240:"Captaine Mason entring into a Wigwam, brought out a fire-brand, after hee had wounded many in the house, then hee set fire on the West-side where he entred, my selfe set fire on the South end with a traine of Powder, the fires of both meeting in the center of the Fort blazed most terribly, and burnt all in the space of halfe an houre; many couragious fellowes were unwilling to come out, and fought most desperately through the Palisadoes, so as they were scorched and burnt with the very flame, and were deprived of their armes, in regard the fire burnt their very bowstrings, and so perished valiantly: mercy they did deserve for their valour, could we have had opportunitie to have bestowed it; many were burnt in the Fort, both men, women, and children, others forced out, and came in troopes to the Indians, twentie, and thirtie at a time, which our souldiers received and entertained with the point of the sword; downe fell men, women, and children, those that scaped us, fell into the hands of the Indians, that were in the reere of us; it is reported by themselves, that there were about foure hundred soules in this Fort, and not above five of them escaped out of our hands."
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350:. The statue was originally erected on the site of the Mystic Massacre in 1889, but it was moved to Windsor in 1996 because it was the location of Mason's home. In September 2020, the town council voted 5-4 to remove the statue and give it to Windsor Historical Society. But Dr. Kevin McBride, Director of Research at the Pequot Museum, noted that, when it was removed from its original location of the Mystic Massacre in the 1990s, the Pequot's tribal chairman Skip Hayward was against its removal because "If you take it down," he said, "no one will remember what happened here."
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was murdered and his trading ship looted by
Pequots, and retaliation raids ensued by Colonists and their Indian allies. On April 23, 1637, 200 Pequot warriors attacked the village of Wethersfield killing six men and three women, all unarmed noncombatants. This was a major turning point in the Pequot
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called the Mystic
Massacre "the Puritans genocidal Indian War" where "one thousand Indians" were killed. Wise notes that Captain John Underhill justified the killing of the elderly, women, children, and the infirm by stating that "sometimes the Scripture declareth women and children must perish with
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History of the Indian Wars: To which is
Prefixed a Short Account of the Discovery of America by Columbus, and of the Landing of Our Forefathers at Plymouth, with Their Most Remarkable Fngagements with the Indians in New England, from Their First Landing, in 1620, Until the Death of King Philip in
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The Pequot numbers were so diminished that they ceased to be a tribe in most senses. The treaty mandated that the remaining
Pequots were to be absorbed into the Mohegan and Narragansett tribes, nor were they allowed to refer to themselves as Pequots. In the latter half of the 20th century, Pequot
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Estimates of Pequot deaths range from 400 to 700, including women, children, and the elderly. The colonists suffered between 22 and 26 casualties with two confirmed dead. Approximately 40 Narragansett warriors were wounded as the colonists mistook many of them for
Pequots. The massacre effectively
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In response, Mason ordered that the village should be set ablaze and its two exits blocked off. As the fire raged, many trapped
Pequots were shot as they attempted to escape by climbing over the palisade; those men, women, and children who did get out were killed by Narragansett fighters. Captain
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Newes from
America Or, A New and Experimentall Discoverie of New England; Containing, A Trve Relation of Their War-like Proceedings These Two Yeares Last Past, with a Figure of the Indian Fort, or Palizado, by John Underhill Captain of Militia, Massachusetts Bay Colony, Paul Royster, editor,
140:. They shot anyone who tried to escape the wooden palisade fortress and killed most of the village. There were between 400 and 700 Pequots killed during the attack; the only Pequot survivors were warriors who were away in a raiding party with their sachem
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damaged the corn and other crop harvests of that year, making food supplies scarce and creating competition for winter food supplies. This in turn increased the tensions between the
Pequots and Colonists who were ill-prepared to face periods of famine.
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Returning Pequot warriors chased after the
Colonial forces after discovering the massacre, but the Connecticut forces avoided any Pequot counterattack despite getting lost for a brief period during their retreat back to the
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Mohegans would collect the heads of fallen
Pequots, taking scalps as war trophies. Hundreds of Pequots were killed; the colonists reported that only five village occupants escaped while seven were taken prisoner.
160:, and they had long been enemies of the neighboring Mohegan and Narragansett tribes. The New England colonists established trade with all three tribes, exchanging European goods for
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and sought to eradicate the Pequot cultural identity by prohibiting the Pequots from returning to their lands, speaking their tribal language, or referring to themselves as Pequots.
