624:
1133:
1145:
1121:
1157:
600:
25:
929:
612:
103:
1089:(cutting away affected tissue) is the mainstay of treatment for necrotizing fasciitis. Early medical treatment is often presumptive; thus, antibiotics should be started as soon as this condition is suspected. Tissue cultures (rather than wound swabs) are taken to determine appropriate antibiotic coverage, and antibiotics may be changed in light of results. Besides blood pressure control and hydration, support should be initiated for those with unstable vital signs and low urine output.
995:. Various scoring systems are being developed to determine the likelihood of getting necrotizing fasciitis, but a scoring system developed by Wong and colleagues in 2004 is the most commonly used. It is the laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis (LRINEC) score, which can be used to stratify by risk those people having signs of severe cellulitis or abscess to determine the likelihood of necrotizing fasciitis being present. It uses six laboratory values:
546:, thus making the diagnosis at early stages difficult. Hardening of the skin and soft tissue and swelling beyond the area of skin changes are commonly present in those with early necrotizing changes. The redness and swelling usually blend into surrounding normal tissues. The overlying skin may appear shiny and tense. Other signs which are more suggestive of necrotizing changes (but present in later stages in 7 to 44% of the cases) are: formation of
906:
914:
1098:
induration. However, cellulitic soft tissues are sometimes spared from debridement for later skin coverage of the wound. More than one operation may be used to remove additional necrotic tissue. In some cases when an extremity is affected by a NSTI, amputation may be the surgical treatment of choice. After the wound debridement, adequate dressings should be applied to prevent exposure of bones,
978:(MRI) are more sensitive modalities than plain radiography. However, both the CT scan and MRI are not sensitive enough to rule out necrotizing changes completely. CT scan may show fascial thickening, edema, subcutaneous gas, and abscess formation. In MRI, when fluid collection with deep fascia involvement occurs, thickening or enhancement with
950:. While a number of laboratory and imaging modalities can raise the suspicion for necrotizing fasciitis, none can rule it out. The gold standard for diagnosis is a surgical exploration in a setting of high suspicion. When in doubt, a small incision can be made into the affected tissue, and if a finger easily separates the tissue along the
1272:"gangrenous erysipelas", "crepitant cellulitis", "gangrenous cellulitis", "Meleney cellulitis", "necrotizing synergistic cellulitis", "hemolytic streptococcal gangrene", "progressive bacterial synergistic gangrene", or "necrotizing abscess". Later, "hospital gangrene" became more commonly used. In 1871
1271:
in the 18th century. At that time, necrotizing soft-tissue infections were known variously as "phagedaenic ulcer" (ulceration that spreads and destroys surrounding tissue), "gangrenous phagedena", "gangrenous ulcer", "malignant ulcer", "putrid ulcer", "fulminating gangrene", "necrotizing erysipelas",
1266:
all over the body while the cause was only a trivial accident. Bones, flesh, and sinew (cord, tendon, or nerve) would fall off from the body and there were many deaths". The first
English description for necrotizing soft-tissue infection was by British surgeon Leonard Gillespie and British physicians
1064:
However, the scoring system has not been validated. The values would be falsely positive if any other inflammatory conditions are present. Therefore, the values derived from this scoring system should be interpreted with caution. About 10% of patients with necrotizing fasciitis in the original study
1109:
For necrotizing infection of the perineal area (Fournier's gangrene), wound debridement and wound care in this area can be difficult because of the excretory products that often render this area dirty and affect the wound-healing process. Therefore, regular dressing changes with a fecal management
1176:
While studies have compared moxifloxacin (a fluoroquinolone) and amoxicillin-clavulanate (a penicillin) and evaluated appropriate duration of treatment (varying from 7 to 21 days), no definitive conclusions on the efficacy of treatment, ideal duration of treatment, or the adverse effects could be
650:
More than 70% of cases are recorded in people with at least one of these clinical situations: immunosuppression, diabetes, alcoholism/drug abuse/smoking, malignancies, and chronic systemic diseases. For reasons that are unclear, it occasionally occurs in people with an apparently normal general
1432:, Canadian science fiction author, contracted the disease. On his blog, Watts reported, "I'm told I was a few hours away from being dead ... If there was ever a disease fit for a science-fiction writer, flesh-eating disease has got to be it. This ... spread across my leg as fast as a
784:
and theta-toxin. Alpha-toxin causes excessive platelet aggregation which blocks blood vessels and deprives the vital organs of oxygen supply. This creates an acidic, oxygen-deficient environment for the proliferation of bacteria. When alpha-toxin is absorbed by soft tissues, it can inhibit the
1226:
Necrotizing fasciitis affects about 0.4 in every 100,000 people per year in the United States. About 1,000 cases of necrotizing fasciitis occur per year in the United States, but the rates have been increasing. This could be due to increasing awareness of this condition, leading to increased
1172:
Empiric antibiotics are usually initiated as soon as the diagnosis of NSTI has been made, and then later changed to culture-guided antibiotic therapy. In the case of NSTIs, empiric antibiotics are broad-spectrum, covering gram-positive (including MRSA), gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria.
919:
918:
915:
1097:
Aggressive wound debridement should be performed early, usually as soon as the diagnosis of necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) is made. Surgical incisions often extend beyond the areas of induration (the hardened tissue) to remove the damaged blood vessels that are responsible for the
1205:: No clear difference between using IVIG and placebo has been shown in the treatment of NSTIs, and one study showed serious adverse effects with IVIG use, including acute kidney injury, allergic reactions, aseptic meningitis syndrome, haemolytic anaemia, thrombi, and transmissible agents.
920:
970:), which is strongly suggestive of necrotizing changes, but it is not sensitive enough to detect all the cases, because necrotizing skin infections caused by bacteria other than clostridial infections usually do not show subcutaneous emphysema. If the diagnosis is still in doubt,
525:
Necrotizing fasciitis occurs in about 4 people per million per year in the U.S., and about 1 per 100,000 in
Western Europe. Both sexes are affected equally. It becomes more common among older people and is rare in children. It has been described at least since the time of
666:
connecting skin to the internal body organs. Skin infections such as abscess and ulcers can also complicate necrotizing fasciitis. Spreading of infection through blood has been suggested for those with streptococcal pharyngitis. For infection of the perineum and genitals
1250:. Prostaglandin has been responsible for fever, inflammation, and pain. The inhibition of prostaglandin E2 production reduces inflammatory response and leukocyte adhesion, and thus reduces immune response against bacterial invasion, giving rise to soft-tissue infection.
982:, necrotizing fasciitis should be strongly suspected. Meanwhile, ultrasonography can show superficial abscess formation, but is not sensitive enough to diagnose necrotizing fasciitis. CT scan is able to detect about 80% of cases, while MRI may pick up slightly more.
917:
745:
species). Populations of those affected are typically older with medical comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus, obesity, and immunodeficiency. Usually, trauma is not the cause of such infections. Previous history of abscess infection or gut perforation with
1211:: One study assessed the efficacy of a new type of treatment that affects the immune response, called AB103. The study showed no difference in mortality with use of this therapy, but it is difficult to draw definitive conclusions due to low-quality evidence.
1964:
2841:
2623:
2237:
Wong, Chin-Ho; Khin, Lay-Wai; Heng, Kien-Seng; Tan, Kok-Chai; Low, Cheng-Ooi (2004). "The LRINEC (Laboratory Risk
Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis) score: A tool for distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections".
