512:
468:. Sōseki began his life as an unwanted child, born to his mother late in her life, forty years old and his father then fifty-three. When he was born, he already had five siblings. Having five children and a toddler had created family insecurity and was in some ways a disgrace to the Natsume family. A childless couple, Shiobara Masanosuke and his wife, adopted him in 1868 and raised him until the age of nine, when the couple divorced. He returned to his biological family and was welcomed by his mother although regarded as a nuisance by his father. His mother died when he was fourteen, and his two eldest brothers died in 1887, intensifying his sense of insecurity.
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its completion in 1917. Sōseki's diary was also on display during the exhibition. In June 2019, retired professor Ikuo
Tsunematsu reopened the Sōseki Museum, in Surrey, dedicated to the writer's life in the United Kingdom. The museum originally opened in 1982 in London, but closed in 2016 due to high maintenance costs and a decreased rate of attendance. The collection includes over 10,000 items including works in translation, collected books and magazines from Sōseki's stay in London, and census records.
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In 2017, as part of the 150-year commemoration of Sōseki's birth, the Asahi Beer
Oyamazaki Villa Museum of Art displayed the letter Sōseki had written suggesting names for the villa itself. Sōseki had been on good terms with the owner, Shotaro Kaga, who asked him to name the house. Sōseki died before
794:
In South Korea, the complete collection of Sōseki's long works began to be published in 2013. In
English-speaking countries there has been a succession of English translations since 2008. About 60 of his works have been translated into more than 30 languages. Reasons for this emergence of global
479:, and fancied that he might someday become a writer. His desire to become an author arose when he was about fifteen when he told his older brother about his interest in literature. However, his family disapproved strongly of this course of action, and when Sōseki entered the
483:
in
September 1884, it was with the intention of becoming an architect. Although he preferred Chinese classics, he started studying English at that time, feeling that it might prove useful to him in his future career, as English was a necessity in Japanese college.
604:), and who also spoke fluent French, much to his admiration. The Leales were a Channel Island family, and Priscilla had been born in France. The sisters worried about Sōseki's incipient paranoia and successfully urged him to get out more and take up cycling.
584:, West Hampstead; 6 Flodden Road, Camberwell; and 81 The Chase, Clapham (see the photograph). Only the last of these addresses, where he lodged with Priscilla Leale and her sister Elizabeth, proved satisfactory. Five years later, in his preface to
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491:, a friend who would give him encouragement on the path to becoming a writer, which would ultimately be his career. Shiki tutored him in the art of composing haiku. From this point on, he began signing his poems with the
498:, a Chinese idiom meaning "stubborn". In 1890, he entered the English Literature department, and quickly mastered the English language. In 1891 he produced a partial English translation of the classical work
533:. Along with fulfilling his teaching duties, Sōseki published haiku and Chinese poetry in a number of newspapers and periodicals. He resigned his post in 1896, and began teaching at the Fifth High School in
2161:
825:, voiced the 130 cm figure which depicted Sōseki at age 45. The robot gave lectures and recitations of Sōseki's works at the university, as a way to engage students' interest in literature.
856:, a character is named and based around Sōseki. In homage to his novel of the same name, Sōseki's character uses the ability 'I Am a Cat' which allows him to transform into a calico cat.
607:
Despite his poverty, loneliness, and mental torment, he consolidated his knowledge of
English literature during this period and left the United Kingdom in December 1902, returning to the
918:
838:, where he is charged with stabbing a woman in the back during his stay in London, and defended by the protagonist. In the game, he has a pet cat called Wagahai, a reference to
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1970:
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argued that "Soseki predicted the problems we are facing today had a long-term view of civilization," suggesting that "is popularity will become more global in the future".
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The two years I spent in London were the most unpleasant years in my life. Among
English gentlemen I lived in misery, like a poor dog that had strayed among a pack of wolves.
565:
and stayed a night there, but gave up the idea of studying at the university because he could not afford it on his government scholarship. He studied instead at
850:, where he is further charged with a man's poisoning in London, as well as appearing as a witness to a murder that occurs in Japan. In the manga and anime
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in Japan, having sold over seven million copies in the country as of 2016. From 1984 until 2004, his portrait appeared on the front of the
Japanese
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He got along well with
Priscilla, who shared his love of literature, notably Shakespeare and Milton (his tutor at UCL was the Shakespeare scholar
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689:("Grass Pillow") in 1906, which established his reputation, and which enabled him to leave his post at the university for a position with
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In 1900, the
Japanese government sent Sōseki to study in Great Britain as "Japan's first Japanese English literary scholar". He visited
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508:. Sōseki graduated in 1893, and enrolled for some time as a graduate student and part-time teacher at the Tokyo Normal School.
