293:
200:
443:
49:
24:
438:
433:
37:
603:
779:. The Neutral Red Cytotoxicity Assay was first developed by Ellen Borenfreund in 1984. In the Neutral Red Assay live cells incorporate neutral red into their lysosomes. As cells begin to die, their ability to incorporate neutral red diminishes. Thus, loss of neutral red uptake corresponds to loss of cell viability. The neutral red is also used to stain cell cultures for
451:
413:
545:
616:
925:
Borenfreund, Ellen; Puerner, James A. (1984). "A simple quantitative procedure using monolayer cultures for cytotoxicity assays (HTD/NR90)".
137:
342:
882:
Repetto, Guillermo; del Peso, Ana; Zurita, Jorge L. (2008). "Neutral red uptake assay for the estimation of cell viability/cytotoxicity".
1338:
956:
Borenfreund, Ellen; Puerner, James A. (1985). "Toxicity determined in vitro by morphological alterations and neutral red absorption".
541:
1415:
611:
858:
307:
1039:
623:
1141:
1233:
495:
250:
195:
1370:
1274:
271:
525:
442:
1400:
505:
437:
533:
207:
288:
1420:
1283:
577:
316:
InChI=1S/C15H16N4.ClH/c1-9-6-13-15(8-11(9)16)18-14-7-10(19(2)3)4-5-12(14)17-13;/h4-8H,16H2,1-3H3;1H
326:
InChI=1/C15H16N4.ClH/c1-9-6-13-15(8-11(9)16)18-14-7-10(19(2)3)4-5-12(14)17-13;/h4-8H,16H2,1-3H3;1H
1208:
1474:
1443:
23:
1484:
1375:
1312:
1278:
1250:
465:
425:
70:
569:
1293:
1032:
565:
432:
259:
177:
553:
8:
1068:
549:
113:
103:
292:
199:
157:
1479:
1410:
907:
850:
772:
1427:
1262:
1136:
1131:
1006:
1002:
973:
969:
899:
864:
854:
1017:
911:
700:
1390:
1288:
998:
965:
934:
891:
846:
780:
365:
239:
1270:
1025:
839:
Vital staining of lysosomes and other cell organelles of the rat with
Neutral red
732:
517:
1298:
1226:
1217:
1191:
755:
736:
594:
509:
48:
835:
VitalfÀrbung von
Lysosomen und anderen Zellorganellen der Ratte mit Neutralrot
1468:
1385:
1360:
1328:
1212:
1203:
1187:
1111:
985:
Borenfreund, E.; Babich, H.; Martin-Alguacil, N. (1988). "Comparisons of two
794:
740:
720:
719:
in combination with other dyes, and for many staining methods. Together with
521:
398:
188:
529:
1405:
1365:
1348:
1343:
1123:
1010:
903:
841:]. Progress in Histochemistry and Cytochemistry (in German). Vol.
809:
798:
766:
751:
716:
643:
977:
895:
868:
1453:
1380:
1243:
1086:
1060:
776:
557:
537:
36:
1448:
1303:
1238:
1182:
1164:
938:
388:
208:
168:
1159:
1106:
1096:
989:
cytotoxicity assaysâThe neutral red (NR) and tetrazolium MTT tests".
783:
712:
708:
501:
593:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
1221:
1196:
1174:
1101:
1091:
1048:
802:
759:
704:
585:
487:
136:
1353:
1333:
1151:
763:
513:
226:
984:
744:
724:
483:
1078:
787:
728:
573:
148:
126:
711:. It stains lysosomes red. It is used as a general stain in
276:
1056:
479:
81:,7-Trimethylphenazine-2,8-diamineâhydrogen chloride (1/1)
813:
89:
3-Amino-7-dimethylamino-2-methylphenazine hydrochloride
1047:
881:
475:
955:
924:
1466:
471:
238:
112:
581:
1033:
845:(3). Gustav Fischer Verlag. pp. 1â91.
