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by the
Australian Department of Sustainability, Environment, Water, Population and Communities (DSEWPaC) on 19 November 2010 found that no oil reached the Australian mainland or Indonesian coast and the maximum surface area of the ocean that had hydrocarbons on it on any one given day during the spill was 11,183 square kilometres. The Australian Government sought independent expert advice on the detail of the environmental monitoring program from organizations such as the Australian Institute of Marine Science, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO) and State and Territory agencies. Each scientific study conducted under the program is subject to a detailed review by a DSEWPaC technical advisory board. PTTEPAA will fund the comprehensive monitoring program for at least two years, with some studies expected to continue up to five years or longer if required to provide data to measure and address any longer-term impacts should they occur. A PTTEPAA spokesperson said "the commitment to run some of the studies beyond two years does not necessarily indicate long-term impacts but supports the recommendations of independent experts to ensure the best science is in place to monitor the marine environment". The spokesperson said the studies are creating a body of high quality scientific baseline data in key areas of the Timor Sea marine environment which will be an asset for the industry and the community in managing activities in the region.
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oil with modelling data to produce a picture of the likely extent of the spill. The results of this study will be used so that future scientific monitoring covers appropriate areas. This study used trajectory modelling, overflight data and satellite images to gain an almost hourly understanding of the spill. This study reported, in part, that no oil reached the
Australian mainland or Indonesian coast. The greatest occurrence of oil was within 22.8 kilometers of the release site. Beyond 22.8 kilometers, the hydrocarbons were predominantly sheens/waxy films and of short duration. 98.6 per cent of occurrences of hydrocarbons on surface were within Australian waters. King's oil fate and effects studies also used reports from the World Wildlife Fund (WWF), all submissions made to the Montara Commission of Inquiry and related transcripts, as well as Australian and Indonesian media reports of oil locations. Combination of all these datasets with scientific modelling ensured the most accurate and objective description of the movement of hydrocarbons in the Timor Sea throughout the incident, Dr King said. Satellite imagery used in Asia-Pacific ASA's assessments were the same used by the WWF and oil spill tracker Skytruth, with additional high resolution imagery from LANDSAT. These combined techniques gave Dr King the highest degree of confidence in providing detailed modelling, analysis and mapping of the spill event.
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found in the region of the spill. Carcasses of oil affected wildlife were retained and tested to determine their cause of death. Studies undertaken under this program by
Associate Professor Marthe Monique Gagnon and Dr. Christopher Rawson from Curtin University in Western Australia, involved testing of four fish specimens collected in the vicinity of the spill. Tests were also conducted on 16 birds, two sea snakes and one green turtle collected in the region of the oil spill. Results announced in November 2010 found that two of the birds (both common noddies) had been affected by oil, one internally and the second both internally and externally. The study also found that the 14 remaining birds had no traces of oil. The poor physical condition of the remaining birds suggests that they likely died of natural causes. Tests on the horned sea snake indicated it had been affected by oil; however, positive hydrocarbon readings were only detected in its stomach contents. This suggests the sea snake was indirectly exposed to oil through ingesting prey. Tests on the sea turtle found no positive results for hydrocarbons, which indicated oil exposure was not the cause of death.
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suitable platform for the relief well. A jackup rig was required because it could be secured to the sea floor giving better stability and had the capacity to pump large volumes of heavy mud needed to stop the leak. On 6 September, the plugging of the oil leak was delayed further by a broken towline to the mobile oil rig being towed in from
Indonesia by PTTEPAA. On 7 September, the Australian Federal Government announced that it was suspending the normal approval process to fast track stopping the leak at the West Atlas oil rig. PTTEP Australasia initially said it could be just days before the leak was brought under control, but then said that the oil leak would continue for eight weeks until they could bring in another mobile offshore rig, West Triton, to drill a hole into the leaking oil well, and pump mud in to alleviate pressure to stop the oil flow.
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undertaken covering more than 5,000 km of shoreline. The study findings are consistent with those released in July 2010 by the
Environmental Protection Authority of Western Australia (EPA) from an independent survey of the Kimberley shoreline conducted in October–November 2009 which found no oil issued during the Montara incident reached the Western Australian coast. The EPA surveyed 16 Kimberley island shorelines and two mainland promontories between Camden Sound and the Stewart Islands. The EPA found that no hydrocarbons were detected in any water or shoreline samples and analyses of rock oyster and cultured pearl oyster show no evidence of in situ contamination.
