Knowledge

Neurotensin

Source 📝

559: 667:
InChI=1S/C78H121N21O20/c1-7-43(6)63(73(115)96-57(76(118)119)37-42(4)5)97-70(112)55(39-45-21-25-47(101)26-22-45)95-72(114)59-18-13-35-99(59)75(117)52(16-11-33-86-78(83)84)90-64(106)48(15-10-32-85-77(81)82)89-71(113)58-17-12-34-98(58)74(116)51(14-8-9-31-79)91-69(111)56(40-60(80)102)94-66(108)50(28-30-62(104)105)88-68(110)54(38-44-19-23-46(100)24-20-44)93-67(109)53(36-41(2)3)92-65(107)49-27-29-61(103)87-49/h19-26,41-43,48-59,63,100-101H,7-18,27-40,79H2,1-6H3,(H2,80,102)(H,87,103)(H,88,110)(H,89,113)(H,90,106)(H,91,111)(H,92,107)(H,93,109)(H,94,108)(H,95,114)(H,96,115)(H,97,112)(H,104,105)(H,118,119)(H4,81,82,85)(H4,83,84,86)/t43-,48-,49-,50-,51-,52-,53-,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,59-,63-/m0/s1
677:
InChI=1/C78H121N21O20/c1-7-43(6)63(73(115)96-57(76(118)119)37-42(4)5)97-70(112)55(39-45-21-25-47(101)26-22-45)95-72(114)59-18-13-35-99(59)75(117)52(16-11-33-86-78(83)84)90-64(106)48(15-10-32-85-77(81)82)89-71(113)58-17-12-34-98(58)74(116)51(14-8-9-31-79)91-69(111)56(40-60(80)102)94-66(108)50(28-30-62(104)105)88-68(110)54(38-44-19-23-46(100)24-20-44)93-67(109)53(36-41(2)3)92-65(107)49-27-29-61(103)87-49/h19-26,41-43,48-59,63,100-101H,7-18,27-40,79H2,1-6H3,(H2,80,102)(H,87,103)(H,88,110)(H,89,113)(H,90,106)(H,91,111)(H,92,107)(H,93,109)(H,94,108)(H,95,114)(H,96,115)(H,97,112)(H,104,105)(H,118,119)(H4,81,82,85)(H4,83,84,86)/t43-,48-,49-,50-,51-,52-,53-,54-,55-,56-,57-,58-,59-,63-/m0/s1
966:, a model that has been widely used to investigate antipsychotic drug action in animals. Antipsychotic drug administration augments PPI under certain conditions. Comparisons between normal and neurotensin-deficient mice revealed striking differences in the ability of different antipsychotic drugs to augment PPI. While the atypical antipsychotic drug clozapine augmented PPI normally in neurotensin-deficient mice, the conventional antipsychotic 512: 1054:(PVN) was lowered, neurotensin, but not neurotensin mRNA, was shown to be higher in the PVN. Neurotensin mRNA as well as the peptide itself were also expressed higher in the medial preoptic area (mPOA). These expression patterns were not shown in the virgin female control group, and align with other research implicating neurotensin gene expression variation in the regulation of maternal behaviors. 761: 974:
were ineffective in these mice, in contrast to normal mice where these drugs significantly augmented PPI. These results suggest that certain antipsychotic drugs require neurotensin for at least some of their effects. Neurotensin-deficient mice also display defects in striatal activation following
1069:
gene expression across different stages of song development. The early stage of transition between sensory and sensorimotor periods was marked by decreases in both neurotensin and neurotensin receptor mRNA expression, which may indicate a role of neurotensin in initiating sensorimotor learning.
1070:
During the sensorimotor subsong stage, neurotensin gene expression and neurotensin receptor 1 (Ntsr1) gene expression exhibited complementary expression patterns in song-related brain regions, which may indicate changes in neuronal responses to neurotensin across development.
1057:
Other patterns of neurotensin expression related to the medial preoptic area show relation to the modulation of social reward. Analysis of neurotensin gene-labelled neurons revealed that neurotensin-containing neuronal projections from the mPOA to the
958:. Neurotensin-deficient mice display defects in responses to several antipsychotic drugs consistent with the idea that neurotensin signaling is a key component underlying at least some antipsychotic drug actions. These mice exhibit modest defects in 1034:
holoenzyme. These findings may indicate mechanisms of cross-talk signaling in brain hormone activity and expression of hormone-related genes. Other sex hormone-related changes in neurotensin expression have been associated with activity in the
910:
The sequence of bovine neurotensin was determined to be pyroGlu-Leu-Tyr-Glu-Asn-Lys-Pro-Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu-OH. Neurotensin is synthesized as part of a 169 or 170 amino acid precursor protein that also contains the related neuropeptide
698:
CC(C)(/C(=N/(CC(C)C)C(=O)O)/O)/N=C(/(Cc1ccc(cc1)O)/N=C(/2CCCN2C(=O)(CCCNC(=N)N)/N=C(/(CCCNC(=N)N)/N=C(/3CCCN3C(=O)(CCCCN)/N=C(/(CC(=N)O)/N=C(/(CCC(=O)O)/N=C(/(Cc4ccc(cc4)O)/N=C(\(CC(C)C)/N=C(\5CCC(=N5)O)/O)/O)\O)\O)\O)\O)\O)\O)\O
1155:
Friry C, Feliciangeli S, Richard F, Kitabgi P, Rovere C (February 2002). "Production of recombinant large proneurotensin/neuromedin N-derived peptides and characterization of their binding and biological activity".
