309:
707:, not Rous. Some have Flatman falling from the horse rather than being kicked by it. It has even been said that it was a different horse entirely, Lord Aylesbury's Sudbury, which he had ridden in the Biennial Stakes. What is clear, is that for a while, Flatman was expected to fully recover. In reality, the rib had been driven into his lung, which became infected, and consumption followed. He began to relapse while out riding in his carriage and, after a lingering illness, died on Monday 20 August 1860. It had only been the second riding accident he had had in his long career. The first was a broken collar bone. By strange coincidence, the first race he had ever ridden was on Golden Pin, the last on Golden Pippin.
953:
692:
33:
514:
392:
765:
that even though he rode many trials of horses, he would never afterwards reveal how they had performed. He was, in fact, "One of the most honourable and meritorious men of his class ever encountered," "one of the most respectable and honourable knights of the pig-skin that ever performed upon an
English race-course" and "a pleasant, cheerful fellow, a thoroughly good sportsman, and charitable withal."
703:. The following Thursday, he was riding again for Rous on a horse called Golden Pippin. The filly started at odds of 6/4 but was unruly and ended up beaten three-quarters of a length. It was to be the last ride of his career. On the way back to the weighing room, the mare kicked Flatman, breaking a rib. The story, however, appears differently from different sources. Some have the horse owned by the
363:, William Cooper, "one of the most upright trainers and best men that ever lived", he was initially dismissed on account of his dishevelled appearance. Cooper's wife took kindly to him, though, and pleaded Flatman's cause to her husband. As a result, Flatman was taken on as apprentice to the Cooper stable in 1825.
764:
He "earned a reputation for honesty and talent combined, excelled by none of his compeers." Elsewhere, it is said that he rode scrupulously to orders and could not be induced to bet. Some other accounts dispute this, saying he occasionally bet like all jockeys, but was careful and shrewd. It is said
726:
He was survived by a widow, three daughters and two sons, neither of which followed their father into the profession. One became a brewer, the other an architect and one of them (although it is not specified which) was an artist of renown. His daughters on the other hand all died young – one through
583:
The first seasonal record of jockeys' winners was published in 1846 and from that first publication until 1852, Flatman was always at the top of the list. Records for the years before that show he also accumulated the most wins in the period from 1840 to 1845, equating to 13 jockeys' championships.
543:
one day and rode at
Newmarket next, a remarkable logistical achievement given the transportation of the time. This strategy bore fruit in the number of winners he was riding. In 1840, he rode 50 winners; in the period 1846-1848 he was creating new records year-on-year, peaking at 104 wins in 1848,
387:
favourite, Fleur-de-lis. In the race, Golden Pin finished unplaced behind
Zinganee, but of greater long term consequence was the arrival of the young Flatman on the Newmarket scene. It wasn't until the following season that he had his first win, but after that "the boy's rise in his profession was
616:
were coming to the fore, all able to ride at 7 stone 7 lbs (47.6 kg). During his prime, Flatman had ridden at 7 stone 8 lbs (48.1 kg) but he could no longer compete at this weight. John Wells was the first to overhaul
Flatman in the jockeys championship in 1853. By 1854, both
424:
Soon, Flatman was taking up more rides than any other jockey, on account of his being able to ride at 7 stone 5 lbs (46.7 kg) and his profile began to rise. In 1832, he had his first classic rides for Cooper. He is reported as having ridden The
General in that year's renewal of the
793:
is often called his greatest triumph. It was the only time Flying
Dutchman was beaten. Other races that have been put forward as highlights of his career are the 1834 Goodwood Cup on Glencoe and the 1846 Ascot Gold Cup on Alarm Flatman himself regarded Alarm as the best horse he rode.
648:
the previous year. In the latter race, he had inflicted The Flying
Dutchman's only defeat. At York, unlike at Doncaster, he made the running, and held the lead into the straight, but in the final furlong dropped his whip, and The Flying Dutchman pulled ahead to win by a length.
340:
and the young
Flatman began to spend a lot of time there, formulating ideas of becoming a jockey. He attended a local clergyman's school as a child, but when his father ran into financial hardship in 1825 and he had to quit, he was prompted to move to the home of horseracing in
420:
from Cooper during his time at the yard and took no more than 20 per annum from
Colonel Peel. He was, however, a remarkably loyal jockey. It was said that "never was there a more faithful or honest servant than Flatman proved himself to all his employers."
