77:
643:
laterals to six leaves in July. This allows the spurs to develop near the main branches. However, the red mulberry tree tends to bleed after pruning, so pruning should be reduced to a minimum and should be conducted when the tree is dormant, as the bleeding is less severe then. Removing branches of more than 2 diameters should be absolutely avoided. When tilling the soil, it must be paid attention not to damage the horizontal roots. Cutting them would impair nutrient uptake.
565:
52:
1873:
341:
220:
1859:
635:
33:
698:
a mulberry tree bears fruit. Thus, for the decision of building up a mulberry orchard, one needs to estimate not the current demand but the market potential of ten years later. This involves more risk and long-term planning. However, there are grafted varieties that produce fruit earlier and reduce this problem.
658:
Usually, the red mulberry is free from pests and diseases but in some areas the "popcorn disease" may occur. In that case, infected fruits should be collected and burned, to prevent the pathogens population to reproduce and survive for the next season. If cultivated for fruits, male and female plants
646:
In the first year of a red mulberry's lifetime, a sufficient water supply is critical for the development of the root system. Young mulberry trees should be watered thoroughly twice a week if growing on light soils and once a week if growing on clay soils. Later, the red mulberry is drought tolerant,
697:
In 2015, almost 3.4 million pounds of frozen mulberries were imported to the US – a market value of 2.6 million US-Dollars. The demand for the fruit is still rising and the prices are high. This constitutes a great opportunity for mulberry producers. It takes ten years from the seedling stage, until
688:
Nevertheless, the wood from the trimming can still be used as firewood and the biggest parts for furniture or turned objects. An additional yield of 8–12 tons/acre/year (20–30 tons/hectare/year) can be achieved with the littler parts and the leaves which serve as forage. Only 2 to 3 years after whip
982:
Duhamel du
Monceau, H.L., Traité des arbres et arbustes, Nouvelle édition , vol. 4: t. 23 (1809) drawing: P.J. Redouté lithograph Tassaert family: Moraceae subfamily: Moroideae tribe: Moreae 202746 ruber, rubra, rubrum 202746 ruber, rubra, rubrum Illustration contributed by: Real Jardín Botánico,
684:
Mulberries yield wood for timber, with an average 10–15 m height and diameter of 50 cm. The timber volume is 0.962 m³ to 1.435 m³. Mulberry wood has the same quality as oak, which can be sold for 90-150 euro per m3. Nevertheless, to achieve a quantity of 1m3, we should have to take down the whole
675:
In its native habitat red mulberry grows in mesic hardwood forests in moist soils, although they can be found in many different moist soils. Such soils include inceptisols, alfisols, spodosols and ultisols. The plants prefer deep, well drained soils that range from loamy to clayey and have a high
654:
Mulching helps to retain moisture in the soil and to reduce the competition with grass and weeds. Thus, it is recommended to apply mulch under mulberry trees. The mulch should not touch the stem as this may lead to rotting. Mulberry trees thrive with little to no fertilizer. Fertilizing more than
481:
The red mulberry develops an extensive root system, containing lateral, horizontal roots that remain within the upper 24 inches of the soil and smaller, vertical roots that go off the lateral roots. This combination gives stability and allows the tree to uptake the nutrients from the soil surface
705:
As mulberry production is not yet mechanized well, a lot of labor is required, especially to harvest the fruit. However, there is potential for mechanizing the shaking of the branches, similar as in tart cherry harvesting. A difficulty in the commercial use of mulberries is the fragility of the
671:
It can tolerate short periods of flooding and can tolerate temperatures as low as −36 °C (−33 °F). Optimal growing temperatures are between 24 and 28 °C (75 and 82 °F). At least 140 frost free days a year are required. Normally, the tree grows in full sun, but growth is also
642:
In an early stage, pruning is necessary to make the red mulberry tree develop a sturdy framework. Afterwards, the pruning requirements of the red mulberry involve mainly removing dead or overcrowded wood. To keep the tree in a tidy form, it is suggested to choose a few main branches and cut the
667:
Mulberry grows in various climatic conditions and can be found in climates between temperate and tropical. Red mulberry plants require a total annual rainfall of 1,000–2,000 mm (39–79 in) and are adapted to altitudes of up to 800 msl. The native environment of red mulberry most often
422: in) broad (about twice as big as the white mulberry's leaves), simple, broadly cordate, with a shallow notch at the base, typically unlobed on mature trees although often with 2–3 lobes, particularly on young trees, and with a finely serrated margin. Unlike the leaves of white mulberry (
701:
In future, the economic viability of mulberry production may increase even more as its drought resistance constitutes an opportunity for agriculture under climate change and as the fruit contains many micronutrients and vitamins, while people pay more and more attention to healthy nutrition.
