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in the formation of a much more significant social movement. At the end of the three day conference, on July 26, the
Movement for Black Lives initiated a year long "process of convening local and national groups to create a United Front". This year long process ultimately resulted in the establishment of an organizational platform that articulates the goals, demands, and policies for which the Movement for Black Lives supports in order to achieve the "liberation" of black communities across America. " Following the
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where between 1,500 and 2,000 activists gathered to participate in open discussions and demonstrations. The conference initially attempted to "strategize ways for the
Movement for Black Lives to hold law enforcement accountable for their actions on a national level". However, the conference resulted
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partnered with
Borealis Philanthropy, an intermediary organization, to set up a "Black-Led Movement Fund" with the stated intention to "bring $ 100 million in new resources to the Movement for Black Lives". Although Ford Foundation decided to no longer move forward with their investment, they still
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showed support for the
Movement for Black Lives by issuing public statements following the movement's controversial publication of its platform. The Movement for Black Lives' call for criminal justice reform and the end of police brutality resonated with many advocacy groups. In one statement, the
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football game. During post-game interviews, Kaepernick explained, "I am not going to stand up to show pride in a flag for a country that oppresses black people and people of color." Kaepernick and other NFL player activists received intense criticism for their pre-game protests throughout the 2016
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convention is considered the first major gathering of the
Movement for Black Lives, with more than 1,500 individuals attended the conference. Subsequently, activists from the convention embarked on a mission to establish the official Movement for Black Lives organization, as well as establish a
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There was widespread negative reaction among Jewish organizations to the
Movement for Black Lives' 2016 platform, wherein the M4BL stated that " US justifies and advances the global war on terror via its alliance with Israel and is complicit in the genocide taking place against the Palestinian
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teen for intoxication. According to authorities, the teenager was unable to "care for himself" due to his level of intoxication, and thus the authorities thought it was necessary to take him into custody. During the teenager's detention a crowd gathered around the police cruiser to protest the
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must have with the communities they serve". Furthermore, the
Movement for Black Lives' goals to promote economic, political, and social change provide a "solid blueprint" for future legislators as they seek to further understand and resolve the problems that exist within the black
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following the release of its policy platform. One of the primary goals of the
Movement for Black Lives is to promote a democracy that is more representative of black communities in America. Various political organizations have stood in solidarity with M4BL because, according to
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award millions to organizations in support of racial justice. BLMF has been able to award small grants to several organizations within the
Movement for Black Lives. By Fall 2020, Borealis Philanthropy awarded $ 5.4 million to grassroots organizations in support of M4BL.
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who said, "Would I arrest them for doing it? No... I think it's dumb and disrespectful." Although
Kaepernick's protest received mixed criticism, it unequivocally brought increased salience to the discussion around of black lives within the United States.
374:, stated, "Racial profiling has to stop... but also the retaliation has to stop. Enough is enough." The group further encouraged Americans to "renounce all violence," and instead, focus their efforts on rebuilding the divided communities within America.
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stated, "NCJW affirms that Black lives matter, including Jews of color, who are a vital part of both the Jewish and our NCJW community. We recognize that the Black and Jewish communities are inextricably linked and our struggles for social justice are
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community. During the three day conference (July 24–26), activists participated in discussions, viewed short films, and engaged in workshops designed to mobilize individuals seeking to find solutions to the problems that black communities face. The
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detention of the teen; in order to clear the crowd from the path of the police cruiser, "a Transit Police officer used a general burst of pepper spray" directed toward the activists. The incident drew criticism as interest groups, such as the
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of the Black-Led Movement Fund (BLMF). Designed to support the work of M4BL, the BLMF is both a pooled donor fund aiming to bring $ 100 million to the movement, and an initiative aimed at helping the movement build organizational capacity.
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163:, which called for sweeping legislative changes surrounding policing. The policy bill included calls to divest from policing and reinvest funds directly into community resources and alternative emergency response models.
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as "an umbrella organization that consists of a coalition of movement organizations across the nation" which allowed people to "connect the dots between the symptoms of the present crisis and their structural causes."