761:. Instead, his success was attributed to his dependability or, put another way, to "a steady course of good riding and good conduct, extending over many years, rather than to any more characteristic qualities of jockeyship." He was not a whip jockey.
509:
By the 1840s, Flatman was firmly established as the top rider of his generation. Prominent jockeys of earlier times such as Arthur Pavis, Patrick
Conolly and John Chapple were no longer around to compete, the former two having met with early deaths.
1525:
416:, General Yates, Captain Gardnor and, in later years, Mr. Payne, Mr. Greville, Lord Chesterfield and Lord Glasgow, so Flatman was well placed to ride winners. Yet, despite the profile and wealth of some of these patrons, Flatman never took a
358:
With all his belongings wrapped in a handkerchief and slung over his shoulder Flatman hiked from his home to Newmarket – a scruffy 15-year-old, 4 stone (25 kg) stripling looking for work. When he arrived at the yard of
547:
He missed a possible winning chance in the 1841 Derby when he was knocked off Alarm amongst a scuffle at the starting post. Then, in 1844, he was involved in one of the most controversial races in turf history. In the
366:
Flatman worked with Cooper for three years before he was offered his first opportunity to race in public. At this time he could ride at just a little over 6 stone (38 kg). This debut was a high-profile one, riding
539:-based trainer John Scott. In a manner more akin to his modern day counterparts than some of his contemporaries, he would regularly travel up and down the country to take rides. On one occasion in 1840 he won the
722:
states that he was "known to be honest, sober, discreet and plain living." The town later named a street in Nat Flatman's honour. He had won 13 championships and 10 classics, every classic but the Oaks.
1335:
1382:
245:
268:
jockey of Great Britain. He began his thirty-four-year racing career as an apprentice jockey at age fifteen and by 1840 he was the dominant rider in British racing, winning the
668:
rode the same horse to defeat in the St. Leger his reputation was restored. Flatman rode Target for Lord Derby in the Oaks of that year, the last Epsom Classic he rode.
437:
609:
300:, and some significant races in France. He continued to ride until the paddock accident that incapacitated him and ultimately led to his death at the age of 50.
617:
Wells and Charlton had headed him, and from then on Flatman gradually fell out of favour until in his final year of riding in 1859, he won only fifteen races.
553:
665:
774:
285:
738:
613:
464:
by only a short neck, that "lifted Flatman into the first rank of jockeys". He would later recompense for this narrow miss by taking the
501:
Flatman had by now started to ride for George Payne, who became his regular master and for whom he would ride for the rest of his life.
429:, although the Racing Calendar of 1832 shows no record of a horse with that name running in the race. He also rode Gretna Green in the
328:, where they got to know a local horse breeder by the name of Wilson. Wilson had been responsible for breeding the renowned horse,
486:
In the summer of 1837 he was now "at the height of his profession". He took the Goodwood Cup for a second time, as well as a first
1651:
1636:
368:
699:
The last win of Flatman's career came on the Tuesday of the first October meeting of 1859. He won a match on Golden Rule for
1641:
1602:
448:. The following year, his career took another step forward when he won the first of what would become ten Classics, the
269:
205:
1443:
1417:
1155:
1101:
1514:
413:
1560:
1210:
112:
308:
272:
title thirteen years in a row. During his career, Flatman won the patronage of many significant owners, including
1200:
757:
Flatman was known as an inelegant rider who lacked the "horsemanship and flashes of genius" of his contemporary
498:. Day rode the horse to victory in the St Leger, a race that would elude Flatman himself until the late 1840s.