1040:
1026:
561:
291:
198:
176:
258:
832:
287:
1467:
1339:Jaswant SinghâBhattacharji (JSB) stain
812:, changing from red to yellow between
403:290 °C (554 °F; 563 K)
350:Cl.n1c3c(nc2c1cc(c(c2)N)C)cc(N(C)C)cc3
189:
1021:
319:Key: PGSADBUBUOPOJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
156:
949:
727:tissues and supravital staining of
329:Key: PGSADBUBUOPOJS-UHFFFAOYAB
229:
13:
1416:Grocott's methenamine silver stain
47:
35:
14:
1496:
1049:Microbial and histological stains
927:Journal of Tissue Culture Methods
601:
441:
436:
431:
22:
801:. It usually is available as a
597:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa).
918:
875:
826:
1:
851:10.1016/S0079-6336(74)80001-X
819:
793:Neutral red is added to some
1003:10.1016/0887-2333(88)90030-6
970:10.1016/0378-4274(85)90046-3
55:Neutral Red Aqueous Solution
7:
731:. Can be used for staining
31:
10:
1501:
1142:Periodic acidâSchiff stain
393:288.78 g/mol
1436:
1321:
1261:
1173:
1150:
1122:
1077:
1055:
833:Winckler, JĂŒrgen (1973).
637:
591:
412:
407:
358:
338:
303:
96:
86:
69:
64:
30:
21:
1284:Light Green SF yellowish
1275:Masson's trichrome stain
1234:Auramineârhodamine stain
496:Precautionary statements
1401:SchaefferâFulton stain
1371:Gömöri trichrome stain
808:Neutral red acts as a
723:, it is used to stain
52:
40:
1376:Luxol fast blue stain
1251:Auramine phenol stain
896:10.1038/nprot.2008.75
51:
39:
1421:WarthinâStarry stain
1294:Phosphomolybdic acid
754:, it is used in the
1437:Tissue stainability
1209:ZiehlâNeelsen stain
1069:Perls Prussian blue
991:Toxicology in Vitro
18:
1411:Bielschowsky stain
1313:Van Gieson's stain
1279:Lillie's trichrome
958:Toxicology Letters
939:10.1007/BF01666038
797:for bacterial and
624:Infobox references
53:
41:
16:
1462:
1461:
1263:Connective tissue
775:can be used as a
758:to differentiate
682:
681:
632:Chemical compound
630:
629:
466:Hazard statements
272:CompTox Dashboard
138:Interactive image
60:
59:
43:Solid Neutral Red
1492:
1289:Biebrich scarlet
1042:
1035:
1028:
1019:
1018:
1014:
981:
964:(2â3): 119â124.
950:Other references
943:
942:
922:
916:
915:
890:(7): 1125â1131.
884:Nature Protocols
879:
873:
872:
830:
647:
635:
634:
614:
608:
605:
604:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
445:
440:
435:
366:Chemical formula
296:
295:
280:
278:
262:
242:
231:
210:
202:
191:
180:
160:
140:
116:
32:
26:
19:
15:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1490:
1489:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1432:
1317:
1271:trichrome stain
1257:
1169:
1146:
1118:
1073:
1051:
1046:
952:
947:
946:
923:
919:
880:
876:
861:
831:
827:
822:
733:Golgi apparatus
641:
633:
626:
621:
620:
619: ?)