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The conference gained even more national media attention when, on the last day of the convention, a Cleveland Regional Transit Authority (RTA) officer maced a crowd of primarily
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Athletes across American professional sports have demonstrated their support for the movement through various demonstrations and protests. In 2016, professional football player
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Shortly after the movement published its platform in 2016, 50 organizations had registered their support. One major endeavor was the establishment by philanthropic organization
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http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=STND&sw=w&u=lom_umichanna&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CA472997999&sid=summon&asid=c843213d4a832dfeadc34b9f83316ea6
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policy platform that could guide activists from around the country in their fight to end police brutality and discrimination against blacks within the United States.
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earlier that month. The four NBA stars saw it as an opportunity to bring individuals on both sides of the Movement for Black Lives together. Former
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Divestment from the institutions that criminalize, cage and harm black people; and investment in the education, health and safety of black people.
147:, Million Women March Cleveland, and ONE DC, and the coalition receives communications and tactical support from an organization named Blackbird.
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2016:
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409:
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M4BL believes that reparations are a possible and credible goal, precedented by reparations paid to African-American farmers in 2012.
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Economic justice for all and a reconstruction of the economy to ensure our communities have collective ownership, not merely access.
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902:
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movement, the strike consisted of a nationwide walkout involving thousands of workers protesting for racial and economic justice.
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438:, it is seen as "an ideal catalyst for the substantive, results-oriented conversations the current and future leaders of the
338:, have also participated in demonstrations to support the Movement for Black Lives. In 2016, professional basketball players
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1311:
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1367:"The Black-led Movement Fund Moves $ 5.4 Million to Grassroots Organizations in Fall 2020 - Borealis Philanthropy"
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In August 2020, the Movement for Black Lives together with over 100 left-wing organizations, including the
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1237:"Democracy for America Endorses Movement for Black Lives Policy Platform; For Editor Vail (speech)."
880:
305:, believed "the use of pepper spray by law enforcement as a means of crowd control is questionable."
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On July 20, 2020, the Movement for Black Lives was one of 60 organizations, including several dozen
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took center-stage at the ESPY's to deliver a "call to action" in response to the shootings of both
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1389:"Jewish groups condemn Black Lives Matter platform for accusing 'apartheid' Israel of 'genocide'"
1260:
956:"ACLU Questions RTA Police Pepper Spray Incident at Close of Movement for Black Lives Convening"
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649:"Thousands of 'freedom fighters' in Cleveland for first national Black Lives Matter conference"
471:
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1414:"Why the Black Lives Matter Platform's False Accusation of Israeli 'Genocide' Was So Damaging"
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1061:"Colin Kaepernick responds to Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg's criticism of anthem protests"
327:
1009:"Cleveland Authorities Investigating Officer Who Pepper-Sprayed 'Black Lives' Activists"
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Independent black political power and black self-determination in all areas of society.
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The Movement for Black Lives was described by Deva Woodly, Professor of Politics at
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1927:
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1114:"NBA superstars issue 'call to action' for fellow athletes in appearance at ESPYs"
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3185:
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1806:
1733:
1693:
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1224:
931:"The Movement For Black Lives Convening In Cleveland—A Transformative Experience"
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In 2020, the Movement for Black Lives released policy demands in response to the
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people", that "Israel is an apartheid state", and that " US apartheid wall".
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Community control of the laws, institutions and policies that most impact us.
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1185:"Thousands Of Workers To Participate In 'Strike For Black Lives' Protests"
763:"Movement For Black Lives Releases Policy Demands In Response To COVID-19"
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1974:
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296:. The crowd had gathered in response to an RTA officer's detention of an
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160:
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1643:
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367:
343:
144:
540:
Arnold, Eric K. (2017). "The BLM Effect: Hashtags, History and Race".
