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1054:" (horse-lord). As such, horses have been used in various Turkic rituals, including in funeral rites and burial practices. Turkology researcher Marat Kaldybayev has suggested that "the presence of a horse in funeral rites is one of the ethnocultural markers uniting Turkic cultures, starting from the ancient Turkic time and ending in the late Middle Ages."
1101:, Ak Ana sits at the base of the Tree of Life, whose branches reach to the heavens and are occupied by various supernatural creatures which have been born there. The Tree of Life is known as the "white creator lord" (Yryn-al-tojon). Yakut myth thus combines the cosmic tree with a mother goddess into a concept of nourishing and sustaining entity.
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were synonyms. Tengri's appearance is unknown. He rules the fates of all people and acts freely, but he is fair as he awards and punishes. The well-being of the people depends on his will. The oldest form of the name is recorded in
Chinese annals from the 4th century BC, describing the beliefs of the
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The legend tells of a young boy who survived a raid in his village. A she-wolf finds the injured child and nurses him back to health. He subsequently impregnates the wolf which then gives birth to ten half-wolf, half-human boys. One of these, Ashina, becomes their leader and establishes the
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legend tells about a great crisis of the ancient Turks. Following a military defeat, the Turks took refuge in the legendary
Ergenekon valley where they were trapped for four centuries. They were finally released when a blacksmith created a passage by melting a
299:, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Knowledge.
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are guardian spirits responsible for specific natural elements. They often lack personal traits since they are numerous. Although most entities can be identified as deities or İye, there are other entities such as
2351:
Büchner, V.F. and
Doerfer, G., “Tañri̊”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, Second Edition, Edited by: P. Bearman, Th. Bianquis, C.E. Bosworth, E. van Donzel, W.P. Heinrichs. Consulted online on 18 January 2023
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In this instance the ancient funerary associations of the deer (literal or physical death) may be seen here to have been given a new (Islamic) slant by their equation with the metaphorical death of
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is also one of the main figures of Turkic mythology; Turks considered the horse an extension of the individual, particularly the male horse. This might have been the origin of the title "at-
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and gave hind's milk to a colleague. Material in the
Ottoman sources is not scarce but it is rather dispersed and very brief, denying us a clear picture of the rites involved.
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the deer cult seems to have been widespread, no doubt as a result of the meeting and mixing of Turkic with local traditions. A famous case is the 13th century holy man
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Kulsariyeva, Aktolkyn, Madina
Sultanova, i Zhanerke Shaigozova. 2018. "The Shamanistic Universe of Central Asian Nomads: Wolves and She-Wolves". In:
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Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.
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elements in the Turkic culture were still predominant. It consists of a prologue and twelve different stories. The legendary story which begins in
2237:İbrahim Aksu: The story of Turkish surnames: an onomastic study of Turkish family names, their origins, and related matters, Volume 1, 2006 , p.87
1990:
Dixon-Kennedy, M. (1998). Encyclopedia of
Russian & Slavic Myth and Legend. Vereinigtes Königreich: ABC-CLIO.p. 282
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Knutsen, R. (2011). Tengu: The
Shamanic and Esoteric Origins of the Japanese Martial Arts. Niederlande: Brill. p. 45
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Dede Korkut kitabı: Türkistan/Türkmen sahra nüshası : soylamalar ve 13. boy : Salur Kazan'ın yedi başlı ejderhayı öldürmesi
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1782:"Cilbegän/Җилбегән". Tatar Encyclopedia. Kazan: Tatarstan Republic Academy of Sciences Institution of the Tatar Encyclopaedia. 2002.
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Michael
Gervers, Wayne Schlepp: Religion, customary law, and nomadic technology, Joint Centre for Asia Pacific Studies, 2000, p.60
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1288:, one of the major branches of the Turkic peoples. It originates from the state of Oghuz Yabghu period of the Turks, from when
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Amitai-Preiss, Reuven (January 1999). "Sufis and
Shamans: Some Remarks on the Islamization of the Mongols in the Ilkhanate".
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791:, is one of the most important sources for the recovery and study of Turkic mythology and religion. The book is written in
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Klyashtornyj, S. G. (2005). 'Political
Background of the Old Turkic Religion' in: Oelschlägel, Nentwig, Taube (eds.),
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1845:; H.-J. Klimkeit (eds.). "Materialien zur alten Religion den Turken: Synkretismus in den Religionen zentralasiens" .