1195:
growth, increase the killing ability of white blood cells, inhibit bacterial toxin release, and increase antibiotic efficacy, no high-quality trials have been shown to support or refute the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy in patients with
1465:
2014: Ricky
Bartlett, CBS Radio Morning Host, had his left leg amputated. He got the disease during a trip to Wyoming and South Dakota, USA. He lost his right leg to bone disease (associated with the flesh eating disease he contacted) in
46:
Citation 3 (CDC) is not an academic source. Information supported by this citation appears to be partially or completely incorrect in some places. Review of all content supported by citation 3 and replacement with high-quality sources is
2289:
1421:, contracted the disease. He died of liver failure two years later, on May 2, 2013, and it was speculated that his infection was the cause of death. However, on May 9, 2013, the official cause of death was announced as alcohol-related
662:. Only a few of such cases arise from the chest and abdomen. Trauma is the usual cause of the infection, such as from intravenous drug injection, insulin injection, animal and insect bites, catheter insertion over the skin, or a
697:: This is the most common type of infection, and accounts for 70 to 80% of cases. It is caused by a mixture of bacterial types, usually in abdominal or groin areas. This type of infection is usually caused by various species of
690:
Types of soft-tissue necrotizing infection can be divided into four classes according to the types of bacteria infecting the soft tissue. This classification system was first described by
Giuliano and his colleagues in 1977.
1292:, but also other soft-tissue infection. Despite being disfavored by the medical community, the term "galloping gangrene" is frequently used in sensationalistic news media to refer to outbreaks of necrotizing fasciitis.
805:
can also produce two major toxins: all known virulent strains produce the essential virulence factor lethal toxin (TcsL), and a number also produce haemorrhagic toxin (TcsH). TcsL and TcsH are both members of the
869:, stimulating a massive systemic immune response which is not effective against the bacterial antigen, precipitating shock. Type II infection more commonly affects young, healthy adults with a history of injury.
3065:
3050:
990:
A white blood cell count greater than 15,000 cells/mm and serum sodium level less than 135 mmol/L have a sensitivity of 90% in detecting the necrotizing soft tissue infection. It also has a 99% chance of
1321:
1994: A cluster of cases occurred in
Gloucestershire, in the west of England. Of five confirmed and one probable infection, two died. The cases were believed to be connected. The first two had acquired the
1984:
834:
can progress rapidly after initial injury or infection, and once the state of shock is established, the chance of dying exceeds 50%. Another bacterium associated with similar rapid disease progression is
2833:
1492:
in his lower leg, which became infected. Smith narrowly avoided amputation, and eventually returned to playing professional football in
October 2020. Smith's injury and recovery is the subject of the
1217:: Supportive therapy, often including intravenous hydration, wound care, anticoagulants to prevent thromboembolic events, pain control, etc. should always be provided to patients when appropriate.
916:
2604:
2281:
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transplantation) may not show typical symptoms. Immunocompromised persons also have twice the risk of death from necrotizing infections, so higher suspicion should be maintained in this group.
966:
Imaging has a limited role in the diagnosis of necrotizing fasciitis. The time delay in performing imaging is a major concern. Plain radiography may show subcutaneous emphysema (gas in the
472:. It does not typically spread between people. The disease is classified into four types, depending on the infecting organism. Between 55 and 80% of cases involve more than one type of
2811:
2303:
Su, Yi-Chun; Chen, Hung-Wen; Hong, Yu-Cheng; Chen, Chih-Tsung; Hsiao, Cheng-Ting; Chen, I-Chuan (2008). "Laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis score and the outcomes".
3013:
1326:
bacteria during surgery; the remaining four were community-acquired. The cases generated much newspaper coverage, with lurid headlines such as "Flesh Eating Bug Ate My Face".
2581:
885:, is a rare cause of this infection, which occurs through a break in the skin. Disease progression is similar to type II but sometimes with little visible skin changes.
2947:
623:
1227:
reporting, or bacterial virulence or increasing bacterial resistance against antibiotics. In some areas of the world, it is as common as one in every 100,000 people.
2973:
1352:, contracted the disease in his left leg. He had six operations and later recovered. The condition confined him in his later years to performing comedy from a chair.
3640:
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of blood vessels), presence of gas in tissues, and reduced or absent sensation over the skin (due to the necrosis of the underlying nerves). Rapid progression to
599:
611:
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1132:
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users. Those with clostridial infections typically have severe pain at the wound site, where the wound typically drains foul-smelling blood mixed with
2743:
1456:, spent several months in a hospital after being diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis on his back in early 2014. After recovering, he wrote the album
3430:
2647:
2090:
2834:"Pain of Salvation Frontman Daniel Gildenlöw On Recovering From Flesh-Eating Infection – 'I'm Lucky Compared To So Many Other People In This World'"
2054:
Sarani, Babak; Strong, Michelle; Pascual, Jose; Schwab, C. William (2009). "Necrotizing
Fasciitis: Current Concepts and Review of the Literature".
1445:
revealed in 2022 that she had contracted the disease several weeks after starting at
Cambridge University and that it had almost claimed her life.
1144:
4681:
3168:
2475:
1410:, British journalist and historian, contracted the disease in March after injuring his foot while swimming. His leg was amputated above the knee.
2872:
1065:
still had a LRINEC score <6. A validation study showed that patients with a LRINEC score ≥6 have a higher rate of both death and amputation.
522:. Delays in surgery are associated with a much higher risk of death. Despite high-quality treatment, the risk of death is between 25 and 35%.
425:. It is a severe disease of sudden onset that spreads rapidly. Symptoms usually include red or purple skin in the affected area, severe pain,
2803:
1230:
Higher rates of necrotizing fasciitis are seen in those with obesity or diabetes, and those who are immunocompromised or alcoholic, or have
1120:
3633:
1577:
477:
2706:
4625:
4212:
3720:
2404:
Ballesteros JR, Garcia-Tarriño R, Ríos M, Domingo A, Rodríguez-Roiz JM, Llusa-Pérez M, García-Ramiro S, Soriano-Viladomiu A. (2016).
2152:"What Is the Accuracy of Physical Examination, Imaging, and the LRINEC Score for the Diagnosis of Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection?"
1288:. The term "necrotizing fasciitis" was coined by Wilson in 1952. Its definition has become broader, to include not only infection of
1238:
may increase the rates of necrotizing infections due to the modification of immune response in the body, because NSAIDs inhibit the
2573:
3730:
3626:
992:
1156:
566:
despite antibiotic therapy is another indication of necrotizing fasciitis. Necrotizing changes affecting the groin are known as
4005:
1744:
239:
853:
bacteria, alone or in combination with staphylococcal infections. Both types of bacteria can progress rapidly and manifest as
3944:
1371:
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1387:
1235:
2895:
4573:
3918:
3420:
3161:
2128:
781:
4105:
3303:
2721:
1892:
1019:. A score of 6 or more indicates that necrotizing fasciitis should be seriously considered. The scoring criteria are:
96:
Flesh-eating bacteria, flesh-eating bacteria syndrome, necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI), fasciitis necroticans
4531:
4269:
4128:
4031:
1865:
1571:
69:
2089:
Buchanan, Patrick J.; Mast, Bruce A.; Lottenburg, Lawrence; Kim, Tad; Efron, Philip A.; Ang, Darwin N. (June 2013).
1425:. Hanneman and his family had apparently been unaware of the extent of the condition until shortly before his death.
3939:
3926:
2781:
2697:
4437:
4013:
1191:: While human and animal studies have shown that high oxygen tension in tissues helps to reduce edema, stimulate
836:
538:
Symptoms may include fever, swelling, and complaints of excessive pain. The initial skin changes are similar to
4178:
4000:
3954:
3865:
3855:
3154:
1403:
that his long absence as a columnist had been caused by his contracting the disease while on holiday in France.
2921:
2523:
Cartwright, K.; Logan, M.; McNulty, C.; Harrison, S; George, R.; Efstratiou, A.; McEvoy, M.; Begg, N. (1995).
4671:
4282:
4202:
4148:
3425:
3268:
2665:
1660:"Necrotizing soft tissue infections: Review and current concepts in treatment, systems of care, and outcomes"
682:
The risk of developing necrotizing fasciitis from a wound can be reduced by good wound care and handwashing.
