on the Great Plains. Two theories explain the choice of the name Nicodemus, one claiming the town was named after the biblical figure
890:
counted 14 people, 5 households, and 0 families in Nicodemus. The population density was 15.9 per square mile (6.1/km). There were 32 housing units at an average density of 36.4 per square mile (14.0/km). The racial makeup was 14.29% (2)
1799:
473:
Soon the town began to grow and businesses became profitable; a hotel and two stores were established and a school and three churches were built. Social organizations such as the Grand Independent Benevolent Society of Kansans and
421:, the other holding that the town's name was inspired by the legendary account of an African prince taken into slavery who later purchased his freedom. The location of the town, chosen by Hill, was along the northern bank of the
515:
migrants. The town undertook a major effort to bring a railroad route through Nicodemus, passing a vote to sell $ 16,000 of bonds to finance the projects. Ultimately, none of the three prospective railroad companies (the
429:
town. Residential lots cost $ 5 while commercial lots were $ 75. The promoters charged additional fees for establishing the settlers on the land. Efforts succeeded in bringing groups of colonists from Eastern Kansas and
968:
personal and group history and educational tours to cemeteries, homesteads, and school sites out in the historic township. There is also a roadside park located in the town which includes a playground and a picnic area.
1337:
441:
bones found on the plains; others ventured miles away to work for the railroads. In response to the hardships, townsfolk reached out to other communities, private charities, and even the Native American
2180:
2185:
568:
The declining population led to the closure of the post office in 1953 and the school around 1960. Because of a lack of attendance, the social organizations also closed down.
2155:
391:
Kansas also had an appeal to African Americans living in the post-Civil War South. Kansas represented a land of freedom and opportunity due to the actions of
147:
69:
1850:
470:, a migration of thousands of poor black farmers into Kansas. They feared that a mass influx of poor farmers would be harmful to the community.
2160:
1665:
998:(1842–?), early settler of Nicodemus and the founder of the all-Black Indemnity Party he advocated for slavery reparations in the early 1880s.
2170:
425:, an area suitable for developing farming. The town itself was located on a 160-acre plot, of the 19,200 acres of the township, at large.
2165:
2062:
1115:
2112:
2097:
2087:
2077:
1591:
2052:
1095:
563:
each had a serious impact on Nicodemus; the population of the town fell to as low as 40 people. The town did receive aid from the
2107:
2102:
2082:
302:
1410:
809:
2175:
2092:
2067:
2057:
1566:
1541:
1052:
2072:
524:
1010:(1867-1971), historian and author of unpublished manuscript focusing on the history of Black and Native peoples in Nicodemus
1818:
369:, is in town. During the last weekend of July, former residents and their descendants return for celebrations and parades.
114:
1843:
1828:
1086:
312:
61:
1688:
Craig, Lula S. "A History of Nicodemus: Graham County, Kansas." Kenneth Spencer Research Library, University of Kansas.
1292:
1204:
1179:
56:
1445:
1363:
1649:
1320:
1141:
396:
1036:
964:
354:
1787:
1496:
1091:
400:
84:
478:
put on dances and other celebrations for the benefit of the town. One such event was the annual celebration of
1836:
924:
904:
1782:
1682:
1470:
1166:
Going home to Nicodemus : the story of an African American frontier town and the pioneers who settled it
1081:
912:
290:
1822:
932:
588:
1705:
Hamilton, Kenneth Marvin. "The Origins and Early Promotion of Nicodemus: A Pre-Exodus, All-Black Town."
1727:
Going home to Nicodemus: The story of an African American frontier town and the pioneers who settled it
1715:. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region, n.d.
576:
203:
1251:
887:
863:
516:
392:
343:
179:
44:
1933:
1227:. April 21, 1887. p. 10 – via "U.S., African American Newspapers, 1829-1947" database.
346:, the population was 14. The community was founded in 1877 and is named for the Biblical figure
327:
35:
1285:
Black towns and profit : promotion and development in the trans-Appalachian West, 1877–1915
878:
506:
Beginning in 1886 the town began another campaign of promotion. The town's two newspapers: the
408:, thousands left the South and headed west seeking economic opportunity and a sense of freedom.