119:) is a coalition of more than 50 groups representing the interests of
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3055:
1683:
1568:
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1194:
983:"RTA Officer Pepper Sprays Movement for Black Lives Gathering at CSU"
854:
392:, that organized the Strike for Black Lives. As part of the ongoing
3108:
1738:
903:"raceAhead: Why Ford Foundation Is Underwriting Black Lives Matter"
824:
737:"The Genius of Resilience: Toward a New, Black National Convention"
1087:"All the athletes who joined Kaepernick's national anthem protest"
255:
On July 24, 2015, individuals from across the country gathered at
1133:"LeBron James and Fellow NBA Stars Call for Nonviolence at ESPYs"
622:
518:
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elected to kneel during the playing of the national anthem at an
1458:"Left-wing activists call for boycott of Anti-Defamation League"
1159:"Thousands of New Yorkers Protest Police Shootings of Black Men"
3455:
3383:
Holding a Black Lives Matter Sign in America's Most Racist Town
1034:"Colin Kaepernick explains why he sat during national anthem"
703:"Movement for Black Lives Seeks Sweeping Legislative Changes"
678:"The Movement for Black Lives Convening: An Offering of Love"
334:
Players from other American professional sports, such as the
195:
The movement's platform, published in August 2016, entitled
3852:
3569:
List of police reforms related to the George Floyd protests
429:
The Movement for Black Lives received further support from
263:
community. Specifically, the deaths of individuals such as
1475:
470:, signed an open letter calling for cutting ties with the
362:, as well as the deaths of five police officers that were
259:
in response to incidents of police brutality against the
3643:
2020 deployment of federal forces in the United States
1215:"NCJW Responds to Movement for Black Lives Platform".
250:
3564:
Safety, Accountability, Fairness and Equity-Today Act
577:"Opinion | Black Lives Matter Is Democracy in Action"
308:
3559:
George Floyd Law Enforcement Trust and Integrity Act
1476:
Open letter to progressives: The ADL is not an ally.
1261:"Who Is Funding Black Lives Matter: Ford Foundation"
232:
100:
3091:Rest in Power: The Enduring Life of Trayvon Martin
1496:
3885:
877:National African American Reparations Commission
150:On July 24, 2015 the movement first convened at
642:
640:
1970:2020–2023 Minneapolis–Saint Paul racial unrest
1157:Ockerman, Emma; Chan, Rosalie (July 7, 2016).
123:across the United States. Members include the
3665:Black maternal mortality in the United States
1519:
671:
669:
197:A Vision for Black Lives: Policy Demands for
3544:Commission for Diversity in the Public Realm
3441:Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation
2964:
1208:
1156:
637:
275:sparked a need for the conference among the
78:Black Lives Matter Global Network Foundation
820:"Black Lives Matter Releases Policy Agenda"
609:
607:
605:
410:National Council of Asian Pacific Americans
3165:Stay Woke: The Black Lives Matter Movement
1892:Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church
1526:
1512:
1442:. Movement for Black Lives. Archived from
1130:
1084:
666:
384:Strike for Black Lives (coalition protest)
1817:2015–2016 University of Missouri protests
847:"Platform – The Movement for Black Lives"
615:"About Us – The Movement for Black Lives"
511:"About Us – The Movement for Black Lives"
377:
3924:2014 establishments in the United States
3670:Criminal stereotype of African Americans
3084:I Can't Breathe: A Killing on Bay Street
1286:"Why black lives matter to philanthropy"
1231:
1182:
929:Walker, Carol Carter (August 31, 2015).
602:
3899:African Americans' rights organizations
3158:Rest in Power: The Trayvon Martin Story
1827:2016 Donald Trump Chicago rally protest
1085:Sandritter, Mark (September 11, 2016).
1006:
760:
676:Bernard, Tanya Lucia (August 7, 2015).
675:
490:
16:Coalition of U.S. racial justice groups
3904:Anti-black racism in the United States
3886:
1533:
1111:
1058:
928:
900:
791:
646:
574:
539:
493:"The Permanence of Black Lives Matter"
491:Newkirk, Vann R. II (August 3, 2016).
484:
474:(ADL) due to their support of Israel.
135:. They are endorsed by groups such as
3648:2020–2023 United States racial unrest
1507:
881:"HR 40 Primer : Seize The Time!"
869:
460:Council on American-Islamic Relations
3554:George Floyd Justice in Policing Act
2123:Timothy Russell and Malissa Williams
980:
734:
575:Ransby, Barbara (October 21, 2017).
468:Jews for Racial and Economic Justice
129:National Conference of Black Lawyers
88:National Conference of Black Lawyers
3323:The Seven Last Words of the Unarmed
817:
761:Edwards, Breanna (March 31, 2020).
542:Race, Poverty & the Environment
251:Cleveland State University protests
64:Coalition of activist organizations
13:
1965:2020 Minneapolis false rumors riot
1868:removal of monuments and memorials
1258:
773:from the original on April 4, 2020
709:. Associated Press. July 7, 2020.