1902:
Rodríguez, Yurena; Almeida, Teresa A.; Valladares, Francisco; Báez, Delia; Montes de Oca, Francisco; García, Candelaria; Dorta, Idaira; Hernández, Mariano; Reyes, Ricardo; Bello, Aixa R. (2010-10-01).
1077:
has been shown to be a major regulator in the expression of neurotensin receptor 1 and 2 genes in colorectal cancer cells. Additionally, knock-down of the NTSR1 gene as well as treatment with a NTSR1
1731:
McHenry, Jenna A.; Otis, James M.; Rossi, Mark A.; Robinson, J. Elliott; Kosyk, Oksana; Miller, Noah W.; McElligott, Zoe A.; Budygin, Evgeny A.; Rubinow, David R.; Stuber, Garret D. (March 2017).
903:
at their C terminus. These large peptides appear to be less potent than their smaller counterparts, but are also less sensitive to degradation and may represent endogenous, long-lasting
979:
administration in comparison to normal wild type mice, indicating that striatal neurotensin is required for the full spectrum of neuronal responses to a subset of antipsychotic drugs.
1073:
Neurotensin also plays a role in peripheral tissues outside of the nervous system, mainly in the gastrointestinal tract, and has been implicated in cancer development. DNA promoter
1617:"Neurotensin Gene Expression Increases during Proestrus in the Rostral Medial Preoptic Nucleus: Potential for Direct Communication with Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Neurons*" 472: 1062:(VTA) in mice were associated with the encoding of odor cues as well as social attraction, further implicating neurotensin in hormonal as well as reward signaling. 1065:
Neurotensin has also been implicated in learning processes. A study examining song development in male zebra finches showed variations in neurotensin and
774: 2423: 2418: 2408: 1501: 1428: 1788:
Merullo, Devin P.; Asogwa, Chinweike N.; Sanchez-Valpuesta, Miguel; Hayase, Shin; Pattnaik, Bikash R.; Wada, Kazuhiro; Riters, Lauren V. (2018).
2453: 1515:
Katz LM, Young A, Frank JE, Wang Y, Park K (March 2004). "Neurotensin-induced hypothermia improves neurologic outcome after hypoxic-ischemia".
428: 416: 1039:. In female rats, neurotensin expression was shown to be at its highest in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) during the proestrus phase of the 2373: 690: 1560:"Transcriptional Effects of Estrogen on Neuronal Neurotensin Gene Expression Involve cAMP/Protein Kinase A-Dependent Signaling Mechanisms" 1383:"Neurotensin-deficient mice have deficits in prepulse inhibition: restoration by clozapine but no haloperidol, olanzapine, or quetiapine" 1046:
Altered expression of neurotensin genes as well as neurotensin receptor genes have been exhibited in postpartum female mice. While
1999: 1966: 1790:"Neurotensin and neurotensin receptor 1 mRNA expression in song-control regions changes during development in male zebra finches" 1051: 845:. It induces a variety of effects, including analgesia, hypothermia and increased locomotor activity. It is also involved in 1666:"Endogenous CNS Expression of Neurotensin and Neurotensin Receptors Is Altered during the Postpartum Period in Outbred Mice" 1293:"The rat gene encoding neurotensin and neuromedin N. Structure, tissue-specific expression, and evolution of exon sequences" 492: 769: 658: 1334:"Curcumin inhibits neurotensin-mediated interleukin-8 production and migration of HCT116 human colon cancer cells" 781: 2363: 1847:"Diverse expression patterns and tumorigenic role of neurotensin signaling components in colorectal cancer cells" 1085:
or fibroid tumors in uterine tissue have also been associated with higher expression of neurotensin and NTSR1.
1015: 1380: 480: 2378: 1664:
Driessen, Terri M.; Zhao, Changjiu; Whittlinger, Anna; Williams, Horecia; Gammie, Stephen C. (2014-01-08).
1018:(cAMP) signaling. Specifically, estrogen increased cAMP activity and cAMP response element-binding protein 635: 1992: 476: 2398: 1958: 1023: 2493: 2448: 1985: 1904:"Neurotensin and Neurotensin Receptor 1 Expression in Human Myometrium and Uterine Leiomyomas1" 1382: 1059: 1047: 880:(which is derived from the same precursor). This C-terminal region is responsible for the full 599: 1495: 1441: 1422: 920: 833:
Neurotensin is distributed throughout the central nervous system, with highest levels in the
2488: 2393: 1677: 1455: 1245: 1094: 1066: 904: 893: 850: 644: 535: 459: 8: 2250: 1234:"Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for the canine neurotensin/neuromedin N precursor" 1078: 959: 881: 812: 804: 525: 1681: 1459: 1249: 2082: 2057: 1954: 1879: 1846: 1822: 1789: 1765: 1732: 1708: 1665: 1592: 1575: 1559: 1540: 1528: 1410: 1381:
Kinkead, B, Dobner PR, Egnatashvili, V, Murray, T, Deitemeyer, N, Nemeroff, CB (2005).