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Major themes in Sōseki's works include economic hardship, conflicts between duty and desire, and the rapid
Westernization and
573:, spending most of his days indoors buried in books, and his friends feared that he might be losing his mind. He also visited
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in January 1903. In April he was appointed to the First National College in Tokyo. Also, he was given the lectureship in
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Gouranga, Pradhan (2019). "Natsume Sōseki's English Translation of Hōjōki : Characteristics and Strategies".
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A History of Japanese Literature, Vol. 3: Dawn to the West – Japanese Literature of the Modern Era (Fiction)
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Reflections in a Glass Door: Memory and Melancholy in the Personal Writings of Natsume Soseki
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has been newly published in 10 languages, such as Arabic, Slovenian and Dutch, since 2001.
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in 1907, and to begin writing full-time. Much of his work deals with the relation between
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who said Sōseki was his favorite Japanese writer. Political scientist and principal of
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In the 21st century, there has been a global emergence of interest in Sōseki. Sōseki's
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2034:"Meiji-Taisho Era novelist Natsume becoming trendy across the world 100 years later"
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818:
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703:. His early works in particular are influenced by his studies in London; his novel
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1995:
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He lived in four different lodgings: 76 Gower Street, near the British Museum; 85
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2187:"Museum Chronicling Novelist Natsume Soseki's Life in U.K. Begins New Chapter"
1951:
437:) Natsume Kohē Naokatsu and his wife Chie. His father, a powerful and wealthy
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Suicidal Honor: General Nogi and the Writings of Mori Ogai and Natsume Sōseki
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Sōseki's literary career began in 1903, when he began to contribute haiku,
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in Scotland, where he lodged with John Henry Dixon at the Dundarach Hotel.
442:
2601:
2082:日本で最も売れている文庫本は夏目漱石『こころ』" "新潮文庫の『こころ』の発行部数は718万部。新潮文庫の漱石作品17冊の合計は3020万部を超える
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in 1905 that won him wide public admiration as well as critical acclaim.
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Natsume Kin'nosuke was born on 9 February 1867 in the town of Babashita,
2659:
2231:"Dai Gyakuten Saiban/Great Ace Attorney scans from Weekly Famitsu 07/02"
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705:
428:
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2204:
1971:"Ryunosuke Akutagawa: Writing in the Shadow of Japan's Literary Giants"
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in Japanese. He began writing one novel a year before his death from a
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2493:(resources for reading Sōseki's works in their original Japanese form)
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821:, to create a robotic android version of Sōseki. Sōseki's grandson,
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in 1916. After his death, his brain and stomach were donated to the
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619:) and ultimately becoming a professor of English literature at the
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283:
269:
81:
1615:新書で入門 漱石と鴎外 (A pocket paperback == introduction: Natsume and Ōgai)
1406:
746:(White Birch) literary group. In his final years, authors such as
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became close followers of his literary style as his disciples.
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367:
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2162:"Commemorating the 150th Anniversary of the Novelist's Birth"
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1655:. International Research Center for Japanese Studies: 69–88.
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400:
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177:
167:
2363:
The Heart of Natsume Sōseki: First Impressions of His Novels
664:. However, it was the public success of his satirical novel
2388:
A Critical Study of The Novels of Natsume Sōseki, 1867–1916
2374:
Ambivalent Moderns: Portraits of Japanese Cultural Identity
2366:
515:
Sōseki as English teacher at Matsuyama Middle School (1896)
365:, was a Japanese novelist. He is best known for his novels
673:
He followed on this success with short stories, such as "
424:
85:
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was the earliest and only major prose treatment of the
645:(linked verse on a set theme) and literary sketches to
1847:"Soseki's Cat: A Quantum Leap for Japanese Literature"
1825:
The Columbia Companion to modern East Asian literature
740:. Sōseki took a strong interest in the writers of the
504:
upon request by his then English literature professor
311:
2376:. Savage, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield (1992).
541:). On June 10 of that year, he married Nakane Kyōko.
1402:
2317:
Three Modern Novelists: Soseki, Tanizaki, Kawabata.
544:
471:Sōseki attended the First Tokyo Middle School (now
431:, Shinjuku, Tokyo), the fifth son of village head (
2579:(Parts III & IV) (trans. Kan-ichi Ando, 1909)
2032:Yusuke Takatsu; Mariko Nakamura (20 April 2014).