309:Professional sports demonstrations
133:Ella Baker Center for Human Rights
83:Ella Baker Center for Human Rights
14:
3935:
3919:Organizations established in 2014
3914:African American–Jewish relations
3909:Anti-Zionism in the United States
3232:Can't Put It in the Hands of Fate
1488:
1183:Billings, Kevin (July 20, 2020).
1131:Huddleston, Tom (July 14, 2016).
517:. policy.m4bl.org. Archived from
322:season, including criticism from
233:Funding and institutional support
3866:
3865:
3612:Russian disinformation campaigns
1059:Bieler, Des (October 12, 2016).
1007:Larimer, Sarah (July 27, 2015).
901:McGirt, Ellen (August 8, 2016).
818:Lee, Trymaine (August 1, 2016).
423:National Council of Jewish Women
418:National Council of Jewish Women
292:activists just blocks away from
1902:Buffalo police shoving incident
1450:
1432:
1406:
1381:
1359:
1329:
1304:
1278:
1252:
1176:
1150:
1124:
1105:
1078:
1052:
1026:
1000:
981:Yang, Jessica (July 30, 2015).
974:
948:
922:
894:
839:
811:
785:
754:
735:Byrd, Jessica (July 14, 2020).
336:National Basketball Association
245:
173:
3476:Mothers of Gynecology Movement
2891:Rankin County torture incident
2871:2015 Texas pool party incident
2037:List of Daunte Wright protests
2021:List of George Floyd protests
1985:2021 Uptown Minneapolis unrest
728:
695:
647:Morice, Jane (July 25, 2015).
568:
533:
503:
213:for past and continuing harms.
1:
3549:Ending Qualified Immunity Act
3397:Taking a Stand in Baton Rouge
1933:Capitol Hill Occupied Protest
1909:St. Louis gun-toting incident
1112:Bieler, Des (July 13, 2016).
792:Woodly, Deva (June 4, 2020).
477:
3820:Racial bias in criminal news
1724:Brittany Packnett Cunningham
1190:International Business Times
935:Standing on the Side of Love
619:The Movement for Black Lives
403:
207:End the war on black people.
143:, Brooklyn Movement Center,
7:
3737:2021 Minneapolis Question 2
3521:White Coats for Black Lives
3511:Taking the Initiative Party
3471:Millennial Activists United
414:ACLU of Northern California
190:
10:
3940:
3369:Colin in Black & White
3295:Loyal Like Sid & Nancy
3288:Lavender (Nightfall Remix)
3014:Springfield, Massachusetts
2876:Shooting of Charles Kinsey
2270:Charleston church shooting
1887:violence and controversies
1822:Dismissal of Robert Rialmo
408:Organizations such as the
381:
294:Cleveland State University
282:Cleveland State University
257:Cleveland State University
152:Cleveland State University
125:Black Lives Matter Network
40:; 9 years ago
3861:
3732:Police abolition movement
3635:
3577:
3529:
3418:
3360:
3344:What They'll Say About Us
3195:
3116:3 1/2 Minutes, 10 Bullets
3100:
3026:
2908:
2899:
2856:
2826:
2775:
2744:
2693:
2572:
2501:
2440:
2404:
2318:
2217:
2156:
2095:
2054:
2045:
2030:outside the United States
2017:Protests in New York City
2009:
1914:vehicle-ramming incidents
1897:police violence incidents
1840:
1799:
1792:
1541:
987:University Wire; Carlsbad
95:
68:
60:
52:
34:
26:
3717:National anthem protests
3660:Black Lives Matter Plaza
3491:Peoples Power Assemblies
3486:Movement for Black Lives
3446:Black Visions Collective
3077:His Name Is George Floyd
888:Movement For Black Lives
515:Movement for Black Lives
113:Movement for Black Lives
22:Movement for Black Lives
3481:Mothers of the Movement
2881:Shooting of Jacob Blake
2625:Regis Korchinski-Paquet
2230:Charley Leundeu Keunang
2082:Kenneth Chamberlain Sr.
1848:Breonna Taylor protests
1832:2017 St. Louis protests
1812:2015 Baltimore protests
1764:Keeanga-Yamahtta Taylor
1462:Forward.com\language=en
1249:. Accessed 7 Mar. 2017.