706:
berries which constitutes a challenge in storage and transport. The leading producers of mulberry fruit are Turkey and Iran. They are the main mulberry suppliers to Europe. However, they mainly produce white and black mulberry - thus, the production of red mulberry is still less widespread.
1406:. Later, he wrote, "The Choctaws put its inner bark in hot water along with a quantity of ashes and obtain filaments, with which they weave a kind of cloth not unlike a coarse hempen cloth." (ibid., p. 142). Romans, not knowing the species in question, conjectured that it may have been
577:
tribes. Today, mulberries are eaten raw, used in the fillings of pastries, and fermented into wine. They are also used for marmalades, liquors, natural dyes, and cosmetics. The berries are not commercially sold because they have very short "shelf lives" and pack/ship very poorly.
581:
The wood may be dried and used for smoking meats with a flavour that is mild and sweet. It is also used for fenceposts because the heartwood is relatively durable. Other uses of the wood include farm implements, cooperage, furniture, interior finish, and caskets.
614:
mixed cornmeal and sugar to the berries, to make sweet dumplings. Later on, European settlers also used the mulberry fruits to make pies or preserves. The trees were also important as a source of livestock feed and wood for furniture or boats.
768:
Common pests and diseases that affect mulberry plants include mulberry leaf spot, bacterial blight (bacterium – Pseudomonas syringae pv. mori), powdery mildew (fungi – Phyllactinia corylea and
Uncinula geniculata) or different root rot
655:
twice a year should be avoided and fertilizing later than July may lead to freeze damage. An NPK value of 10-10-10 is targeted and depending on the available nutrients in the soil, other nutrients like iron should be added.
488:
The berries are widely sought after by birds in spring and early summer in North
America; as many as 31 species of birds have been recorded visiting a fruiting tree in Arkansas. The red mulberry is pollinated by the wind.
754:
Sensitive people may be confronted with dermatitis when touching the leaves, the stem or the unripe fruits of a mulberry tree. The leaf sap and unripe fruits can even lead to hallucinations and central nervous system
761:
The fruits are liked by several mammal and bird species which on the one hand is beneficial for biodiversity but on the other hand leads to yield losses or high protection costs, as netting is difficult for such big
709:
Agroforestry constitutes an opportunity to further improve the viability of red mulberry cultivation. Short-duration legume crops as intercrops improves the soil, controls weeds, and creates additional revenue.
572:
The berries are edible and sweet. The first
English colonists to explore eastern Virginia in 1607 mentioned the abundance of both mulberry trees and their fruit, which was eaten (sometimes boiled) by the native
590:
Some Native
American tribes used an infusion of the bark as a laxative or purgative. Infusions of the root were used to treat weakness and urinary ailments. The sap was applied to the skin to treat ringworm.
718:
Fresh mulberries are mainly water. Per 100g, they provide 1.2g protein and 0.85g fat. Dried mulberries, which is the most consumed form, contain 70g carbs, 14g fibers, 12g proteins and 3g fats per 100g.
443:
are relatively inconspicuous: small, yellowish green or reddish green and opening as leaves emerge. Male and female flowers are usually on separate trees although they may occur on the same tree.
745:
The red mulberry cannot be used as a short-term solution, due to the time until the first fruit bearing. Instead, it requires long-term planning. The highest yields are obtained after 30–85 years.
1467:
1681:
428:) which have a lustrous upper surface, the red mulberry leaf upper surface is noticeably rough, similar in texture to fine sandpaper, and the underside is densely covered with soft
659:
must be grown, if a monoecious variety is chosen. However, there are also dioecious varieties. To harvest the fruit, branches are usually shaken and the fruit collected manually.
689:
cultivar plantation, the tree should already start to fruit. The yields of fruits should reach 3 to 5 kg (per tree per year) on the first years until 300 kg for a mature tree.
907:
748:
Despite its drought tolerance, it can be problematic to cultivate the red mulberry under drought conditions as fruits fall down too early if the root system lacks water.
355:, growing to 10–15 metres (35–50 feet) tall, rarely 21 m (70 ft), with a trunk up to 50 centimetres (20 inches) in diameter. It can live for up to 125 years.