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S7.2 research relied on the
Australian Maritime Safety Authority's field monitoring of dispersed oil concentrations to validate S7.2 modelling. Where field data was unavailable, Asia-Pacific ASA took a "conservative approach" to modelling was taken and potential dispersed oil concentrations were overestimated to ensure further investigation by independent field monitoring teams from Western Australian Department of Fisheries and the Australian Institute of Marine Science.
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evidence had been presented to the company to support the summary of claims presented by the
Indonesian government. In October 2010, PTTEPAA announced its commitment to the Australian Government to fund a range of scientific studies aimed at determining any environmental impacts from the incident. The Commission during its inquiry took into account measures which could have been implemented to mitigate environmental damage.
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report. The company said drilling supervisors and management associated with the incident have been removed from their positions with the company. According to a company spokesman, the Action Plan will "ensure the full accountability of key personnel to give greater oversight for reporting and checking of all critical offshore operations. This will strengthen the integrity and safety of drilling operations".
255:(AMSA) reported that the slick was 170 km (106 mi) from the coast of Western Australia, and moving closer to the shore. The slick was also reported to have spread over 6,000 km (2,300 sq mi) of ocean with evidence that the oil was killing marine life. Reports that the slick had spread to within 120 km (75 mi) of the
517:, said that the Australian government and the Thai company that own the platform are responsible for the spill, and that he will seek compensation for damage caused by the spill to his country's environment. Ramos-Horta called for Australian environmental organisations to help assess whether the spill has caused damage to East Timor's maritime area.
270:. Daily overflights by the Australian authorities in September and October 2009 identified isolated patches of weathered oil and sheen within Indonesian waters with small patches seen 94 kilometres south east of Roti Island. At the time the main spill was located about 248 kilometres from the Indonesian coastline.
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105 recommendations. The
Australian Government proposed accepting 92, noting 10, and not accepting three of the Report's recommendations. Commissioner David Borthwick's final report stated that while the source of the blowout was largely uncontested it was most likely that hydrocarbons entered the H1 Well through its
639: in (240 mm) cemented casing shoe – failed. The final report by the Commission commended the spill response efforts by PTTEPAA, the Australian Maritime Safety Authority in its role as Combat Agency and the then Department of Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts for its role as environmental regulator.
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The study found that under the worst-case scenario dispersed oil from three of the spraying operations may have reached the
Goerree and Barracouta shoals. Because of these findings, a further study—the Scientific Monitoring Study 5 Offshore Banks Assessment Survey—will be undertaken. Dispersant Study
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This study was undertaken by Asia-Pacific ASA, an
Australian company that specialises in modelling, mapping and assessing spill events throughout the world. Headed by senior oceanographer Dr Brian King and senior chemist and environmental scientist Trevor Gilbert, the S7.1 study combined sightings of
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To assist in planning and executing the spill response, the Australian Government commenced an environmental monitoring program comprising a series of operational studies, including a wildlife monitoring program. The wildlife monitoring program sought to locate, assess and treat oil affected wildlife
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The West Australian newspaper online reported that no oil had reached the Kimberley coastline in northern Western Australia. The report was based on a West Australian Environmental Protection Authority study conducted in October 2009 during the spill. The study, released in July 2010 stated no traces
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estimated that the Montara oil leak could be as high as 2,000 barrels (320 m)/day, five times the 400 barrels (64 m)/day estimated by PTTEP Australasia. A spokesman for Resources Minister, Martin Ferguson, said the 2,000 barrels (320 m) referred to the amount of oil that the well could
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The scientific studies triggered under the Montara Long Term Environmental Monitoring Program comprise: Shoreline Ecological Assessment Aerial Surveys (study S2); Assessments of Fish Catch for the Presence of Oil (study S3); Assessments of Effects on Timor Sea Fish and Fisheries (study S4); Offshore
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East Nusa Tenggara governor Frans Leburaya said Australia and the operator of the oil field should be held responsible for any environmental damage caused by the oil spill. In June 2010, the East Nusa Tenggara provincial government estimated that economic losses due to the pollution of the Timor Sea
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The Australian Government in November 2010 released the first results of an independent scientific studies conducted under the long-term environmental monitoring program being funded by PTTEPAA under an agreement with the Australian Government announced in October 2009. The scientific studies issued
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On 1 November 2009, during an attempt to stop the leak, a fire broke out on the West Atlas drilling rig. On 2 November, PTTEPAA said that the fire appeared to be burning off the oil and thereby preventing further leakage into the sea. The fire was largely extinguished when the leak was stopped. Once
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PTTEPAA estimates that it has spent $ 170 million on the gas and oil leak up to 3 November 2009. The environmental clean-up cost $ 5.3 million. Since the spill originated directly from an oil well, it is difficult to determine its total size with any precision. Estimates range from 1.2 million