1358: 1333: 951: 900: 579: 421: 56: 1309: 1292: 1268: 1233: 1209: 1192: 1132: 1115: 53: 2087: 2026: 1933: 1925: 1884: 1866: 1827: 1809: 1770: 1752: 1713: 1695: 1646: 1638: 1597: 1579: 1532: 1483: 1478: 1443: 1402: 1363: 1314: 1273: 1214: 1173: 1137: 995: 940: 916: 889: 842: 624: 467: 34: 1544: 1414: 397: 1915: 1874: 1858: 1817: 1801: 1760: 1744: 1703: 1685: 1628: 1587: 1571: 1524: 1473: 1463: 1394: 1353: 1345: 1304: 1263: 1253: 1204: 1165: 1127: 1031: 983: 713: 455: 1920: 1903: 1349: 1116:"The isolation of a new hypotensive peptide, neurotensin, from bovine hypothalami" 950:
signaling, and produces a spectrum of pharmacological effects resembling those of
433: 2413: 2138: 2128: 1690: 1019: 991: 827: 409: 2433: 2428: 2161: 2156: 2133: 2035: 1027: 963: 752: 2482: 2110: 2105: 2072: 1929: 1870: 1813: 1756: 1699: 1642: 1583: 1040: 1036: 1011: 858: 1633: 1616: 1398: 1258: 2438: 2314: 2309: 2304: 2299: 2266: 2261: 2012: 1937: 1888: 1831: 1774: 1717: 1650: 1536: 1487: 1468: 1406: 1367: 1177: 1169: 912: 877: 834: 823: 819: 800: 1977: 1862: 1601: 1444:"Neurotensin-deficient mice show altered responses to antipsychotic drugs" 1318: 1277: 1218: 1141: 2353: 2281: 2256: 2192: 2177: 2097: 2067: 2052: 1074: 987: 967: 955: 2245: 2209: 2199: 2182: 2148: 2120: 2077: 1805: 1733:"Hormonal gain control of a medial preoptic area social reward circuit" 971: 924: 885: 873: 870: 846: 797: 740: 590: 2458: 1442:
Dobner, PR, Fadel, J, Deitemeyer, N, Carraway, RE, Deutch, AY (2001).
357: 2383: 2368: 2214: 2204: 2187: 2044: 1082: 976: 854: 808: 72: 60: 49: 1787: 1748: 751:
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their
194: 190: 2358: 2337: 2332: 2276: 1231: 1007: 947: 896: 838: 404: 346: 1022:
in neuroblastoma cells prior to the induction of neurotensin gene
954:, leading to the suggestion that neurotensin may be an endogenous 558: 2403: 2388: 2008: 936: 611: 176: 135: 1193:"The amino acid sequence of a hypothalamic peptide, neurotensin" 849:
of dopamine pathways. In the periphery, neurotensin is found in
40:
pro-neurotensin/neuromedinneurotensin/neuromedin NNTNTS(151-163)
2324: 1663: 1154: 888:
portion having a modulatory role. The neurotensin/neuromedin N
816: 487: 324: 94: 1901: 1081:
inhibited colorectal cancer cell proliferation and migration.
1026:. Additionally, neurotensin gene transcription was blocked in 1006:
Neurotensin gene expression has been shown to be modulated by
511: 2237: 1290: 915:. The peptide coding domains are located in tandem near the 570: 548: 1232:
Dobner PR, Barber DL, Villa-Komaroff L, McKiernan C (1987).
869:
Neurotensin shares significant sequence similarity in its 6
1845:
Kim, Ji Tae; Weiss, Heidi L.; Evers, B. Mark (2017-06-01).
1014:
cell cultures as well as in mice through interactions with
449: 392: 2463: 1967:"A Good Memory or a Bad One? One Brain Molecule Decides" 1730: 982:
Neurotensin is an endogenous neuropeptide involved in
1291:
Kislauskis E, Bullock B, McNeil S, Dobner PR (1988).
946:
Neurotensin has been implicated in the modulation of
1332:
Wang X, Wang Q, Ives KL, Evers BM (September 2006).