1065:
896:
Ambrose, J. D., & Kirk, D. (2004). National
Recovery Strategy for Red Mulberry (Morus rubra L.). Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
1642:
1656:
1849:
602:
Documentations of the use of red mulberry go back to 1500 by the De Soto expedition, which recorded the consumption of dried fruits by the indigenous
1623:
651:
it may drop its fruits too early which results in berry yield losses. Thus, for berry production, irrigation is recommended under dry conditions.
2122:
2197:
485:
Red mulberry is hardy to subzero temperatures, relatively hardy to drought, pollution, and poor soil, though the white mulberry is hardier.
2349:
2249:
738:
Despite all mentioned opportunities and benefits, there are a few drawbacks and limitations to the cultivation of the red mulberry:
2057:
2135:
2070:
2083:
2176:
1559:
2364:
2140:
1877:
742:
The red mulberry cannot be used for silk production as the white mulberry. Silkworms reject the leaves of the red mulberry.
1069:
966:
2369:
2021:
1117:
607:
2359:
2202:
1144:
2109:
1339:
2267:
2088:
2049:
1863:
865:
2275:
1961:
1956:
883:
1770:
1421:
1306:
1092:
1055:
Farrar, J.L. (1995). Trees in Canada. Fitzhenry and
Whiteside/Canadian Forest Service, Markham, Ontario.
2262:
2075:
1243:"Chemical composition of white (Morus alba), red (Morus rubra) and black (Morus nigra) mulberry fruits"
518:
1393:
811:
2171:
879:
2036:
1821:
1609:
532:
because of the rapid range expansion, aggressive growth patterns, and reproductive advantages over
2189:
1197:
76:
2254:
1987:
1724:
1442:
2313:
2354:
2127:
2044:
1889:
1496:
2153:
1524:
Sharma, S.K.; Zote, K.K (2010). "Mulberry – A multi purpose tree species for varied climate".
1927:
930:
758:
Though quite resistant to many pathogens, there are some diseases that can occur in mulberry.
247:
193:
2228:
2374:
1995:
993:
934:
668:
consists of moist forests, thickets on the floodplains, moist hillsides and river valleys.
1024:
8:
2241:
1220:
1215:
41:
1938:
1699:
1657:"Mulberry Cultivation: Know the Soil Requirement, Varieties, Propagation and Harvesting"
938:
788:
2321:
1643:"Mo' Mulberry — A guide to probably everything you need to know about growing Mulberry"
1170:
1025:"Taxonomic Status Of Red Mulberry (Morus Rubra, Moraceae) At Its Northwestern Boundary"
958:
833:
306:
71:
2223:
1969:
1555:
1397:
1335:
1174:
950:
946:
878:. Vol. 3. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press – via eFloras.org,
962:
873:
2326:
1974:
1258:
1254:
1160:
942:
806:
506:
433:
318:
314:
295:
1682:"Mulberry as a Valuable Resource for Food and Pharmaceutical Industries: A Review"
1280:
2280:
2210:
2163:
1593:
1576:
1549:
1242:
619:
114:
2303:
2236:
1948:
1912:
1624:"Les prix du chêne et du hêtre s'envolent, au grand dam des scieries wallonnes"
1385:
1358:
Andreu, Michael G.; Friedman, Melissa H.; McKenzie, Mary; Quintana, Heather V.
1216:"Morus rubra Red Mulberry, Common Mulberry, White Mulberry PFAF Plant Database"
648:
363:
321:
286:. There have been reports of isolated populations (very likely naturalized) in
101:
1359:
2343:
2148:
2026:
1401:
797:
545:
302:
251:
243:
209:
170:
61:
56:
1796:
1543:
1541:
1539:
1278:
1165:
1121:
478: in) long. It is initially pale green, ripening to red or dark purple.
2293:
1752:
954:
502:
271:
2215:
2184:
2096:
1921:
1536:
541:
842:
County-level distribution map from the North
American Plant Atlas (NAPA)
2062:
1591:
1332:
The
Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Trees: Western Region
564:
451:
424:
287:
685:
tree, which can be counterproductive in the case of fruit production.
2101:
2008:
727:
723:
517:
areas, and is considered rare and threatened in many areas including
349:
340:
259:
1883:
672:
possible in partial shading. Red mulberry is also drought tolerant.
219:
2288:
1906:
1872:
611:
603:
574:
549:
514:
429:
275:
160:
127:
2114:
2013:
1725:"Manual of Instructions for Raising Mulberry Trees and Silk Worms"
1982:
592:
553:
510:
436:
exudes milky sap when severed. The leaves turn yellow in autumn.