794:"An American Reckoning"
3622:United Citizens' Alarm
2994:Santa Cruz, California
2956:Statue of George Floyd
2886:Shooting of Ralph Yarl
1990:vehicle-ramming attack
1980:Daunte Wright protests
1880:trial of Derek Chauvin
472:Anti-Defamation League
464:Jewish Voice for Peace
378:Strike for Black Lives
157:murder of George Floyd
3744:Police accountability
3707:Hands up, don't shoot
3436:Black Feminist Future
3179:Two Distant Strangers
3144:Generation Revolution
1997:Tyre Nichols protests
1853:George Floyd protests
1679:Nekima Levy Armstrong
1629:Natalie Aleta Jackson
1446:on February 12, 2020.
1341:Borealis Philanthropy
1239:Targeted News Service
1217:Targeted News Service
960:Targeted News Service
436:Democracy for America
431:Democracy for America
394:George Floyd protests
239:Borealis Philanthropy
201:, Freedom and Justice
184:George Floyd protests
3749:blue wall of silence
3727:No justice, no peace
3690:shopping while black
3617:Trump administration
3466:Don't Shoot Portland
3390:Our Lady of Ferguson
3316:Rockstar (BLM Remix)
3302:Otherside of America
2923:Bust of George Floyd
2731:Winston Boogie Smith
1347:on November 22, 2018
159:, M4BL released the
3786:use of deadly force
3722:Native Lives Matter
3702:George Floyd Square
3685:Running while Black
3680:Driving while black
2665:Marcellis Stinnette
2554:Christopher Kapessa
2458:Marcus-David Peters
2087:Anthony Lamar Smith
1369:. February 10, 2021
328:Ruth Bader Ginsburg
203:, has six demands:
23:
3894:Black Lives Matter
3764:qualified immunity
3627:White Lives Matter
3431:Assata's Daughters
3351:White Privilege II
3246:Cop vs. Phone Girl
3218:The Bigger Picture
2935:George Floyd mural
2901:In popular culture
2564:Atatiana Jefferson
2468:Markeis McGlockton
2386:Keith Lamont Scott
1923:Black Birders Week
1535:Black Lives Matter
1243:Infotrac Newsstand
1219:. August 8, 2016.
857:on August 28, 2016
707:The New York Times
581:The New York Times
398:Black Lives Matter
21:
3881:
3880:
3798:Police misconduct
3675:Defund the police
3653:list of incidents
3602:Blue Lives Matter
3597:Black Guns Matter
3578:Groups associated
3506:Street Riders NYC
3414:
3413:
3330:Snow on tha Bluff
3274:Hell You Talmbout
3137:Fruitvale Station
3035:All American Boys
3022:
3021:
2941:We Stand with You
2852:
2851:
2519:Danquirs Franklin
2366:Jamarion Robinson
2174:John Crawford III
2133:Larry Jackson Jr.
2005:
2004:
1784:Syrus Marcus Ware
1464:. August 13, 2020
1040:. August 27, 2016
168:COVID-19 pandemic
121:black communities
109:
108:
74:50 organizations
3931:
3869:
3868:
3808:racial profiling
3771:Police brutality
3587:All Lives Matter
2984:Portland, Oregon
2962:
2961:
2930:Portland, Oregon
2906:
2905:
2726:Andrew Brown Jr.
2670:Chaniece Wallace
2640:Oluwatoyin Salau
2412:Jocques Clemmons
2381:Terence Crutcher
2336:Philando Castile
2275:Jonathan Sanders
2138:Jonathan Ferrell
2052:
2051:
2047:Deaths protested
1928:Blackout Tuesday
1797:
1796:
1754:Samuel Sinyangwe
1659:Colin Kaepernick
1599:Darnella Frazier
1594:Bruce Franks Jr.
1584:Aalayah Eastmond
1579:Patrisse Cullors
1528:
1521:
1514:
1505:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1497:Official website
1482:
1473:
1471:
1469:
1454:
1448:
1447:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1420:. August 5, 2016
1410:
1404:
1403:
1401:
1399:
1385:
1379:
1378:
1376:
1374:
1363:
1357:
1356:
1354:
1352:
1343:. Archived from
1333:
1327:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1308:
1302:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1282:
1276:
1275:
1273:
1271:
1256:
1250:
1235:
1229:
1228:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1180:
1174:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1154:
1148:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1128:
1122:
1121:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1100:
1098:
1082:
1076:
1075:
1073:
1071:
1056:
1050:
1049:
1047:
1045:
1030:
1024:
1023:
1021:
1019:
1004:
998:
997:
995:
993:
978:
972:
971:
969:
967:
952:
946:
945:
943:
941:
926:
920:
919:
917:
915:
908:Fortune magazine
898:
892:
891:
890:. pp. 1–12.
