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their life and that of a child in a healthy family. For example, the lack of empathy and volatility at home may increase the child's own empathy and desire to be respectful. Similarly, intense emotional control and disrespect for boundaries at home may increase the child's value for emotional expression and their desire to extend respect to others. Although the child observes the parent's behavior, they are often on the receiving end of the same behavior. When an alternative to the pain and distress caused at home presents itself, the child may choose to focus on more comforting, safety-inducing behaviors.
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dramatic, being selfish, or not meeting expectations. Children of narcissists learn to play their part and to show off their special skill(s), especially in public or for others. They typically do not have many memories of having felt loved or appreciated for being themselves. Instead, they associate their experience of love and appreciation with conforming to the demands of the narcissistic parent.
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of self depended entirely on how "successful" they perceived themselves to be in terms of their appearance, social life, or academic or professional accomplishments. Respondents also mentioned how these consequences affected their friendships and romantic relationships as adults, and one participant raised concern for how these effects would affect her children.
431:
The results of a prior study indicated that narcissistic parenting behaviours have an impact on children's self-esteem far into adulthood. A lot of respondents also mentioned that they needed the approval or affirmation of others in order to feel competent or deserving, and some said that their sense
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the behavior of others, particularly that of their children whom they view as extensions of themselves. Thus, narcissistic parents may speak of "carrying the torch", maintaining the family image, or making the mother or father proud. They may reproach their children for exhibiting weakness, being too
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to get their way. Instead, they may invest in the opposite behaviors if they have observed them among friends and other families. When the child of a narcissistic parent experiences safe, real love or sees the example played out in other families, they may identify and act on the differences between
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In most cases, the narcissist will select one child in the family to be the Golden Child, and another child to be the
Scapegoat. The Golden Child becomes an extension of the narcissist, who lives vicariously through them. As a result, many golden children do not develop a healthy sense of self and
419:
and lower self-esteem during adulthood than those who did not perceive their caregivers as narcissistic. The parent's lack of empathy towards their child contributes to this, as the child's desires are often denied, their feelings restrained, and their overall emotional well-being ignored.
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Children of narcissistic parents are taught to submit and conform, causing them to lose touch of themselves as individuals. This can lead to the child possessing very few memories of feeling appreciated or loved by their parents for being themselves, as they instead associate the love and
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Some common issues in narcissistic parenting result from a lack of appropriate, responsible nurturing. This may lead to a child feeling empty, insecure in loving relationships, developing imagined fears, mistrusting others, experiencing identity conflict, and commitment issues.
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Due to their vulnerability, children are extremely affected by the behavior of a narcissistic parent. A narcissistic parent will often abuse the normal parental role of guiding their children and being the primary decision-maker in the child's life, becoming overly
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and the ability to gain control over their life. Identity crisis, loneliness, and struggle with self-expression are also commonly seen in children raised by a narcissistic parent. The struggle to discover one's self as an adult stems from the substantial amount of
398:. To avoid anger and punishment, children of abusive parents often resort to complying with their parent's every demand. This affects both the child's well-being and their ability to make logical decisions on their own, and as adults they often lack
382:
and controlling. This possessiveness and excessive control disempower the child; the parent sees the child simply as an extension of themselves. This may affect the child's imagination and level of curiosity, and they often develop an
98:’s clinical study, includes behaviors such as self-aggrandizement, self-esteem, vulnerability, fear of losing the affection of people and of failure, reliance on defense mechanisms, perfectionism, and interpersonal conflict.
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struggle with boundaries. Scapegoats, on the other hand, become the receptacle for all the negative emotions of the narcissistic parent, who blames them for everything that goes wrong in the family.
35:. Typically, narcissistic parents are exclusively and possessively close to their children and are threatened by their children's growing independence. This results in a pattern of narcissistic
859:
Gardner, Fiona (September 2004). "'to
Enliven Her Was My Living': Thoughts on Compliance and Sacrifice as Consequences of Malignant Identification with a Narcissistic Parent".