267:
263:
255:
150:
906:
Burgess, K. S.; Morgan, M.; Deverno, L.; Husband, B. C. (2005).
626:
and would produce a yellow dye from the root of the same plant.
2000:
1858:
537:
447:
440:
359:
310:
279:
140:
634:
32:
1598:(Volume 654, nr.2 ed.). U.S. Government Printing Office.
751:
The fruits are delicate which complicates the commercial use.
291:
283:
88:
1551:
Edible
Medicinal and Non Medicinal Plants: Volume 3, Fruits
905:
352:
329:
1357:
606:
peoples. There were diverse uses of mulberry in different
513:
in Canada. The native red mulberry can be mostly found in
501:
occurs from the Atlantic coast to the eastern edge of the
1797:"Mulberry breeding, cultivation and utilization in Japan"
1410:, a plant now largely recognized as being native to Asia.
536:. The red mulberry is currently considered endangered in
450:
surrounded by a fleshy calyx, similar in appearance to a
1142:
1022:
676:
moisture-holding capacity. A soil pH of 5-7 is optimal.
1281:"Morus rubra (Common Mulberry, Mulberry, Red Mulberry)"
872:. In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.).
497:
The red mulberry plant is native to the United States.
1578:
Nutrient-Rich Berries: Growing Practices and Food Uses
765:
Breeding takes long due to the long generation time.
622:used to prepare a kind of cloth out of the bark of
528:is potentially posing a threat to the existence of
1390:A Concise Natural History of East and West Florida
1334:(Chanticleer Press ed.). Knopf. p. 426.
1279:North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolb ox.
1032:Proceedings of the South Dakota Academy of Science
595:people wove clothing from the inner bark of young
812:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-1.RLTS.T61890109A61890113.en
662:
446:The fruit is a compound cluster of several small
2341:
1592:United States Department of Agriculture (1990).
1285:North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
844:. Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014.
1747:
1745:
1272:
1145:"Avian frugivory in a fruiting mulberry tree (
1392:. New York: Printed for the author. p.
1240:
1181:
875:Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA)
733:
1742:
786:
1523:
1153:Journal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
380:–7 in) long (rarely to 36 cm or
218:
50:
31:
1771:"The advantages of the Red Mulberry Tree"
1519:
1517:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1481:
1419:
1164:
1090:
863:
810:
908:"Asymmetrical introgression between two
633:
563:
348:Red mulberry is a small to medium-sized
339:
1585:
1353:
1351:
1018:
1016:
2342:
1640:
1514:
1478:
1384:
1329:
899:
890:
713:
1888:
1887:
859:
857:
855:
853:
851:
2089:DA5E4EBC-D57E-8258-4B09-825DE7AC4150
1348:
1013:
2350:IUCN Red List least concern species
1574:
1547:
1422:"Root structure of a mulberry tree"
1143:Jackson, J. L.; Kannan, R. (2018).
1093:"Root structure of a mulberry tree"
1023:M. P. Nepal; D. J. Wichern (2013).
798:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
692:
482:where nutrients are most abundant.
13:
1641:Alfrey, Paul (29 September 2021).
1304:
848:
270:, and west as far as southeastern
14:
2386:
1843:
1526:Range Management and Agroforestry
1468:"How to care for a Mulberry tree"
2268:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:854710-1
1871:
1857:
1850:Interactive Distribution Map of
947:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2005.02670.x
540:, and in the USA, the states of
75:
1814:
1789:
1763:
1717:
1700:"Health Benefits of Mulberries"
1692:
1674:
1649:
1634:
1616:
1602:
1568:
1460:
1435:
1413:
1378:
1323:
1298:
1241:Ercisli, S.; Orhan, E. (2007).
1234:
1208:
1136:
1110:
1084:
1058:
994:"Red Mulberry – Morus rubra L."
492:
1259:10.1016/J.FOODCHEM.2006.10.054
1120:. 15 June 2006. Archived from
1049:
986:
976:
864:Wunderlin, Richard P. (1997).
826:
780:
663:Climatic and soil requirements
629:
335:
1:
1420:Rodriguez (11 January 2013).
1091:Rodriguez (11 January 2013).
1068:. 6 July 2018. Archived from
773:
1826:Texas Plant Disease Handbook
1610:"Volume de l'arbre sur pied"
524:The morphologically similar
394: in) and 8–12 cm (
7:
2365:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
1360:"Morus rubra, Red Mulberry"
1330:Little, Elbert L. (1994) .