3027:
4666:
4590:
4118:
3959:
3743:
3247:
807:
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849:: This infection accounts for 20 to 30% of cases, mainly involving the extremities. This mainly involves
654:
Necrotizing fasciitis can occur at any part of the body, but it is more commonly seen at the extremities,
4661:
4610:
4231:
4143:
2476:"The Once and Future Scourge: Could common anti-inflammatory drugs allow bacteria to take a deadly turn?"
1458:
1367:
1276:
surgeon Joseph Jones reported 2,642 cases of hospital gangrene with a mortality rate of 46%. In 1883, Dr
2355:
Hua, C; Bosc, R; Sbidian, E; De Prost, N; Hughes, C; Jabre, P; Chosidow, O; Le Cleach, L (31 May 2018).
1341:, contracted the disease. He had seven surgeries in a little more than a week and later fully recovered.
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1200:
975:
2506:
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alpha-toxin. Myonecrotic infections caused by these clostridial species commonly occur in injecting
4427:
4133:
4100:
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of necrotizing fasciitis, showing necrosis (center of image) of the dense connective tissue, i.e.
4558:
4358:
4095:
4070:
3990:
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3318:
1473:, Estonian politician, had his right leg amputated. He got the disease during a trip to Thailand.
1273:
786:
756:
747:
672:
1525:, a rare fungal infection that can resemble necrotizing fasciitis (See type IV NF listing above)
1114:
may be necessary to divert the excretory products to keep the wound at the perineal area clean.
4691:
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4138:
4090:
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3262:
2922:"A timeline of Alex Smith's remarkable comeback – from life-threatening injury to the playoffs"
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709:
335:
251:
51:
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1882:
1855:
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1234:. However, the disease may also occur in young, healthy adults with no underlying illnesses.
768:
703:
2624:"Don Rickles was politically incorrect before it was incorrect. And at 90, he's still going"
1965:"Fasceita necrozantă cervico-toracică: caz clinic și recenzie a literaturii de specialitate"
4620:
4289:
4278:
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3308:
3298:
3221:
3177:
1533:
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854:
762:
465:
311:
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described necrotizing soft tissue infection as a disease where those affected would have "
8:
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967:
843:). Meanwhile, other bacterial infections require two or more days to become symptomatic.
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2006:
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246:
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Typically, the infection enters the body through a break in the skin such as a cut or
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891:: The type IV infection, which accounts for less than 1% of cases, is caused by the
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2018:
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1000:
893:
797:, damage to the integrity of the blood vessels, and suppression of heart function.
723:
445:
291:
206:
127:
1967:[Necrotizing cervical fasciitis: clinical case and review of literature].
1854:
Ralston, Stuart H.; Penman, Ian D.; Strachan, Mark W. J.; Hobson, Richard (2018).
102:
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Hakkarainen, Timo W.; Kopari, Nicole M.; Pham, Tam N.; Evans, Heather L. (2014).
1307:
979:
676:
484:
328:
2974:"E60 Documents NFL QB Alex Smith's Courageous Recovery From Gruesome Leg Injury"
1488:(NFL), contracted the disease after being injured during a game. He suffered an
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2948:"Alex Smith plays in first NFL game since gruesome leg injury in November 2018"
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574:
430:
35:
3059:
2540:
2525:"A cluster of cases of streptococcal necrotizing fasciitis in Gloucestershire"
1823:
1806:
750:
may be elicited. Clostridial infection accounts for 10% of type I infection.
617:
Early symptoms of necrotizing fasciitis. The darker red center is going black.
4650:
4595:
4412:
4308:
4264:
3949:
3748:
3706:
3485:
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2804:"Pain of Salvation To Release 'In The Passing Light Of Day' Album In January"
1980:
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1414:
1407:
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718:
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1941:
1804:
110:
Person with necrotizing fasciitis. The left leg shows extensive redness and
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Paz Maya, S; Dualde Beltrán, D; Lemercier, P; Leiva-Salinas, C (May 2014).
1693:
1522:
1330:
1314:, Canada, who was infected while leader of the federal official opposition
940:
866:
827:
773:
605:
The first symptom of NF. The center is clearly getting darker red (purple).
582:
578:
507:
348:
2648:"Cornell Discusses His Recovery from Necrotizing Fasciitis with Reporters"
2558:
2452:
2007:"TcsL Is an Essential Virulence Factor in Clostridium sordellii ATCC 9714"
1348:, American stand-up comedian, actor, and author, known especially for his
909:
Necrotizing fasciitis producing gas in the soft tissues as seen on CT scan
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system can help to keep the wound at the perineal area clean. Sometimes,
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Early diagnosis is difficult, as the disease often looks early on like a
741:
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2896:"Alex Smith's comeback: Inside the fight to save the QB's leg and life"
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939:, interposed between fat lobules (top-right and bottom-left of image),
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migration of white blood cells from blood vessels into the soft tissue
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1422:
1399:
1397:, British writer and satirist, announced in his Christmas column for
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so that such structures do not dry out and to promote wound healing.
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1737:"Necrotizing Fasciitis: A Rare Disease, Especially for the Healthy"
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111:
2744:"Slayer Guitarist Jeff Hanneman: Official Cause Of Death Revealed"
2673:
1462:, a concept album about his experience during the hospitalization.
4548:
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1016:
993:
ruling out necrotizing changes if the values have shown otherwise
663:
659:
543:
457:
303:
2357:"Interventions for necrotizing soft tissue infections in adults"
1242:-1 and cycloxygenase-2 enzymes which are important in producing
530:. The term "necrotizing fasciitis" first came into use in 1952.
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Infection that results in the death of the body's soft tissue
4471:
4392:
1853:
1493:
1383:
573:
However, those who are immunocompromised (have cancer, use
441:
186:
180:
163:
154:
145:
136:
1962:
1657:
177:
2429:"Necrotising fasciitis, hospital gangrene, and phagedena"
2088:
2053:
429:, and vomiting. The most commonly affected areas are the
215:
192:
174:
160:
2190:
1969:
Revista de
Chirurgie Oro-Maxilo-Facială și Implantologie
1280:
described the necrotizing infection of the perineum and
2191:
Puvanendran, R; Huey, JC; Pasupathy, S (October 2009).
897:
fungus. Risk factors include age and immunodeficiency.
506:. Often, a combination of antibiotics is used, such as
2410:
International Journal of Advanced Joint Reconstruction
2354:
1073:
Necrotizing fasciitis can be partly prevented by good
1963:
Pricop M, Urechescu H, Sîrbu A, Urtilă E (Mar 2011).
1857:
Davidson's Principles and Practice of Medicine E-Book
218:
212:
209:
195:
171:
168:
157:
148:
139:
133:
3032:
2945:
2091:"Candida albicans Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infection"
1138:
Necrotic tissue from the left leg surgically removed
189:
151:
142:
2666:"In Memoriam – Alexandru A. Marin (1945–2005)"
1370:, an experimental particle physicist, professor at
954:plane, the diagnosis is confirmed and an extensive
490:Necrotizing fasciitis may be prevented with proper
183:
130:
2946:Middlehurst-Schwartz, Michael (October 11, 2020).
2696:
1884:Ferri's Clinical Advisor 2014 E-Book: 5 Books in 1
818:called alpha-toxin, though it is unrelated to the
558:(skin turning from red to purple and black due to
3431:Shoulder injury related to vaccine administration
2894:Smith, Elizabeth; Bell, Stephania (May 1, 2020).
2282:"LRINEC scoring system for necrotising fasciitis"
4648:
2047:
1363:, lost his left arm and shoulder to the disease.
2236:
1940:Trent, Jennifer T.; Kirsner, Robert S. (2002).
795:destruction of red blood cells in blood vessels
2406:"Necrotizing soft tissue infections: A review"
2302:
1126:Wound after aggressive acute debridement of NF
483:(MRSA) is involved in up to a third of cases.