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Content in this edit is translated from the existing Turkish Knowledge article at ]; see its history for attribution.
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is the first of the primordial deities in the religion of the early Turkic people. After the Turks started to
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KALAFAT, Yaşar (1999), Doğu Anadoluda Eski Türk İnançlarının İzleri, Ankara: Atatürk Kültür Merkezi Yayını
2193:: A History of Central Eurasia from the Bronze Age to the Present, Princeton University Press, 2011, p.9
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is the name of one of the ten sons who were given birth to by a mythical wolf in Turkic mythology.
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Türk Söylence Sözlüğü (Turkish Mythological Dictionary), Deniz Karakurt, (OTRS: CC BY-SA 3.0)
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They conclude that the stories of the Gesar cycle were well known in the territory of the
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himself. Korkut Ata heritage (stories, tales, music related to Korkut Ata) represented by
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during the imperial period among the ruling class, and was centered around the worship of
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strata of belief along with many other social and cultural constructs related to the
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2316:"Heritage of Dede Qorqud/Korkyt Ata/Dede Korkut, epic culture, folk tales and music"
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2452:"Mongol creation stories: man, Mongol tribes, the natural world and Mongol deities"
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Dursun Yıldırım, "Ergenekon Destanı", Türkler, Vol. 3, Yeni Türkiye, Ankara, 2002,
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Boyle, John A. (Autumn 1972). "Turkish and Mongol Shamanism in the Middle Ages".
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into their prevailing native mythological tradition, way of life, and worldview.
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1832:. Bucureşti/Brăila: Editura Academiei Române; Editura Istros a Muzeului Brăilei.
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The ancient Turks apparently practised all the then-current major religions in
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tells about Father-Heaven and Mother Earth giving raise to Mankind (child):
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Fabulous Creatures, Mythical Monsters, and Animal Power Symbols: A Handbook
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1758:"Türk Mitolojisinin, Kılıç İşlemeyen Şeytani Varlıklarından Biri: Tepegöz"
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Oriental Institute of Cultural and Social Research, Vol. 1-2, 2001, p.66
1174:(ie. 'father deer'), who lived with his deer in the mountain forests of
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981:(a place like heaven), while Erlik represents evil and hell. The words
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to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is
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Türk Söylence Sözlüğü (Turkish Mythology Dictionary), Deniz Karakurt,
1930:"A horse in the funeral rites of the Turks as an ethnocultural marker"
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originally meant 'placenta, afterbirth') is the goddess of fertility.
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Andrew Finkle, Turkish State, Turkish Society, Routledge, 1990, p.80
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is a central symbol in Turkic mythology, and may have its origin in
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Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity
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The Mythology of Horses: Horse Legend and Lore Throughout the Ages
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par excellence between the worlds of gods and men; thus at the
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Turkish Myths Glossary (Türk Söylence Sözlüğü), Deniz Karakurt
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from the 11th century covers twelve legendary stories of the
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symbolizes honor and is also considered the mother of most
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678:. Turkic mythology has also been influenced by other local
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mythologies co-exist. Beings from Tatar mythology include
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Old Turkic Runic Texts and History of the Eurasian Steppe
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Klyashtornyj, Sergei G. (2008). Spinei, V. and C. (ed.).
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1006:, which is hypothesized to be a Chinese transcription of
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839:, a creature described as a seven-headed giant or dragon.
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Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient
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in November 2018 as an example of multi-ethnic culture.
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1637:"Islam and Empire from the Seljuks through the Mongols"
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Turkish Mythology Dictionary - Multilingual (English)
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is narrated by a dramatis personae, in most cases by
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852:(Bald Mountain), a mysterious and legendary mountain.
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a machine-translated version of the Turkish article.
100:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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2360:First published online: 2012 First print edition:
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1802:"History of Civilizations of Central Asia, Vol. 4"
1578:on behalf of Folklore Enterprises, Ltd.: 177–193.
1443:
2389:, University Of Chicago Press, pp. 315–339.
1046:As a result of the Turks' nomadic lifestyle, the
827:-like creature with only one eye on his forehead.
219:for phonetic transcriptions, with an appropriate
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2246:H. B. Paksoy, Essays on Central Asia, 1999, p.49
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2156:. Royal Academy of Arts, London, 2005. Page 20.