885:
873:
867:
866:
864:
862:
853:. Archived from
843:
837:
836:
834:
832:
815:
809:
808:
806:
804:
789:
783:
782:
780:
778:
758:
752:
751:
749:
747:
732:
726:
725:
723:
721:
699:
693:
692:
690:
688:
673:
664:
663:
661:
659:
644:
635:
634:
632:
630:
621:. Archived from
611:
600:
599:
597:
595:
572:
566:
565:
537:
531:
530:
528:
526:
507:
501:
500:
488:
440:Democratic Party
370:shooting guard,
356:Philando Castile
315:Colin Kaepernick
298:African-American
290:African-American
277:African-American
261:African-American
105:
102:
48:
46:
41:
24:
20:
3939:
3938:
3934:
3933:
3932:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3884:
3883:
3882:
3877:
3857:
3835:Taking the knee
3830:Save the Boards
3781:pain compliance
3712:I can't breathe
3697:Ferguson effect
3631:
3580:with opposition
3579:
3573:
3531:
3525:
3419:Activist groups
3410:
3356:
3337:This Is America
3281:I Can't Breathe
3191:
3151:The Hate U Give
3096:
3070:The Hate U Give
3018:
2960:
2950:Say Their Names
2895:
2858:
2848:
2822:
2783:Keenan Anderson
2771:
2740:
2689:
2650:Rayshard Brooks
2568:
2544:Layleen Polanco
2509:George Robinson
2497:
2493:EJ Bradford Jr.
2473:Daniel Hambrick
2463:Antwon Rose Jr.
2436:
2400:
2351:Abdirahman Abdi
2314:
2290:Mansur Ball-Bey
2265:William Chapman
2245:Meagan Hockaday
2225:Natasha McKenna
2213:
2189:Laquan McDonald
2164:Dontre Hamilton
2152:
2148:Renisha McBride
2103:Ramarley Graham
2091:
2041:
2001:
1960:Athlete strikes
1938:Academic strike
1836:
1807:Ferguson unrest
1788:
1734:Teressa Raiford
1694:Philip McHarris
1634:Marissa Johnson
1549:Melina Abdullah
1537:
1532:
1495:
1494:
1491:
1486:
1485:
1467:
1465:
1456:
1455:
1451:
1440:"Invest–Divest"
1438:
1437:
1433:
1423:
1421:
1418:Tablet Magazine
1412:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1387:
1386:
1382:
1372:
1370:
1365:
1364:
1360:
1350:
1348:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1320:
1318:
1316:Ford Foundation
1310:
1309:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1292:. July 19, 2016
1290:Ford Foundation
1284:
1283:
1279:
1269:
1267:
1259:McGirt, Ellen.
1257:
1253:
1241:, 7 Dec. 2016.
1236:
1232:
1214:
1213:
1209:
1199:
1197:
1181:
1177:
1167:
1165:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1139:
1129:
1125:
1118:Washington Post
1110:
1106:
1096:
1094:
1083:
1079:
1069:
1067:
1065:Washington Post
1057:
1053:
1043:
1041:
1032:
1031:
1027:
1017:
1015:
1013:Washington Post
1005:
1001:
991:
989:
979:
975:
965:
963:
962:. July 30, 2015
954:
953:
949:
939:
937:
927:
923:
913:
911:
899:
895:
883:
874:
870:
860:
858:
851:policy.m4bl.org
845:
844:
840:
830:
828:
816:
812:
802:
800:
790:
786:
776:
774:
759:
755:
745:
743:
733:
729:
719:
717:
701:
700:
696:
686:
684:
674:
667:
657:
655:
645:
638:
628:
626:
613:
612:
603:
593:
591:
573:
569:
538:
534:
524:
522:
509:
508:
504:
489:
485:
480:
448:Ford Foundation
406:
396:and the larger
386:
380:
352:Carmelo Anthony
311:
253:
248:
235:
193:
176:
137:Color of Change
99:
71:
56:Cleveland, Ohio
44:
42:
39:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3937:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3856:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3837:
3832:
3827:
3822:
3817:
3816:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3791:use of torture
3788:
3783:
3778:
3776:militarization
3768:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3759:police perjury
3756:
3751:
3741:
3740:
3739:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3687:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3656:
3655:
3645:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3632:
3630:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3583:
3581:
3575:
3574:
3572:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3541:
3535:
3533:
3527:
3526:
3524:
3523:
3518:
3513:
3508:
3503:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3463:
3458:
3453:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3433:
3428:
3426:8 to Abolition
3422:
3420:
3416:
3415:
3412:
3411:
3409:
3408:
3400:
3393:
3386:
3379:
3372:
3364:
3362:
3358:
3357:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3340:
3333:
3326:
3319:
3312:
3305:
3298:
3291:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3263:
3256:
3249:
3242:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3214:
3207:
3199:
3197:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3186:Whose Streets?