1900:Takamiya, Toshiyuki (1991). "Natsume Sōseki". In
1876:The IAFOR Journal of Literature and Librarianship
1786:
2808:
1810:
1808:
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2570:(Parts I & II) (trans. Kan-ichi Ando, 1906)
781:also holds the distinction as the best-selling
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527:, which later became the setting of his novel
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288:
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260:
2617:
2502:Former Residence of Natsume Soseki (Kumamoto)
1805:
1468:– finished Natsume's last, unfinished novel,
677:" ("Tower of London") in 1905 and the novels
1865:"'Braving the London fog': Natsume Sōseki's
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1707:"Soseki's Life | Tohoku University Library"
809:In 2016, the centennial of Sōseki's death,
2867:Japanese expatriates in the United Kingdom
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2610:
2121:"Asahi Beer Oyamazaki Villa Museum of Art"
2027:
2025:
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2021:
2019:
2017:
1787:Natsume, Sōseki; Tsunematsu, Ikuo (2002).
1590:Two Japanese Novelists: Sōseki & Tōson
1515:. Kiyoto Fukuda. Shimizushoin. p. 9.
48:
2897:20th-century Japanese short story writers
2892:19th-century Japanese short story writers
2355:, Vol. 22 (Dec., 1959), pp. 150–208.
2305:. Harvard University Asia Center (1976).
2303:The Psychological World of Natsume Sōseki
1612:
795:interest have been attributed in part to
615:, subsequently replacing Koizumi Yakumo (
2351:, Edwin: An Introduction to Sōseki. In:
2254:文豪ストレイドッグス (Bungou Stray Dogs) Volume 12
2139:Asahi Beer Oyamazaki Villa Museum of Art
1968:
1646:
1631:
761:
727:
721:, and his brain has been preserved as a
548:
510:
475:), where he became deeply enamored with
449:at his doorstep. He was a descendant of
2412:. Macmillan Publishing Company (1984).
2135:"Soseki, Kyoto and the Oyamazaki Villa"
2014:
1692:] (in Japanese). 保育社. p. 151.
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2809:
2597:(trans. Sankichi Hata and Dofu Shirai)
2595:Ten Nights' Dreams and Our Cat's Grave
2474:including links to the entire text of
2159:
1925:
1844:
1547:Zukai sengokushi = The sengoku history
865:List of major works of Natsume Sōseki
623:, where he taught literary theory and
2605:
2430:Works by Natsume Sōseki in eBook form
2322:
2284:. University of Hawaii Press (2006).
2251:
2093:
1908:, p. 424. (New York: Garland, 1991).
1845:Nathan, Richard (10 September 2021).
1508:
2330:(paperback ed.). New York, NY:
2294:Brodey, I. S. and S. I. Tsunematsu,
1572:
343:, 9 February 1867 – 9 December 1916)
2877:Alumni of University College London
2301:Doi, Takeo, trans. by W. J. Tyler,
1969:Laflamme, Martin (19 August 2017).
1827:, Columbia University Press, 2003.
1791:. Rutland, VT: Tuttle. p. 80.
1789:Spring miscellany and London essays
13:
2353:Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies
2252:Kafka, Asagiri (2017). "Chp. 50".
1681:
835:The Great Ace Attorney: Adventures
630:
569:(UCL). He had a miserable time in
519:In 1895, Sōseki began teaching at
441:, owned all land from Ushigome to
109:Waseda minami-chō, Ushigome Ward,
14:
2928:
2912:20th-century pseudonymous writers
2907:19th-century pseudonymous writers
2862:Japanese male short story writers
2514:https://www.hiroshiyamashita.com/
2423:
2094:Otake, Tomoko (9 December 2016).
847:The Great Ace Attorney 2: Resolve
844:. He also appears in the sequel,
832:Sōseki appears as a character in
2519:Glenn Gould reads Natsume Soseki
2464:
2448:Works by or about Natsume Sōseki
2160:Tanaka, Yukari (14 March 2017).