1646:
1301:
1278:
785:
has been described as "the race ... whereby his fame was established". However, his Doncaster Cup defeat of
1230:
621:
465:
106:
786:
680:
676:
629:
47:
453:
192:
564:
and Orlando was awarded the race by stewards. By the end of the decade, he had also added a second
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1448:
729:
536:
293:
1594:
1365:
601:
561:
1199:
1109:
758:
528:
297:
145:
1631:
1626:
1361:
972:
963:
672:
532:
376:
277:
273:
161:
151:
42:
8:
746:
593:
473:
182:
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However, he did take part in one of the most famous races of the century, the so-called
719:
417:
342:
220:
1368::auction – works by "John F. Herring, Jr. (1820-1907) sold for more than $ 80,000" at
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1510:
790:
329:
233:
128:
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472:
on the same horse. Big race victories would continue into late summer when he took
460:. However, it was actually a losing ride on Ascot in the 1935 Derby, going down to
1507:
Gentlemen & Blackguards: Gambling Mania and the Plot to Steal the Derby of 1844
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993:
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778:
592:
The closing years of Flatman's career were not so successful. By the early 1850s,
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100:
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His profile was such that he began to be in demand at northern racecourses like
952:
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117:
1527:
Racing life of Lord George Cavendish Bentinck, M. P. and other reminiscences
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on Imperieuse in 1857. In 1858 he came under criticism for the ride he gave
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32:
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123:
1591:
Great Jockeys of the Flat – A celebration of two centuries of jockeyship
1364:, top $ 80,000 at Little sale" (news), ClickPress, July 2007, webpage:
1205:
691:
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430:
292:. For these owners, and others like them he won most of the important
289:
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St. Mary's Church, Holton St. Mary, the village where Flatman was born
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324:. In his youth, the family moved 10 miles north to the village of
711:
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408:
Cooper had several prominent owners at his yard, including
1547:
Mortimer, Roger; Onslow, Richard; Willett, Peter (1978).
695:
Nat Flatman is buried in All Saints churchyard, Newmarket
1524:
Kent, John (1892). Lawley, Hon. Francis Charles (ed.).
1051:
1049:
1047:
1045:
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1041:
737:
in September 1878. His wife died in 1899. His brother
656:
and the Great Yorkshire in 1856 on Fazzoletto, and the
1485:
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1032:
968:
Preserve (1835), Clementina (1847), Imperieuse (1857)
636:
in May 1851. Flatman rode Voltigeur, who had won the
1038:
494:, only to lose the ride, for unrecorded reasons, to
436:
His first big race win came not for Cooper, but for
1480:
1468:
1412:
1410:
1316:
1245:
1150:
1148:
1146:
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1142:
1124:
998:Surplice (1848), Warlock (1856), Imperieuse (1857)
671:Flatman had his portrait painted by equine artist
1613:
1407:
977:Idas (1845), Hernandez (1851), Fazzoletto (1856)
560:. Subsequently, Running Rein was found to be a
379:. Among his opponents were Zinganee, ridden by
1139:
727:an accident, the other two in the wreck of the
1224:
1222:
1588:
1096:
1094:
1092:
1090:
1088:
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1084:
490:. He also formed a winning partnership with
1549:Biographical Encyclopaedia of British Racing
1449:Bell’s Life in Sydney and Sporting Chronicle
1082:
1080:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1066:
1064:
652:Among his last brilliant victories were the
375:, the first important race of the season at
1436:
1219:
520:on whom Flatman won the controversial 1844
1328:
1293:
1270:
733:when it collided with another boat on the
399:, for whom Flatman rode in his early years
31:
1422:The Australian Town & Country Journal
1340:Nelson Examiner and New Zealand Chronicle
1299:
1276:
1228:
1160:The Australian Town & Country Journal
1061:
945:
1589:Tanner, Michael; Cranham, Gerry (1992).
1375:
1197:
690:
512:
390:
320:, Suffolk in 1810 to a father who was a
307:
1573:Newmarket: its sports and personalities
1569:
1504:
1395:, New Zealand. 13 April 1903. p. 3
1322:
1055:
745:in France and rode four winners of the
710:Flatman left £8,000 on his death. The
664:'s Toxopheolite in the Derby, but when
1614:
1354:
544:the sport's first century of winners.
16:English flat racing jockey (1810–1860)
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1523:
1489:
1474:
1300:Weatherby, Edward and James (1833).
1277:Weatherby, Edward and James (1833).
1264:
1229:Weatherby, Edward and James (1830).