1247:. The first Turks subsequently migrated to the
2211:Murat Ocak, The Turks: Early ages, 2002, pp.76
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1139:by the spirit of a deer offered as a funerary
317:accompanying your translation by providing an
279:Click for important translation instructions.
266:expand this article with text translated from
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1683:
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761:culture, as well as through the preaching of
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2450:Nassen-Bayer; Stuart, Kevin (October 1992).
1559:
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1251:regions, where they are known as experts in
670:way of life of Turkic and Mongol peoples in
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1425:
856:
63:Learn how and when to remove these messages
2651:
2637:
2420:Hausman, Gerald; Hausman, Loretta (2003).
1347:Orkhon Inscriptions and Creation narrative
1131:was accompanied in his/her journey to the
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621:
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2172:. Oxford University Press. 2001. p. 178.
1552:
1059:List of dragons in mythology and folklore
359:Learn how and when to remove this message
160:Learn how and when to remove this message
2189:Christopher I. Beckwith, Empires of the
1330:
1067:(Evren, also Ebren), also depicted as a
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650:refers to myths and legends told by the
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1507:The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity
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903:Turko-Mongol mythology is essentially
749:, before the majority's conversion to
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2500:. HarperOne HarperCollinsPublishers.
2037:, §§ 7.53; 14.136–14.140. Asch 2007.
1954:
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1824:
1822:
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787:, a 10th-century manuscript found in
2154:Turks, A Journey of a Thousand Years
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1528:10.1093/acref/9780198662778.001.0001
1470:10.1093/acref/9780195120523.001.0001
1243:mountains, one of the cities of the
773:). Often these other religions were
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98:adding citations to reliable sources
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28:
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1162:, and more specifically in western
869:List of Turkic mythological figures
24:
2619:Turuz - Online Turkic Dictionaries
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1819:
1335:Mural depicting King Gesar of Ling
753:filtered through the mediation of
209:for transliterated languages, and
189:of its non-English content, using
25:
3052:
2614:Archive of Turkish Oral Narrative
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2458:. Asian Folklore Studies: 323–334
2135:. Oxford University Press, 2005.
899:for early Turko-Mongol mythology.
329:{{Translated|tr|Türk mitolojisi}}
44:This article has multiple issues.
2563:https://doi.org/10.31648/pw.3192
2358:10.1163/1573-3912_islam_SIM_7392
1910:. Greenwood Press. 2008. p. 53.
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765:wandering ascetics and mystics (
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2170:A Dictionary of Asian Mythology
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2035:Kritische Edition mit Kommentar
2011:
2001:"Deer totem in Turkic cultures"
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1961:(in Turkish). Ötüken Neşriyat.
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1450:A Dictionary of Asian Mythology
85:needs additional citations for
52:or discuss these issues on the
2406:. Cambridge University Press.
2340:Chadwick & Zhirmunsky 1969
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1750:
1741:
1736:Vielfalt türkischer Religionen
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1677:
1504:. In Nicholson, Oliver (ed.).
1137:abode of the ancestors (Uçmag)
327:You may also add the template
225:multilingual support templates
13:
1:
2436:"Roter Altai, gib dein Echo!"
2375:
2093:History of Northern Dynasties
1847:Studies in Oriental Religions
1584:10.1080/0015587X.1972.9716468
686:mythologies. For example, in
2586:DASTAN GENRE IN CENTRAL ASIA
2559:Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski
1143:(or present symbolically in
1023:
1002:
883:("Book of Divination") from
7:
2624:Turklib - Turkistan Library
2492:Sproul, Barbara C. (1979).
2274:Miyasoğlu, Mustafa (1999).
1895:Die alttürkische Mythologie
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10:
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2403:Oral Epics of Central Asia
2133:The Turks in World History
1928:Marat, Kaldybayev (2023).
1641:The Turks in World History
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291:Machine translation, like
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2429:The Religions of Mongolia
2131:Findley, Carter Vaughin.
2059:islamansiklopedisi.org.tr
1942:10.1177/09213740231205015
1119:was considered to be the
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945:
268:the corresponding article
2427:Heissig, Walter (2000).
2021:, p. 32ff. Leiden 1997.
1849:(in German). Wiesbaden.
1706:10.1163/1568520991445605
1445:"Turko-Mongol Mythology"
1418:
1198:
1042:List of fictional horses
1035:
857:Gods in Turkic mythology
424:Chief gods and goddesses
2031:Ahmed Bican Yazıcıoğlu,
2029:; Laban Kaptein (ed.),
1653:Oxford University Press
1520:Oxford University Press
1462:Oxford University Press
1104:
1074:
811:, an evil forest demon.