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Raskin, Robert, and Howard. Terry. (1988). A Principal-Components
Analysis of the Narcissistic Personality. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54 (5), PP 890-902
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that the now adult experiences as a child. Because of excessive identification with the parent, the child may never get the opportunity to experience their own identity.
736:
Wilson, Sylia; Durbin, C. Emily (November 2011). "Dyadic Parent-Child
Interaction During Early Childhood: Contributions of Parental and Child Personality Traits".
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appreciation with conformity. Children may benefit with distance from the narcissistic parent. Some children of narcissistic parents resort to leaving home during
271:, can allow a child their autonomous development, the narcissistic parent may instead use the child to promote their own image. A parent concerned with
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style of motivation. This heightened level of control may be due to the need of the narcissistic parent to maintain the child's dependence on them.
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576:
Dentale, Francesco; Verrastro, Valeria; Valeria, Irene; Diotaiuti, Pierluigi; Petruccelli, Filippo; Cappelli, Luigi; San
Martini, Pietro (2015).
609:""Never Learned to Love Properly": A Qualitative Study Exploring Romantic Relationship Experiences in Adult Children of Narcissistic Parents"
39:, with the parent considering that the child exists solely to fulfill the parent's needs and wishes. A narcissistic parent will often try to
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Children of a narcissistic parent may not be supportive of others in the home. Observing the behavior of the parent, the child learns that
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Pluznick, Ruth; Kis-Sines, Natasha (2018-05-01), "Narrative therapy with children of parents experiencing mental health difficulties*",
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or rejected and their personal inadequacies will be exposed. Narcissistic parents are self-absorbed, often to the point of
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326:. Aggressive impulses and rage may become split off and not integrated with normal development. Some children develop a
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2020:
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The Drama of the Gifted Child, How
Narcissistic Parents Form and Deform the Emotional Lives of their Talented Children
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and admired by their child, may leave the child feeling like a puppet to the parent's emotional/intellectual demands.
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2015:
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578:"Relationship between Parental Narcissism and Children's Mental Vulnerability: Mediation Role of Rearing Style"
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Narcissism tends to play out intergenerationally, with narcissistic parents producing either narcissistic or
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of children, affecting their reasoning and their emotional, ethical, and societal behaviors and attitudes.
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The Wizard of Oz and Other
Narcissists: Coping with the One-Way Relationship in Work, Love, and Family
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and seek love by accommodating the wishes of the parent. The child's normal feelings are ignored,
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655:"Healing the next generation: an adaptive agent model for the effects of parental narcissism"
827:
Deater-Deckard, Kirby (2004-08-11), "Parenting
Behavior and the Parent-Child Relationship",
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Studies have found that children of narcissistic parents have significantly higher rates of
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and guilt are effective strategies for getting what they want. The child may also develop a
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Hart, Claire M.; Bush-Evans, Reece D.; Hepper, Erica G.; Hickman, Hannah M. (2017-10-15).
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and feel the need to control how others regard them, fearing that otherwise they will be
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Sensitive, guilt-ridden children in the family may learn to meet the parent's needs for
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Destructive narcissistic parents have a pattern of consistently needing to be the
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Lyons, Minna; Brewer, Gayle; Hartley, Anna-Maria; Blinkhorn, Victoria (2023).
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Narcissistic parents are quick to anger, putting their children at risk for
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896:"The impact of parental narcissistic traits on self-esteem in adulthood"
522:"The children of narcissus: Insights into narcissists' parenting styles"
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if they grow to view the relationship with their parent(s) as toxic.
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Jabeen, Fakhra; Gerritsen, Charlotte; Treur, Jan (December 2021).
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Narcissistic parenting may also lead to children being either
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International
Journal of Psychology and Psychological Therapy
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126:
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To maintain their self-esteem and protect their vulnerable
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in relationships. The child's unconscious denial of their
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121:, seeking compliments, and putting their children down.
