837:
861:
825:
30:
849:
589:
674:(CHP) deputies at the time. By calling for widespread political liberalization, it posed the first significant open challenge to the existing one party system from inside CHP itself. Although the motion itself was denied, it is considered an important milestone in the parliamentary history of Turkey, as it kicked off the establishment of a multi-party political system in the country.
773:
The motion was rejected on the ground that the party was already taking steps towards a more democratic environment. This rejection brought the intraparty opposition into the open. The following days were marked by even harder rhetoric by both sides. Two of the signatories, Menderes and Köprülü,
781:. As a result, both were expelled from the party on 21 September 1945 by a unanimous vote. Koraltan soon followed them. On 26 September 1945, Bayar resigned from the parliament in protest, but did not resign from the party until November of that year.
756:
The actual intent behind the motion has been subject to debate. While it never mentioned a multi-party system and instead was calling for strictly intraparty reforms, many agree that the implicit meaning was the necessity of an opposition party.
702:, an artificially formed opposition group in the CHP itself was ineffective. But towards the end of the Second World War, an intraparty opposition group started to take shape in CHP. The most notable member of this group was
732:
During the budget negotiations on 21 May 1945, some deputies led by Bayar and including
Menderes, criticized the fiscal policies of the government extensively, also going on to vote against the proposed budget a week later.
761:, the Minister of Internal Affairs at the time, later wrote in his memoirs that it was widely known that the submitters had already decided to found their own party. However, in an interview with the prominent journalist
769:
I did not . I am speaking for myself of course, I cannot speak on the behalf of the others. We were aiming to turn the People's Party into a normal party by strictly intraparty means.
1021:
741:
On 12 June 1945, one day after the land reform law was passed, four CHP deputies submitted a motion about a renovation of the party regulations. This motion is known as
1026:
515:
721:(titled "provision of land to farmers") caused a split in CHP. Many CHP deputies who were also land owners, strongly opposed this law. During these discussions
502:
247:
982:
266:
454:
253:
109:
626:
528:
538:
806:
488:
409:
404:
399:
315:
96:
599:
687:
470:
465:
810:
446:
441:
533:
421:
325:
320:
124:
353:
348:
343:
195:
1031:
928:
907:
802:
691:
651:
567:
307:
299:
89:
790:
619:
51:
950:
836:
335:
221:
794:
510:
683:
671:
381:
376:
371:
148:
860:
82:
1016:
612:
434:
363:
234:
663:
137:
699:
289:
177:
753:. The motion emphasized that the Turkish nation was ready for democracy and wider political freedoms.
778:
294:
260:
213:
686:(CHP) was the only party in the parliament. Although two times opposition parties were founded (the
775:
161:
695:
1011:
478:
154:
61:
43:
824:
707:
493:
391:
66:
885:
Verilişinin 70. Yılında
Demokratikleşme Belgesi Olarak Türk Siyasal Hayatında Dörtlü Takrir
884:
574:
190:
56:
750:
183:
8:
798:
711:
282:
144:
848:
20:
116:
100:
946:
924:
903:
562:
227:
200:
173:
726:
762:
643:
483:
166:
729:, who was also a large land owner back home, proved himself as an able debater.
746:
722:
667:
659:
703:
655:
1005:
593:
240:
718:
450:
758:
682:
The
Turkish Republic was proclaimed on 29 October 1923. However the
29:
706:, a former prime minister who was known for his rivalry with
774:
heavily criticized the decision, especially attacking the
995:
Türkiye'nin 75. Yılı Sabah Yayıncılık,İstanbul 1978, p.97
698:
himself, both projects proved to be short-lived. The
789:On 7 January 1946 the four signatories founded the
745:. The co-signers were Celal Bayar, Adnan Menderes,
983:"İhraçlarla sonuçlanan Dörtlü Takrir'in hikayesi"
1003:
1027:Republican People's Party (Turkey) politicians
1022:Democrat Party (Turkey, 1946–1960) politicians
620:
940:
627:
613:
981:Çelik, Mehmed Mazlum (5 September 2019).
943:Political Parties and Democracy in Turkey
941:Heper, Metin; Landau, Jacob M. (1991).