3634:
3162:
1452:, Swedish singer and songwriter for the band
2736:
2232:
2230:
2228:
1939:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1807:"Necrotizing fasciitis: an urgent diagnosis"
793:function. The two toxins together can cause
2361:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2056:Journal of the American College of Surgeons
1908:Wilson, B (1952). "Necrotizing fasciitis".
1480:, an American football quarterback for the
924:Necrotizing fasciitis as seen on ultrasound
487:is often helpful to confirm the diagnosis.
4626:Recurrent toxin-mediated perineal erythema
3912:Mycobacterium avium–intracellulare complex
3648:
3641:
3627:
3169:
3155:
2867:[Edgar Savisaar's leg amputated].
2574:"SCIENCE: Vital clues to a mystery killer"
1800:
1798:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1731:
1729:
1727:
1725:
1723:
1653:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1559:
1150:Postsurgical debridement and skin grafting
258:, purple colored skin in the affected area
101:
3721:Cutaneous group B streptococcal infection
3176:
2893:
2548:
2473:
2426:
2380:
2350:
2348:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2225:
2208:
2167:
2149:
2030:
1928:
1887:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 767.
1860:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 227.
1822:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1721:
1719:
1717:
1715:
1713:
1711:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1703:
1683:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1597:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1589:
1587:
1566:. Elsevier Health Sciences. p. 193.
629:Necrotizing fasciitis type III caused by
70:Learn how and when to remove this message
3217:Stenosing tenosynovitis (Trigger finger)
3012:) is being considered for deletion. See
1333:, former agent and partial owner of the
927:
912:
904:
2719:
2650:. NIST. April 13, 2005 . Archived from
2607:. Major League Baseball. Archived from
2605:"Moorad's life changed by rare disease"
1560:Rakel, David; Rakel, Robert E. (2015).
4682:Bacterium-related cutaneous conditions
4649:
2621:
2339:
2004:
1907:
1874:
1759:
1700:
1584:
1417:, guitarist for the thrash metal band
1295:
3945:Rapid growing mycobacterium infection
3622:
3150:
2919:
2778:No Moods, Ads or Cutesy Fucking Icons
2694:
2603:Bloom, Barry M. (September 5, 2009).
2602:
2584:from the original on 14 December 2013
2571:
2150:April, MD; Long, B (13 August 2018).
1880:
1162:After knee disarticulation amputation
1057:Creatinine (umol/L) >141: 2 points
533:
500:surgery to remove the infected tissue
373:Surgery to remove the infected tissue
4124:Human granulocytotropic anaplasmosis
3686:Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
2971:
2862:
2698:"Before I was so rudely interrupted"
18:
4574:Chronic undermining burrowing ulcer
3421:Adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder
2474:Seachrist, Lisa (October 7, 1995).
1177:made due to poor-quality evidence.
13:
2865:"Edgar Savisaare jalg amputeeriti"
2709:from the original on 29 June 2011.
2252:10.1097/01.CCM.0000129486.35458.7D
2121:"UOTW#58 – Ultrasound of the Week"
1747:from the original on 9 August 2016
961:
14:
4703:
4532:Superficial pustular folliculitis
4129:Human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis
3016:to help reach a consensus. ›
2995:
2784:from the original on 20 June 2015
2169:10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.06.029
2131:from the original on 18 July 2016
2068:10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2008.10.032
1318:party, lost a leg to the illness.
1180:
1054:Sodium (mmol/L) <135: 2 points
985:
948:simple superficial skin infection
3940:Primary inoculation tuberculosis
2920:Scott, Allen (January 6, 2021).
2720:Johnson, R. W. (6 August 2009).
2695:Coren, Alan (20 December 2006).
2572:Dixon, Bernard (11 March 1996).
2317:10.1111/j.1445-2197.2008.04713.x
2292:from the original on 2011-09-14.
2286:EMT Emergency Medicine Tutorials
1580:from the original on 2017-09-08.
1300:
1155:
1143:
1131:
1119:
1060:Glucose (mmol/L) >10: 1 point
622:
610:
598:
205:
126:
23:
4438:Gram-negative toe web infection
4014:Group JK corynebacterium sepsis
2965:
2939:
2913:
2887:
2875:from the original on 2016-03-26
2856:
2844:from the original on 2017-01-11
2826:
2814:from the original on 2017-01-12
2796:
2766:
2713:
2688:
2672:. December 2005. Archived from
2658:
2640:
2615:
2596:
2565:
2516:
2467:
2420:
2397:
2296:
2274:
2184:
2143:
2113:
2082:
1998:
1221:
837:group A streptococcal infection
645:
52:check for citation inaccuracies
4179:Ehrlichiosis ewingii infection
4001:Cutaneous diphtheria infection
3955:Tuberculosis cutis orificialis
3866:Borderline tuberculoid leprosy
3856:Borderline lepromatous leprosy
2373:10.1002/14651858.CD011680.pub2
1956:
1901:
1847:
1553:
1167:
679:abscess are the usual causes.
1:
4203:Primary gonococcal dermatitis
4149:Flinders Island spotted fever
3426:Shoulder impingement syndrome
3269:Tenosynovial giant cell tumor
3001:
2863:Mets, Risto (23 March 2015).
2445:10.1016/S0140-6736(94)90574-6
1546:
1438:space disease in time-lapse."
1068:
776:(also known as myonecrosis).
554:which is present before skin
498:. It is usually treated with
4591:Blistering distal dactylitis
4119:Rocky Mountain spotted fever
4007:Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
3960:Tuberculosis verrucosa cutis
3744:Chronic recurrent erysipelas
3248:Synovial osteochondromatosis
2972:Hall, Andy (28 April 2020).
2750:. 2013-05-09. Archived from
2728:. p. 41. Archived from
2622:Heller, Karen (2016-05-25).
2156:Annals of Emergency Medicine
2107:10.1097/SAP.0b013e31823fac60
1676:10.1067/j.cpsurg.2014.06.001
1080:
900:
830:(serosanguinous discharge).
780:produces two deadly toxins:
7:
4611:Blastomycosis-like pyoderma
4232:Chromobacteriosis infection
4144:Mediterranean spotted fever
1664:Current Problems in Surgery
1563:Textbook of Family Medicine
1504:
1459:In the Passing Light of Day
808:large clostridial cytotoxin
685:
10:
4708:
4631:Tick-borne lymphadenopathy
4433:Gram-negative folliculitis
2529:Epidemiology and Infection
1258:In the fifth century BCE,
1253:
1201:Intravenous immunoglobulin
1092:
976:magnetic resonance imaging
4450:
4370:
4349:
4240:
4187:
4048:
4039:
4030:
3983:
3935:Papulonecrotic tuberculid
3920:Mycobacterium haemophilum
3839:
3830:
3798:
3773:
3757:
3704:
3674:
3665:
3656:
3575:
3538:
3531:
3499:
3454:
3409:
3390:
3369:
3360:
3279:
3193:
3184:
3106:
3036:
2541:10.1017/s0950268800058544
2197:Canadian Family Physician
2095:Annals of Plastic Surgery
1824:10.1007/s00256-013-1813-2
1512:Capnocytophaga canimorsus
1232:peripheral artery disease
1023:CRP (mg/L) ≥150: 4 points
802:Paraclostridium sordellii
470:peripheral artery disease
392:
382:
368:
354:
334:
321:
316:peripheral artery disease
285:
270:
262:
245:
233:
118:
109:
100:
92:
87:
4428:Lymphogranuloma venereum
4134:Flea-borne spotted fever
4107:Rickettsia aeschlimannii
4101:American tick bite fever
3811:Erysipeloid of Rosenbach
3726:Streptococcal intertrigo
3466:Iliotibial band syndrome
3014:templates for discussion
2005:Carter, Glen P. (2011).
1498:E60 Presents: Project 11
1486:National Football League
1482:Washington Football Team
1390:, died from the disease.