1133:
121:(1842, 1843, 1847, 1849, 1852, 1859)
1033:Mortimer, Onslow & Willett 1978
752:
206:British flat racing Champion Jockey
13:
1174:
371:Golden (or Gold) Pin in the 1829
264:, Suffolk, was the first Champion
14:
1663:
1102:"Celebrated Jockeys: Nat Flatman"
768:
353:
1383:"English Sporting Reminiscences"
1215:. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
1211:Dictionary of National Biography
951:
773:The dead heat between his horse
1498:
797:
552:of that year, he was beaten by
260:(1810 – 20 August 1860), born
132:(1844, 1845, 1848, 1849, 1851)
104:(1835, 1847, 1851, 1854, 1858)
1:
1652:Jockeys who died while racing
1637:British Champion flat jockeys
1003:
303:
1642:People from Babergh District
1456:, Australia. 20 October 1860
7:
1156:"The Apotheosis of Jockeys"
677:John Frederick Herring, Sr.
48:John Frederick Herring, Jr.
10:
1668:
1505:Foulkes, Nicholas (2011).
877:
807:
802:Number of wins by season:
388:rapid and unintermitted."
296:in England, including ten
1201:"Flatman, Elnathan"
1198:Seccombe, Thomas (1901).
718:in All Saints Church, in
679:(1795–1865) and his son,
466:St. James's Palace Stakes
348:
232:
227:
218:
213:
204:
199:
107:St. James's Palace Stakes
93:
88:
80:
72:
62:
54:
30:
23:
1555:: Macdonald and Jane's.
741:(c1807-1884) settled at
686:
587:
504:
403:
294:Thoroughbred horse races
173:International race wins:
110:(1835, 1845, 1846, 1848)
1570:Silzter, Frank (1923).
433:but finished unplaced.
946:Classic race victories
696:
568:(Clementina in 1847),
524:
400:
313:
258:Elnathan "Nat" Flatman
1647:People from Bildeston
1110:Launceston, Australia
694:
572:(Idas in 1845) and a
516:
394:
332:, winner of the 1813
311:
1362:John F. Herring, Jr.
438:James "Tiny" Edwards
316:Flatman was born in
278:Earl of Chesterfield
274:Lord George Bentinck
219:Nat Flatman Street,
146:British Classic Race
43:Newmarket Racecourse
1106:Launceston Examiner
787:The Flying Dutchman
747:Prix du Jockey Club
675:(1814–1882) and by
630:The Flying Dutchman
183:Prix du Jockey Club
169:(1848, 1856, 1857)
37:Nat Flatman aboard
1444:"The English Turf"
697:
525:
401:
314:
228:Significant horses
223:, Suffolk, England
185:(1837, 1846, 1856)
164:(1845, 1851, 1856)
154:(1835, 1847, 1857)
140:Doncaster Gold Cup
98:(1834, 1837, 1852)
1604:978-0-85112-989-1
1342:. 1 November 1851
943:
942:
681:John Herring, Jr.
594:John 'Tiny' Wells
414:Earl of Strafford
255:
254:
129:Coronation Stakes
89:Major racing wins
46:1835 painting by
1659:
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1585:
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1566:
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1539:
1520:
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1440:
1434:
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1429:
1414:
1405:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1379:
1373:
1370:Hillsborough, NC
1358:
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1314:
1313:
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1291:
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1216:
1213:(1st supplement)
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1195:
1172:
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1167:
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1122:
1121:
1119:
1117:
1098:
1059:
1053:
1036:
1030:
956:
955:
805:
804:
783:Criterion Stakes
753:Critical opinion
454:Charles Greville
381:Sam Chifney, Jr.
167:St. Leger Stakes
35:
26:
21:
20:
1667:
1666:
1662:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1656:
1622:English jockeys
1612:
1611:
1605:
1579:
1577:
1563:
1537:
1535:
1517:
1501:
1496:
1488:
1481:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1442:
1441:
1437:
1427:
1425:
1424:. 10 March 1900
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1415:
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1396:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1359:
1355:
1345:
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1334:
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1321:
1317:
1306:Racing Calendar
1298:
1294:
1283:Racing Calendar
1275:
1271:
1263:
1246:
1235:Racing Calendar
1227:
1220:
1196:
1175:
1165:
1163:
1162:. 31 March 1900
1154:
1153:
1140:
1132:
1125:
1115:
1113:
1100:
1099:
1062:
1054:
1039:
1031:
1010:
1006:
950:
948:
800:
771:
755:
705:Duke of Bedford
689:
590:
556:, on his mount
507:
477:Molecomb Stakes
406:
356:
351:
318:Holton St. Mary
306:
286:Lord Stradbroke
270:Champion Jockey
262:Holton St. Mary
208:
193:Grand Critérium
191:
186:
181:
175:
165:
160:
155:
150:
138:
133:
131:
127:
122:
120:
116:
111:
109:
105:
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101:Molecomb Stakes
99:
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67:
50:
45:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1665:
1655:
1654:
1649:
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1624:
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1603:
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1567:
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1521:
1516:978-0753824757
1515:
1500:
1497:
1495:
1494:
1492:, p. 147.