777:and integrated through
338:For more guidance, see
18:Mythology of Kazakhstan
2707:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2609:Doğan Kaya, Derlemeler
2479:Cite journal requires
2394:Chadwick, Nora Kershaw
2152:Roxburgh, D. J. (ed.)
2019:Eindtijd en Antichrist
1336:
1232:(T'u-chueh) and other
969:was modified from its
900:
739:Nestorian Christianity
690:mythology elements of
3036:Culture of Azerbaijan
2539:. 新疆人民出版社, May 2006.
1955:Ekici, Metin (2019).
1841:Róna-Tas, A. (1987).
1334:
876:
867:Further information:
340:Knowledge:Translation
311:copyright attribution
2516:(OTRS: CC BY-SA 3.0)
2166:Leeming, David Adams
1576:Taylor & Francis
1413:Turkic creation myth
1398:Shamanism in Siberia
1312:was included in the
1145:funerary iconography
1129:soul of the deceased
994:. It takes the form
187:specify the language
185:This article should
94:improve this article
2923:States with limited
2659:Mythology of Europe
2446:, pp. 260–265.
1522:. pp. 1533–4.
1373:Hungarian mythology
1353:Orkhon inscriptions
1282:Book of Dede Korkut
1115:Among animals, the
889:Old Uyghur language
797:Orkhon inscriptions
793:Old Turkic alphabet
2438:Leipzig:FS Taube,
2398:Zhirmunsky, Viktor
2296:. 28 November 2018
2276:Dede Korkut Kitabı
1906:Eason, Cassandra.
1806:unesdoc.unesco.org
1655:. pp. 56–66.
1633:Findley, Carter V.
1408:Susulu (mythology)
1393:Scythian mythology
1337:
1325:Epic of King Gesar
1276:Korkut Ata stories
1133:underworld (Tamag)
1081:Trees in mythology
915:, the omnipresent
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895:, is an important
844:Mythical locations
803:Mythical creatures
319:interlanguage link
109:"Turkic mythology"
3026:Culture of Turkey
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3007:
2507:978-0-06-067501-1
2444:978-3-86583-062-3
2424:. pp. 37–46.
2413:978-0-521-14828-3
2387:Asian Mythologies
2342:, pp. 263–4.
2043:978-90-902140-8-5
1968:978-605-155-808-0
1934:Cultural Dynamics
1916:978-02-75994-25-9
1537:978-0-19-881625-6
1502:"Türkic religion"
1440:Leeming, David A.
1388:Tibetan mythology
1327:in Turkic peoples
1147:accompanying the
1111:Deer in mythology
1021:(The Turkic root
921:anthropomorphised
833:, a winged horse.
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2163:
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2129:
2123:
2122:
2109:
2103:
2102:
2089:
2083:
2082:
2069:
2063:
2062:
2051:
2045:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2007:. 5 August 2014.
1997:
1991:
1988:
1982:
1979:
1973:
1972:
1952:
1946:
1945:
1925:
1919:
1904:
1898:
1893:Jean-Paul Roux,
1891:
1885:
1879:
1873:
1872:
1865:
1854:
1839:
1833:
1826:
1817:
1816:
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1771:
1769:
1754:
1748:
1745:
1739:
1734:JENS PETER LAUT
1732:
1726:
1725:
1698:Brill Publishers
1681:
1675:
1674:
1629:
1620:
1619:
1561:
1550:
1549:
1510:. Vol. II.
1497:
1484:
1483:
1447:
1436:
1403:Turkish folklore
1383:Manchu mythology
1378:Mongol mythology
1368:Finnic mythology
1341:Uyghur Khaganate
1259:Ergenekon legend
1228:which ruled the
1204:Grey Wolf legend
1125:funeral ceremony
1026:
1005:
999:
998:
907:but became more
877:The 9th-century
735:Tibetan Buddhism
676:Mongol mythology
648:Turkic mythology
637:
630:
623:
609:
605:
604:
597:
593:
592:
577:
570:
563:
556:
548:
532:
525:
518:
511:
504:
496:
495:Epics and heroes
482:
475:
468:
461:
454:
447:
440:
433:
425:
411:
404:
396:
387:
377:
376:Turkic mythology
371:
370:
364:
357:
330:
324:
297:Google Translate
278:
274:
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158:
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145:
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102:
78:
70:
59:
37:
36:
29:
21:
3056:
3055:
3051:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3045:
3031:Asian mythology
3011:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2962:
2956:
2942:Northern Cyprus
2924:
2918:
2839:North Macedonia
2660:
2657:
2572:
2561:9 (2): 231-40.