772:, which typically cause
640:
396:0.7 per 100,000 per year
4559:Trichomycosis axillaris
4096:African tick bite fever
4071:North Asian tick typhus
3991:Cutaneous actinomycosis
3599:Aggressive fibromatosis
3589:Dupuytren's contracture
2193:"Necrotizing fasciitis"
1942:"Necrotizing fasciitis"
1881:Ferri, Fred F. (2013).
1274:Confederate States Army
881:, a bacterium found in
820:Clostridium perfringens
778:Clostridium perfringens
757:Clostridium perfringens
748:bacterial translocation
673:urinary tract infection
444:. Risk factors include
421:of parts of the body's
266:Sudden, spreads rapidly
44:. The reason given is:
4271:Haemophilus influenzae
4215:Pasteurella hemolytica
4139:Japanese spotted fever
4091:Bacillary angiomatosis
4081:Flying squirrel typhus
4076:Queensland tick typhus
3965:Tuberculous cellulitis
3928:Mycobacterium kansasii
3650:Bacterial skin disease
3263:villonodular synovitis
2726:London Review of Books
2305:ANZ Journal of Surgery
2240:Critical Care Medicine
2125:Ultrasound of the Week
2011:Infection and Immunity
1490:open compound fracture
1441:2013: British actress
1361:Nobel Prize in Physics
1324:Streptococcus pyogenes
943:
925:
910:
851:Streptococcus pyogenes
841:Streptococcus pyogenes
814:virulence factor is a
810:(LCC) family. The key
730:Pseudomonas aeruginosa
710:Streptococcus pyogenes
552:bleeding into the skin
478:Methicillin-resistant
336:Differential diagnosis
4586:Elephantiasis nostras
4564:Necrotizing fasciitis
4477:Hospital furunculosis
4159:Brill–Zinsser disease
3790:Dermatitis gangrenosa
3178:Soft tissue disorders
3019:Necrotizing fasciitis
2780:. February 15, 2011.
2774:"The Plastinated Man"
1359:, winner of the 2001
958:should be performed.
931:
923:
908:
769:Clostridium sordellii
754:species involved are
704:Staphylococcus aureus
480:Staphylococcus aureus
403:Necrotizing fasciitis
88:Necrotizing fasciitis
4672:Causes of amputation
4621:Chronic lymphangitis
4290:Hot tub folliculitis
4279:Pseudomonal pyoderma
3906:Miliary tuberculosis
3896:Lichen scrofulosorum
3696:Toxic shock syndrome
3594:Plantar fibromatosis
3222:De Quervain syndrome
2512:on December 2, 2007.
2127:. 7 September 2015.
2023:10.1128/IAI.00968-10
1910:The American Surgeon
1534:Toxic shock syndrome
1382:, and researcher at
1339:Arizona Diamondbacks
1310:, future premier of
1278:Jean-Alfred Fournier
855:toxic shock syndrome
812:Clostridium septicum
763:Clostridium septicum
671:), trauma, surgery,
589:, or prior organ or
466:intravenous drug use
446:poor immune function
417:that results in the
411:flesh-eating disease
312:intravenous drug use
292:Poor immune function
4667:Disorders of fascia
4510:Acute lymphadenitis
4503:Perianal cellulitis
4498:Pyogenic paronychia
4408:Chlamydia infection
4324:Granuloma inguinale
4298:Green nail syndrome
4294:Ecthyma gangrenosum
4169:Cat-scratch disease
3975:Tuberculoid leprosy
3886:Lepromatous leprosy
3733:Streptococcus iniae
3476:Achilles tendinitis
3471:Patellar tendinitis
3242:osteochondromatosis
3229:Transient synovitis
3212:Calcific tendinitis
3028:LRINEC Score Online
2926:The Washington Post
2628:The Washington Post
2439:(8934): 1416–1419.
1296:Society and culture
1267:Gilbert Blaine and
1026:WBC count (×10/mm)
972:computed tomography
968:subcutaneous tissue
733:), and anaerobes, (
327:Based on symptoms,
4662:Bacterial diseases
4554:Pitted keratolysis
4465:Periapical abscess
3876:Erythema induratum
3861:Borderline leprosy
3851:Aquarium granuloma
3377:Ligamentous laxity
3107:External resources
2427:Loudon I. (1994).
1811:Skeletal Radiology
1380:Harvard University
1357:Eric Allin Cornell
1215:Supportive therapy
1043:>13.5: 0 points
1040:Hemoglobin (g/dL)
997:C-reactive protein
980:contrast injection
944:
926:
911:
873:Type III infection
865:, which acts as a
816:pore-forming toxin
534:Signs and symptoms
502:, and intravenous
274:Multiple types of
240:Infectious disease
4644:
4643:
4579:Fournier gangrene
4446:
4445:
4345:
4344:
4286:hot-foot syndrome
4259:Vibrio vulnificus
4026:
4025:
4022:
4021:
3970:Tuberculous gumma
3826:
3825:
3616:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3527:
3526:
3523:
3522:
3436:Rotator cuff tear
3356:
3355:
3348:Calcific bursitis
3144:
3143:
1743:. June 15, 2016.
1540:Vibrio vulnificus
1454:Pain of Salvation
1376:Boston University
1286:Fournier gangrene
1188:Hyperbaric oxygen
1077:and handwashing.
921:
889:Type IV infection
878:Vibrio vulnificus
847:Type II infection
789:, thus impairing
669:Fournier gangrene
632:Vibrio vulnificus
568:Fournier gangrene
413:, is a bacterial
409:), also known as
400:
399:
323:Diagnostic method
82:Medical condition
80:
79:
72:
4699:
4616:Bullous impetigo
4537:Sycosis vulgaris
4351:Campylobacterota
4300:
4046:
4045:
4037:
4036:
3837:
3836:
3672:
3671:
3663:
3662:
3643:
3636:
3629:
3620:
3619:
3536:
3535:
3504:
3459:
3414:
3407:
3406:
3367:
3366:
3191:
3190:
3171:
3164:
3157:
3148:
3147:
3034:
3033:
2989:
2988:
2986:
2984:
2969:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2958:
2943:
2937:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2917:
2911:
2910:
2908:
2906:
2891:
2885:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2851:
2849:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2808:Blabbermouth.net
2800:
2794:
2793:
2791:
2789:
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2748:Blabbermouth.net
2740:
2734:
2733:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2700:
2692:
2686:
2685:
2683:
2681:
2662:
2656:
2655:
2644:
2638:
2637:
2635:
2634:
2619:
2613:
2612:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2569:
2563:
2562:
2552:
2520:
2514:
2513:
2511:
2505:. Archived from
2480:
2471:
2465:
2464:
2424:
2418:
2417:
2401:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2352:
2337:
2336:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2278:
2272:
2271:
2246:(7): 1535–1541.
2234:
2223:
2222:
2212:
2188:
2182:
2181:
2171:
2147:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2117:
2111:
2110:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2051:
2045:
2044:
2034:
2017:(3): 1025–1032.
2002:
1996:
1995:
1993:
1992:
1983:. Archived from
1960:
1954:
1953:
1937:
1926:
1925:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1878:
1872:
1871:
1851:
1845:
1844:
1826:
1802:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1752:
1733:
1698:
1697:
1687:
1655:
1582:
1581:
1557:
1450:Daniel Gildenlöw
1335:San Diego Padres
1248:prostaglandin E2
1159:
1147:
1135:
1123:
1049:<11: 2 points
1046:11–13.5: 1 point
1035:>25: 2 points
1029:<15: 0 points
1001:white blood cell
922:
894:Candida albicans
861:species produce
724:Escherichia coli
695:Type I infection
626:
614:
602:
225:
224:
221:
220:
217:
214:
211:
202:
201:
198:
197:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
173:
170:
166:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
105:
85:
84:
75:
68:
64:
61:
55:
27:
26:
19:
4707:
4706:
4702:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4696:
4647:
4646:
4645:
4640:
4452:
4442:
4366:
4341:
4277:
4236:
4222:Meningococcemia
4183:
4154:Verruga peruana
4061:Epidemic typhus
4018:
3979:
3881:Histoid leprosy
3842:
3822:
3794:
3769:
3760:Corynebacterium
3753:
3700:
3652:
3647:
3617:
3608:
3571:
3519:
3500:
3495:
3455:
3450:
3410:
3400:
3395:
3386:
3362:
3352:
3275:
3186:
3180:
3175:
3145:
3140:
3139:
3102:
3101:
3045:
3017:
2998:
2993:
2992:
2982:
2980:
2978:ESPN Press Room
2970:
2966:
2956:
2954:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2918:
2914:
2904:
2902:
2892:
2888:
2878:
2876:
2871:(in Estonian).