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Deny, attack, and reverse victim and offender (DARVO)
361:, tendency to use and/or abuse drugs or alcohol, and
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372:
318:in attempts to gain the parent's "love". Guilt and
187:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
55:are often disregarded with the goal of molding and
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365:(in a potentially harmful manner) for attention.
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917:The Narcissistic Family: Diagnosis and Treatment
346:, fearing any reminder of their authentic self.
74:. They also tend to be inflexible, and lack the
59:the child to satisfy the parent's expectations.
2875:Power and Control: Domestic Violence in America
47:. Narcissistic parenting adversely affects the
3083:Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society
826:
2047:
1214:
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3128:National Coalition Against Domestic Violence
735:
145:with the parent's wishes and their need for
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1207:
959:
945:
152:
915:Donaldson-Pressman, S & Pressman, RM
831:, Yale University Press, pp. 74–94,
794:Creative Positions in Adult Mental Health
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247:Learn how and when to remove this message
2420:Effects of domestic violence on children
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453:Effects of domestic violence on children
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2702:Domestic violence in Christian culture
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526:Personality and Individual Differences
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2707:Domestic violence in Islamic culture
2157:Sexual violence by intimate partners
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837:10.12987/yale/9780300103939.003.0004
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185:adding citations to reliable sources
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2137:Genital modification and mutilation
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772:
357:, having a poor or overly inflated
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3133:National Domestic Violence Hotline
2021:Parents Against Child Exploitation
1143:Narcissistic Personality Inventory
909:
873:10.1111/j.1752-0118.2004.tb00186.x
726:
85:
14:
3211:
3076:Journal of Interpersonal Violence
1991:Mothers Apart from Their Children
1079:Narcissistic personality disorder
705:All about Me: Loving a Narcissist
595:
488:Narcissistic personality disorder
33:narcissistic personality disorder
1185:
1184:
902:– via Smith Scholar Works.
861:British Journal of Psychotherapy
750:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2011.00760.x
373:Short-term and long-term effects
161:
43:their children with threats and
2470:Management of domestic violence
2354:Domestic violence and pregnancy
2185:Domestic violence and pregnancy
1849:Management of domestic violence
1695:Corporal punishment in the home
887:
852:
796:, Routledge, pp. 205–226,
172:needs additional citations for
2006:National Fatherhood Initiative
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710:
697:
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513:
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1:
3090:Trauma, Violence, & Abuse
2998:What's Love Got to Do with It
2430:Parental bullying of children
2410:Adverse childhood experiences
2349:Domestic violence against men
2011:National Parents Organization
1736:Adverse childhood experiences
1228:
900:Masters Thesis, Smith College
494:
478:Parental bullying of children
62:Narcissistic people have low
2394:Social emotional development
1776:Effects of domestic violence
1418:Social emotional development
975:Similar personality concepts
7:
3048:Contemporary Family Therapy
2297:Passive-aggressive behavior
2210:Situational couple violence
1592:Identification (psychology)
1152:Related psychology concepts
435:
322:keep the child locked in a
10:
3216:
2460:Domestic violence hotlines
2384:Parental abuse by children
2016:Parent–teacher association
1791:Parental abuse by children
1672:Positive Parenting Program
1622:Parent management training
1617:Normative social influence
894:Bach, Brittany N. (2014).
