240:
1356:
1369:
247:
347:
Suárez and
Emparan have identified three interdigitating members of the formation the older one being Miembro Icalma, the youngest one being Miembro Lonquimay and Miembro Lolén-Pacunto being in-between. The ages of the formation as well of that of the members have been established through fossil
427:) to shallow marine environments (limestone) and culminating with an upper region displaying a continental environment (paleochannels). Tectonically, the formation is assumed to have deposited either in the westernmost fringes of
1250:
770:
64:
720:
1037:
979:
949:
730:
1255:
389:
1235:
529:
1403:
1398:
147:
1245:
239:
1453:
1448:
1413:
404:
Miembro Lolén-Pacunto is made up chiefly of mudstone and sandstone. Miembro
Lonquimay stands out for containing limestone and
1408:
1393:
1220:
1418:
1240:
331:
age. Further north in Chile the formation is similar to
Nacientes del Teno Formation while in Argentina it is similar to
1147:
1205:
1195:
1225:
577:
592:
480:
1276:
1230:
522:
1057:
140:
1200:
1177:
1157:
934:
1433:
1423:
1321:
362:
and other features indicative of deep marine eruptions. Volcanic rocks, including basalt, belong to the
1458:
1215:
1210:
1172:
1162:
660:
367:
1062:
645:
1331:
984:
515:
1443:
1152:
1438:
1316:
1085:
939:
780:
481:"El Jurásico de la cuenca de Neuquén en Lonquimay, Chile: Formación Nacientes del Biobío (38-39°8)"
1428:
1127:
843:
790:
690:
363:
1341:
655:
312:
128:
1311:
848:
675:
1167:
1100:
1095:
893:
805:
785:
765:
582:
1067:
800:
1027:
994:
944:
858:
725:
710:
705:
665:
587:
332:
276:
1105:
853:
700:
8:
760:
1291:
999:
186:
182:
1047:
969:
695:
680:
552:
284:
211:
42:
1336:
670:
1042:
974:
964:
833:
775:
745:
740:
735:
640:
630:
420:
1009:
989:
959:
903:
898:
888:
873:
868:
815:
795:
685:
538:
336:
300:
268:
428:
1326:
1032:
954:
883:
878:
838:
810:
755:
750:
715:
432:
328:
567:
1360:
1306:
485:
383:
316:
1387:
1296:
1286:
1271:
1090:
650:
635:
466:
Suárez, M. and
Emparan, C. (1997). Hoja Curacautín, Carta geológica de Chile.
394:
324:
162:
149:
28:
24:
1373:
1301:
1281:
436:
423:
showing a successive shallowing of deep marine environments (pillow lavas,
405:
371:
32:
359:
926:
863:
435:. In both cases the formation must have been deposited very close to a
375:
1355:
1119:
1004:
825:
557:
424:
304:
292:
110:
102:
1077:
1019:
917:
613:
562:
507:
417:
398:
349:
308:
106:
622:
572:
280:
124:
356:
296:
95:
378:
288:
120:
98:
246:
381:. Miembro Icalma do also contains marine fossils of
474:
472:
462:
460:
458:
456:
454:
452:
469:
311:. Some less abundant sedimentary lithologies are
1385:
478:
449:
416:The formation is interpreted as indicative of a
523:
530:
516:
393:in its sedimentary strata that indicate a
479:De la Cruz, Rita; Suárez, Manuel (1997).
1386:
303:and marine sedimentary rocks, such as
254:Nacientes del Biobío Formation (Chile)
511:
537:
13:
14:
1470:
411:
1404:Jurassic System of South America
1399:Geologic formations of Argentina
1367:
1354:
245:
238:
82:>2,450 m (8,040 ft)
319:. The formation is intruded by
317:volcaniclastic sedimentary rock
342:
295:. The formation is made up of
283:near the uppermost reaches of
273:Formación Nacientes del Biobío
265:Nacientes del Biobío Formation
19:Nacientes del Biobío Formation
1:
1414:Middle Jurassic South America
442:
1409:Early Jurassic South America
1394:Geologic formations of Chile
7:
1454:Geology of Neuquén Province
1449:Geology of Araucanía Region
1419:Late Jurassic South America
10:
1475:
486:Revista Geológica de Chile
439:, active in the Jurassic.