815:. Neurotensin was first isolated from extracts of 1615:Smith, Matthew J.; Wise, Phyllis M. (2001-07-01). 1558:Watters, Jyoti J.; Dorsa, Daniel M. (1998-09-01). 1514: 1331: 811:release and has significant interaction with the 2480: 623: 892:can also be processed to produce large 125–138 534: 2454:Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide 1190: 1113: 923:and are bounded and separated by paired basic 907:in a number of pathophysiological situations. 2374:Cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript 1993: 1844: 1557: 1500:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1427:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 876:with several other neuropeptides, including 864: 2007: 1508: 1325: 1148: 1052:paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus 2000: 1986: 1964: 1284: 1225: 1184: 1107: 853:of the small intestine, where it leads to 598: 1957:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine 1919: 1878: 1821: 1764: 1707: 1689: 1632: 1614: 1591: 1477: 1467: 1357: 1308: 1267: 1257: 1208: 1131: 643: 930: 822:based on its ability to cause a visible 803:that is implicated in the regulation of 2481: 1981: 970:and the newer atypical antipsychotic 899:with the neurotensin or neuromedin N 670:Key: PCJGZPGTCUMMOT-ISULXFBGSA-N 578: 927:(lysine-arginine) processing sites. 614: 13: 1965:Saplakoglu, Yasemin (2022-09-07). 1576:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.18-17-06672.1998 1529:10.1097/01.CCM.0000114998.00860.FD 1001: 374:Neurotensin/neuromedin N precursor 14: 2505: 1948: 1851:International Journal of Oncology 1030:lacking the RIIβ subunit of the 759: 510: 2364:Calcitonin gene-related peptide 1895: 1838: 1781: 1724: 1657: 1608: 1551: 755:(at 25 °C , 100 kPa). 1435: 1374: 1191:Carraway R, Leeman SE (1975). 1114:Carraway R, Leeman SE (1973). 830:regions of anesthetized rats. 1: 1921:10.1095/biolreprod.110.084962 1350:10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-06-0968 1310:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)68881-7 1210:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)41780-8 1158:Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun 1133:10.1016/S0021-9258(19)43429-7 1100: 444:Available protein structures: 2379:Delta-sleep-inducing peptide 1691:10.1371/journal.pone.0083098 1238:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A 7: 1088: 10: 2510: 1794:Developmental Neurobiology 1448:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 994:in experimental models of 2399:Gastrin-releasing peptide 2346: 2323: 2292: 2236: 2227: 2170: 2147: 2119: 2096: 2043: 2034: 2019: 865:Sequence and biosynthesis 749: 706: 686: 654: 518: 509: 486: 466: 448: 443: 439: 427: 415: 403: 391: 383: 378: 373: 361: 356: 352: 345: 323: 308: 295: 291: 276: 272: 265: 252: 248: 233: 229: 222: 211: 207: 188: 184: 175: 164: 160: 147: 143: 134: 123: 119: 106: 102: 93: 78: 71: 67: 47: 44: 39: 32: 27: 23: 18: 1959:Medical Subject Headings 935:Neurotensin is a potent 1908:Biology of Reproduction 1634:10.1210/endo.142.7.8256 1564:Journal of Neuroscience 1399:10.1124/jpet.105.087437 1387:J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther 1259:10.1073/pnas.84.10.3516 2449:Pancreatic polypeptide 1469:10.1073/pnas.141042198 1170:10.1006/bbrc.2001.6308 1060:ventral tegmental area 1048:neurotensin receptor 1 1010:in both human SK-N-SH 1863:10.3892/ijo.2017.3990 975:haloperidol, but not 931:Clinical significance 851:enteroendocrine cells 745:1672.92 2394:Galanin-like peptide 1095:Neurotensin receptor 1067:neurotensin receptor 1050:(Ntsr1) mRNA in the 1737:Nature Neuroscience 1682:2014PLoSO...983098D 1460:2001PNAS...98.8048D 1250:1987PNAS...84.3516D 960:prepulse inhibition 952:antipsychotic drugs 882:biological activity 813:dopaminergic system 805:luteinizing hormone 506: 1806:10.1002/dneu.22589 782:Infobox references 504: 2476: 2475: 2472: 2471: 2223: 2222: 1570:(17): 6672–6680. 