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company said it was implementing a nine-point Action Plan to embed the highest standards of oil field practice and safety in its operations. PTTEPAA said it regretted the Montara incident and acknowledged there were deficiencies identified in the company's operations in the Commission of Inquiry's
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In December 2009, a team from PTTEPAA and Alert Well Control returned to the Montara field to complete the final stages of the operation, which involved inserting two mechanical barriers at depth above the cement plug into the well. Operations were completed in January 2010 when the reboarding team
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with cement to prevent leaks of oil and gas, probably causing the spill. On 24 November 2010, Australian Resources and Energy Minister Martin Ferguson released the Report of the Montara Commission of Inquiry and a draft response from the Australian Government. The Report contained 100 findings and
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After using chemical dispersants to accelerate the natural breakdown of oil during the Montara incident, the Australian Government sought to find out the fate of the dispersed oil once it was in the water column. This study aimed to determine the potential concentrations of dispersed oil under the
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received reports on the death of eight people and 30 poisonous cases after the consumption of fish in the waters around areas allegedly contaminated by oil and chemical dispersant. As of October 2010, the foundation was the only Indonesian NGO to file a legal action with the Australian independent
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equipped with an 800-tonne crane was mobilized for the salvage operations. This work was expected to take about three months and involve cleaning and removal of debris from the rig as well as the cantilever drill floor which was left extended over the WHP helideck after the fire in November 2009.
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The operation later in November 2009 to finally plug the well after the leak was stopped involved pumping a 1,400 metre cement plug from the West Triton rig down the relief well to the bottom of the 2.5 kilometre well. Once completed, the West Triton relief rig was demobilized and returned to
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Representatives from PTTEPAA held meetings with Indonesian government officials in Perth Western Australia on 27 July and 26 August 2010, to discuss the Indonesian government's claim for compensation. On 2 September 2010, PTTEPAA stated it did not accept any claim because no verifiable scientific
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The S7.2 study undertaken by specialist company ASA-Pacific reported, in part the chemical dispersant application caused increased hydrocarbon concentrations in the water column, mostly within the first meter of the water column. However, these concentrations reduced quickly with time, depth and
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On 1 November 2009, the fifth attempt to intercept the well succeeded. Approximately 3,400 barrels (540 m) of heavy mud were subsequently pumped down the relief well on 3 November 2009 thereby stopping the leak and extinguishing the fire. PTTEPAA continued to pump a mixture of heavy mud and
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This independent study, led by Dr Norm Duke of the University of Queensland, aimed to collect baseline information on habitats and species found along Australia's north-west coast between Broome in Western Australia and Darwin in the Northern Territory. During November 2009, aerial surveys were
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Ltd offered to assist PTTEPAA in cleaning up the oil spill with the use of a rig closer to the spill site. However, PTTEPAA rejected the Woodside offer on the basis of "safety reasons". The Woodside rig was a semisubmersible drilling rig and, as it floats on the sea surface, was not deemed as a
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The Australian Lawyers Alliance has argued that in absence of sub-surface sampling of oil and chemical dispersant, the spread of contamination and the environmental consequences of the spill can not be fully understood. The organization has called for further investigation, suggesting that if
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onto parts of the slick, with ongoing aerial spraying with dispersants being the primary early response to the spill. Spraying from vessels commenced on 30 August and continued until 1 November utilising 118,000 liters of dispersant. Six different chemical dispersants were used: Slickgone NS,
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The leak initially emanated from the Montara Wellhead platform on 21 August 2009. The depth of water was approximately 250 ft (76 m) and depth of hole was approximately 1.6 mi (3 km) below the seabed. Sixty-nine workers on the rig were safely evacuated with no injuries or
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advised that while figures on the maps were accurate, the maps were not drawn to scale so distances could not be visually interpreted. PTTEP maintains that the slick remained 94 km distant from Indonesia and was primarily contained within a 23 km radius of the drilling platform.
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PTTEP Australia has stated that independent studies published by the Australian Department for the Environment found that 98.6 per cent of Montara oil stayed in Australian waters, and that the company has received "no credible evidence of damage to the environment in West Timor."
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As of 2014, the fishermen of West Timor are represented by lawyer Greg Phelps with the support of the Indonesian government. Phelps believes an independent investigation into the oil spill's environmental and economic impact in Indonesia is necessary.
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fatalities. By 24 August, the oil slick resulting from the spill was estimated to be 14 km (9 mi) long and 30 m (100 ft) wide. On 29 August, the slick was estimated at 180 km (110 mi) at a minimum, measured east to west.