1350:
1332:Reigolil-Pirihueico Fault
1264:
1186:
1140:
1118:
1076:
1018:
925:
916:
824:
621:
612:
601:
545:
233:
225:
217:
207:
202:
192:
178:
139:
134:
116:
91:
86:
78:
70:
60:
48:
38:
23:
18:
1317:Magallanes-Fagnano Fault
1053:Nacientes del Biobío Fm.
355:Miembro Icalma contains
321:Grupo Plutónico Galletué
65:Vizcacha-Cumilao Complex
1128:Llano de Chocolate Beds
408:filled with sandstone.
1322:Mocha-Villarrica Fault
1058:Nacientes del Teno Fm.
401:age for the sub-unit.
291:, and nearby areas of
272:
125:volcaniclastic breccia
1148:Coastal central Chile
1277:Biobío-Aluminé Fault
1246:Quebrada del Carrizo
661:Caleta Herradura Fm.
333:Los Molles Formation
277:geological formation
221:Suárez & Emparan
1364: •
1312:Liquiñe-Ofqui Fault
985:Punta del Cobre Fm.
935:Baños del Flaco Fm.
771:Quebrada Macusa Fm.
287:, in south-central
159: /
25:Stratigraphic range
1434:Jurassic volcanism
1424:Jurassic Argentina
1361:Geology portal
1086:Canto del Agua Fm.
940:Cerro Colorado Fm.
553:Arequipa-Antofalla
43:Geologic formation
1459:Basalt formations
1381:
1380:
1221:Cordillera Darwin
1136:
1135:
1114:
1113:
1063:Pan de Azúcar Fm.
912:
911:
844:Caleta Chonos Fm.
791:Santo Domingo Fm.
691:Cola de Zorro Fm.
646:Bahía Inglesa Fm.
421:marine regression
301:pyroclastic rocks
262:
261:
1466:
1374:Chile portal
1372:
1371:
1370:
1359:
1358:
1292:El Arrayán Fault
1256:Tierra del Fuego
1173:South Patagonian
1163:North Patagonian
923:
922:
656:Caleta Godoy Fm.
619:
618:
610:
609:
539:Geology of Chile
532:
525:
518:
509:
508:
502:
501:
499:
498:
476:
467:
464:
374:affinities with
337:Lotena Formation
249:
248:
242:
187:Araucanía Region
183:Neuquén Province
174:
173:
171:
170:
169:
164:
160:
157:
156:
155:
152:
16:
15:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1439:Tuff formations
1384:
1383:
1382:
1377:
1368:
1366:
1353:
1346:
1342:Valeriano Fault
1337:San Ramón Fault
1327:Pichilemu Fault
1260:
1241:Punta de Choros
1188:
1182:
1178:Vicuña Mackenna
1158:Futrono-Riñihue
1132:
1110:
1101:Santa Juana Fm.
1096:Panguipulli Fm.
1072:
1014:
950:Chañarcillo Gp.
908:
854:Cura-Mallín Gp.
820:
806:Trapa-Trapa Fm.
701:Cura-Mallín Gp.
605:
603:
597:
541:
536:
506:
505:
496:
494:
477:
470:
465:
450:
445:
433:intra-arc basin
414:
370:series showing
345:
329:Late Cretaceous
258:
257:
256:
255:
252:
251:
250:
197:
185:
167:
165:
161:
158:
153:
150:
148:
146:
145:
55:
53:
12:
11:
5:
1472:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1429:Jurassic Chile
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1379:
1378:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1345:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1307:Lanalhue Fault
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1258:
1253:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1192:
1190:
1184:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1144:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1109:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1080:
1074:
1073:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1028:Chacarilla Fm.
1024:
1022:
1016:
1015:
1013:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
995:Quiriquina Fm.
992:
990:Purilactis Gp.