1454:(14): 8048–8053. 996:cerebral ischemia 941:colorectal cancer 917:carboxyl terminal 843:nucleus accumbens 790:Chemical compound 788: 787: 560:Interactive image 502: 501: 498: 497: 493:structure summary 369: 368: 365: 364: 341: 340: 304: 303: 285: 284: 261: 260: 242: 241: 218: 217: 201: 200: 171: 170: 154: 153: 130: 129: 113: 112: 2501: 2234: 2233: 2041: 2040: 2002: 1995: 1988: 1979: 1978: 1974: 1942: 1941: 1923: 1899: 1893: 1892: 1882: 1857:(6): 2200–2206. 1842: 1836: 1835: 1825: 1785: 1779: 1778: 1768: 1728: 1722: 1721: 1711: 1693: 1661: 1655: 1654: 1636: 1627:(7): 3006–3013. 1612: 1606: 1605: 1595: 1555: 1549: 1548: 1512: 1506: 1505: 1499: 1491: 1481: 1471: 1439: 1433: 1432: 1426: 1418: 1378: 1372: 1371: 1361: 1338:Clin. Cancer Res 1329: 1323: 1322: 1312: 1288: 1282: 1281: 1271: 1261: 1229: 1223: 1222: 1212: 1188: 1182: 1181: 1152: 1146: 1145: 1135: 1111: 1032:protein kinase A 986:that can induce 984:thermoregulation 772: 766: 763: 762: 714:Chemical formula 647: 627: 616: 602: 582: 562: 538: 514: 507: 503: 441: 440: 371: 370: 354: 353: 337: 332: 319: 314: 299: 289: 288: 280: 270: 269: 266:RefSeq (protein) 256: 246: 245: 237: 227: 226: 205: 204: 182: 181: 158: 157: 141: 140: 117: 116: 100: 99: 69: 68: 63: 37: 16: 15: 2509: 2508: 2504: 2503: 2502: 2500: 2499: 2498: 2479: 2478: 2477: 2468: 2424:Neuropeptide VF 2419:Neuropeptide SF 2414:Neuropeptide FF 2409:Neuropeptide AF 2342: 2319: 2288: 2229: 2219: 2166: 2143: 2115: 2092: 2061: 2036:Opioid peptides 2030: 2015: 2006: 1971:Quanta Magazine 1951: 1946: 1945: 1900: 1896: 1843: 1839: 1786: 1782: 1749:10.1038/nn.4487 1729: 1725: 1662: 1658: 1613: 1609: 1556: 1552: 1513: 1509: 1493: 1492: 1440: 1436: 1420: 1419: 1379: 1375: 1344:(18): 5346–55. 1330: 1326: 1289: 1285: 1244:(10): 3516–20. 1230: 1226: 1189: 1185: 1153: 1149: 1126:(19): 6854–61. 1112: 1108: 1103: 1091: 1020:phosphorylation 1004: 1002:Gene expression 992:neuroprotection 933: 867: 826:in the exposed 791: 784: 779: 778: 777:  ?) 768: 764: 760: 756: 734: 730: 726: 722: 716: 702: 699: 694: 693: 682: 679: 678: 672: 671: 668: 662: 661: 650: 630: 617: 605: 585: 565: 552: 541: 528: 417:OPM superfamily 358:View/Edit Human 335: 330: 317: 312: 309:Location (UCSC) 297: 278: 254: 235: 193: 48: 33: 12: 11: 5: 2507: 2497: 2496: 2491: 2474: 2473: 2470: 2469: 2467: 2466: 2461: 2456: 2451: 2446: 2441: 2436: 2434:Neuropeptide Y 2431: 2429:Neuropeptide S 2426: 2421: 2416: 2411: 2406: 2401: 2396: 2391: 2386: 2381: 2376: 2371: 2366: 2361: 2356: 2350: 2348: 2344: 2343: 2341: 2340: 2335: 2329: 2327: 2321: 2320: 2318: 2317: 2312: 2307: 2302: 2296: 2294: 2290: 2289: 2287: 2286: 2285: 2284: 2279: 2271: 2270: 2269: 2264: 2259: 2248: 2242: 2240: 2231: 2225: 2224: 2221: 2220: 2218: 2217: 2212: 2207: 2202: 2197: 2196: 2195: 2185: 2180: 2174: 2172: 2168: 2167: 2165: 2164: 2162:Leu-enkephalin 2159: 2157:Met-enkephalin 2153: 2151: 2145: 2144: 2142: 2141: 2136: 2131: 2125: 2123: 2117: 2116: 2114: 2113: 2108: 2102: 2100: 2094: 2093: 2091: 2090: 2088:β-Neoendorphin 2085: 2083:α-Neoendorphin 2080: 2075: 2070: 2065: 2064: 2063: 2059: 2049: 2047: 2038: 2032: 2031: 2023: 2021: 2017: 2016: 2005: 2004: 1997: 1990: 1982: 1976: 1975: 1962: 1950: 1949:External links 1947: 1944: 1943: 1914:(4): 641–647. 1894: 1837: 1800:(7): 671–686. 