672:10.1186/s40708-020-00115-z
538:10.1016/j.paid.2017.06.019
342:may perpetuate a cycle of
263:children in turn. While a
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2861:The Conspiracy of Silence
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2440:Stress in early childhood
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2364:Intimate partner violence
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2277:Major depressive disorder
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2087:Abusive power and control
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2001:National Childbirth Trust
1978:
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1796:Stress in early childhood
1728:
1680:
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1516:Taking children seriously
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1348:Applied behavior analysis
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1101:Manipulation (psychology)
1071:
1030:
974:
926:, Basic Books, Inc (1981)
405:projective identification
137:, and attempts to induce
49:psychological development
3069:Journal of Family Issues
2200:Murder of pregnant women
1657:The talk (sex education)
1368:Developmental psychology
802:10.4324/9780429473401-11
510:(2004) p. 31 and p.89-91
3164:Domestic violence court
2984:Sleeping with the Enemy
1864:Parental responsibility
1824:Cost of raising a child
1072:Pathological narcissism
153:Children of narcissists
3159:Battered woman defense
3097:Violence Against Women
2480:Prevention initiatives
2389:Same-sex relationships
2147:Birth control sabotage
2092:Conflict tactics scale
933:(2002) – see Chapter 5
738:Journal of Personality
626:10.3390/socsci12030159
141:may be used to ensure
105:, narcissists seek to
16:Parent with narcissism
2152:Reproductive coercion
1986:Families Need Fathers
1547:After-school activity
1471:Concerted cultivation
1466:Buddha-like parenting
1398:Nature versus nurture
1363:Cognitive development
1038:Collective narcissism
1017:Narcissus (mythology)
411:Mental health effects
196:"Narcissistic parent"
2956:Looking for Angelina
1844:Right to family life
1771:Dysfunctional family
1481:Free-range parenting
1456:Attachment parenting
1446:Achievement ideology
1096:Malignant narcissism
707:(London 2007) p. 119
448:Dysfunctional family
324:developmental arrest
181:improve this article
2868:Defending Our Lives
2755:Nicola Graham-Kevan
2425:Narcissistic parent
2252:Emotional blackmail
1859:Parental alienation
1786:Narcissistic parent
1710:Positive discipline
1531:Work at home parent
1511:Strict father model
1496:Nurturant parenting
1403:Parental investment
1238:Kinship terminology
1022:Superiority complex
723:(London 2009) p. 86
506:Stephen E. Levich,
147:narcissistic supply
135:emotional blackmail
53:Personal boundaries
21:narcissistic parent
3123:ManKind Initiative
2970:One Minute to Nine
2963:Once Were Warriors
2730:Jacquelyn Campbell
2302:Setting up to fail
2292:Narcissistic abuse
1905:T. Berry Brazelton
1642:Social integration
1378:Identity formation
997:Healthy narcissism
473:Identified patient
269:good-enough parent
115:focus of attention
3200:Domestic violence
3172:
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3105:
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2447:
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2324:
2112:Traumatic bonding
2102:Cycle of violence
2063:Domestic violence
2029:
2028:
1839:Family disruption
1761:Cinderella effect
1741:Child abandonment
1715:Tactical ignoring
1612:Moral development
1491:Helicopter parent
1486:Gatekeeper parent
1451:Atlas personality
1428:Social psychology
1373:Human development
1358:Child development
1343:Attachment theory
1196:
1195:
659:Brain Informatics
468:Helicopter parent
332:defense mechanism
257:
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249:
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3062:Family Relations
3030:The War on Women
2907:American Tragedy
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2307:Silent treatment
2257:False accusation
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1879:Shared parenting
1690:Blanket training
1682:Child discipline
1322:In loco parentis
1301:Shared parenting
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1200:
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1048:In the workplace
1007:Machiavellianism
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938:
937:
929:Payson, Eleanor
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829:Parenting Stress
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744:(5): 1313–1338.