2096:"Let's Discuss the Soseki Robot"
1694:一八九三年(明二六)帝大英文科卒業。高等師範学校英語講師となる。
1419:
1405:
1389:Unfinished novel; also known as
1254:To the Spring Equinox and Beyond
545:In the United Kingdom, 1900–1902
2852:20th-century Japanese novelists
2847:19th-century Japanese novelists
2298:, (Kent: Global Oriental, 2000)
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1962:
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223:
2497:Natsume Soseki Memorial Museum
2481:Natsume Sōseki on aozora.gr.jp
2000:Britannica Online Encyclopedia
1906:The New Arthurian Encyclopedia
1851:The Circle, Red Circle Authors
1724:
1699:
1675:
1640:
1606:
1537:
1502:
859:
766:Obverse of a 1984 series 1000
592:), he wrote about the period:
414:
312:
1:
2917:Burials at Zōshigaya Cemetery
2588:(trans. Yasotaro Morri, 1918)
2072:(in Japanese). 2 October 2017
1495:
553:Natsume Sōseki's lodgings in
16:Japanese novelist (1867–1912)
2842:People of Meiji-period Japan
2319:Kodansha International, 1993
2296:Rediscovering Natsume Sōseki
1451:Japanese community of London
656:edited by his former mentor
641:(haiku-style linked verse),
7:
2887:19th-century Japanese poets
2463:(public domain audiobooks)
1398:
813:in Tokyo collaborated with
590:The Criticism of Literature
395:. He was also a scholar of
54:Sōseki on 13 September 1912
10:
2933:
2872:University of Tokyo alumni
2274:
1934:University of Hawaii Press
1544:Kikuchi, Masanori (2010).
738:industrialization of Japan
732:Sōseki in his study (1906)
20:
2785:
2766:
2643:
2332:Columbia University Press
1739:Brodey and Tsunematsu p.8
1730:Brodey and Tsunematsu p.7
1588:McClellan, Edwin (2004).
1550:. Seitōsha. p. 152.
1509:Amino, Yoshihiro (2016).
1325:
1282:
1239:
1178:
1088:
1040:
948:
883:
872:
817:, robotics researcher at
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621:Tokyo Imperial University
567:University College London
481:Tokyo Imperial University
358:
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296:
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155:University College London
151:Tokyo Imperial University
146:
138:
130:
120:
99:
65:
47:
38:
2857:The Asahi Shimbun people
2586:Botchan (Master Darling)
2555:. Chikuma Shobo (1986).
2541:. Chikuma Shobo (1986).
2527:. Chikuma Shobo (1986).
1777:, May 1907, introduction
1711:www.library.tohoku.ac.jp
1613:Takahashi, Akio (2006).
1461:List of Japanese authors
1435:Anglo-Japanese relations
1312:Watakushi no Kojin Shugi
984:The Three-Cornered World
649:, such as the prominent
445:in Edo and handled most
389:and his unfinished work
2457:Works by Natsume Sōseki
2439:Works by Natsume Sōseki
2066:"｢夏目漱石｣の真実をどれだけ知っていますか"
1926:Marcus, Marvin (2009).
1882:(1): 57–65. Spring 2013
1750:Natsume Soseki (2002).
1129:Short story collection
811:Nishogakusha University
683:("Little Master"), and
521:Matsuyama Middle School
2507:Natsume Sōseki's grave
2365:. Azuma Shobo (1981).
1814:McClellan (1959) p.164
1637:Keene 1998 : 308.
893:Wagahai wa Neko de aru
770:
733:
598:
558:
516:
2676:The Heredity of Taste
2483:(complete texts with
2386:Ridgeway, William N.
1754:. Tuttle Publishing.
1592:. Tuttle Publishing.
1360:Inside My Glass Doors
1081:Novel; also known as
1011:The Heredity of Taste
989:Novel; also known as
768:Japanese yen banknote
765:
731:
594:
552:
514:
2902:Japanese haiku poets
2832:People from Shinjuku
2775:Ten Nights of Dreams
2748:Grass on the Wayside
2398:(January 28, 2005).
1775:Theory of Literature
1341:Grass on the Wayside
1124:Ten Nights of Dreams
801:Seigakuin University
487:In 1887, Sōseki met
2256:. Kadokawa Shoten.
1867:The Tower of London
1456:Japanese literature
1447:– Sōseki's grandson
919:The Tower of London
866:
748:Akutagawa Ryūnosuke
719:University of Tokyo
539:Kumamoto University
2882:Deaths from ulcers
2837:Writers from Tokyo
2756:Light and Darkness
2396:Edwin Mellen Press
2392:Lewiston, New York
1823:Mostow, Joshua S.
1748:Introduction, p.V
1490:Yamamoto Tsunetomo
1470:Light and Darkness
1445:Fusanosuke Natsume
1384:Light and Darkness
1208:Omoidasu Koto nado
864:
823:Fusanosuke Natsume
771:
734:
647:literary magazines
625:literary criticism
613:English literature
559:
517:
477:Chinese literature
473:Hibiya High School
397:British literature
392:Light and Darkness
354:Natsume Kin'nosuke
125:Zōshigaya Cemetery
69:Natsume Kin'nosuke
2804:
2803:
2793:Natsume Sōseki's
2443:Project Gutenberg
2408:Yu, Beongchoeon.