3182:
3175:
3172:Stranger Fruit
3168:
3161:
3154:
3147:
3140:
3133:
3126:
3119:
3112:
3104:
3102:
3098:
3097:
3095:
3094:
3087:
3080:
3073:
3066:
3059:
3052:
3045:
3042:Black Software
3038:
3030:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3016:
3011:
3010:
3009:
3004:
2996:
2991:
2989:Salt Lake City
2986:
2981:
2976:
2970:
2968:
2959:
2958:
2953:
2946:
2945:
2944:
2937:
2927:
2926:
2925:
2914:
2912:
2903:
2897:
2896:
2894:
2893:
2888:
2883:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2866:Kalief Browder
2862:
2860:
2854:
2853:
2850:
2849:
2847:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2830:
2828:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2808:Johnny Hollman
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2779:
2777:
2773:
2772:
2770:
2769:
2764:
2762:Jayland Walker
2759:
2754:
2748:
2746:
2742:
2741:
2739:
2738:
2736:Leneal Frazier
2733:
2728:
2723:
2721:Ma'Khia Bryant
2718:
2713:
2708:
2703:
2697:
2695:
2691:
2690:
2688:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2675:Walter Wallace
2672:
2667:
2662:
2657:
2652:
2647:
2642:
2637:
2632:
2630:James Scurlock
2627:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2595:Breonna Taylor
2592:
2587:
2582:
2576:
2574:
2570:
2569:
2567:
2566:
2561:
2559:Elijah McClain
2556:
2551:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2505:
2503:
2499:
2498:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2488:Jemel Roberson
2485:
2483:Tamla Horsford
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2460:
2455:
2450:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2437:
2435:
2434:
2432:Patrick Harmon
2429:
2427:Rashan Charles
2424:
2422:Edson Da Costa
2419:
2417:Jordan Edwards
2414:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2401:
2399:
2398:
2396:Deborah Danner
2393:
2388:
2383:
2378:
2376:Elijah Doughty
2373:
2371:Sylville Smith
2368:
2363:
2358:
2353:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2331:Alton Sterling
2328:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2315:
2313:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2221:
2219:
2215:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2204:Antonio Martin
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2160:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2151:
2150:
2145:
2140:
2135:
2130:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2108:Trayvon Martin
2105:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2092:
2090:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2072:James Anderson
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2027:
2019:
2013:
2011:
2007:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1977:
1972:
1967:
1962:
1957:
1956:
1955:
1948:Kenosha unrest
1945:
1943:General strike
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1919:
1918:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1905:
1904:
1894:
1884:
1883:
1882:
1872:
1871:
1870:
1865:
1850:
1844:
1842:
1838:
1837:
1835:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1803:
1801:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1729:Eugene Puryear
1726:
1721:
1716:
1714:Nikkita Oliver
1711:
1706:
1704:Muhiyidin Moye
1701:
1699:DeRay Mckesson
1696:
1691:
1689:Tamika Mallory
1686:
1681:
1676:
1671:
1666:
1664:Brittany Kamai
1661:
1656:
1651:
1649:Tishaura Jones
1646:
1641:
1636:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1616:
1611:
1606:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1589:Johnetta Elzie
1586:
1581:
1576:
1574:Benjamin Crump
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1545:
1543:
1539:
1538:
1531:
1530:
1523:
1516:
1508:
1502:
1501:
1490:
1489:External links
1487:
1484:
1483:
1481:, August 2020.