940:
520:
1527:
2125:
1860:
1171:
977:
936:
805:
487:
362:
331:
208:
65:
1111:
547:
2132:
944:
275:
1858:
1700:
Black Towns and Profit: Promotion and Development in the Trans-Appalachian West, 1877–1915
8:
2024:
1951:
920:
892:
483:
1446:"US Census Bureau, Table DP1: PROFILE OF GENERAL POPULATION AND HOUSING CHARACTERISTICS"
2034:
1659:
1640:
1388:
900:
564:
405:
366:
591:, the Nicodemus township has an area of 32.4 square miles. The town is located along
2029:
2004:
1966:
1906:
1882:
1645:
1515:
1414:
1316:
1288:
1200:
1175:
1164:
1137:
951:
those with a bachelor’s degree or higher was estimated to be 0.0% of the population.
896:
813:
491:
265:
1567:"US Census Bureau, Table P2: HISPANIC OR LATINO, AND NOT HISPANIC OR LATINO BY RACE"
1313:
Black pioneers : images of the Black experience on the North American frontier
995:
989:
908:
556:
358:
1616:
1994:
1961:
1911:
1308:
1259:. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, National Park Service, Rocky Mountain Region. 1986.
928:
541:
2044:
2014:
479:
438:
384:
1777:
1748:
Black Frontiers: Images of the Black Experience on the North American Frontier
2149:
2009:
1999:
1989:
1984:
1901:
1315:(2nd ed.). Salt Lake City, Utah: University of Utah Press. p. 102.
1028:
1001:
916:
592:
422:
339:
295:
184:
162:
149:
1772:
454:
2019:
1042:
596:
443:
1004:(1932–2022), football player for Green Bay Packers, born in Nicodemus 1932
1875:
1800:"The disappearing story of the black homesteaders who pioneered the West"
1338:"The disappearing story of the black homesteaders who pioneered the West"
537:
463:
462:
New groups of settlers arrived in Nicodemus in 1878–79 from Kentucky and
1976:
1792:
1638:
William A. Darity, Jr. (2021). Ibram X. Kendi; Keisha N. Blain (eds.).
1007:
490:
seat was held in Nicodemus, in which the town was defeated in favor of
467:
191:
1136:
Kansas Place-Names, John Rydjord, University of Oklahoma Press, 1972,
560:
418:
347:
256:
228:
1767:
1713:
Promised Land on the Solomon: Black Settlement at Nicodemus, Kansas
1253:
Promised land on the Solomon: Black settlement at Nicodemus, Kansas
475:
430:
223:
388:
accessibility and economic opportunity of developing settlements.
1921:
433:, at one point the population reached about 600 people in 1878.
357:, commemorating the only remaining western town established by
335:
196:
2181:
National Register of Historic Places in Graham County, Kansas
1718:
Schwendemann, Glen. "Nicodemus: Negro Haven on the Solomon."
1197:
In search of Canaan : Black migration to Kansas, 1879–80
282:
261:
2186:
Populated places in Kansas established by African Americans
1893:
1734:
Peopling the plains: Who Settled Where in Frontier Kansas
1362:
Eckels, Carla; McIlwain, Katelynn (September 23, 2021).
1049:
takes place in Nicodemus in the late nineteenth century.
1592:"US Census Bureau, Table S1501: EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT"
992:(1850–1920), town secretary, later Kansas State auditor
1778:
Kansas State Historical Society, Portrait of Nicodemus
1741:
In Search Of Canaan: Black Migration to Kansas 1879–80
1637:
1364:"Nicodemus Celebrates Heritage With 143rd Homecoming"
1106:
1104:
1018:
1750:. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press, 1997.
1163:
1101:
1080:
2156:Census-designated places in Graham County, Kansas
16:Unincorporated community in Graham County, Kansas
2147:
1199:. Lawrence: Regents Press of Kansas. p. 6.