2372:Olson, Lawrence.
2341:978-0-231-11435-6
2280:Bargen, Doris D.
2263:978-4-04-104287-8
2039:The Asahi Shimbun
1943:978-0-8248-3306-0
1833:978-0-231-11314-4
1798:978-0-8048-3326-4
1761:978-0-8048-3265-6
1661:10.15055/00007202
1624:978-4-10-610179-3
1599:978-0-8048-3340-0
1557:978-4-7916-1724-1
1522:978-4-389-40102-3
1396:
1395:
1364:Essay collection
1355:Garasu Do no Uchi
1321:Essay collection
1235:Essay collection
1231:Spring Miscellany
924:Essay collection
853:Bungou Stray Dogs
451:Natsume Yoshinobu
331:
330:
319:
318:
2924:
2626:
2619:
2612:
2603:
2602:
2592:Natsume Soseki.
2583:Natsume Soseki.
2574:Natsume Soseki.
2565:Natsume Soseki.
2551:Natsume Soseki.
2537:Natsume Soseki.
2523:Natsume Soseki.
2468:
2467:
2452:Internet Archive
2345:
2268:
2267:
2249:
2243:
2242:
2241:on 19 June 2015.
2237:. Archived from
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2091:
2085:
2084:
2079:
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2062:
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2055:
2053:
2051:
2046:on 28 April 2014
2042:. Archived from
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2012:
2011:
2009:
2007:
1992:
1986:
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1983:
1981:
1966:
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1440:Fukuzawa Yukichi
1429:
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1423:
1422:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1317:My Individualism
991:The Grass Pillow
867:
863:
819:Osaka University
815:Hiroshi Ishiguro
711:Arthurian legend
697:Japanese culture
506:James Main Dixon
363:
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344:
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90:Musashi Province
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2434:Standard Ebooks
2426:
2342:
2315:Gessel, Van C.
2277:
2272:
2271:
2264:
2250:
2246:
2235:japanese3ds.com
2229:
2228:
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2205:"Soseki Museum"
2203:
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2198:
2185:
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2030:
2015:
2005:
2003:
1994:
1993:
1989:
1979:
1977:
1975:The Japan Times
1967:
1963:
1944:
1936:. p. 190.
1924:
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1682:夏目, 伸六 (1970).
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1485:Tsuneari Fukuda
1425:
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1401:
1249:Higan Sugi Made
873:Japanese title
862:
797:Haruki Murakami
760:
701:Western culture
662:Takahama Kyoshi
660:, and later by
633:
631:Literary career
609:Empire of Japan
547:
466:Tokugawa Ieyasu
417:
355:
336:
229:
226: 1896)
221:
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147:Alma mater
115:Empire of Japan
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103:9 December 1916
80:Babashita-chō,
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78:9 February 1867
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2817:Natsume Sōseki
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2491:Soseki Project
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2425:
2424:External links
2422:
2421:
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2410:Natsume Sōseki
2406:
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2193:. 8 July 2019.
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2013:
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1902:Norris J. Lacy
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1617:. Shinchosha.
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1466:Minae Mizumura
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1391:Light and Dark
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804:Kang Sang-jung
789:1,000 yen note
759:
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632:
629:
617:Lafcadio Hearn
557:, South London
546:
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455:Sengoku period
447:civil lawsuits
416:
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399:and writer of
334:Natsume Sōseki
329:
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301:Transcriptions
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107:(aged 49)
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40:Natsume Sōseki
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216:Natsume Kyōko
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187:Notable works
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51:
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2732:The Wayfarer
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2369:: B000IK2690
2362:
2352:
2327:
2316:
2302:
2295:
2281:
2253:
2247:
2239:the original
2234:
2225:
2213:. Retrieved
2208:
2199:
2190:
2181:
2169:. Retrieved
2165:
2155:
2143:. Retrieved
2141:. March 2017
2138:
2129:
2115:
2103:. Retrieved
2099:
2089:
2081:
2074:. Retrieved
2069:
2060:
2048:. Retrieved
2044:the original
2037:
2004:. Retrieved
1999:
1996:"Kume Masao"
1990:
1978:. Retrieved
1974:
1964:
1956:Google Books
1954:– via
1928:
1921:
1905:
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
1879:
1875:
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1840:
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1714:. Retrieved
1710:
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1649:Japan Review
1648:
1642:
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1475:Nakae Chōmin
1469:
1427:Japan portal
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407:poetry and
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2577:I Am a Cat
2568:I Am a Cat
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1752:I Am A Cat
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