1479:droptheadl.org
1449:
1431:
1405:
1380:
1358:
1328:
1303:
1277:
1251:
1230:
1207:
1175:
1149:
1123:
1104:
1077:
1051:
1025:
999:
973:
947:
921:
893:
868:
838:
810:
798:Public Seminar
784:
753:
727:
694:
665:
636:
625:on May 2, 2019
601:
567:
532:
521:on May 2, 2019
502:
482:
481:
479:
476:
405:
402:
382:Main article:
379:
376:
360:Alton Sterling
310:
307:
252:
249:
247:
244:
234:
231:
227:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
208:
192:
189:
180:The New School
175:
172:
107:
106:
97:
93:
92:
91:
90:
85:
80:
72:
69:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
54:
50:
49:
38:July 2015
36:
32:
31:
28:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3936:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3891:
3889:
3874:
3873:
3864:
3863:
3860:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3833:
3831:
3828:
3826:
3825:Rest in power
3823:
3821:
3818:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3796:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3773:
3772:
3769:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3755:
3752:
3750:
3747:
3746:
3745:
3742:
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3715:
3713:
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3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
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3658:
3654:
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3649:
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3640:
3638:
3634:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3607:Patriot Front
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3576:
3570:
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3565:
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3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
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3545:
3542:
3540:
3537:
3536:
3534:
3528:
3522:
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3501:Stop Cop City
3499:
3497:
3494:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3462:
3461:Campaign Zero
3459:
3457:
3454:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3444:
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3434:
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3407:
3405:
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3387:
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3380:
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3348:
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3306:
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3257:
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3205:
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1858:changes made
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174:Organization
165:
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141:Race Forward
116:
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3532:legislation
3496:#SayHerName
3451:BlackinChem
3406:(TV series)
3253:Don't Shoot
3063:Dear Martin
2857:Other cases
2834:Dexter Reed
2793:Irvo Otieno
2706:Adam Toledo
2620:Tony McDade
2549:Shukri Abdi
2478:Botham Jean
2356:Paul O'Neal
2341:Joseph Mann
2310:Mario Woods
2305:Jamar Clark
2300:Corey Jones
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2169:Eric Garner
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2077:Mark Duggan
2062:Oscar Grant
1975:Orisha Land
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1669:Janaya Khan
1624:Blair Imani
1614:Elle Hearns
1093:. Vox Media
548:(2): 8–15.
426:connected."
372:Dwyane Wade
348:Dwyane Wade
269:Eric Garner
211:Reparations
199:Black Power
161:BREATHE Act
3888:Categories
3754:gypsy cops
3211:Angel Down
2974:Cincinnati
2752:Amir Locke
2680:Andre Hill
2580:Alvin Cole
2199:Tamir Rice
2184:Ezell Ford
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1674:Shaun King
1644:Jari Jones
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1468:August 24,
1337:"Grantees"
1225:1810281606
478:References
443:community.
416:, and the
368:Miami Heat
344:Chris Paul
273:Tamir Rice
145:PolicyLink
131:, and the
53:Founded at
3592:Alt-right
3260:Formation
3056:Brit(ish)
3007:City Hall
2859:protested
2685:Dolal Idd
2326:Greg Gunn
2096:2012–2013
2055:2009–2011
2010:Locations
1875:reactions
1684:Eva Lewis
1569:Gwen Carr
1564:Cori Bush
1195:IBT Media
1168:March 16,
1142:March 16,
1097:March 16,
1070:March 16,
1044:March 15,
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940:March 15,
777:April 24,
715:0362-4331
594:April 25,
589:0362-4331
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3530:Proposed
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2605:Nina Pop
1953:shooting
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1424:June 14,
1398:June 14,
1373:July 18,
1351:June 24,
1321:July 18,
1296:June 24,
1270:June 24,
1221:ProQuest
1200:July 23,
1091:SBNation
914:July 31,
831:July 24,
825:NBC News
771:Archived
746:July 18,
741:The Root
687:March 7,
682:The Root
658:March 7,
629:March 7,
562:44687751
326:Justice
191:Platform
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1137:Fortune
803:July 2,
767:Essence
720:July 8,
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3361:Other
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1800:2010s
884:(PDF)
558:JSTOR
364:slain
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3843:stop
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3309:Riot
3101:Film
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