121:. She described experiencing prejudice as a result of being transgender, stating that "I get abuse every day. I've had my dress lifted up, I've been groped, yelled at. I've heard people I thought were friends referring to me as 'shemale' or 'it'. I've been walking down the street and pushed into parked cars." She claims she was raped during this period and the perpetrator was never apprehended, an event which inspired her to take a greater role in social activism; "It wasn't just standing up for rights that were my own... Islamophobia, antisemitism, anything I saw that I didn't think was right, I would protest or post". She subsequently posted about issues like racism and transphobia on social media outlets like
351:
477:, stating "Excuse me for not choosing 'Bev' as a name. Do I look like a Bev?". Several days later, she entered a Twitter argument with Morgan. She suggested that it was incongruous that he had not been sacked despite making many controversial statements and yet "somehow a black trans woman calling out behaviour is a sackable offence". He replied that her LGBT status had nothing to do with her losing her job with L'Oréal, and rather that she had been fired "for calling all white people violent racists", a sacking which he agreed with. After Bergdorf then retweeted
342:, Otamere Guobadia argued that the controversy surrounding Bergdorf's comments was "part of a long media tradition of painting anti-racism activists, and particularly black women, as irrational anti-white furies", comparing it to the controversy that erupted the previous month following Jason Osamede Okundaye's statement that "all white people are racist". Guobadia added that in sacking Bergdorf, L'Oréal was "contributing to the silencing of anti-racism activists" by ramping up the consequences for those "speaking out against racism" towards people of colour.
159:
entire existence is drenched in racism. From micro-aggressions to terrorism, you guys built the blueprint for this s***. Come see me when you realise that racism isn't learned, it's inherited and consciously or unconsciously passed down through privilege. Once white people begin to admit that their race is the most violent and oppressive force of nature on Earth... then we can talk. Until then stay acting shocked about how the world continues to stay f***** at the hands of your ancestors and your heads that remain buried in the sand with hands over your ears.
414:, Bergdorf stated that L'Oréal were aware that she was an activist when they hired her, and argued that "being an activist means calling people out, not just saying what everyone else is saying and what everyone else wants to think and upholding the common consensus." She insisted that people should avoid what she described as dictionary definitions of "racism" because they were "written a very long time ago and not by a person of colour"; instead she argued that people should use the word "racism" only for "
498:
insisted on her right to use the term, but expressed condemnation of white people doing so. Although acknowledging that to do so on morning television "may raise some eyebrows", after the interview
Bergdorf defended her use of "nigger", stating that she did so "for a reason": "I wanted to highlight that the outrage of a black woman saying it around white people is often met with more outrage than the fact that black women in the media are barraged with this word by some white social media users."
360:
251:
505:, Bergdorf criticized L'Oréal Paris for posting on Instagram that they stood in solidarity with the Black community, saying that she had never received an apology from L'Oréal. In response, the company announced that they would create and appoint Bergdorf to a U.K. Diversity & Inclusion Advisory Board. Bergdorf shared on Instagram a number of abusive messages she received on that platform following her appointment.
221:. In the wake of the controversy, Bergdorf described receiving threats of assault, rape, and death. Many comments contained racist, homophobic, and transphobic sentiment; among the comments posted to her social media were statements like "fuck you, stupid dirty and smelly nigga". She later related that as a result of this backlash she did not leave her home for several days, describing it as the worst week of her life.
408:, Charlie Brinkhurst-Cuff argued that L'Oréal was "so blinded by gaining profit" that it did not bother to conduct "research into the people" it employed "in the first place". Brinkhurst-Cuff also argued that had the company's staff read Bergdorf's social media posts before hiring her, then they would be well aware of her views. In an interview for
316:, Laura Kennedy stated that while Bergdorf should be free to express "her no doubt well-intended but very divisive and bigoted opinion", L'Oréal should have every right to end its association with her as a result of her statements. Kennedy expressed support for some of Bergdorf's views—such as the need for wider acknowledgment of
191:—Bergdorf had stated: "Honestly I don't have energy to talk about the racial violence of white people any more. Yes ALL white people". Her post was also quoted as saying that "Once white people begin to admit that their race is the most violent and oppressive force of nature on Earth... then we can talk."