725:, a young and lesser-known deputy from
1004:
980:
965:
13:
14:
1043:
945:. I.B. Tauris. pp. 120–121.
652:Grand National Assembly of Turkey
859:
847:
835:
823:
694:of 1930) with the go-ahead from
587:
28:
743:The motion with four signatures
989:
974:
959:
934:
913:
892:
878:
1:
871:
736:
714:who took over after Atatürk.
677:
511:Turkey and the United Nations
471:Diplomatic missions in Turkey
466:Diplomatic missions of Turkey
110:Leader of the Main Opposition
809:and Fuat Köprülü became the
784:
765:in 1973, Bayar denied this:
688:Progressive Republican Party
650:) was a motion given to the
7:
811:Minister of Foreign Affairs
717:In 1945, a law draft about
640:Motion with four signatures
503:Membership of international
442:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
10:
1048:
970:(in Turkish). p. 435.
816:
900::Tek Partiden Çok Partiye
684:Republican People's Party
672:Republican People's Party
196:National Security Council
1032:1945 in Turkish politics
919:Şevket Süreyya Aydemir:
692:Liberal Republican Party
654:by the quadrumvirate of
516:Permanent Representative
300:Supreme Election Council
793:. After the DP won the
568:History of the Republic
90:Grand National Assembly
771:
647:
184:Current cabinet (67th)
797:. Celal Bayar became
767:
696:Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
966:Uran, Hilmi (1959).
222:Constitutional Court
155:Recep Tayyip Erdoğan
921:İkinci Adam Cilt II
791:Democrat Party (DP)
664:Mehmet Fuat Köprülü
1017:Politics of Turkey
807:Parliament speaker
235:Court of Cassation
21:Politics of Turkey
805:, Refik Koraltan
801:, Adnan Menderes
700:Independent Group
637:
636:
594:Turkey portal
489:Visa requirements
435:Foreign relations
422:Political parties
304:Recent elections
248:Court of Accounts
125:Political parties
1039:
996:
993:
987:
986:
978:
972:
971:
963:
957:
956:
938:
932:
917:
911:
896:
890:
888:
882:
863:
851:
839:
827:
690:of 1924 and the
629:
622:
615:
592:
591:
590:
290:Electoral system
261:Council of State
32:
16:
15:
1047:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1036:
1002:
1001:
1000:
999:
994:
990:
979:
975:
964:
960:
953:
939:
935:
918:
914:
897:
893:
886:
883:
879:
874:
867:
864:
855:
852:
843:
840:
831:
828:
819:
787:
779:Şükrü Saracoğlu
739:
680:
633:
604:
600:Other countries
588:
586:
581:
580:
579:
557:
549:
548:
543:
522:European Union
507:
504:
498:
479:Nationality law
475:
462:
437:
427:
426:
414:
386:
358:
330:
295:Electoral cycle
285:
275:
274:
273:
216:
206:
205:
140:
130:
129:
119:
112:
103:
101:Numan Kurtulmuş
85:
75:
74:
73:
46:
23:
12:
11:
5:
1045:
1035:
1034:
1029:
1024:
1019:
1014:
1012:1945 in Turkey
998:
997:
988:
973:
958:
951:
933:
912:
891:
876:
875:
873:
870:
869:
868:
865:
858:
856:
854:Refik Koraltan
853:
846:
844:
842:Adnan Menderes
841:
834:
832:
829:
822:
818:
815:
803:prime minister
795:1950 elections
786:
783:
776:Prime Minister
747:Refik Koraltan
738:
735:
727:Aydın Province
723:Adnan Menderes
679:
676:
668:Adnan Menderes
660:Refik Koraltan
635:
634:
632:
631:
624:
617:
609:
606:
605:
603:
602:
596:
583:
582:
578:
577:
572:
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570:
559:
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555:
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551:
550:
547:
546:
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542:
541:
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531:
525:
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518:
508:
501:
497:
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486:
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468:
461:
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396:
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245:
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212:
211:
208:
207:
204:
203:
198:
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188:
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186:
171:
170:
169:
162:Vice President
159:
158:
157:
141:
136:
135:
132:
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128:
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108:
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59:
54:
48:
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42:
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38:
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34:
33:
25:
24:
19:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1044:
1033:
1030:
1028:
1025:
1023:
1020:
1018:
1015:
1013:
1010:
1009:
1007:
992:
985:(in Turkish).