1780: 1743:(3): 449–458. 1723: 1656: 1607: 1550: 1517:Crit. Care Med 1507: 1434: 1393:(1): 256–264. 1373: 1324: 1303:(10): 4963–8. 1283: 1224: 1203:(5): 1907–11. 1183: 1147: 1105: 1104: 1102: 1099: 1098: 1097: 1090: 1087: 1028:knock-out mice 1003: 1000: 964:startle reflex 932: 929: 866: 863: 789: 786: 785: 780: 758: 757: 753:standard state 750: 747: 746: 743: 737: 736: 732: 728: 724: 720: 717: 712: 709: 708: 704: 703: 701: 700: 697: 689: 688: 687: 684: 683: 681: 680: 676: 675: 673: 669: 666: 665: 657: 656: 655: 652: 651: 649: 648: 640: 638: 632: 631: 629: 628: 620: 618: 610: 607: 606: 604: 603: 595: 593: 587: 586: 584: 583: 575: 573: 567: 566: 564: 563: 555: 553: 546: 543: 542: 540: 539: 531: 529: 524: 521: 520: 516: 515: 500: 499: 496: 495: 490: 484: 483: 470: 464: 463: 453: 446: 445: 437: 436: 431: 425: 424: 419: 413: 412: 407: 401: 400: 395: 389: 388: 385: 381: 380: 376: 375: 367: 366: 363: 362: 360: 350: 349: 343: 342: 339: 338: 333: 328: 321: 320: 315: 310: 306: 305: 302: 301: 293: 292: 286: 283: 282: 274: 273: 267: 263: 262: 259: 258: 250: 249: 243: 240: 239: 231: 230: 224: 220: 219: 216: 215: 209: 208: 202: 199: 198: 186: 185: 179: 173: 172: 169: 168: 162: 161: 155: 152: 151: 145: 144: 138: 132: 131: 128: 127: 121: 120: 114: 111: 110: 104: 103: 97: 91: 90: 85: 80: 76: 75: 65: 64: 46: 42: 41: 38: 30: 29: 25: 24: 21: 20: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 2506: 2495: 2494:Neuropeptides 2492: 2490: 2487: 2486: 2484: 2465: 2462: 2460: 2457: 2455: 2452: 2450: 2447: 2445: 2442: 2440: 2437: 2435: 2432: 2430: 2427: 2425: 2422: 2420: 2417: 2415: 2412: 2410: 2407: 2405: 2402: 2400: 2397: 2395: 2392: 2390: 2387: 2385: 2382: 2380: 2377: 2375: 2372: 2370: 2367: 2365: 2362: 2360: 2357: 2355: 2352: 2351: 2349: 2345: 2339: 2336: 2334: 2331: 2330: 2328: 2326: 2322: 2316: 2313: 2311: 2308: 2306: 2303: 2301: 2298: 2297: 2295: 2291: 2283: 2280: 2278: 2275: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2265: 2263: 2260: 2258: 2255: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2235: 2232: 2230:neuropeptides 2226: 2216: 2213: 2211: 2208: 2206: 2203: 2201: 2198: 2194: 2191: 2190: 2189: 2186: 2184: 2181: 2179: 2176: 2175: 2173: 2169: 2163: 2160: 2158: 2155: 2154: 2152: 2150: 2146: 2140: 2137: 2135: 2132: 2130: 2127: 2126: 2124: 2122: 2118: 2112: 2111:Endomorphin-2 2109: 2107: 2106:Endomorphin-1 2104: 2103: 2101: 2099: 2095: 2089: 2086: 2084: 2081: 2079: 2076: 2074: 2073:Big dynorphin 2071: 2069: 2066: 2062: 2056: 2055: 2054: 2051: 2050: 2048: 2046: 2042: 2039: 2037: 2033: 2029: 2028: 2022: 2018: 2014: 2013:neuropeptides 2010: 2003: 1998: 1996: 1991: 1989: 1984: 1983: 1980: 1972: 1968: 1963: 1960: 1956: 1953: 1952: 1939: 1935: 1931: 1927: 1922: 1917: 1913: 1909: 1905: 1898: 1890: 1886: 1881: 1876: 1872: 1868: 1864: 1860: 1856: 1852: 1848: 1841: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1819: 1815: 1811: 1807: 1803: 1799: 1795: 1791: 1784: 1776: 1772: 1767: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1742: 1738: 1734: 1727: 1719: 1715: 1710: 1705: 1701: 1697: 1692: 1687: 1683: 1679: 1676:(1): e83098. 1675: 1671: 1667: 1660: 1652: 1648: 1644: 1640: 1635: 1630: 1626: 1622: 1621:Endocrinology 1618: 1611: 1603: 1599: 1594: 1589: 1585: 1581: 1577: 1573: 1569: 1565: 1561: 1554: 1546: 1542: 1538: 1534: 1530: 1526: 1523:(3): 806–10. 1522: 1518: 1511: 1503: 1497: 1489: 1485: 1480: 1475: 1470: 1465: 1461: 1457: 1453: 1449: 1445: 1438: 1430: 1424: 1416: 1412: 1408: 1404: 1400: 1396: 1392: 1388: 1384: 1377: 1369: 1365: 1360: 1355: 1351: 1347: 1343: 1339: 1335: 1328: 1320: 1316: 1311: 1306: 1302: 1298: 1297:J. Biol. Chem 1294: 1287: 1279: 1275: 1270: 1265: 1260: 1255: 1251: 1247: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1228: 1220: 1216: 1211: 1206: 1202: 1198: 1197:J. Biol. Chem 1194: 1187: 1179: 1175: 1171: 1167: 1164:(4): 1161–8. 