241:
had taken her comments out of context, revealing that when she had originally made the statement "all white people are racist", she was referring to "the fact that western society as a whole is a system rooted in white supremacy - designed to benefit, prioritise and protect white people before anyone
282:
on the same campaign given that the latter had been "actively convicted for punching a black woman", the nightclub toilet attendant Sophie
Amogbokpa, in 2003. Cole's representative issued a statement declaring that her employer was "disappointed" at being introduced into the controversy, adding that
173:
UK's "True Match" campaign. This was the first time that the company's UK branch had employed an openly transgender model to front one of its campaigns. On her social media, she declared: "Thank you L’Oréal Paris for giving me this platform. I hope it reaches another little eight-year-old trans girl
497:
requesting that
Bergdorf cease using it; in turn, she stated that Morgan's attempt to get her to stop was itself "highly racist". On Twitter, many users criticised Bergdorf's use of "nigger"; some stated that they found it offensive, others criticised the perceived double standard in which Bergdorf
449:
Later in
September, a rival beauty product brand, the UK-based Illamasqua, hired Bergdorf as the face of its Beauty Spotlight campaign, which focuses on gender fluidity. In a statement, the company described Bergdorf as embodying "diversity and individuality; she is not scared to be truly herself."
216:
On 1 September, L'Oréal sacked
Bergdorf. They issued a statement that the company "supports diversity and tolerance towards all people irrespective of their race, background, gender and religion" and that Bergdorf's comments about white people were "at odds with those values". Facebook also removed
324:
classifies "whole swathes of varied individuals into groups" and negates the role of inner-group diversity, individuality, and agency; she believed that it encouraged individuals to make "sweeping judgements" about people by "categorising them as part of my group, or external to it." In turn, she
158:
Honestly I don't have energy to talk about the racial violence of white people any more. Yes ALL white people... Because most of ya'll don't even realise or refuse to acknowledge that your existence, privilege and success as a race is built on the backs, blood and death of people of colour. Your
224:
Publicly replying to L'Oréal's action, Bergdorf stated: "Just know that in tearing me down, you are proving everything that I said to be true". She accused the company of trying to "cash in" on consumers with darker skin tones using rhetoric about "equality and diversity" while at the same time
388:
Mike
Davidson—both white men—had been publicly received after making controversial comments during that same month. Alibhai-Brown stated that in the UK, there was a situation whereby "freedom of speech is a now a right reserved for white toffs and homophobes, bigots and sexists, populists and
450:
It added that it did not "stand or accept any form of racism, but we also believe Munroe’s comments have been edited out of context by a certain media title (who we won't bother naming) without telling a true story". Bergdorf had also worked for
Illamasqua on a previous occasion.
132:
called Pussy Palace. She got involved in modelling, stating that she was inspired by the lack of representation of trans women of colour in the industry; "I definitely set out to empower girls like me". Her first modelling job was for a
Lebanese couture company. In 2014, the
379:
argued that there was a trend among the
British right-wing to defend free speech for white men but not for individuals of other backgrounds. As evidence, she contrasted the way that Bergdorf's comment was received on social media with the way that the politician
103:
in that period of her life. While in
Brighton, she later noted, "I went completely nuts, it was like an internal bomb had gone off and I did everything at once: crazy hair, crazy clothes, reckless behaviour and sex. I was living my teens in my early twenties."
139:
referred to her as "a cornerstone of London's trans scene." She told the newspaper that she was "so vocal" on trans issues because she sees it as "the new frontier", an issue being brought into public consciousness through the work of trans women like
488:
as a guest alongside the black writer and broadcaster Edward Adoo, invited to discuss Twitter's newly introduced restrictions on material displaying "hateful conduct". Bergdorf supported Twitter's move, and in the interview repeatedly used the word
95:, into a middle-class family. Mixed race, she was born the child of a white English mother and an Afro-Jamaican father. She described growing up as a "very effeminate boy" and attending an all-boys school before studying English at the
78:
in Western societies was valid and needed wider dissemination. Claiming this to be the case, the Illamasqua beauty brand employed her to front its campaign and her supporters followed her suggestion to promote a boycott of L'Oréal.
