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To give a further example, the system of
Chomsky and Halle defines the class of voiceless stops by the specification of two binary features: and . Any sound with both the feature (not able to be pronounced continuously) and the feature (not pronounced with vibration of the vocal cords) is included
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having the features or . This means that all sounds with either the feature (able to be lengthened in pronunciation) or (pronounced with vibration of the vocal cords) are excluded from the class. This excludes all natural classes of sounds besides voiceless stops. For instance, it excludes
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Voiceless stops also have other, redundant, features, such as and . These are not relevant to the description of the class and are unnecessary, since the features and already include all voiceless stops and exclude all other sounds.
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voiceless fricatives, which have the feature , voiced stops, which have the feature , and
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in
American Standard English. This class is one of several other classes, including the
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It is expected that members of a natural class will behave similarly in the same
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in the class, thus specifying all and only the voiceless stops.
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Classes are defined by distinctive features having reference to
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Set of sounds in a language sharing certain distinctive features
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39:. A natural class is determined by participation in shared
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Glossary of linguistic terms: What is a natural class?
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117:By implication, the class is also described as
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212:Chomsky, Noam; Halle, Morris (1991-01-01).
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98:stops (/b/, /d/, and /g/), voiceless
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161:English Phonology: An Introduction
158:Giegerich, Heinz J. (1992-10-15).
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102:(/f/, /θ/, /s/, /ʃ/, and /h/),
59:phonetic properties, including
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185:Jakobson, Roman (2002-01-01).
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164:. Cambridge University Press.
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215:The Sound Pattern of English
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61:manners of articulation
87:is a natural class of
65:places of articulation
41:phonological processes
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188:Phonological Studies
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37:distinctive features
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53:articulatory
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27:is a set of
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73:continuance
145:References
100:fricatives
258:Phonology
104:sonorants
89:voiceless
21:phonology
252:Category
57:acoustic
47:Overview
33:language
29:phonemes
124:liquids
69:voicing
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128:vowels
108:vowels
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96:voiced
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31:in a
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