987:
982:
977:
972:
967:
962:
960:Divisadero Gp.
957:
952:
947:
945:Chacarilla Fm.
942:
937:
931:
929:
920:
914:
913:
910:
909:
907:
906:
901:
896:
894:Pupunahue Beds
891:
889:Purilactis Gp.
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
859:La Cascada Fm.
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
830:
828:
822:
821:
819:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
793:
788:
786:San Pedro Beds
783:
778:
773:
768:
766:Pupunahue Beds
763:
758:
753:
748:
743:
738:
733:
728:
726:La Portada Fm.
723:
721:La Montaña Fm.
718:
713:
711:La Cascada Fm.
708:
706:Farellones Fm.
703:
698:
693:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
666:Campanario Fm.
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
627:
625:
616:
607:
599:
598:
596:
595:
590:
585:
580:
575:
570:
565:
560:
555:
549:
547:
543:
542:
535:
534:
527:
520:
512:
504:
503:
489:(in Spanish).
468:
447:
446:
444:
441:
413:
412:Interpretation
410:
384:Harpoceratinae
344:
341:
260:
259:
253:
244:
243:
237:
236:
235:
234:
231:
230:
227:
223:
222:
219:
215:
214:
209:
205:
204:
200:
199:
194:
190:
189:
180:
176:
175:
143:
137:
136:
132:
131:
118:
114:
113:
93:
89:
88:
84:
83:
80:
76:
75:
72:
68:
67:
62:
58:
57:
50:
46:
45:
40:
36:
35:
21:
20:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1471:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1445:
1444:Neuquén Basin
1442:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1427:
1425:
1422:
1420:
1417:
1415:
1412:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1402:
1400:
1397:
1395:
1392:
1391:
1389:
1376:
1375:
1363:
1362:
1357:
1349:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1335:
1333:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1318:
1315:
1313:
1310:
1308:
1305:
1303:
1300:
1298:
1297:Futrono Fault
1295:
1293:
1290:
1288:
1287:Domeyko Fault
1285:
1283:
1280:
1278:
1275:
1273:
1272:Atacama Fault
1270:
1269:
1267:
1263:
1257:
1254:
1252:
1249:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1226:Eastern Andes
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1191:
1185:
1179:
1176:
1174:
1171:
1169:
1166:
1164:
1161:
1159:
1156:
1154:
1151:
1149:
1146:
1145:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1075:
1069:
1066:
1064:
1061:
1059:
1056:
1054:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1044:
1041:
1039:
1036:
1034:
1033:Coihaique Gp.
1031:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1023:
1021:
1017:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
986:
983:
981:
978:
976:
973:
971:
968:
966:
963:
961:
958:
956:
955:Coihaique Gp.
953:
951:
948:
946:
943:
941:
938:
936:
933:
932:
930:
928:
924:
921:
919:
915:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
849:Cheuquemó Fm.
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
831:
829:
827:
823:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
804:
802:
799:
797:
794:
792:
789:
787:
784:
782:
781:Río Frías Fm.
779:
777:
774:
772:
769:
767:
764:
762:
761:Puduhuapi Fm.
759:
757:
754:
752:
749:
747:
744:
742:
739:
737:
734:
732:
729:
727:
724:
722:
719:
717:
714:
712:
709:
707:
704:
702:
699:
697:
694:
692:
689:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
676:Cheuquemó Fm.
674:
672:
671:Chaicayán Gp.
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
636:Angostura Fm.