1361:
947:of any race was 14.29% (2) of the population.
1844:
1783:A history of Nicodemus, Graham County, Kansas
1702:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991.
1471:"US Census Bureau, Table P16: HOUSEHOLD TYPE"
1788:Nicodemus: Negro haven on the Solomon - 1971
1736:. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995
1307:
1278:
1276:
1274:
1272:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1112:"Profile of Nicodemus, Kansas (CDP) in 2020"
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1851:
1837:
1743:. Lawrence: Regents Press of Kansas, 1978
1695:. Lawrence: Regents Press of Kansas, 1979.
1664:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1234:
486:. In 1880, the election to determine the
1729:. Morristown: Silver Burdett Press, 1994.
1683:List of books about Graham County, Kansas
1263:
1170:. Morristown, N.J.: J. Messner. pp.
551:Nicodemus National Historic Site NICODE-1
1925:Map of Kansas highlighting Graham County
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1287:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
1282:
1146:
1096:United States Department of the Interior
546:
453:
1797:
1413:. National Park Service. Archived from
1335:
1231:
1194:
812:. National Park Service. Archived from
2148:
1118:from the original on February 25, 2022
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1053:History of African Americans in Kansas
856:
2161:National Historic Landmarks in Kansas
1832:
1429:
497:
2171:Populated places established in 1877
1218:
1216:
1162:Shaw, Daniel Chu & Bill (1994).
1161:
527:) brought their tracks to the town.
449:
1087:Geographic Names Information System
1065:
615:Climate data for Nicodemus, Kansas
411:
13:
2166:African-American history of Kansas
1920:
1859:Municipalities and communities of
1676:
1542:"US Census Bureau, Table P1: RACE"
1494:
1039:, containing a history of the town
846:
482:'s emancipation of slavery in the
14:
2197:
1798:Edwards, Richard (July 5, 2018).
1761:
1336:Edwards, Richard (July 5, 2018).
1283:Hamilton, Kenneth Marvin (1991).
1213:
983:
121:
91:
1768:Nicodemus National Historic Site
1037:Nicodemus National Historic Site
1021:
355:Nicodemus National Historic Site
120:
113:
90:
83:
55:
43:
1631:
1609:
1584:
1559:
1534:
1488:
1463:
1403:
1381:
1355:
1329:
1114:. United States Census Bureau.
1092:United States Geological Survey
832:
575:In 1976, Nicodemus was named a
530:
1757:. Gale Cengage Learning, 2019.
1644:. New York. pp. 245–246.
1301:
1188:
1130:
49:Nicodemus Township Hall (2006)
1:
2176:1877 establishments in Kansas
1725:Shaw, Bill & Daniel Chu.
1058:
958:
377:
134:Show map of the United States
1223:"Nicodemus in its Infancy".
971:
582:
21:CDP in Kansas, United States
7:
1720:Kansas Historical Quarterly
1195:Athearn, Robert G. (1978).
1014:
976:The community is served by
734:Mean daily minimum °F (°C)
664:Mean daily maximum °F (°C)
589:United States Census Bureau
10:
2202:
1698:Hamilton, Kenneth Marvin.
1680:
1311:; Ravage, John W. (2008).
803:
614:
602:
577:National Historic Landmark
372:
238:2,018 ft (615 m)
2121:
2043:
1975:
1950:
1932:
1918:
1892:
1873:
1709:5 (winter 1982): 220–242.
888:2020 United States census
877:
862:
855:
850:
845:
842:
733:
663:
658:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
458:NICO First Baptist Church
311:
301:
289:
272:
255:
247:
242:
234:
222:
214:
202:
190:
178:
143:
77:
54:
42:
33:
26:
1722:29 (spring 1963): 10–31.
980:public school district.
401:Benjamin "Pap" Singleton
1619:. National Park Service
1391:. National Park Service
328:census-designated place
1926:
965:National Historic Site
552:
459:
1924:
1862:Graham County, Kansas
1755:The Healer's Daughter
1732:Shortridge, James R.