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703:Simon Crompton,
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483:Parenting styles
275:, or with being
273:self-enhancement
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3016:Life with Billy
3003:
2935:The Burning Bed
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2750:David Finkelhor
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2475:Women's shelter
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1974:
1955:Matthew Sanders
1910:Rudolf Dreikurs
1883:
1869:Parents' rights
1829:Deadbeat parent
1806:
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1676:
1652:The talk (race)
1535:
1526:Tiger parenting
1432:
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1276:Extended family
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1012:Messiah complex
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910:Further reading
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400:self-confidence
396:emotional abuse
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314:and eventually
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125:in the form of
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86:Characteristics
45:emotional abuse
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3166:
3161:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3148:
3146:
3145:
3140:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3112:
3108:
3107:
3104:
3103:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3072:
3065:
3058:
3055:Family Process
3051:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3033:
3026:
3023:Mommie Dearest
3019:
3011:
3009:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2994:
2987:
2980:
2973:
2966:
2959:
2952:
2945:
2938:
2931:
2924:
2917:
2914:Black and Blue
2910:
2902:
2900:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:
2889:Sin by Silence
2885:
2878:
2871:
2864:
2857:
2849:
2847:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2826:Deborah Tucker
2823:
2818:
2813:
2808:
2803:
2801:Elizabeth Celi
2798:
2793:
2788:
2786:Ruahine Albert
2782:
2780:
2776:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2767:
2765:Linda Saltzman
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2717:
2713:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2704:
2698:
2696:
2692:
2691:
2689:
2688:
2683:
2681:United Kingdom
2678:
2673:
2668:
2663:
2658:
2653:
2648:
2643:
2638:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2492:
2490:
2486:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2456:
2454:
2450:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2443:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2399:
2397:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2340:
2338:
2331:
2327:
2326:
2323:
2322:
2320:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2279:
2274:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2240:
2238:Economic abuse
2235:
2230:
2224:
2222:
2216:
2215:
2213:
2212:
2207:
2202:
2197:
2192:
2187:
2182:
2177:
2171:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2133:
2131:
2122:
2118:
2117:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2097:Cycle of abuse
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2066:
2059:
2058:
2051:
2044:
2036:
2027:
2026:
2024:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1996:Mothers' Union
1993:
1988:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1970:Benjamin Spock
1967:
1962:
1957:
1952:
1950:Penelope Leach
1947:
1945:Annette Lareau
1942:
1937:
1935:Alan E. Kazdin
1932:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1895:Mary Ainsworth
1891:
1889:
1885:
1884:
1882:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1810:
1808:
1807:social aspects
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1793:
1788:
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1732:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1723:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1675:
1674:
1669:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1624:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1594:
1589:
1584:
1579:
1574:
1572:Dishabituation
1569:
1564:
1559:
1554:
1549:
1543:
1541:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1501:Slow parenting
1498:
1493:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1473:
1468:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1448:
1442:
1440:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1430:
1425:
1420:
1415:
1410:
1405:
1400:
1395:
1390:
1385:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1365:
1360:
1355:
1350:
1345:
1339:
1337:
1332:Theories
1329:
1328:
1326:
1325:
1318:
1313:
1311:Blended family
1308:
1303:
1298:
1293:
1291:Nuclear family
1288:
1283:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1263:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1242:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1225:
1218:
1211:
1203:
1194:
1193:
1183:
1180:
1179:
1177:
1176:
1171:
1166:
1161:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1148:
1146:
1145:
1140:
1139:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1087:
1086:
1075:
1073:
1069:
1068:
1066:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1009:
1004:
999:
994:
989:
984:
978:
976:
972:
971:
964:
963:
956:
949:
941:
935:
934:
927:
920:
911:
908:
906:
905:
886:
851:
845:
816:
810:
771:
725:
709:
696:
640:
594:
568:
559:
512:
498:
496:
493:
491:
490:
485:
480:
475:
470:
465:
460:
455:
450:
445:
439:
437:
434:
412:
409:
374:
371:
265:self-confident
255:
254:
169:
167:
160:
154:
151:
87:
84:
78:necessary for
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3212:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3150:
3144:
3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3115:
3113:
3111:Organizations
3109:
3099:
3098:
3094:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3078:
3077:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3066:
3064:
3063:
3059:
3057:
3056:
3052:
3050:
3049:
3045:
3044:
3042:
3038:
3032:
3031:
3027:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3010:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2995:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2979:
2978:
2974:
2972:
2971:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2953:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2936:
2932:
2930:
2929:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2911:
2909:
2908:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2897:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2884:
2883:
2882:Silent Voices
2879:
2877:
2876:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2865:
2863:
2862:
2858:
2856:
2855:
2851:
2850:
2848:
2846:Documentaries
2844:
2841:
2837:
2827:
2824:
2822:
2819:
2817:
2814:
2812:
2811:Donna Ferrato
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2797:
2794:
2792:
2791:Angela Barker
2789:
2787:
2784:
2783:
2781:
2777:
2771:
2770:Murray Straus
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2745:Mary Ellsberg
2743:
2741:
2740:Emily Douglas
2738:
2736:
2735:Kenneth Dodge
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2718:
2714:
2708:
2705:
2703:
2700:
2699:
2697:
2693:
2687:
2686:United States
2684:
2682:
2679:
2677:
2674:
2672:
2669:
2667:
2664:
2662:
2659:
2657:
2654:
2652:
2649:
2647:
2644:
2642:
2639:
2637:
2634:
2632:
2629:
2627:
2624:
2622:
2619:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2493:
2491:
2487:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2451:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2435:Sibling abuse
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2407:
2405:
2401:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2341:
2339:
2335:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2303:
2300:
2298:
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2278:
2275:
2273:
2270:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2244:
2243:Embarrassment
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2225:
2223:
2221:
2220:Psychological
2217:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2201:
2198:
2196:
2195:Honor killing
2193:
2191:
2188:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2180:Bride burning
2178:
2176:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2134:
2132:
2130:
2126:
2123:
2119:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2074:
2072:
2068:
2064:
2057:
2052:
2050:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1983:
1981:
1979:Organizations
1977:
1971:
1968:
1966:
1965:B. F. Skinner
1963:
1961:
1960:William Sears
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1936:
1933:
1931:
1930:Thomas Gordon
1928:
1926:
1923:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1901:
1898:
1896:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1886:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1865:
1862:
1860:
1857:
1855:
1852:
1850:
1847:
1845:
1842:
1840:
1837:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1825:
1822:
1820:
1819:Child support
1817:
1815:
1814:Child custody
1812:
1811:
1809:
1803:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1756:Child neglect
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1744:
1742:
1739:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1731:
1727:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1673:
1670:
1667:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1620:
1618:
1615:
1613:
1610:
1608:
1605:
1603:
1600:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1587:Homeschooling
1585:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1575:
1573:
1570:
1568:
1565:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1548:
1545:
1544:
1542:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1502:
1499:
1497:
1494:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1435:
1429:
1426:
1424:
1423:Socialization
1421:
1419:
1416:
1414:
1411:
1409:
1408:Paternal bond
1406:
1404:
1401:
1399:
1396:
1394:
1393:Maternal bond
1391:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1381:
1379:
1376:
1374:
1371:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1341:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1330:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1317:
1314:
1312:
1309:
1307:
1306:Single parent
1304:
1302:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1282:
1279:
1277:
1274:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1266:Alloparenting
1264:
1262:
1259:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1231:
1224:
1219:
1217:
1212:
1210:
1205:
1204:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1175:
1172:
1170:
1167:
1165:
1162:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1150:
1144:
1141:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1126:mortification
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:Narcissistic
1106:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1080:
1077:
1076:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1058:Me generation
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1029:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1008:
1005:
1003:
1000:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
985:
983:
980:
979:
977:
973:
969:
962:
957:
955:
950:
948:
943:
942:
939:
932:
928:
925:
921:
918:
914:
913:
901:
897:
890:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
855:
848:
846:9780300103939
842:
838:
834:
830:
823:
821:
813:
811:9780429473401
807:
803:
799:
795:
788:
786:
784:
782:
780:
778:
776:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
739:
732:
730:
722:
718:
717:Salman Akhtar
713:
706:
700:
692:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
664:
660:
656:
649:
647:
645:
636:
632:
627:
622:
618:
614:
610:
603:
601:
599:
590:
586:
579:
572:
563:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
516:
509:
503:
499:
489:
486:
484:
481:
479:
476:
474:
471:
469:
466:
464:
461:
459:
456:
454:
451:
449:
446:
444:
441:
440:
433:
429:
427:
421:
418:
408:
406:
401:
397:
393:
388:
386:
381:
370:
366:
364:
360:
356:
352:
347:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
308:gratification
304:
300:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
278:
274:
270:
266:
262:
251:
248:
240:
229:
226:
222:
219:
215:
212:
208:
205:
201:
198: –
197:
193:
192:Find sources:
186:
182:
176:
175:
170:This article
168:
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159:
158:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
111:
108:
104:
99:
97:
96:Sigmund Freud
94:, as used in
93:
83:
81:
80:child raising
77:
73:
69:
65:
60:
58:
54:
50:
46:
42:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
3095:
3088:
3081:
3074:
3067:
3060:
3053:
3046:
3028:
3021:
3014:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2975:
2968:
2961:
2954:
2947:
2940:
2933:
2926:
2919:
2912:
2905:
2887:
2880:
2873:
2866:
2859:
2854:A Better Man
2852:
2760:Denise Hines
2651:South Africa
2646:Saudi Arabia
2465:Duluth model
2424:
2344:Bride-buying
2317:Verbal abuse
2267:Intimidation
2142:Marital rape
2107:Epidemiology
1915:David Elkind
1785:
1766:Codependency
1751:Child labour
1607:Latchkey kid
1597:Introjection
1383:Introjection
1333:
1320:
1286:Noncustodial
1159:Compensation
1062:
930:
923:
916:
899:
889:
867:(1): 49–62.
864:
860:
854:
828:
793:
741:
737:
721:Good Feeling
720:
712:
704:
699:
662:
658:
616:
612:
588:
584:
571:
562:
529:
525:
515:
507:
502:
463:Family nexus
430:
422:
414:
389:
376:
367:
348:
305:
301:
296:intimidation
284:manipulation
281:
258:
243:
237:January 2024
234:
224:
217:
210:
203:
191:
179:Please help
174:verification
171:
119:exaggerating
112:
100:
91:
89:
61:
57:manipulating
27:affected by
20:
18:
3118:Gulabi Gang
3040:Periodicals
2899:Other films
2821:Erin Pizzey
2816:Ellen Pence
2656:South Korea
2626:Philippines
2586:New Zealand
2415:Child abuse
2359:Elder abuse
2262:Gaslighting
2247:Humiliation
2190:Dowry death
2175:Acid attack
1925:Haim Ginott
1900:John Bowlby
1746:Child abuse
1666:educational
1582:Habituation
1567:Co-sleeping
1353:Behaviorism
1281:Foster care
1271:Coparenting
1174:Grandiosity
1169:Entitlement
1043:Don Juanism
992:God complex
532:: 249–254.
508:Clone Being
443:Child abuse
426:adolescence
344:self-hatred
336:codependent
334:and become
267:parent, or
261:codependent
103:true selves
72:grandiosity
64:self-esteem
3190:Narcissism
3179:Categories
2991:Submission
2928:Bordertown
2806:Anne Cools
2796:Sarah Buel
2661:Tajikistan
2516:Bangladesh
2453:Prevention
2282:Mind games
1940:Truby King
1834:Disownment
1647:Television
1637:Role model
1562:Child care
1540:Techniques
1506:Soccer mom
1476:Enmeshment
1413:Pediatrics
1136:withdrawal
1091:Dark triad
1053:Leadership
1031:In society
968:Narcissism
619:(3): 159.