2554:
2552:Further reading
2524:. 民族出版社, 1997.
2508:
2491:
2480:
2478:
2469:
2468:
2461:
2459:
2449:
2414:
2378:
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2197:
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2164:
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2147:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2110:
2106:
2100:
2090:
2086:
2080:
2070:
2066:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2033:Dürr-i Meknûn.
2017:Laban Kaptein,
2016:
2012:
1999:
1998:
1994:
1989:
1985:
1980:
1976:
1969:
1953:
1949:
1926:
1922:
1905:
1901:
1892:
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1870:
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1682:
1678:
1663:
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1623:
1562:
1553:
1538:
1500:M.L.D. (2018).
1498:
1487:
1480:
1437:
1426:
1421:
1364:
1351:The Old Turkic
1349:
1329:
1278:
1261:
1237:nomadic empires
1206:
1201:
1113:
1107:
1083:
1077:
1061:
1044:
1038:
1033:
1016:
948:
897:literary source
871:
865:
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641:
607:
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582:
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575:
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561:
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409:
402:
397:
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375:
365:
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353:
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347:
346:
345:
328:
322:
281:
258:
254:
243:
237:
234:
228:
216:
210:
206:
204:transliteration
200:
196:
190:
181:
177:
166:
155:
149:
146:
103:
101:
91:
79:
38:
34:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3054:
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3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2966:
2964:
2963:other entities
2958:
2957:
2955:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
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2926:
2920:
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2917:
2916:
2914:United Kingdom
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
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2811:
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2781:
2779:
2774:
2769:
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2759:
2754:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2727:Czech Republic
2724:
2719:
2714:
2709:
2704:
2699:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2668:
2666:
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2661:
2656:
2655:
2648:
2641:
2633:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2599:Tengri on Mars
2596:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2571:
2570:External links
2568:
2567:
2566:
2553:
2550:
2549:
2548:
2533:
2522:中国阿尔泰语系诸民族神话故事
2518:
2512:
2506:
2489:
2481:|journal=
2447:
2432:
2425:
2418:
2412:
2390:
2383:Doniger, Wendy
2377:
2374:
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2370:
2344:
2332:
2320:ich.unesco.org
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2182:
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2104:
2084:
2064:
2055:"Geyikli Baba"
2046:
2010:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1967:
1947:
1920:
1899:
1886:
1884:, pp. 402–404.
1874:
1855:
1834:
1818:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1749:
1740:
1738:p. 25 (German)
1727:
1676:
1661:
1621:
1551:
1536:
1485:
1478:
1442:, ed. (2001).
1423:
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1214:Turkic peoples
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1160:Ottoman Empire
1106:
1103:
1076:
1073:
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1034:
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1012:
961:and encounter
947:
944:
861:Main article:
858:
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654:. It features
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617:
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547:Major concepts
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275:(October 2020)
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238:September 2021
223:. Knowledge's
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42:
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32:
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4:
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2975:Faroe Islands
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2947:South Ossetia
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2800:
2799:Liechtenstein
2797:
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2545:7-228-10346-7
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2530:7-105-02698-7
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2437:
2433:
2431:, Kegan Paul.
2430:
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2243:
2234:
2228:, pp. 527–43.