2869:Tartu Postimees
2861:
2857:
2847:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2802:
2801:
2797:
2787:
2785:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2742:
2741:
2737:
2718:
2714:
2693:
2689:
2679:
2677:
2664:
2663:
2659:
2646:
2645:
2641:
2632:
2630:
2620:
2616:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2578:The Independent
2570:
2566:
2521:
2517:
2509:
2495:10.2307/4018245
2478:
2472:
2468:
2425:
2421:
2402:
2398:
2367:(5): CD011680.
2353:
2340:
2311:(11): 968–972.
2301:
2297:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2235:
2226:
2203:(10): 981–987.
2189:
2185:
2148:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2119:
2118:
2114:
2087:
2083:
2052:
2048:
2003:
1999:
1990:
1988:
1971:(in Romanian).
1961:
1957:
1938:
1929:
1906:
1902:
1895:
1879:
1875:
1868:
1852:
1848:
1803:
1760:
1750:
1748:
1735:
1734:
1701:
1656:
1585:
1574:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1507:
1368:Alexandru Marin
1308:Lucien Bouchard
1303:
1298:
1256:
1224:
1183:
1170:
1163:
1160:
1151:
1148:
1139:
1136:
1127:
1124:
1095:
1083:
1071:
988:
974:(CT) scans and
964:
962:Medical imaging
913:
903:
688:
677:Bartholin gland
648:
643:
636:
627:
618:
615:
606:
603:
536:
485:Medical imaging
329:medical imaging
229:
208:
204:
167:
129:
125:
83:
76:
65:
59:
56:
49:
28:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4705:
4695:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4679:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4638:
4636:Tropical ulcer
4633:
4628:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4603:
4598:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4566:
4561:
4556:
4551:
4546:
4541:
4540:
4539:
4534:
4523:
4522:
4517:
4515:Pilonidal cyst
4512:
4507:
4506:
4505:
4500:
4486:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4469:
4468:
4467:
4456:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4441:
4440:
4435:
4430:
4425:
4420:
4418:Rat-bite fever
4415:
4410:
4405:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4374:
4372:
4368:
4367:
4365:
4364:
4355:
4353:
4347:
4346:
4343:
4342:
4340:
4339:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4316:
4311:
4306:
4301:
4275:
4267:
4262:
4255:
4250:
4248:Pasteurellosis
4244:
4242:
4238:
4237:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4210:
4205:
4191:
4189:
4185:
4184:
4182:
4181:
4176:
4171:
4166:
4161:
4156:
4151:
4146:
4141:
4136:
4131:
4126:
4121:
4116:
4114:Rickettsialpox
4111:
4103:
4098:
4093:
4088:
4083:
4078:
4073:
4068:
4063:
4058:
4056:Endemic typhus
4052:
4050:
4043:
4041:Pseudomonadota
4034:
4028:
4027:
4024:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3987:
3985:
3981:
3980:
3978:
3977:
3972:
3967:
3962:
3957:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3924:
3916:
3908:
3903:
3901:Lupus vulgaris
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3847:
3845:
3841:Mycobacterium-
3834:
3832:Actinomycetota
3828:
3827:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3813:
3808:
3802:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3793:
3792:
3787:
3781:
3779:
3771:
3770:
3765:
3763:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3751:
3746:
3737:
3728:
3723:
3718:
3712:
3710:
3702:
3701:
3699:
3698:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3677:Staphylococcus
3669:
3660:
3654:
3653:
3646:
3645:
3638:
3631:
3623:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3573:
3572:
3570:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3554:
3544:
3542:
3533:
3529:
3528:
3525:
3524:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3507:
3505:
3502:other/general:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3481:Calcaneal spur
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3443:
3441:Golfer's elbow
3438:
3433:
3428:
3423:
3417:
3415:
3404:
3388:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3373:
3371:
3364:
3358:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3345:
3344:
3343:
3333:
3332:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3319:Retrocalcaneal
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3285:
3283:
3277:
3276:
3274:
3273:
3272:
3271:
3258:
3257:
3255:Plica syndrome
3252:
3251:
3250:
3237:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3225:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3199:
3197:
3188:
3182:
3181:
3174:
3173:
3166:
3159:
3151:
3142:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3123:
3111:
3110:
3108:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3099:
3088:
3077:
3062:
3046:
3041:
3040:
3038:
3037:Classification
3031:
3030:
3025:
2997:
2996:External links
2994:
2991:
2990:
2964:
2938:
2912:
2886:
2855:
2825:
2810:. 2016-11-10.
2795:
2765:
2754:on 7 June 2013
2735:
2732:on 2009-08-03.
2712:
2687:
2657:
2654:on 2009-08-25.
2639:
2614:
2611:on 2009-09-08.
2595:
2564:
2535:(3): 387–397.
2515:
2489:(15): 234–35.
2466:
2419:
2396:
2338:
2295:
2273:
2224:
2183:
2142:
2112:
2101:(6): 739–741.
2081:
2062:(2): 279–288.
2046:
1997:
1955:
1927:
1916:(4): 416–431.
1900:
1894:978-0323084314
1893:
1873:
1866:
1846:
1817:(5): 577–589.
1758:
1699:
1670:(8): 344–362.