1163: 1159: 1151: 1143: 1139: 1134: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1120:J. Biol. Chem 1117: 1110: 1106: 1096: 1093: 1092: 1086: 1084: 1080: 1076: 1071: 1068: 1063: 1061: 1055: 1053: 1049: 1044: 1042: 1041:estrous cycle 1038: 1037:preoptic area 1033: 1029: 1025: 1024:transcription 1021: 1017: 1013: 1012:neuroblastoma 1009: 999: 997: 993: 989: 985: 980: 978: 973: 969: 965: 962:(PPI) of the 961: 957: 953: 949: 944: 942: 938: 928: 926: 922: 918: 914: 908: 906: 902: 898: 895: 891: 887: 883: 879: 875: 872: 862: 861:contraction. 860: 859:smooth muscle 856: 852: 848: 844: 840: 836: 831: 829: 825: 821: 818: 814: 810: 806: 802: 799: 795: 783: 776: 771: 754: 748: 744: 742: 739: 738: 718: 715: 711: 710: 705: 696: 695: 692: 685: 674: 664: 663: 660: 653: 646: 642: 641: 639: 637: 634: 633: 626: 622: 621: 619: 613: 609: 608: 601: 597: 596: 594: 592: 589: 588: 581: 577: 576: 574: 572: 569: 568: 561: 557: 556: 554: 550: 545: 544: 537: 533: 532: 530: 527: 523: 522: 517: 513: 508: 494: 491: 489: 485: 482: 478: 474: 471: 469: 465: 461: 457: 454: 451: 447: 442: 438: 435: 432: 430: 426: 423: 420: 418: 414: 411: 408: 406: 402: 399: 396: 394: 390: 386: 382: 377: 372: 359: 355: 351: 348: 344: 334: 329: 326: 322: 316: 311: 307: 300: 294: 290: 287: 281: 275: 271: 268: 264: 257: 251: 247: 244: 238: 232: 228: 225: 223:RefSeq (mRNA) 221: 214: 210: 206: 203: 197: 196: 192: 187: 183: 180: 178: 174: 167: 163: 159: 156: 150: 146: 142: 139: 137: 133: 126: 122: 118: 115: 109: 105: 101: 98: 96: 92: 89: 86: 84: 81: 77: 74: 70: 66: 62: 58: 54: 51: 43: 36: 31: 26: 22: 17: 2443: 2439:Neurophysins 2267:Neurokinin B 2262:Neurokinin A 2098:Endomorphins 2024: 1970: 1911: 1907: 1897: 1854: 1850: 1840: 1797: 1793: 1783: 1740: 1736: 1726: 1673: 1669: 1659: 1624: 1620: 1610: 1567: 1563: 1553: 1520: 1516: 1510: 1496:cite journal 1451: 1447: 1437: 1423:cite journal 1390: 1386: 1376: 1341: 1337: 1327: 1300: 1296: 1286: 1241: 1237: 1227: 1200: 1196: 1186: 1161: 1157: 1150: 1123: 1119: 1109: 1072: 1064: 1056: 1045: 1005: 981: 945: 934: 913:neuromedin N 909: 878:neuromedin N 868: 835:hypothalamus 832: 824:vasodilation 820:hypothalamus 801:neuropeptide 793: 792: 519:Identifiers 505:Neurotensin 296: 277: 253: 234: 212: 189: 165: 148: 124: 107: 87: 82: 45:External IDs 2489:Human genes 2444:Neurotensin 2354:Angiotensin 2293:Neuromedins 2282:Physalaemin 2257:Substance P 2251:Tachykinins 2246:Bradykinins 2193:Hemorphin-4 2178:Adrenorphin 2149:Enkephalins 2139:γ-Endorphin 2134:β-Endorphin 2129:α-Endorphin 2068:Dynorphin B 2058:Dynorphin A 2053:Dynorphin A 1955:Neurotensin 1075:methylation 988:hypothermia 968:haloperidol 956:neuroleptic 919:end of the 874:amino acids 794:Neurotensin 707:Properties 429:OPM protein 379:Identifiers 61:- orthologs 28:Identifiers 19:neurotensin 2483:Categories 2273:amphibian 2210:Spinorphin 2200:Nociceptin 2183:Amidorphin 2121:Endorphins 2078:Leumorphin 2045:Dynorphins 1101:References 1083:Leiomyomas 1079:antagonist 1016:cyclic AMP 972:quetiapine 925:amino acid 905:activators 894:amino acid 886:N-terminal 871:C-terminal 847:regulation 798:amino acid 741:Molar mass 645:XHB61LG5QS 591:ChemSpider 580:CHEBI:7542 547:3D model ( 536:39379-15-2 526:CAS Number 456:structures 2384:FMRFamide 2369:Carnosine 2253:: mammal 2215:Valorphin 2205:Opiorphin 2188:Hemorphin 1930:0006-3363 1871:1019-6439 1814:1932-846X 1757:1546-1726 1700:1932-6203 