634:
632:
629:
628:
626:
624:
620:
617:
615:
611:
608:
600:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
583:Madre de Dios
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
550:
548:
544:
540:
533:
528:
526:
521:
519:
514:
513:
510:
492:
488:
487:
482:
475:
473:
463:
461:
459:
457:
455:
453:
448:
440:
438:
434:
430:
429:Neuquén Basin
426:
422:
419:
409:
407:
406:paleochannels
402:
400:
396:
395:Pliensbachian
392:
391:
386:
385:
380:
377:
373:
369:
368:calc-alkaline
365:
361:
358:
353:
351:
340:
338:
334:
330:
326:
325:Late Jurassic
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
285:Bío Bío River
282:
278:
274:
270:
266:
241:
232:
228:
224:
220:
216:
213:
212:Bío Bío River
210:
206:
201:
195:
191:
188:
184:
181:
177:
172:
163:38.9°S 71.3°W
144:
142:
138:
133:
130:
126:
122:
119:
115:
112:
108:
104:
100:
97:
94:
90:
85:
81:
77:
73:
69:
66:
63:
59:
54:Lolén-Pacunto
51:
47:
44:
41:
37:
34:
30:
29:Pliensbachian
26:
22:
17:
1365:
1352:
1302:Gastre Fault
1282:Cachet Fault
1153:Elqui-Limarí
1068:Tobífera Fm.
1052:
1048:La Negra Fm.
980:Ñirehuao Fm.
970:Hornitos Fm.
801:Traiguén Fm.
696:Coquimbo Fm.
681:Cholchol Fm.
651:Caldera Beds
495:. Retrieved
490:
484:
437:volcanic arc
415:
403:
399:Mid-Toarcian
390:Atacamiceras
388:
382:
354:
346:
323:which is of
320:
313:conglomerate
264:
263:
226:Year defined
203:Type section
168:-38.9; -71.3
129:conglomerate
33:Kimmeridgian
1236:Puerto Edén
1196:Bahía Mansa
1187:Metamorphic
1168:Panguipulli
1106:Tralcán Fm.
1091:Choiyoi Gp.
1043:La Liga Fm.
975:La Liga Fm.
965:Dorotea Fm.
834:Abanico Fm.
776:Ranquil Fm.
746:Navidad Fm.
741:Mininco Fm.
736:Malleco Fm.
641:Ayacara Fm.
631:Abanico Fm.
602:Sedimentary
372:geochemical
360:pillow lava
343:Subdivision
166: /
141:Coordinates
1388:Categories
1231:Mejillones
1141:Batholiths
1038:Ibáñez Fm.
1010:Zapata Fm.
1000:Viñita Fm.
927:Cretaceous
904:Vargas Fm.
899:Temuco Fm.
874:Lupica Fm.
869:Loreto Fm.
816:Vargas Fm.
796:Temuco Fm.
686:Chucal Fm.
606:and groups
604:formations
588:Mejillonia
497:2019-02-21
443:References
425:turbidites
376:island arc
364:tholeiitic
352:findings.
1189:complexes
1120:Paleozoic
884:Parga Fm.
879:Oxaya Fm.
839:Azapa Fm.
826:Paleogene
811:Tubul Fm.
756:Parga Fm.
751:Oxaya Fm.
731:Lauca Fm.
716:Lacui Fm.
593:Patagonia
558:Chaitenia
493:(1): 3–24
431:or in an
305:sandstone
293:Argentina
281:crops out
208:Named for
196:Argentina
111:limestone
103:sandstone
87:Lithology
79:Thickness
61:Underlies
52:Lonquimay
49:Sub-units
1206:Chañaral
1078:Triassic
1020:Jurassic
918:Mesozoic
864:Lebu Gp.
614:Cenozoic
578:Fitz Roy
563:Chilenia
546:Terranes
418:Jurassic
357:basaltic
350:ammonite
309:mudstone
218:Named by
135:Location
107:mudstone
96:Basaltic
71:Overlies
1005:Way Gp.
623:Neogene
573:Cuyania
275:) is a
269:Spanish
193:Country
154:71°18′W
151:38°54′S
92:Primary
74:Unknown
1265:Faults
1251:Trafún
1216:Chonos
1211:Choapa
568:Chiloé
379:magmas
297:basalt
179:Region
56:Icalma
1201:Belén
289:Chile
279:that
198:Chile
117:Other
387:and
366:and
335:and
307:and
299:and
229:1997
121:Tuff
99:lava
39:Type
397:to
327:to
1390::
491:24
483:.
471:^
451:^
339:.
315:,
271::
127:,
123:,
109:,
105:,
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