916:) that differ in abundance"
884:Harvard University Herbaria
10:
2393:
933:, Barrett Lab: 3471–3483.
610:cultures. Among them, the
585:
519:northeastern United States
509:and north to southwestern
2370:Trees of Northern America
1896:
880:Missouri Botanical Garden
734:Limitations and drawbacks
548:as well as threatened in
521:and southeastern Canada.
226:
217:
199:
192:
72:Scientific classification
70:
48:
39:
30:
23:
2360:Plants described in 1753
1595:Silvics of North America
1554:. Springer Netherlands.
1443:"Managing your Mulberry"
805:: e.T61890109A61890113.
679:
313:, and is susceptible to
238:, commonly known as the
1548:Lim, Tong Kwee (2021).
1166:10.54119/jaas.2018.7219
722:Mulberries are rich in
559:
1118:"Mulberry Fruit Facts"
882:, St. Louis, MO &
639:
569:
345:
931:University of Toronto
637:
567:
343:
305:, it is listed as an
1868:at Wikimedia Commons
787:Stritch, L. (2018).
726:, calcium, iron and
599:and similar shoots.
1777:. 16 September 2012
1221:Plants for a Future
939:2005MolEc..14.3471B
714:Nutritional aspects
328:), introduced from
254:. It is found from
42:Conservation status
640:
570:
346:
307:endangered species
266:south to southern
242:, is a species of
2337:
2336:
2224:Open Tree of Life
1890:Taxon identifiers
1862:Media related to
1561:978-94-007-2534-8
923:Molecular Ecology
914:M. alba, M. rubra
344:1809 illustration
231:
230:
65:
2382:
2330:
2329:
2317:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2297:
2296:
2284:
2283:
2271:
2270:
2258:
2257:
2245:
2244:
2232:
2231:
2219:
2218:
2206:
2205:
2193:
2192:
2180:
2179:
2167:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2144:
2143:
2131:
2130:
2118:
2117:
2105:
2104:
2092:
2091:
2079:
2078:
2066:
2065:
2053:
2052:
2040:
2039:
2030:
2029:
2017:
2016:
2004:
2003:
1991:
1990:
1978:
1977:
1965:
1964:
1952:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1930:
1917:
1916:
1915:
1885:
1884:
1876:Data related to
1875:
1861:
1837:
1836:
1834:
1832:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1809:
1807:
1793:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1767:
1761:
1760:
1757:Practical Plants
1749:
1740:
1739:
1737:
1735:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1712:
1710:
1696:
1690:
1689:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1632:
1631:
1620:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1589:
1583:
1582:
1575:CPL, A. (2021).
1572:
1566:
1565:
1545:
1534:
1533:
1521:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1493:
1476:
1475:
1464:
1458:
1457:
1455:
1453:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1430:
1428:
1417:
1411:
1408:Morus papyrifera
1405:
1382:
1376:
1375:
1373:
1371:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1327:
1321:
1320:
1318:
1316:
1307:"Morus rubra L."
1302:
1296:
1295:
1293:
1291:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1253:(4): 1380–1384.
1238:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1228:
1212:
1206:
1205:
1194:
1179:
1178:
1168:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1129:
1114:
1108:
1107:
1105:
1103:
1088:
1082:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1062:
1056:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:
1029:
1020:
1011:
1010:
1008:
1007:
998:
990:
984:
980:
974:
973:
971:
965:. Archived from
920:
903:
897:
894:
888:
887:
886:, Cambridge, MA.
861:
846:
845:
830:
824:
823:
821:
819:
814:
784:
693:Economic aspects
507:southern Florida
477:
476:
472:
469:
463:
462:
458:
421:
420:
416:
413:
407:
406:
402:
399:
393:
392:
388:
385:
379:
378:
374:
371:
366:, 7–18 cm (
296:British Columbia
222:
205:
80:
79:
59:
54:
53:
35:
21:
20:
2392:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2383:
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2380:
2379:
2340:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2325:
2320:
2312:
2310:
2302:
2300:
2292:
2287:
2279:
2274:
2266:
2261:
2253:
2248:
2240:
2235:
2227:
2222:
2214:
2211:Observation.org
2209:
2201:
2196:
2188:
2183:
2175:
2170:
2162:
2161:MichiganFlora:
2160:
2152:
2147:
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1364:IFAS Extension
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1247:Food Chemistry
1233:
1207:
1198:"Red Mulberry"
1180:
1149:) in Arkansas"
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1072:on 6 July 2018
1066:"Red Mulberry"
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301:Common in the
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194:Binomial name
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57:Least Concern
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1500:
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250:and central
240:red mulberry
239:
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171:
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2375:Fruit trees
2185:NatureServe
2097:iNaturalist
1928:Morus rubra
1922:Wikispecies
1898:Morus rubra
1878:Morus rubra
1865:Morus rubra
1852:Morus rubra
1831:13 November
1806:13 November
1781:13 November
1734:13 November
1666:13 November
1506:13 November
1452:13 November
1370:13 November
1305:Lamson, N.