1479:
1477:, p. 145.
1467:
1435:
1418:"A Retrospect"
1406:
1374:
1353:
1327:
1315:
1292:
1269:
1267:, p. 144.
1244:
1218:
1173:
1138:
1136:, p. 143.
1123:
1112:. 5 April 1882
1060:
1037:
1035:, p. 214.
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838:
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799:
796:
770:
769:Greatest rides
767:
754:
751:
739:Edward Flatman
730:Princess Alice
688:
685:
606:Henry Custance
598:George Fordham
589:
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354:Apprenticeship
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178:Prix du Cadran
135:Ascot Gold Cup
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78:
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76:20 August 1860
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1562:0-354-08536-0
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1388:Auckland Star
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1069:
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1065:
1058:, p. 80.
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1046:
1044:
1042:
1034:
1029:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1017:
1015:
1013:
1008:
999:
995:
992:
990:
988:
983:
980:
978:
974:
973:2,000 Guineas
971:
969:
965:
964:1,000 Guineas
962:
961:
960:
959:
958:Great Britain
954:
936:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
909:
906:
903:
900:
897:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
878:
872:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
818:
815:
812:
809:
808:
806:
803:
795:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
766:
762:
760:
750:
748:
744:
740:
736:
732:
731:
724:
721:
717:
713:
708:
706:
702:
693:
684:
683:(1820–1907).
682:
678:
674:
669:
667:
663:
659:
658:1,000 Guineas
655:
654:2,000 Guineas
650:
647:
646:Doncaster Cup
643:
639:
635:
631:
627:
623:
618:
615:
611:
608:and brothers
607:
603:
602:John Charlton
599:
595:
585:
581:
579:
575:
571:
570:2,000 Guineas
567:
566:1,000 Guineas
563:
559:
555:
551:
545:
542:
538:
535:, riding for
534:
530:
523:
519:
515:
511:
502:
499:
497:
493:
489:
488:Doncaster Cup
484:
482:
478:
475:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
450:1,000 Guineas
447:
443:
439:
434:
432:
428:
422:
419:
415:
411:
398:
397:Jonathan Peel
393:
389:
386:
382:
378:
374:
373:Craven Stakes
370:
369:Lord Exeter's
364:
362:
346:
344:
339:
335:
334:2,000 Guineas
331:
327:
323:
319:
310:
301:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
226:
222:
217:
212:
207:
203:
200:Racing awards
198:
194:
189:
188:Prix de Diane
184:
179:
176:
174:
170:
168:
163:
162:2,000 Guineas
158:
153:
152:1,000 Guineas
149:
147:
141:
136:
130:
125:
119:
118:Nassau Stakes
114:
113:Stewards' Cup
108:
102:
96:
92:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
68:Great Britain
65:
61:
57:
53:
49:
44:
40:
34:
29:
22:
19:
1590:
1578:. Retrieved
1576:. p. 80
1572:
1548:
1536:. Retrieved
1526:
1506:
1499:Bibliography
1470:
1458:. Retrieved
1447:
1438:
1426:. Retrieved
1421:
1397:. Retrieved
1386:
1377:
1372:9 June 2007.
1356:
1344:. Retrieved
1339:
1330:
1323:Foulkes 2011
1318:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1286:
1282:
1272:
1238:
1234:
1209:
1164:. Retrieved
1159:
1114:. Retrieved
1105:
1056:Silzter 1923
997:
985:
976:
967:
957:
949:
934:
928:
922:
916:
910:
904:
898:
892:
886:
880:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
834:
828:
822:
816:
810:
801:
798:Career stats
781:in the 1839
772:
763:
759:Frank Butler
756:
735:River Thames
728:
725:
709:
701:Admiral Rous
698:
670:
651:
619:
614:Luke Snowden
591:
582:
554:Running Rein
546:
526:
508:
500:
485:
442:Goodwood Cup
440:on the 1834
435:
423:
410:Colonel Peel
407:
365:
357:
315:
282:Admiral Rous
257:
256:
195:(1855, 1856)
190:(1850, 1852)
180:(1843, 1845)
172:
171:
144:
143:
115:(1841, 1846)
95:Goodwood Cup
18:
1632:1860 deaths
1627:1810 births
1534:: Blackwood
1509:. Phoenix.