310:, Willoughby further chastised "the right-on brigade" for "predictably" presenting the model as the victim of the situation while not "leap to the defence of the many decent and innocent people Munroe attacked." Writing for
368:
Left-wing columnists Owen Jones and Yasmin Alibhai-Brown were among those claiming that the British right-wing ignored Bergdorf's right to free speech while claiming it for those expressing homophobic or misogynistic
272:, who disagreed with a number of her views. He claimed to be offended by Bergdorf's suggestion that he, as a white man, was racist or sexist. She followed this with an appearance on the television show
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1171:
441:
for kicks – academic theory will only go so far in convincing the average person on an average street that institutionalised, systemic racism is just as damaging as a violent, racist attack."
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320:—but critiqued what she regarded as the "increasingly popular but very shaky postmodernist and intersectional theory" upon which Bergdorf's arguments relied. Kennedy argued that this form of
225:
refusing to work towards dismantling the original "source of... discrimination and division" in Western society. She called on people to boycott the brand, and her supporters tweeted the
856:
300:
stated that—although as a fellow trans woman she sympathised with Bergdorf in many ways—she did not believe that simply being a member of a minority gave Bergdorf "free reign [
55:. In response to her comments, L'Oréal fired her from its campaign and Facebook removed her posts from their website, regarding them as being in contravention to its rules against
1307:
399:, he stated that "the right-wing 'free speech' brigade did not proclaim was entitled to her opinion" in the same way that it had done for Davidson and other right-wing men.
642:
582:"Munroe Bergdorf: 'People wouldn't go over to someone's mother and ask about their labia but they're happy to come over to a trans person and ask about their genitals'"
183:
published an article highlighting comments that Bergdorf had made on a Facebook post, describing it as an "extraordinary rant". In this post—written in the wake of the
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493:". Adoo expressed the view that it was inappropriate to use the term so regularly on breakfast-time television, with co-presenters Morgan and
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and makes her feel a little more hopeful and a little less scared about her future, than what was installed in me when I was her age."
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264:
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22:
is a British model who came to public attention in August 2017 when she was employed as the first transgender model to front a
51:" and that the white race was "the most violent and oppressive force of nature on Earth"—generated accusations that she was
1390:
278:. There, she stated that L'Oréal should not have sacked her and that it was ironic that they dropped her while retaining
242:
of any other race." She also stated that she found it puzzling why many regarded her views as "out of touch or extreme".
274:
913:
473:. It's never Julie or Bev is it?". His tweet received headline attention in Britain. Munroe hit back at Roberts on
1308:"Munroe Bergdorf, model sacked by L'Oreal, told to stop using the n-word in heated debate on Good Morning Britain"
1115:"L'Oreal dropping black trans model Munroe Bergdorf is a lesson for those who claim white supremacy isn't a thing"
433:
ideas initially generated among academic circles across the wider population. As Iqbal noted, "Not everyone reads
795:
205:. Various people accused Bergdorf of being racist toward whites; others believed that she raised awareness about
258:, where she argued with Piers Morgan; he was affronted by her view that he could be considered racist or sexist.