495:References
458:Enmeshment
417:depression
380:possessive
363:acting out
359:body image
351:victimized
328:false self
292:aggression
288:false self
207:newspapers
143:compliance
123:Punishment
92:narcissism
37:attachment
29:narcissism
3195:Parenting
2942:Daughters
2779:Activists
2723:Academics
2581:Lithuania
2511:Australia
2496:Argentina
2272:Isolation
1874:Paternity
1805:Legal and
1705:Grounding
1602:Kommune 1
1577:Education
1552:Allowance
1461:Baby talk
1316:Surrogacy
1230:Parenting
922:Miller A
881:0265-9883
758:0022-3506
635:2076-0760
591:(3): 339.
554:149369979
546:0191-8869
385:extrinsic
340:true self
316:repressed
131:criticism
90:The term
2977:Provoked
2695:Religion
2666:Thailand
2616:Paraguay
2606:Pakistan
2541:Colombia
2403:Children
2379:Misogyny
2374:Misandry
2312:Stalking
2228:Bullying
2167:Physical
1920:Jo Frost
1854:Marriage
1720:Time-out
1296:Orphaned
1261:Adoptive
1190:Category
1116:neurosis
982:Egomania
766:22433002
691:33655460
665:(1): 4.
436:See also
392:physical
290:and use
277:mirrored
3143:Respect
2921:Blinded
2716:Experts
2631:Romania
2596:Nigeria
2546:Ecuador
2521:Bolivia
2506:Albania
2501:Armenia
2489:Country
2369:Lesbian
2330:Victims
2287:Nagging
2077:Outline
2070:General
1888:Experts
1664: (
1629: (
1557:Bedtime
1521:Theybie
1164:Empathy
1121:elation
1084:history
1063:Parents
987:Egotism
682:7925789
355:bullies
221:scholar
107:control
76:empathy
41:control
3185:Family
3138:Refuge
2949:Enough
2676:Uganda
2671:Turkey
2636:Russia
2611:Panama
2601:Norway
2591:Norway
2571:Mexico
2556:Guyana
2526:Brazil
2337:Adults
2129:Sexual
1781:Incest
1700:Curfew
1438:Styles
1256:Father
1251:Mother
1246:Parent
1131:supply
1111:injury
1002:Hubris
919:(1997)
879:
843:
808:
764:
756:
689:
679:
633:
552:
544:
312:denied
223:
216:
209:
202:
194:
68:blamed
25:parent
3152:Legal
3008:Books
2839:Media
2641:Samoa
2576:Kenya
2561:India
2551:Ghana
2536:China
2531:Chile
2121:Forms
2082:Abuse
1729:Abuse
1336:Areas
581:(PDF)
550:S2CID
330:as a
320:shame
228:JSTOR
214:books
139:guilt
127:blame
23:is a
2621:Peru
2566:Iran
2205:Sati
1631:date
1627:Play
1388:Love
877:ISSN
841:ISBN
806:ISBN
762:PMID
754:ISSN
687:PMID
631:ISSN
542:ISSN
394:and
294:and
200:news
1662:Toy
869:doi
833:doi
798:doi
746:doi
677:PMC
667:doi
621:doi
534:doi
530:117
353:or
183:by
133:or
31:or
3181::
898:.
875:.
865:21
863:.
839:,
819:^
804:,
774:^
760:.
752:.
742:80
740:.
728:^
719:,
685:.
675:.
661:.
657:.
643:^
629:.
617:12
615:.
611:.
597:^
589:15
587:.
583:.
548:.
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528:.
524:.
149:.
129:,
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1633:)
1334:·
1222:e
1215:t
1208:v
960:e
953:t
946:v
883:.
871::
835::
800::
768:.
748::
693:.
669::
663:8
637:.
623::
556:.
536::
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244:(
239:)
235:(
225:·
218:·
211:·
204:·
177:.
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