1206:Lee, Sidney
982:Epsom Derby
813:– not known
622:Great Match
541:Chester Cup
470:Royal Ascot
322:smallholder
266:flat racing
209:(1840-1852)
157:Epsom Derby
124:July Stakes
81:Career wins
25:Nat Flatman
1616:Categories
1360:"Works by
1336:"Sporting"
1004:References
673:Harry Hall
666:Sam Rogers
662:Lord Derby
580:in 1848).
529:Manchester
474:Goodwood's
383:, and the
304:Early life
290:Lord Derby
55:Occupation
1532:Edinburgh
1490:Kent 1892
1475:Kent 1892
1346:3 January
1265:Kent 1892
1134:Kent 1892
994:St. Leger
791:Voltigeur
775:Gibraltar
743:Chantilly
720:Newmarket
716:headstone
642:St. Leger
626:Voltigeur
574:St. Leger
533:Newcastle
452:, on the
446:Glencoe I
377:Newmarket
343:Newmarket
330:Smolensko
326:Bildeston
234:Voltigeur
221:Newmarket
84:Not found
1595:Guinness
1580:28 April
1538:28 April
1460:26 April
1428:26 April
1399:26 April
1393:Auckland
1366:CP-JFHjr
1166:27 April
1116:26 April
811:pre-1839
779:Crucifix
624:between
578:Surplice
458:Preserve
418:retainer
395:Colonel
298:Classics
250:Surplice
238:Preserve
39:Preserve
1302:"Epsom"
1279:"Epsom"
1231:"Epsom"
1208:(ed.).
987:Orlando
714:on his
712:epitaph
558:Orlando
518:Orlando
496:Sam Day
456:-owned
444:winner
361:trainer
242:Orlando
214:Honours
142:(1850)
1601:
1559:
1553:London
1513:
1454:Sydney
989:(1844)
562:ringer
537:Malton
462:Mundig
412:, the
385:King's
349:Career
276:, the
159:(1844)
137:(1846)
126:(1843)
58:Jockey
1312:: 59.
1289:: 58.
1241:: 13.
1204:. In
867:– 104
687:Death
638:Derby
610:James
588:1850s
550:Derby
522:Derby
505:1840s
492:Mango
427:Derby
404:1830s
338:Derby
246:Alarm
148:wins:
1599:ISBN
1582:2013
1557:ISBN
1540:2013
1511:ISBN
1462:2013
1430:2013
1401:2013
1348:2012
1168:2013
1118:2013
937:– 15
935:1859
931:– 37
929:1858
925:– 46
923:1857
919:– 41
917:1856
913:– 43
911:1855
907:– 75
905:1854
901:– 78
899:1853
895:– 92
893:1852
889:– 78
887:1851
883:– 88
881:1850
873:– 94
871:1849
865:1848
861:– 89
859:1847
855:– 81
853:1846
849:– 81
847:1845
843:– 64
841:1844
837:– 60
835:1843
831:– 42
829:1842
825:– 68
823:1841
819:– 50
817:1840
777:and
644:and
634:York
628:and
612:and
531:and
481:Elis
431:Oaks
336:and
288:and
73:Died
66:1810
63:Born
789:on
632:at
479:on
468:at
41:at
1618::
1597:.
1593:.
1551:.
1530:.
1482:^
1452:.
1446:.
1420:.
1409:^
1391:.
1385:.
1338:.
1310:60
1308:.
1304:.
1287:60
1285:.
1281:.
1247:^
1239:57
1237:.
1233:.
1221:^
1176:^
1158:.
1141:^
1126:^
1108:.
1104:.
1063:^
1040:^
1011:^
996:–
984:–
975:–
966:–
749:.
640:,
604:,
600:,
596:,
483:.
345:.
284:,
280:,
248:,
244:,
240:,
236:,
1607:.
1584:.
1565:.
1542:.
1519:.
1464:.
1432:.
1403:.
1350:.
1325:.
1170:.
1120:.
576:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