984:
977:
969:
962:
954:
948:
944:
937:
930:
929:975-14-0229-8
926:
922:
916:
909:
908:975-494-149-1
905:
901:
895:
889:
881:
877:
862:
857:
850:
845:
838:
833:
826:
821:
820:
814:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
782:
780:
777:
770:
766:
764:
760:
754:
752:
748:
744:
734:
730:
728:
724:
720:
715:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
675:
673:
669:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
648:Dörtlü takrir
645:
641:
630:
625:
623:
618:
616:
611:
610:
608:
607:
601:
598:
597:
595:
585:
584:
576:
573:
569:
566:
565:
564:
561:
560:
553:
552:
540:
539:Customs Union
537:
535:
532:
530:
527:
526:
524:
523:
521:
517:
514:
513:
512:
509:
506:
505:organizations
500:
499:
495:
492:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
476:
472:
469:
467:
464:
463:
456:
452:
448:
445:
444:
443:
440:
439:
436:
431:
430:
423:
420:
411:
408:
406:
403:
401:
398:
397:
395:
394:
393:
390:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
369:
367:
366:
365:
362:
355:
352:
350:
347:
345:
342:
341:
339:
338:
337:
334:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
313:
311:
310:
309:
308:Parliamentary
306:
305:
303:
301:
298:
296:
293:
291:
288:
287:
284:
279:
278:
268:
264:
263:
262:
259:
255:
251:
250:
249:
246:
242:
241:Mehmet Akarca
238:
237:
236:
233:
229:
225:
224:
223:
220:
219:
215:
210:
209:
202:
199:
197:
194:
192:
189:
185:
182:
181:
179:
175:
172:
168:
167:Cevdet Yılmaz
165:
164:
163:
160:
156:
153:
152:
150:
146:
143:
142:
139:
134:
133:
126:
123:
118:
114:
113:
111:
107:
102:
98:
94:
93:
92:(Parliament)
91:
88:
87:
84:
79:
78:
68:
65:
64:
63:
60:
58:
55:
53:
50:
49:
45:
40:
39:
36:
35:
31:
27:
26:
22:
18:
17:
991:
976:
967:
961:
942:
936:
931:, p.346, 350
920:
915:
899:
894:
887:(in Turkish)
880:
866:Fuat Köprülü
788:
772:
768:
755:
751:Fuat Köprülü
742:
740:
731:
716:
681:
639:
638:
575:Armed Forces
336:Presidential
228:Zühtü Arslan
62:Human rights
44:Constitution
968:Hatıralarım
898:Metin Toker
830:Celal Bayar
763:Abdi İpekçi
719:land reform
708:İsmet İnönü
704:Celâl Bayar
656:Celâl Bayar
494:Visa policy
451:Hakan Fidan
265:President:
254:Metin Yener
252:President:
239:President:
226:President:
83:Legislature
67:LGBT rights
1006:Categories
952:1850433003
872:References
759:Hilmi Uran
737:The motion
678:Background
392:Referendum
267:Zeki Yiğit
191:Ministries
117:Özgür Özel
57:Secularism
910:, p.48-55
799:president
785:Aftermath
712:President
534:relations
529:Accession
283:Elections
214:Judiciary
201:Governors
145:President
138:Executive
556:See also
484:Passport
447:Minister
817:Gallery
644:Turkish
563:History
174:Cabinet
97:Speaker
52:History
949:
927:
906:
710:, the
670:; all
364:Local
947:ISBN
925:ISBN
904:ISBN
749:and
666:and
455:list
410:2017
405:2010
400:2007
382:2024
377:2019
372:2014
354:2023
349:2018
344:2014
326:2023
321:2018
316:2015
178:list
149:list
1008::
923:,
902:,
813:.
662:,
658:,
646::
449::
180:)
151:)
99::
955:.
642:(
628:e
621:t
614:v
457:)
453:(
176:(
147:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