1337:"'Good Morning Britain': Munroe Bergdorf Explains 'Purposeful' Use Of N-Word After Criticism From Piers Morgan"
830:
418:" upholding the social dominance of white people over people of colour through societal phenomena such as
107:
After university, Bergdorf worked for three years in fashion PR. At the age of 24, she decided to undergo
1423:
857:"L'Oreal sacks first transgender model Munroe Bergdorf after 'all white people are racist' Facebook rant"
108:
306:] to insult a large percentage of the population". Criticising Bergdorf for presenting herself as a
26:
campaign in the United Kingdom. Bergdorf attracted further public attention following an article in the
672:"Munroe Bergdorf is abused while Jacob Rees-Mogg is lauded - only straight white men have free speech"
461:" for a short film directed by Bec Evans and Laura Kirwan-Ashman. That same month, the scriptwriter
202:
112:
99:. At this point, she started wearing makeup and heels; she later described herself as having been
643:"Munroe Bergdorf on the L'Oréal racism row: 'It puzzles me that my views are considered extreme'"
462:
135:
1391:"Munroe Bergdorf reveals racist and transphobic abuse she's received since L'Oreal appointment"
831:"L'Oréal's First Transgender Model is Out after Decrying the 'Racial Violence of White People'"
514:
96:
1036:"Cheryl Speaks Out Against Munroe Bergdorf After Her Name Is Brought Into L'Oreal Sacking Row"
1363:"Munroe Bergdorf rehired at L'Oréal, 3 years after being fired over white supremacy comments"
502:
438:
415:
330:
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Cole had been "unanimously acquitted" of having any racial motivations in the 2003 incident.
184:
117:
88:
705:"L'Oréal's firing of Munroe Bergdorf shows brands want our brown skin but not our blackness"
376:
350:
87:
At the time of the controversy, Bergdorf was aged 29 and living in London. She grew up in
8:
1253:"Munroe Bergdorf Hits Back At 'Doctor Who' Writer Gareth Roberts After 'Trannies' Tweets"
769:
390:
1172:"Munroe Bergdorf hired by Illamasqua after she was sacked by L'Oréal for Racism Remarks"
481:'s statement "#blockpiersmorgan", he responded: "please do, you insufferable creature".
385:
326:
197:
389:
supremacists. The rest of us must watch what we say, or else." Left-wing commentator
321:
1279:"Piers Morgan calls trans model Munroe Bergdorf a 'creature' in ongoing racism row"
465:
referenced Bergdorf in a tweet stating: "I how trannies choose names like Munroe,
458:
297:
1141:"Owen Jones: Giving the 'gay cure' quack a TV platform is an abuse of free speech"
195:
s revelation went viral, being picked up by international news agencies including
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419:
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338:
312:
237:—who was also part of L'Oréal's campaign—stood down from it. Bergdorf added that
210:
206:
188:
75:
71:
19:
47:. These comments—which included the claim that all white people were guilty of "
145:
52:
992:"Munroe Bergdorf Holds Her Own Against Piers Morgan On 'Good Morning Britain'"
429:, suggested that there were many problems facing Bergdorf's desire to promote
1417:
888:"Model fired by L'Oreal for remarks on racism will be face of rival campaign"
404:
292:
59:. Bergdorf said she also faced online harassment, much of it of a racist and
217:
Bergdorf's original post from their website for breaching their policies on
170:
23:
494:
454:
434:
410:
269:
44:
734:"Munroe Bergdorf becomes first trans woman to star in L'Oréal UK campaign"
169:
In August 2017, Bergdorf was announced as one of 27 models taking part in
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317:
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treatment; her experience transitioning was the subject of an episode of
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56:
40:
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466:
359:
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179:
129:
37:
28:
1227:"Munroe Bergdorf hits back at Doctor Who writer over anti-trans jibes"
1063:"Munroe Bergdorf needs to see that racism isn't just for white people"
262:
Following her dismissal, Bergdorf appeared on morning television show
250:
474:
16:
August 2017 controversy regarding advertiser's statements on Facebook
1367:
128:
Around the same time that she was transitioning, she established a
122:
33:
1018:"L'Oréal ambassador Cheryl responds to Munroe Bergdorf racism row"
939:"Clara Amfo quits L'Oreal campaign in support of Munroe Bergdorf"
226:
966:"L'Oréal model Clara Amfo quits over sacking of Munroe Bergdorf"
490:
307:
48:
1089:"L'Oréal are right to drop Munroe Bergdorf over race comments"
70:
had quoted her out of context, and that her wider point about
765:"L'Oréal drops model Munroe Bergdorf after her Facebook rant"
287:
92:
43:
of white English and black Jamaican heritage—had made about
1395:
1198:"Munroe Bergdorf Perform's Maya Angelou's 'Still I Rise'"
453:
Also in September, Bergdorf gave a verbal performance of
302:
1305:
963:
914:"L'Oréal Drops Transgender Model Over Comments on Race"
886:
Adam, Humairah; Ferrier, Morwenna (14 September 2017).