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considered arguments for and against whether the Mystic massacre should be considered an act of genocide. Rebecca Joyce Frey lists the incident as genocide in her 2009 book
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war as it enraged the settlers that the warriors would kill civilians and led to increased support for the Pequot War among colonists. According to Katherine Grandjean, the
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Indians to join his force. On the night of May 26, 1637, the Colonial and Indian forces arrived at the fortified Pequot village, which was on a low hill near the
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Destruction of the Pequots and their fort near Stonington, Connecticut by the English colonists under the command of Captain John Mason, May 1637
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758:"AN ACT CONCERNING THE REMOVAL AND REPLACEMENT OF CERTAIN DEPICTIONS OF INDIGENOUS PEOPLE AND HISTORICAL STATUTES WITHINLEGISLATIVE BUILDINGS"
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296:", in which nearly 180 warriors were killed, wounded, or captured. Sassacus escaped with about 80 of his men, but he was killed by the
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with only two exits. The Colonial forces first attempted a surprise attack but they withdrew after stiff resistance from the Pequots.
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and furs. The Pequots eventually allied with the Dutch colonists, while the Mohegans and others allied with the New England colonists.
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in Hartford. After a year of deliberations, a state commission decided that the statue should be removed but lawmakers from the
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In early 2021, some people called for the removal of another statue depicting John Mason that stands outside the
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Grandjean, Katherine A. (2011). "New World Tempests: Environment, Scarcity, and the Coming of the Pequot War".
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Engraving depicting the attack on the Pequot Fort, published in 1638 (Photo Facsimile made in circa 1870)
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broke the Pequots, and Sassacus and many of his followers were surrounded in a swamp near a
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Cave, Alfred A. "Who Killed John Stone? A Note on the Origins of the Pequot War",
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their parents We had sufficient light from the Word of God for our proceedings."
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During the emergence of the modern Pequot tribe in the 1990s, an article in
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798:"Fate of the John Mason Statue at State Capitol Is Still Up In The Air"
607:, edited by Spencer C. Tucker, et al., vol. 1, ABC-CLIO, 2008, p. 375.
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were the dominant Indian tribe in the southeastern portion of the
576:"For Fur and Beads: The 1637 Mystic Fort Massacre in Connecticut"
300:, who sent his scalp to the colonists as a symbol of friendship.
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joined him from Fort Saybrook. At the same time, Pequot sachem
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The Encyclopedia of North American Colonial Conflicts to 1775
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The Connecticut towns raised a militia commanded by Captain
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780:"Committee Advances Democratic Budget Focused on Equity"
112: – took place on May 26, 1637 during the
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Captain Mason recruited more than 200 Narragansett and
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Underhill described the scene and his participation:
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consisting of 90 men, plus 70 Mohegans under sachems
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Spring 1989, Neil Asher Silberman (March 27, 2019).
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The Society of Colonial Wars: 1637 – The Pequot War.
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213:took a few hundred warriors and set out to attack
27:Massacre of American Indians during the Pequot War
544:The Manshantucket (western) Pequot Tribal Nation
338:In 2020, some people called for the removal of a
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639:Mashantucket Pequot Indian Claims Settlement Act
563:. United States: T. Cowperthwait & Company.
346:following national civil rights protests about
348:Removal of Confederate monuments and memorials
292:. The battle which followed is known as the "
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308:in 1983 and settlement of some land claims.
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946:Military history of the Thirteen Colonies
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371:10 Days That Unexpectedly Changed America
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859:University of Nebraska-Lincoln
845:The William and Mary Quarterly
815:Lowry, Brian (April 6, 2006).
778:SUSAN HAIGH (April 21, 2021).
658:. Facts On File. p. 338.
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906:1637 in the Thirteen Colonies
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306:achieving federal recognition
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689:. UK: Hachette. p. 33.
654:Frey, Rebecca Joyce (2009).
359:Connecticut General Assembly
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733:"John Mason and His Statue"
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269:, which was imposed by the
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267:Treaty of Hartford of 1638
548:, accessed April 21, 2014
355:Connecticut State Capitol
319:The New England Quarterly
279:Treaty of Hartford (1638)
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961:Native American genocide
623:"Battle of Mistick Fort"
611:. Accessed 17 Aug. 2023.
558:Trumbull, Henry (1847).
205:. Twenty more men under
116:, when a force from the
132:allies set fire to the
956:Battles in Connecticut
802:www.nbcconnecticut.com
472:"The Pequot Massacres"
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207:Captain John Underhill
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344:Windsor, Connecticut
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786:. Associated Press.
449:. Riverhead Books.
445:The Wordy Shipmates
312:Modern reappraisals
265:A 1743 copy of the
580:War History Online
392:Connecticut portal
332:Harvard Law School
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784:usnews.com
476:HistoryNet
406:References
195:John Mason
148:Background
124:and their
122:John Mason
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257:Aftermath
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685:(2009).
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211:Sassacus
181:Massacre
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