2227:
2226:975-6782-36-6
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2027:90-73782-90-2
2024:
2020:
2014:
2006:
2005:tengrifund.ru
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893:Orkhon script
890:
887:, written in
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764:
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759:Central Asian
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721:
717:
713:
709:
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696:Indo-European
693:
689:
685:
681:
677:
673:
672:ancient times
669:
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661:
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652:Turkic people
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83:This article
81:
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50:
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40:
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19:
2952:Transnistria
2592:
2558:
2536:
2521:
2496:Primal Myths
2495:
2472:cite journal
2460:. Retrieved
2455:
2435:
2428:
2421:
2402:
2386:
2347:
2335:
2323:. Retrieved
2319:
2310:
2298:. Retrieved
2293:
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2251:
2242:
2233:
2216:
2207:
2198:
2185:
2169:
2161:
2153:
2148:
2132:
2127:
2121:(in Chinese)
2111:
2107:
2101:(in Chinese)
2091:
2087:
2081:(in Chinese)
2073:Book of Zhou
2071:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2034:
2030:
2018:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1957:
1950:
1933:
1923:
1907:
1902:
1894:
1889:
1877:
1871:(in Turkish)
1850:
1846:
1837:
1829:
1809:. Retrieved
1805:
1796:
1787:
1778:
1766:. Retrieved
1764:(in Turkish)
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1743:
1735:
1730:
1689:
1685:
1679:
1640:
1571:
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1357:
1350:
1338:
1294:Central Asia
1279:
1262:
1222:
1207:
1189:
1183:
1172:Geyiklü Baba
1157:
1151:) acting as
1114:
1095:Central Asia
1091:Tree of Life
1084:
1062:
1045:
1017:
1007:
975:polytheistic
963:monotheistic
959:Central Asia
949:
925:
909:monotheistic
905:polytheistic
902:
878:
782:
728:
647:
646:
517:Oghuz Khagan
374:
355:
315:edit summary
306:
273:
265:
235:
221:ISO 639 code
217:}}
211:{{
207:}}
201:{{
197:}}
191:{{
186:
156:
150:January 2013
147:
137:
130:
123:
116:
104:
92:Please help
87:verification
84:
60:
53:
47:
46:Please help
43:
26:
2990:Isle of Man
2925:recognition
2899:Switzerland
2834:Netherlands
2593:Altaic Epic
2368:, 1960-2007
2325:29 November
2300:29 November
2113:Book of Sui
1762:Ekşi Şeyler
1286:Oghuz Turks
1253:ironworking
1226:Ashina clan
965:religions,
815:Qarakorshaq
775:assimilated
763:Sufi Muslim
747:Manichaeism
467:Bai Baianai
3015:Categories
2869:San Marino
2829:Montenegro
2809:Luxembourg
2789:Kazakhstan
2692:Azerbaijan
2537:新疆宗教古籍资料辑注
2376:References
2143:. Page 38.
1843:W. Heissig
1811:7 December
1546:2017955557
1306:Kazakhstan
1302:Azerbaijan
1298:Korkut Ata
1245:Tocharians
1164:Asia Minor
1153:psychopomp
1109:See also:
1087:World Tree
1079:See also:
1057:See also:
1040:See also:
957:and leave
951:Kök Tengri
779:syncretism
733:, such as
731:Inner Asia
270:in Turkish
120:newspapers
49:improve it
3041:Tengriism
2980:Gibraltar
2804:Lithuania
2191:Silk Road
1714:1568-5209
1700:: 27–46.
1592:1469-8315
1290:Tengriist
1265:Ergenekon
1141:sacrifice
942:(Abasi).
891:with the
880:Irk Bitig
837:Yelbeghen
795:like the
784:Irk Bitig
771:dervishes
660:Shamanist
569:Grey wolf
503:Ergenekon
410:Shamanism
333:talk page
55:talk page
3000:Svalbard
2985:Guernsey
2932:Abkhazia
2884:Slovenia
2879:Slovakia
2854:Portugal
2712:Bulgaria
2576:Alpamysh
2400:(1969).
2385:(1993).
2118:Vol. 84.
1897:, p. 255
1882:Man 2004
1671:54529318
1649:New York
1635:(2005).
1616:27662332
1608:11614483
1567:Folklore
1516:New York
1458:New York
1362:See also
1270:mountain
1230:Göktürks
1121:mediator
1003:Cheng-li
967:Tengrism
885:Dunhuang
863:Tengrism
789:Dunhuang
684:Eurasian
656:Tengrist
596:Category
403:Tengrism
309:provide
2909:Ukraine
2859:Romania
2819:Moldova
2777:Ireland
2772:Iceland
2767:Hungary
2757:Germany
2752:Georgia
2742:Finland
2737:Estonia
2732:Denmark
2717:Croatia
2702:Belgium
2697:Belarus
2687:Austria
2682:Armenia
2677:Andorra
2672:Albania
2098:Vo. 99.
2078:Vo. 50.
1853:: 33–45
1722:3632297
1600:1259544
1158:In the
1031:Symbols
992:Xiongnu
955:migrate
917:Sky God
825:cyclops
821:Tepegöz
809:Archura
755:Persian
743:Judaism
680:Asiatic
668:warrior
664:nomadic
510:Metehan
331:to the
313:in the
272:.