1583:
1572:
1551:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1543:
1536:
1531:
1529:Noma (disease)
1526:
1520:
1515:
1506:
1503:
1502:
1501:
1474:
1471:Edgar Savisaar
1467:
1463:
1446:
1443:Georgie Henley
1439:
1426:
1411:
1404:
1391:
1364:
1353:
1342:
1327:
1319:
1316:Bloc Québécois
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1269:Thomas Trotter
1255:
1252:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1197:
1182:
1181:Add-on therapy
1179:
1169:
1166:
1165:
1164:
1161:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1142:
1140:
1137:
1130:
1128:
1125:
1118:
1094:
1091:
1082:
1079:
1070:
1067:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1033:
1032:15–25: 1 point
1030:
1024:
987:
986:Scoring system
984:
963:
960:
902:
899:
687:
684:
675:, stones, and
647:
644:
642:
639:
638:
637:
628:
621:
619:
616:
609:
607:
604:
597:
575:corticosteroid
535:
532:
398:
397:
394:
390:
389:
388:~30% mortality
386:
380:
379:
375:, intravenous
370:
366:
365:
356:
352:
351:
338:
332:
331:
325:
319:
318:
289:
283:
282:
272:
268:
267:
264:
260:
259:
249:
243:
242:
237:
231:
230:
228:
227:
122:
120:
116:
115:
107:
106:
98:
97:
94:
90:
89:
81:
78:
77:
31:
29:
22:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4704:
4693:
4692:Rare diseases
4690:
4688:
4685:
4683:
4680:
4678:
4677:Inflammations
4675:
4673:
4670:
4668:
4665:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4654:
4652:
4637:
4634:
4632:
4629:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4597:
4596:Botryomycosis
4594:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4584:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4571:
4570:
4567:
4565:
4562:
4560:
4557:
4555:
4552:
4550:
4547:
4545:
4542:
4538:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:
4528:
4525:
4524:
4521:
4518:
4516:
4513:
4511:
4508:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4495:
4492:
4491:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4478:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4472:Boil/furuncle
4470:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4461:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4449:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4413:Leptospirosis
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4375:
4373:
4369:
4363:
4361:
4357:
4356:
4354:
4352:
4348:
4338:
4336:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4309:Salmonellosis
4307:
4305:
4302:
4299:
4295:
4291:
4287:
4285:
4280:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4268:
4266:
4265:Rhinoscleroma
4263:
4261:
4260:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4216:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4200:
4196:
4193:
4192:
4190:
4186:
4180:
4177:
4175:
4172:
4170:
4167:
4165:
4162:
4160:
4157:
4155:
4152:
4150:
4147:
4145:
4142:
4140:
4137:
4135:
4132:
4130:
4127:
4125:
4122:
4120:
4117:
4115:
4112:
4110:
4108:
4104:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4084:
4082:
4079:
4077:
4074:
4072:
4069:
4067:
4064:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4051:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4038:
4035:
4033:
4029:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4008:
4004:
4002:
3999:
3997:
3994:
3992:
3989:
3988:
3986:
3982:
3976:
3973:
3971:
3968:
3966:
3963:
3961:
3958:
3956:
3953:
3951:
3950:Scrofuloderma
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3929:
3925:
3923:
3921:
3917:
3915:
3913:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3829:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3797:
3791:
3788:
3786:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3768:
3764:
3762:
3761:
3756:
3750:
3749:Scarlet fever
3747:
3745:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3734:
3729:
3727:
3724:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3709:
3708:
3707:Streptococcus
3703:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3684:
3683:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3644:
3639:
3637:
3632:
3630:
3625:
3624:
3621:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3565:
3563:
3560:
3558:
3555:
3553:
3549:
3546:
3545:
3543:
3541:
3537:
3534:
3530:
3516:
3512:
3509:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3498:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3486:Metatarsalgia
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3453:
3447:
3444:
3442:
3439:
3437:
3434:
3432:
3429:
3427:
3424:
3422:
3419:
3418:
3416:
3413:
3408:
3405:
3403:
3398:
3393:
3389:
3383:
3382:Hypermobility
3380:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3359:
3349:
3346:
3342:
3339:
3338:
3337:
3336:Synovial cyst
3334:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3270:
3267:
3266:
3265:
3264:
3260:
3259:
3256:
3253:
3249:
3246:
3245:
3244:
3243:
3239:
3238:
3235:
3234:Ganglion cyst
3232:
3230:
3227:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3209:
3208:
3207:Tenosynovitis
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3183:
3179:
3172:
3167:
3165:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3152:
3149:
3136:
3133:
3129:
3128:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3117:
3113:
3112:
3109:
3105:
3098:
3094:
3093:
3089:
3087:
3083:
3082:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3071:
3067:
3063:
3061:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3048:
3047:
3044:
3039:
3035:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3011:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2979:
2975:
2968:
2953:
2949:
2942:
2927:
2923:
2916:
2901:
2897:
2890:
2874:
2870:
2866:
2859:
2843:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2799:
2783:
2779:
2775:
2769:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2739:
2731:
2727:
2723:
2716:
2708:
2704:
2699:
2691:
2676:on 2007-05-06
2675:
2671:
2667:
2661:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2629:
2625:
2618:
2610:
2606:
2599:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2568:
2560:
2556:
2551:
2546:
2542:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2519:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2484:
2477:
2470:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
2438:
2434:
2430:
2423:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2400:
2392:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2291:
2287:
2283:
2277:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2257:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2220:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2187:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2146:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2116:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2077:
2073:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2050:
2042:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2001:
1987:on 2016-03-22
1986:
1982:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1966:
1959:
1952:(8): 284–292.
1951:
1947:
1943:
1936:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1904:
1896:
1890:
1886:
1885:
1877:
1869:
1867:9780702070266
1863:
1859:
1858:
1850:
1842:
1838:
1834:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1779:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1771:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1763:
1746:
1742:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1728:
1726:
1724:
1722:
1720:
1718:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1706:
1704:
1695:
1691:
1686:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1644:
1642:
1640:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1632:
1630:
1628:
1626:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1616:
1614:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1604:
1602:
1600:
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1579:
1575:
1573:9780323313087
1569:
1565:
1564:
1556:
1552:
1542:
1541:
1537:
1535:
1532:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1513:
1509:
1508:
1499:
1495:
1491:
1487:
1483:
1479:
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1437:
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1431:
1427:
1424:
1420:
1416:
1415:Jeff Hanneman
1412:
1409:
1408:R. W. Johnson
1405:
1402:
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1396:
1392:
1389:
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1317:
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1309:
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1304:
1301:Notable cases
1293:
1291:
1287:
1284:, now called
1283:
1279:
1275:
1270:
1265:
1261:
1251:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1240:cycloxygenase
1237:
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942:
941:H&E stain
938:
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930:
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898:
896:
895:
890:
886:
884:
880:
879:
874:
870:
868:
864:
860:
859:Streptococcus
856:
852:
848:
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838:
833:
829:
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813:
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759:
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753:
749:
744:
743:
738:
737:
732:
731:
726:
725:
720:
719:Gram-negative
716:
712:
711:
706:
705:
700:
699:Gram-positive
696:
692:
683:
680:
678:
674:
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665:
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634:
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459:
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448:such as from
447:
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294:such as from
293:
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278:, occasional
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257:
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124:
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121:
119:Pronunciation
117:
113:
108:
104:
99:
95:
91:
86:
74:
71:
63:
53:
48:
43:
41:
37:
32:This article
30:
21:
20:
4601:Malakoplakia
4563:
4527:Folliculitis
4451:Unspecified
4423:Lyme disease
4360:Helicobacter
4359:
4334:
4283:
4270:
4257:
4214:
4195:Gonococcemia
4106:
4086:Trench fever
4066:Scrub typhus
4006:
3927:
3919:
3911:
3871:Buruli ulcer
3840:
3815:
3785:Gas gangrene
3774:
3758:
3732:
3705:
3675:
3604:Knuckle pads
3577:Fibromatosis
3567:Eosinophilic
3561:
3501:
3456:
3446:Tennis elbow
3411:
3402:Tendinopathy
3392:Enthesopathy
3341:Baker's cyst
3304:Trochanteric
3261:
3240:
3195:Synoviopathy
3125:
3114:
3090:
3079:
3064:
3049:
3007:
2981:. Retrieved
2977:
2967:
2955:. Retrieved
2951:
2941:
2929:. Retrieved
2925:
2915:
2903:. Retrieved
2899:
2889:
2877:. Retrieved
2868:
2858:
2846:. Retrieved
2837:
2828:
2816:. Retrieved
2807:
2798:
2786:. Retrieved
2777:
2768:
2756:. Retrieved
2752:the original
2747:
2738:
2730:the original
2725:
2715:
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2690:
2678:. Retrieved
2674:the original
2669:
2660:
2652:the original
2642:
2631:. Retrieved
2627:
2617:
2609:the original
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2577:
2567:
2532:
2528:
2518:
2507:the original
2486:
2483:Science News
2482:
2469:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2413:
2409:
2399:
2364:
2360:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2285:
2276:
2243:
2239:
2200:
2196:
2186:
2162:(1): 22–24.