610:
606:
602:
598:
498:
468:
454:
428:
382:
378:
374:
368:
354:
351:
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345:
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327:
321:
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310:
299:
281:
274:
265:
245:
232:
220:
183:
163:
143:
130:
119:
106:
92:
90:
82:
56:
44:
12:
11:
5:
1498:
1488:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1440:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1428:Wright's stain
1425:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1373:
1368:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1356:
1351:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1325:
1323:
1319:
1318:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1307:
1306:
1301:
1299:Fast Green FCF
1296:
1291:
1286:
1267:
1265:
1259:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1253:
1248:
1247:
1246:
1241:
1231:
1230:
1229:
1227:Methylene blue
1224:
1218:Carbol fuchsin
1201:
1200:
1199:
1194:
1192:Gentian violet
1179:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1144:
1139:
1134:
1128:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1116:
1115:
1114:
1109:
1104:
1099:
1094:
1083:
1081:
1075:
1074:
1072:
1071:
1065:
1063:
1053:
1052:
1045:
1044:
1037:
1030:
1022:
1016:
1015:
982:
951:
948:
945:
944:
917:
874:
859:
824:
823:
821:
818:
756:MacConkey agar
741:Nissl granules
680:
679:
674:
669:
663:
662:
657:
655:
649:
648:
631:
628:
627:
622:
600:
599:
595:standard state
592:
589:
588:
546:P305+P351+P338
499:
494:
491:
490:
469:
464:
461:
460:
455:
450:
447:
446:
429:
424:
421:
420:
410:
409:
405:
404:
401:
395:
394:
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385:
384:
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376:
372:
369:
364:
361:
360:
356:
355:
353:
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341:
340:
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336:
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333:
332:
328:
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324:
322:
318:
315:
314:
306:
305:
304:
301:
300:
298:
297:
289:DTXSID90883440
284:
282:
270:
267:
266:
264:
263:
255:
253:
247:
246:
244:
243:
235:
233:
225:
222:
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218:
214:
212:
204:
203:
193:
185:
184:
182:
181:
173:
171:
165:
164:
162:
161:
153:
151:
145:
144:
142:
141:
133:
131:
124:
121:
120:
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117:
109:
107:
102:
99:
98:
94:
93:
88:
84:
83:
73:
67:
66:
62:
61:
58:
57:
54:
45:
42:
28:
27:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1497:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1475:PH indicators
1473:
1472:
1470:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1408:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1392:
1391:Movat's stain
1389:
1387:
1386:Moeller stain
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1372:
1369:
1367:
1364:
1362:
1361:Janus Green B
1359:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1344:H&E stain
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1329:Cresyl violet
1327:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1314:
1311:
1310:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1268:
1266:
1264:
1260:
1252:
1249:
1245:
1242:
1240:
1237:
1236:
1235:
1232:
1228:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1216:
1215:
1214:
1213:Kinyoun stain
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1202:
1198:
1195:
1193:
1189:
1188:Methyl violet
1186:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1172:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1140:
1138:
1135:
1133:
1130:
1129:
1127:
1125:
1124:Carbohydrates
1121:
1113:
1112:Sudan Black B
1110:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1100:
1098:
1095:
1093:
1090:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1084:
1082:
1080:
1076:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1043:
1038:
1036:
1031:
1029:
1024:
1023:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1004:
1000:
996:
992:
988:
983:
979:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
954:
953:
940:
936:
932:
928:
921:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
889:
885:
878:
870:
866:
862:
860:3-437-10353-9
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
829:
825:
817:
816:6.8 and 8.0.
815:
811:
806:
804:
800:
799:cell cultures
796:
791:
789:
785:
782:
778:
774:
770:
768:
765:
761:
757:
753:
748:
746:
742:
738:
734:
730:
726:
722:
721:Janus Green B
718:
714:
710:
706:
703:dye used for
702:
698:
694:
690:
689:toluylene red
686:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
664:
661:
658:
656:
654:
651:
650:
645:
640:
636:
625:
618:
613:
596:
590:
500:
497:
493:
492:
470:
467:
463:
462:
459:
456:
453:
449:
448:
444:
439:
434:
430:
427:
423:
422:
418:
416:
411:
406:
402:
400:
399:Melting point
397:
396:
392:
390:
387:
386:
370:
367:
363:
362:
357:
348:
347:
344:
337:
323:
313:
312:
309:
302:
294:
290:
286:
285:
283:
273:
269:
268:
261:
257:
256:
254:
252:
249:
248:
241:
237:
236:
234:
228:
224:
223:
216:
215:
213:
211:
206:
205:
201:
197:
194:
192:
190:ECHA InfoCard
187:
186:
179:
175:
174:
172:
170:
167:
166:
159:
155:
154:
152:
150:
147:
146:
139:
135:
134:
132:
128:
123:
122:
115:
111:
110:
108:
105:
101:
100:
95:
91:Toluylene red
85:
80:
76:
72:
68:
63:
50:
46:
38:
34:
33:
29:
25:
20:
1485:Vital stains
1454:Chromophobic
1406:Silver stain
1395:
1366:Giemsa stain
1349:Haematoxylin
994:
990:
986:
961:
957:
930:
926:
920:
887:
883:
877:
842:
838:
834:
828:
810:pH indicator
807:
795:growth media
792:
771:
767:fermentation
752:microbiology
749:
717:counterstain
696:
692:
688:
684:
683:
676:
671:
666:
660:above pH 8.0
659:
653:below pH 6.8
652:
644:pH indicator
638:
457:
414:
97:Identifiers
87:Other names
78:
74:
17:Neutral red
1444:Acidophilic
1396:Neutral red
1381:Methyl blue
1244:Rhodamine B
1137:Mucicarmine
1132:Alcian blue
1087:Sudan stain
1061:hemosiderin
777:vital stain
773:Neutral red
693:Basic Red 5
685:Neutral red
639:Neutral red
452:Signal word
359:Properties
196:100.008.215
158:CHEBI:86370
1469:Categories
1449:Basophilic
1304:Sirius Red
1239:Auramine O
1183:Gram stain
1165:Thioflavin
997:(1): 1â6.
933:(1): 7â9.
820:References
697:C.I. 50040
426:Pictograms
389:Molar mass
260:261QK3SSBH
169:ChemSpider
125:3D model (
104:CAS Number
71:IUPAC name
1480:Azin dyes
1204:Acid-fast
1160:Congo red
1107:Oil Red O
1097:Sudan III
784:titration
725:embryonal
713:histology
709:histology
578:P403+P233
570:P337+P313
566:P332+P313
550:P308+P313
542:P304+P340
538:P302+P352
534:P301+P310
417:labelling
217:209-035-8
209:EC Number
1222:Fuchsine
1197:Safranin
1175:Bacteria
1102:Sudan IV
1092:Sudan II
1011:20702351
987:in vitro
912:24676983
904:18600217
803:chloride
760:bacteria
705:staining
701:eurhodin
408:Hazards
114:553-24-2
1354:Eosin Y
1334:Cyanine
1152:Amyloid
978:3983963
869:4142096
788:viruses
764:lactose
745:neurons
715:, as a
699:) is a
617:what is
615: (
383:
227:PubChem
1079:Lipids
1009:
976:
910:
902:
867:
857:
805:salt.
612:verify
609:
458:Danger
343:SMILES
65:Names
1322:Other
908:S2CID
837:[
781:plate
737:cells
729:blood
695:, or
308:InChI
240:11105
178:10634
149:ChEBI
127:JSmol
1057:Iron
1007:PMID
974:PMID
900:PMID
865:PMID
855:ISBN
762:for
739:and
586:P501
582:P405
574:P362
562:P330
558:P321
554:P312
530:P281
526:P280
522:P271
518:P270
514:P264
510:P261
506:P202
502:P201
488:H341
484:H335
480:H319
476:H315
472:H301
251:UNII
999:doi
966:doi
935:doi
892:doi
847:doi
786:of
750:In
743:in
735:in
707:in
677:8.0
667:6.8
415:GHS
277:EPA
230:CID
1471::
1273::
1005:.
993:.
972:.
962:24
960:.
929:.
906:.
898:.
886:.
863:.
853:.
814:pH
790:.
769:.
747:.
691:,
584:,
580:,
576:,
572:,
568:,
564:,
560:,
556:,
552:,
548:,
544:,
540:,
536:,
532:,
528:,
524:,
520:,
516:,
512:,
508:,
504:,
486:,
482:,
478:,
474:,
419::
377:17
373:15
1277:/
1220:/
1211:/
1190:/
1059:/
1041:e
1034:t
1027:v
1013:.
1001::
995:2
980:.
968::
941:.
937::
931:9
914:.
894::
888:3
871:.
849::
843:6
687:(
672:â
646:)
642:(
607:N
381:4
379:N
375:H
371:C
279:)
275:(
129:)
79:N
77:,
75:N
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