1643:0013-7227 1584:0270-6474 977:clozapine 921:precursor 890:precursor 855:secretion 828:cutaneous 809:prolactin 410:IPR008055 387:Pro-NT_NN 73:Orthologs 50:GeneCards 2359:Bombesin 2277:Kassinin 2027:hormones 2020:Hormones 2009:Peptides 1938:20592307 1889:28498396 1832:29569407 1775:28135243 1718:24416154 1670:PLOS ONE 1651:11416022 1545:41533372 1537:15090966 1488:11427716 1415:15095566 1407:15987829 1368:17000667 1178:11811984 1089:See also 1008:estrogen 948:dopamine 901:sequence 897:peptides 839:amygdala 796:is a 13 625:16133836 600:17290409 473:RCSB PDB 405:InterPro 347:Wikidata 2459:RVD-Hpα 2404:Ghrelin 2389:Galanin 2325:Orexins 1880:5435327 1823:6023781 1766:5735833 1709:3885409 1678:Bibcode 1602:9712639 1593:6792960 1456:Bibcode 1359:2613866 1319:2832414 1278:3472221 1246:Bibcode 1219:1167549 1142:4745447 937:mitogen 775:what is 773: ( 735: 612:PubChem 398:PF07421 177:UniProt 136:Ensembl 79:Species 35:Aliases 2238:Kinins 2171:Others 1961:(MeSH) 1936:  1928:  1887:  1877:  1869:  1830:  1820:  1812:  1773:  1763:  1755:  1716:  1706:  1698:  1649:  1641:  1600:  1590:  1582:  1543:  1535:  1486:  1476:  1413:  1405:  1366:  1356:  1317:  1276:  1269:304902 1266:  1217:  1176:  1140:  884:, the 817:bovine 770:verify 767:  691:SMILES 488:PDBsum 462:  452:  384:Symbol 327:search 325:PubMed 95:Entrez 2347:Other 2228:Other 1541:S2CID 1479:35465 1411:S2CID 659:InChI 571:ChEBI 549:JSmol 88:Mouse 83:Human 2025:see 1934:PMID 1926:ISSN 1885:PMID 1867:ISSN 1828:PMID 1810:ISSN 1771:PMID 1753:ISSN 1714:PMID 1696:ISSN 1647:PMID 1639:ISSN 1598:PMID 1580:ISSN 1533:PMID 1502:link 1484:PMID 1429:link 1403:PMID 1364:PMID 1315:PMID 1274:PMID 1215:PMID 1174:PMID 1138:PMID 990:and 939:for 857:and 841:and 807:and 636:UNII 481:PDBj 477:PDBe 460:ECOD 450:Pfam 434:2oyv 393:Pfam 2464:VGF 2060:1–8 1916:doi 1875:PMC 1859:doi 1818:PMC 1802:doi 1761:PMC 1745:doi 1704:PMC 1686:doi 1629:doi 1625:142 1588:PMC 1572:doi 1525:doi 1474:PMC 1464:doi 1395:doi 1391:315 1354:PMC 1346:doi 1305:doi 1301:263 1264:PMC 1254:doi 1205:doi 1201:250 1166:doi 1162:290 1128:doi 1124:248 725:121 615:CID 468:PDB 422:257 336:n/a 331:n/a 318:n/a 313:n/a 298:n/a 279:n/a 255:n/a 236:n/a 213:n/a 166:n/a 149:n/a 125:n/a 108:n/a 57:OMA 2485:: 2011:: 1969:. 1932:. 1924:. 1912:83 1910:. 1906:. 1883:. 1873:. 1865:. 1855:50 1853:. 1849:. 1826:. 1816:. 1808:. 1798:78 1796:. 1792:. 1769:. 1759:. 1751:. 1741:20 1739:. 1735:. 1712:. 1702:. 1694:. 1684:. 1672:. 1668:. 1645:. 1637:. 1623:. 1619:. 1596:. 1586:. 1578:. 1568:18 1566:. 1562:. 1539:. 1531:. 1521:32 1519:. 1498:}} 1494:{{ 1482:. 1472:. 1462:. 1452:98 1450:. 1446:. 1425:}} 1421:{{ 1409:. 1401:. 1389:. 1385:. 1362:. 1352:. 1342:12 1340:. 1336:. 1313:. 1299:. 1295:. 1272:. 1262:. 1252:. 1242:84 1240:. 1236:. 1213:. 1199:. 1195:. 1172:. 1160:. 1136:. 1122:. 1118:. 1043:. 998:. 943:. 837:, 733:20 729:21 721:78 479:; 475:; 458:/ 55:; 52:: 2338:B 2333:A 2315:U 2310:S 2305:N 2300:B 2001:e 1994:t 1987:v 1973:. 1940:. 1918:: 1891:. 1861:: 1834:. 1804:: 1777:. 1747:: 1720:. 1688:: 1680:: 1674:9 1653:. 1631:: 1604:. 1574:: 1547:. 1527:: 1504:) 1490:. 1466:: 1458:: 1431:) 1417:. 1397:: 1370:. 1348:: 1321:. 1307:: 1280:. 1256:: 1248:: 1221:. 1207:: 1180:. 1168:: 1144:. 1130:: 765:N 731:O 727:N 723:H 719:C 551:) 195:a 191:n 59::

Index

Aliases
GeneCards

OMA
- orthologs
Orthologs
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
n
a
PubMed
Wikidata
View/Edit Human
Pfam
PF07421
InterPro
IPR008055
OPM superfamily
257
OPM protein
2oyv
Pfam
structures
ECOD
PDB
RCSB PDB
PDBe
PDBj
PDBsum

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.