2159:
2155:
2145:
2133:. Retrieved
2124:
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2098:
2094:
2084:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2014:
2010:
2000:
1989:. Retrieved
1985:the original
1972:
1968:
1958:
1949:
1945:
1913:
1909:
1903:
1883:
1876:
1856:
1849:
1814:
1810:
1749:. Retrieved
1740:
1667:
1663:
1562:
1555:
1538:
1523:Mucormycosis
1510:
1497:
1496:documentary
1457:
1433:
1398:
1331:Ken Kendrick
1323:
1257:
1229:
1225:
1222:Epidemiology
1214:
1208:
1199:
1186:
1175:
1171:
1108:
1096:
1084:
1072:
1063:
1015:, and blood
989:
965:
945:
892:
888:
887:
876:
872:
871:
867:superantigen
858:
850:
846:
845:
840:
819:
811:
800:
799:
777:
774:gas gangrene
767:
761:
755:
751:
740:
734:
728:
722:
708:
702:
694:
693:
689:
681:
653:
649:
646:Risk factors
630:
583:chemotherapy
579:radiotherapy
572:
537:
524:
508:penicillin G
489:
479:
439:
410:
406:
402:
401:
349:gas gangrene
287:Risk factors
112:tissue death
66:
57:
45:
38:that do not
34:may contain
33:
4606:Pyomyositis
4314:Shigellosis
4284:Pseudomonas
4208:Melioidosis
4174:Oroya fever
4164:Brucellosis
3996:Nocardiosis
3806:Listeriosis
3776:Clostridium
3581:contracture
3562:Necrotizing
3540:Fasciopathy
3361:Noncapsular
3309:Subacromial
3299:Prepatellar
3116:MedlinePlus
3002:‹ The
2838:Brave Words
2670:ATLAS eNews
1430:Peter Watts
1346:Don Rickles
1260:Hippocrates
1244:thromboxane
1168:Antibiotics
1087:debridement
956:debridement
782:alpha-toxin
752:Clostridium
742:Clostridium
736:Bacteroides
715:enterococci
651:condition.
591:bone marrow
528:Hippocrates
512:clindamycin
504:antibiotics
496:handwashing
423:soft tissue
377:antibiotics
363:handwashing
345:pyomyositis
263:Usual onset
252:Severe pain
93:Other names
4651:Categories
4494:Paronychia
4489:Cellulitis
4362:cellulitis
4273:cellulitis
4213:Cutaneous
3817:Mycoplasma
3767:Erythrasma
3740:Erysipelas
3731:Cutaneous
3515:Tendinosis
3511:Tendinitis
3457:lower limb
3412:upper limb
3397:Enthesitis
3281:Bursopathy
3092:DiseasesDB
2680:5 November
2633:2019-12-05
2433:The Lancet
1991:2016-04-07
1975:(1): 1–6.
1547:References
1478:Alex Smith
1395:Alan Coren
1264:erysipelas
1193:fibroblast
1075:wound care
1069:Prevention
1013:creatinine
1005:hemoglobin
933:Micrograph
560:thrombosis
540:cellulitis
520:gentamicin
516:vancomycin
492:wound care
462:alcoholism
359:Wound care
355:Prevention
341:Cellulitis
308:alcoholism
47:necessary.
4484:Carbuncle
4337:infection
4335:Aeromonas
4329:Chancroid
4253:Tularemia
4217:infection
4199:Gonorrhea
4109:infection
4009:infection
3930:infection
3922:infection
3914:infection
3735:infection
3667:Bacillota
3548:Fasciitis
3491:Bone spur
3329:Iliopsoas
3294:Olecranon
3203:Synovitis
3132:emerg/332
3127:eMedicine
2952:USA Today
2703:The Times
1981:2069-3850
1751:13 August
1435:Star Trek
1423:cirrhosis
1400:The Times
1112:colostomy
1104:cartilage
1085:Surgical
1081:Treatment
901:Diagnosis
883:saltwater
863:M protein
791:phagocyte
415:infection
393:Frequency
384:Prognosis
369:Treatment
235:Specialty
60:July 2024
36:citations
4687:Necrosis
4657:Gangrene
4569:Gangrene
4520:Pyoderma
4453:pathogen
4383:Syphilis
4378:Syphilid
4227:Glanders
4032:Gram -ve
3716:Impetigo
3691:Impetigo
3658:Gram +ve
3532:Nonjoint
3370:Symptoms
3314:Achilles
3289:Bursitis
3185:Capsular
3135:derm/743
3004:template
2873:Archived
2842:Archived
2812:Archived
2782:Archived
2707:Archived
2582:Archived
2461:38589136
2391:29851032
2333:10467377
2325:18959694
2290:Archived
2268:15126133
2260:15241098
2219:19826154
2178:30115465
2129:Archived
2076:19228540
2041:21199912
1922:14915014
1833:24469151
1745:Archived
1694:25069713
1578:Archived
1518:Gangrene
1505:See also
999:, total
839:(mostly
721:rods, (
701:cocci, (
686:Bacteria
660:genitals
656:perineum
587:HIV/AIDS
556:necrosis
474:bacteria
450:diabetes
435:perineum
296:diabetes
276:bacteria
247:Symptoms
42:the text
4549:Ecthyma
4460:Abscess
4388:Chancre
4304:Q fever
3891:Leprosy
3843:related
3557:Nodular
3552:Plantar
3324:Ischial
3086:D019115
3006:below (
2983:18 July
2957:18 July
2931:18 July
2905:18 July
2879:18 July
2848:18 July
2818:18 July
2788:19 June
2722:"Diary"
2559:8557070
2550:2271581
2503:4018245
2453:7968080
2416:(1): 9.
2382:6494525
2210:2762295
2032:3067498
1841:9705500
1685:4199388
1484:of the
1282:scrotum
1254:History
1100:tendons
1093:Surgery
1017:glucose
1003:count,
952:fascial
664:fistula
544:abscess
458:obesity
304:obesity
50:Please
4544:Pimple
4319:Plague
3984:Others
3799:Others
3121:001443
3075:728.86
3023:Curlie
3009:Curlie
2758:10 May
2588:28 May
2557:
2547:
2501:
2459:
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2331:
2323:
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2135:27 May
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1946:Wounds
1920:
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1570:
1476:2018:
1469:2015:
1448:2014:
1428:2011:
1419:Slayer
1413:2011:
1406:2009:
1393:2006:
1378:, and
1366:2005:
1355:2004:
1344:2004:
1329:1997:
1312:Québec
1306:1994:
1290:fascia
1236:NSAIDs
1203:(IVIG)
1196:NSTIs.
1102:, and
1009:sodium
937:fascia
824:heroin
766:, and
713:, and
658:, and
548:bullae
518:, and
468:, and
454:cancer
300:cancer
280:fungus
271:Causes
226:
40:verify
4403:Bejel
4398:Pinta
4371:Other
4241:Gamma
4049:Alpha
3363:joint
3187:joint
3097:31119
3060:M72.6
2510:(PDF)
2499:JSTOR
2479:(PDF)
2457:S2CID
2329:S2CID
2264:S2CID
1837:S2CID
1466:2022.
1209:AB103
832:Shock
828:serum
641:Cause
577:, on
564:shock
514:, IV
431:limbs
427:fever
419:death
256:fever
4393:Yaws
4188:Beta
3081:MeSH
3070:9-CM
2985:2024
2959:2024
2933:2024
2907:2024
2900:ESPN
2881:2024
2850:2024
2820:2024
2790:2015
2760:2013
2682:2007
2590:2013
2555:PMID
2449:PMID
2387:PMID
2365:2018
2321:PMID
2256:PMID
2215:PMID
2174:PMID
2137:2017
2072:PMID
2037:PMID
1977:ISSN
1918:PMID
1889:ISBN
1862:ISBN
1829:PMID
1753:2016
1690:PMID
1568:ISBN
1494:ESPN
1388:JINR
1386:and
1384:CERN
1337:and
1246:and
739:and
494:and
442:burn
433:and
3066:ICD
3051:ICD
3021:at
2545:PMC
2537:doi
2533:115
2491:doi
2487:148
2441:doi
2437:344
2377:PMC
2369:doi
2313:doi
2248:doi
2205:PMC
2164:doi
2103:doi
2064:doi
2060:208
2027:PMC
2019:doi
1819:doi
1741:CDC
1680:PMC
1672:doi
1372:MIT
717:),
542:or
452:or
298:or
203:or
4653::
4496:/
4296:/
4292:/
4288:/
4281:/
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