230:See why
134:scholar
2995:Jersey
2937:Kosovo
2904:Turkey
2894:Sweden
2874:Serbia
2864:Russia
2849:Poland
2844:Norway
2824:Monaco
2794:Latvia
2762:Greece
2747:France
2722:Cyprus
2543:
2528:
2504:
2442:
2410:
2364:
2294:UNESCO
2224:
2176:
2139:
2041:
2025:
1965:
1914:
1768:4 July
1720:
1712:
1694:Leiden
1669:
1659:
1645:Oxford
1614:
1606:
1598:
1590:
1544:
1534:
1512:Oxford
1476:
1454:Oxford
1318:UNESCO
1310:Turkey
1234:Turkic
1218:Ashina
1168:Thrace
1099:Yakuts
1065:dragon
1008:Tengri
983:Tengri
946:Tengri
940:demons
938:) and
932:Genien
913:Tengri
850:Yalbuz
831:Tulpar
767:fakirs
745:, and
724:Zilant
722:, and
720:Tulpar
716:Pitsen
708:Şüräle
692:Finnic
531:Attila
481:Mergen
474:Ak Ana
432:Tengri
136:
129:
122:
115:
107:
2970:Åland
2889:Spain
2814:Malta
2784:Italy
2520:满都呼,
2462:6 May
2454:. 2.
1718:JSTOR
1692:(1).
1612:S2CID
1596:JSTOR
1574:(3).
1419:Notes
1249:Altai
1241:Qocho
1199:Epics
1191:baqaa
1185:fanaa
1176:Bursa
1069:snake
1048:horse
1036:Horse
979:Uçmag
971:pagan
751:Islam
704:Alara
700:Äbädä
688:Tatar
555:Sheka
524:Asena
453:Erlik
446:Ülgen
439:Kayra
293:DeepL
141:JSTOR
127:books
2591:The
2541:ISBN
2535:贺灵,
2526:ISBN
2502:ISBN
2485:help
2464:2010
2440:ISBN
2408:ISBN
2362:ISBN
2327:2018
2302:2018
2222:ISBN
2174:ISBN
2137:ISBN
2039:ISBN
2023:ISBN
1963:ISBN
1912:ISBN
1813:2022
1770:2023
1710:ISSN
1667:OCLC
1657:ISBN
1647:and
1604:PMID
1588:ISSN
1542:LCCN
1532:ISBN
1514:and
1474:ISBN
1456:and
1308:and
1280:The
1263:The
1210:wolf
1208:The
1166:and
1127:the
1117:deer
1105:Deer
1085:The
1075:Tree
1063:The
1052:beyi
1024:umāy
1019:Umay
985:and
823:, a
769:and
757:and
712:Şekä
694:and
682:and
666:and
658:and
608:File
460:Umay
307:must
305:You
286:View
194:lang
113:news
2354:doi
1938:doi
1702:doi
1580:doi
1524:doi
1466:doi
1316:of
1135:or
1089:or
1071:.
987:Sky
936:Çor
927:İye
576:Kut
562:İye
295:or
214:IPA
96:by
3017::
2476::
2474:}}
2470:{{
2456:51
2396:;
2318:.
2292:.
2168:.
2116:,
2096:,
2076:,
2057:.
2003:.
1936:.
1932:.
1858:^
1851:13
1821:^
1804:.
1760:.
1716:.
1708:.
1696::
1690:42
1688:.
1665:.
1651::
1643:.
1639:.
1624:^
1610:.
1602:.
1594:.
1586:.
1572:83
1570:.
1554:^
1540:.
1530:.
1518::
1488:^
1472:.
1464:.
1460::
1452:.
1448:.
1427:^
1343:.
1304:,
1255:.
1216:.
1155:.
1010:.
997:撑犁
799:.
741:,
737:,
726:.
718:,
714:,
710:,
706:,
702:,
199:,
58:.
2652:e
2645:t
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2487:)
2483:(
2466:.
2416:.
2356::
2329:.
2304:.
2278:.
2180:.
2061:.
1971:.
1944:.
1940::
1918:.
1815:.
1772:.
1724:.
1704::
1673:.
1618:.
1582::
1548:.
1526::
1482:.
1468::
1194:.
1000:/
973:/
934:(
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232:.
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138:·
131:·
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