1147:Morus rubra
868:Morus rubra
836:Morus rubra
791:Morus rubra
630:Cultivation
542:Connecticut
505:, south to
432:. The leaf
336:Description
235:Morus rubra
203:Morus rubra
115:Angiosperms
25:Morus rubra
2344:Categories
2311:WisFlora:
2237:Plant List
1822:"Mulberry"
1775:Homeguides
1427:4 December
1386:Romans, B.
1341:0394507614
1315:2 December
1290:2 December
1264:2 December
1227:2022-05-15
1102:4 December
1097:Homeguides
1042:2019-07-01
1006:2023-10-19
774:References
608:indigenous
568:Young tree
452:blackberry
288:New Mexico
246:native to
2050:233500782
1661:Agripedia
1532:: 97–101.
1402:745317190
1202:Growables
1175:143429173
1159:: 38–46.
912:species (
818:2 October
769:diseases.
728:potassium
724:vitamin C
364:alternate
350:deciduous
317:with the
260:Minnesota
179:Species:
85:Kingdom:
2301:VASCAN:
2294:21300471
2289:Tropicos
2190:2.137019
2154:61890109
2128:11428593
2115:854710-1
1913:Q1520764
1907:Wikidata
1709:12 April
1388:(1775).
1128:12 March
1076:12 March
963:31129733
955:16156816
612:Cherokee
604:Muskogee
597:M. rubra
575:Powhatan
550:Michigan
534:M. rubra
530:M. rubra
515:riparian
499:M. rubra
319:invasive
276:Nebraska
244:mulberry
161:Moraceae
157:Family:
128:Eudicots
62:IUCN 3.1
2172:MoBotPF
2063:5361886
1983:Ecocrop
1628:rtbf.be
1472:wikiHow
935:Bibcode
593:Choctaw
586:History
554:Vermont
526:M. alba
511:Ontario
473:⁄
459:⁄
448:achenes
441:flowers
434:petiole
425:M. alba
417:⁄
403:⁄
389:⁄
375:⁄
326:M. alba
268:Florida
264:Vermont
256:Ontario
248:eastern
167:Genus:
151:Rosales
147:Order:
89:Plantae
60: (
2250:PLANTS
2229:259037
2216:141829
2177:282738
2037:morrub
2034:FEIS:
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2001:594939
1962:431145
1936:AoFP:
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762:trees.
538:Canada
360:leaves
311:Canada
294:, and
280:Kansas
262:, and
141:Rosids
2281:49960
2255:MORU2
2203:32202
2141:19070
2123:IRMNG
2102:54801
2084:IFPNI
2076:24621
2022:EUNIS
2014:MORRU
1975:73R6J
1946:APA:
1729:NZETC
1704:WebMD
1501:AgMRC
1171:S2CID
1028:(PDF)
997:(PDF)
970:(PDF)
959:S2CID
919:(PDF)
910:Morus
680:Yield
638:Fruit
624:Morus
430:hairs
292:Idaho
284:Texas
172:Morus
135:Clade
122:Clade
109:Clade
96:Clade
2314:4280
2304:6677
2263:POWO
2198:NCBI
2164:1703
2149:IUCN
2136:ITIS
2110:IPNI
2071:GRIN
2058:GBIF
2009:EPPO
1988:7829
1957:BOLD
1949:2681
1939:3420
1833:2022
1808:2022
1783:2022
1736:2022
1711:2024
1668:2022
1556:ISBN
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1454:2022
1429:2022
1398:OCLC
1372:2022
1336:ISBN
1317:2022
1310:USDA
1292:2022
1266:2022
1130:2022
1104:2022
1078:2022
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951:PMID
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803:2018
618:The
560:Uses
552:and
544:and
439:The
362:are
358:The
353:tree
330:Asia
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2276:RHS
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1996:EoL
1970:CoL
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