702:
544:"L'Oreal sacks first transgender model Munroe Bergdorf"
854:
669:
1301:
1299:
229:"boycottLOreal". In solidarity with Bergdorf, the
1429:Race-related controversies in the United Kingdom
1415:
268:on 4 September. There, she argued with the host
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1277:McCormick, Joseph Patrick (21 September 2017).
1165:
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881:
879:
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727:
725:
640:
1354:
1306:Aimee Grant Cumberpatch (19 December 2017).
964:Joseph Patrick McOrmack (6 September 2017).
911:
828:
703:Charlie Brinkhurst-Cuff (1 September 2017).
425:Nosheen Iqbal, who interviewed Bergdorf for
325:noted, it closely mirrors the logic used by
1439:September 2017 events in the United Kingdom
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1328:
1158:
1015:
885:
874:
796:"Transgender model becomes face of L'Oréal"
793:
1220:
1218:
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1016:Butterworth, Benjamin (4 September 2017).
855:Patrick Grafton-Green (1 September 2017).
731:
722:
579:
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670:Yasmin Alibhai-Brown (8 September 2017).
1434:August 2017 events in the United Kingdom
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501:In June 2020, during the international
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1113:Guobadia, Otamere (1 September 2017).
1061:Willoughby, India (4 September 2017).
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1251:McGrath, Rachel (19 September 2017).
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484:In December, Bergdorf reappeared on
1087:Kennedy, Laura (1 September 2017).
813:
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66:Other commentators argued that the
13:
1335:Welsh, Daniel (19 December 2017).
1170:Young, Sarah (14 September 2017).
990:Walsh, Daniel (4 September 2017).
784:
660:
641:Nosheen Iqbal (4 September 2017).
527:
245:
14:
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1225:Duffy, Nick (19 September 2017).
1196:Dommu, Rose (17 September 2017).
829:Rachel Lewis (1 September 2017).
689:
1139:Jones, Owen (7 September 2017).
912:Jacey Fortin (2 February 2017).
393:concurred; in an article in the
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1389:Owoseje, Toyin (11 June 2020).
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763:Tan, Emily (1 September 2017).
794:Husna Rizvi (30 August 2017).
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151:
1:
732:Joe Morgan (30 August 2017).
520:
82:
1361:Aviles, Gwen (9 June 2020).
676:International Business Times
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7:
861:The London Evening Standard
586:The London Evening Standard
508:
53:racist against white people
10:
1455:
580:Lucy Tobin (5 June 2014).
164:— Bergdorf's Facebook post
336:In an op-ed written for
136:London Evening Standard
515:Bahar Mustafa race row
259:
161:
97:University of Brighton
503:George Floyd protests
439:Patricia Hill Collins
254:Bergdorf appeared on
253:
185:Unite the Right rally
156:
118:Drag Queens of London
89:Stansted Mountfitchet
1312:The Evening Standard
486:Good Morning Britain
386:conversion therapist
377:Yasmin Alibhai-Brown
265:Good Morning Britain
256:Good Morning Britain
125:on a regular basis.
36:comments that she—a
1341:The Huffington Post
1257:The Huffington Post
996:The Huffington Post
275:Victoria Derbyshire
115:'s television show
1424:2017 controversies
1042:. 5 September 2017
945:. 6 September 2017
918:The New York Times
550:. 1 September 2017
327:white supremacists
260:
198:The New York Times
177:On 31 August, the
322:identity politics
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744:on 19 March 2018
740:. Archived from
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420:white privilege
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339:The Independent
313:The Irish Times
248:
246:Public response
211:societal racism
207:white privilege
193:The Daily Mail'
189:Charlottesville
167:
163:
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85:
76:white privilege
72:white supremacy
49:racial violence
20:Munroe Bergdorf
17:
12:
11:
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