978:Graham County USD 281
935:, and 7.14% (1) from
879:U.S. Decennial Census
838:Historical population
806:National Park Service
550:
457:
399:. Promoters such as
385:Homestead Act of 1862
363:Reconstruction Period
274: • Summer (
163:39.39444°N 99.61694°W
2134:United States portal
1817:Graham County maps:
1773:Nicodemus Photo Tour
1691:Crockett, Norman I.
512:Nicodemus Enterprise
1793:1877 Historic Flyer
1753:Hinger, Charlotte.
1739:Athearn, Robert G.
1495:Bureau, US Census.
1225:The Western Cyclone
1082:"Nicodemus, Kansas"
839:
168:39.39444; -99.61694
159: /
1927:
1641:Four Hundred Souls
1526:has generic name (
1417:on January 7, 2014
901:non-Hispanic white
837:
816:on January 7, 2014
553:
498:1880–1888: Decline
460:
367:American Civil War
248: • Total
104:Show map of Kansas
2143:
2142:
1617:"Plan Your Visit"
1497:"Gazetteer Files"
937:two or more races
897:European American
884:
883:
829:
828:
587:According to the
565:Federal Land Bank
450:1879–1880: Growth
359:African Americans
321:
320:
28:Nicodemus, Kansas
2193:
2135:
2128:
1923:
1885:
1878:
1868:
1863:
1853:
1846:
1839:
1830:
1829:
1814:
1812:
1810:
1746:Ravage, John W.
1670:
1669:
1663:
1655:
1635:
1629:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1613:
1607:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1588:
1582:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1563:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1538:
1532:
1531:
1525:
1521:
1519:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1492:
1486:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1467:
1461:
1460:
1458:
1456:
1442:
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1407:
1401:
1400:
1398:
1396:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1359:
1353:
1352:
1350:
1348:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1309:Taylor, Quintard
1305:
1299:
1298:
1280:
1261:
1260:
1258:
1248:
1229:
1228:
1220:
1211:
1210:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1169:
1159:
1144:
1134:
1128:
1127:
1125:
1123:
1108:
1099:
1098:
1078:
1031:
1026:
1025:
1024:
996:John Wayne Niles
931:, 0.0% (0) from
925:Pacific Islander
909:African-American
858:
853:
848:
840:
836:
825:
823:
821:
612:
611:
557:Great Depression
517:Missouri Pacific
412:1877: Foundation
279:
174:
173:
171:
170:
169:
164:
160:
157:
156:
155:
152:
135:
124:
123:
117:
105:
94:
93:
87:
59:
47:
24:
23:
2201:
2200:
2196:
2195:
2194:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2146:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2126:
2117:
2039:
1971:
1953:
1946:
1928:
1916:
1888:
1883:
1876:
1869:
1866:
1861:
1857:
1808:
1806:
1804:Washington Post
1764:
1693:The Black Towns
1685:
1679:
1677:Further reading
1674:
1673:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1636:
1632:
1622:
1620:
1615:
1614:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1596:data.census.gov
1590:
1589:
1585:
1575:
1573:
1571:data.census.gov
1565:
1564:
1560:
1550:
1548:
1546:data.census.gov
1540:
1539:
1535:
1523:
1522:
1513:
1512:
1505:
1503:
1493:
1489:
1479:
1477:
1475:data.census.gov
1469:
1468:
1464:
1454:
1452:
1450:data.census.gov
1444:
1443:
1430:
1420:
1418:
1409:
1408:
1404:
1394:
1392:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1360:
1356:
1346:
1344:
1342:Washington Post
1334:
1330:
1323:
1306:
1302:
1295:
1281:
1264:
1256:
1250:
1249:
1232:
1222:
1221:
1214:
1207:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1160:
1147:
1135:
1131:
1121:
1119:
1110:
1109:
1102:
1079:
1066:
1061:
1027:
1022:
1020:
1017:
986:
974:
961:
929:Native Hawaiian
913:Native American
903:), 78.57% (11)
851:
835:
830:
819:
817:
808:
798:
793:
788:
783:
778:
773:
768:
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
728:
723:
718:
713:
708:
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
605:
585:
542:American Legion
533:
508:Western Cyclone
500:
452:
414:
380:
375:
273:
167:
165:
161:
158:
153:
150:
148:
146:
145:
139:
138:
137:
136:
133:
132:
131:
130:
129:
125:
108:
107:
106:
103:
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1415:the original
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1389:"Directions"
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833:Demographics
818:. Retrieved
814:the original
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2025:Turnerville
1977:Ghost towns
1954:communities
1877:County seat
1601:January 16,
1576:January 16,
1551:January 16,
1524:|last=
1480:January 16,
1455:January 16,
1373:January 27,
1047:Flying West
933:other races
923:, 0.0% (0)
919:, 0.0% (0)
911:, 0.0% (0)
484:West Indies
464:Mississippi
361:during the
344:2020 census
166: /
2150:Categories
2063:Gettysburg
2035:Wild Horse
1681:See also:
1501:Census.gov
1059:References
1008:Lulu Craig
959:Recreation
593:Highway 24
468:Exodusters
395:and other
393:John Brown
378:Background
243:Population
151:39°23′40″N
2113:Wildhorse
2098:Nicodemus
2088:Millbrook
2078:Hill City
2045:Townships
2030:Whitfield
2005:Millbrook
1967:St. Peter
1942:Nicodemus
1907:Hill City
1884:Hill City
1660:cite book
1411:"Climate"
972:Education
810:"Climate"
583:Geography
561:Dust Bowl
492:Millbrook
419:Nicodemus
348:Nicodemus
330:(CDP) in
324:Nicodemus
307:20-50550
303:FIPS code
291:Area code
257:Time zone
235:Elevation
229:Nicodemus
224:Named for
154:99°37′1″W
128:Nicodemus
98:Nicodemus
2053:Allodium
1823:Historic
1623:April 8,
1516:cite web
1421:April 8,
1395:April 8,
1116:Archived
1045:'s play
1015:See also
941:Hispanic
820:April 6,
804:Source:
559:and the
525:Santa Fe
510:and the
476:Missouri
431:Kentucky
2108:Solomon
2103:Pioneer
2083:Indiana
1995:Houston
1962:Penokee
1912:Morland
1819:Current
1809:July 8,
1347:July 8,
899:(7.14%
603:Climate
595:in the
480:England
446:tribe.
439:Buffalo
373:History
317:472219
313:GNIS ID
215:Founded
180:Country
64:map of
2093:Morlan
2068:Graham
2058:Bryant
2015:Roscoe
1894:Cities
1825:, KDOT
1648:
1319:
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1203:
1178:
1140:
945:Latino
843:Census
620:Month
540:, the
538:Masons
523:, and
336:Kansas
209:Graham
204:County
197:Kansas
70:legend
2073:Happy
2010:Olean
2000:Kebar
1990:Happy
1985:Fargo
1902:Bogue
1257:(PDF)
921:Asian
905:black
893:white
794:(−9)
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689:(24)
684:(19)
679:(13)
659:Year
444:Osage
326:is a
285:(CDT)
283:UTC-5
262:UTC-6
192:State
2020:Togo
1811:2018
1666:link
1646:ISBN
1625:2013
1603:2024
1578:2024
1553:2024
1528:help
1508:2023
1482:2024
1457:2024
1423:2013
1397:2013
1375:2022
1368:KMUW
1349:2018
1317:ISBN
1289:ISBN
1201:ISBN
1176:ISBN
1138:ISBN
1124:2022
963:The
886:The
864:2020
852:Note
847:Pop.
822:2013
799:(4)
784:(3)
759:(9)
754:(2)
724:(6)
674:(8)
669:(6)
656:Dec
653:Nov
650:Oct
647:Sep
644:Aug
641:Jul
638:Jun
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632:Apr
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626:Feb
623:Jan
555:The
353:The
218:1877
62:KDOT
1934:CDP
943:or
927:or
915:or
907:or
895:or
296:785
276:DST
266:CST
36:CDP
2152::
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