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In December 2019, an international claim against Australia for transboundary harm, on behalf of 13 regencies of West Timor in Indonesia, was filed before the United Nations in Geneva, by the West Timor Care Foundation. The claim is represented by
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the leak by pumping heavy mud down the relief well, a fire broke out from the H1 well on the well head platform. This was expected to delay further work on resolving the spill. All eight non-essential personnel were taken off the West Triton rig.
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swimming in the oil slick, and expressed concern about long-term effects. WWF also observed a wax-like residue from the oil spill. The Australian government has acknowledged treating a small number of birds as a result of the spill, including
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PTTEPAA stated shortly after the leak was plugged that they had a theory about the cause of the leak but would not disclose nor confirm the cause until they had access to the Montara Wellhead Platform and could present a thorough appraisal.
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resulting from the Montara spill amounted to more than 2.5-3 trillion rupiah (Rp) or $ 318–382 million (AUD). The loss was born exclusively by the fishermen and coastal residents whose living was dependent on marine resources.
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In February 2011 PTT Exploration & Production Pcl (PTTEP) was cleared to keep operating in Australian waters after satisfying the Australian government that it had taken steps to prevent a repeat of the Montara blowout.
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caught by Indonesians, with 7,000 fishers impacted by loss of income, including cases of bankruptcy. Declining fish catches have forced thousands of fishermen to find new livelihoods on other islands as distant as the
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PTTEPAA announced a major transformation of its Australian drilling operations on 24 November 2010 following the release of the Australian Government's Montara Commission of Inquiry report into causes of the incident.
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In August 2016, a class action suit was filed in Sydney, Australia representing the interests of over 13,000 Indonesian seaweed farmers whose livelihoods were affected by the spill and subsequent clean-up activities.
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Banks Assessment Surveys (study S5); Shoreline Ecological Ground Surveys (study S6); and Oil Fate and Effects Assessments (study S7). Marine Megafauna Aerial Assessment Surveys (study S1) has not been triggered.
327:, the main fire on the Montara Wellhead platform was extinguished. Some material on the topside of the West Atlas rig remained on fire but had extinguished by 3 November 2009 as the fuel source burnt out.
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136:. The slick was released following a blowout from the Montara wellhead platform on 21 August 2009, and continued leaking until 3 November 2009 (in total 75 days), when the leak was stopped by pumping
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475:. On 10 November, video emerged of Indonesian fisherman and scuba divers holding dead fish whilst in the water amongst the oil slick. The footage was allegedly taken whilst in Indonesian waters.
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The first four attempts to plug the oil leak by PTTEPAA failed, but the fifth attempt succeeded on 3 November 2009, when PTTEPAA pumped approximately 3,400 barrels (540 m) of mud into a
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PTTEP sold its 100% stake in the Montara field in 2018. Operatorship transfer to Singapore-based Jadestone Energy is expected to be completed in Q3 2019 pending final regulatory assessment.
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announced that the Indonesian government would seek compensation from PTTEPAA because he believed the lives of Indonesian seaweed farmers and fishermen had been affected by the oil spill.
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585:. The report was to be presented by the end of April 2010; the commission delayed their report, however, until 18 June to further examine the causes and effects of the spill.
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In July 2010, a PTTEPAA team rebounded the well head platform to pressure test all the wells. Following a three-week operation, the company confirmed all wells were secure.
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Indonesian fishermen have claimed that the spill and response polluted their national waters, killed thousands of fish and caused skin diseases and loss of human life.
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Minister Ferguson said the failure of the operator and regulator to adhere to Australia's oil and gas regulatory regime was a key factor in the Montara incident.
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observed in the area are at risk from the spill. By 3 September 2009, fishers observed sick and dying marine life, and an absence of birds in the spill area. The
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The Australian Government released the initial scientific reports S7 and S2 in November 2010 and further studies are expected to be released in the near future.
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Baseline petroleum hydrocarbon content of marine water, shoreline sediment and intertidal biota at selected sites in the Kimberley bioregion, Western Australia
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expressed concern about the oil spill's effects on the Indonesian environment and traditional fishing grounds as the oil spill drifted towards the islands of
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Elmer Danenberger, who used to be in charge of regulatory affairs for the U.S. Minerals Management Service, claimed that Halliburton had done a poor job
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The West Triton jackup drilling rig arrived at the Montara Field in an attempt to plug the oil leak on 11 September 2009. Oil and gas producer,
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coastline were dismissed as incorrect, with the AMSA stating that the discoloured water was likely to be a natural phenomenon, such as an
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Work to safely remove the West Atlas drilling rig from the Montara well head platform (WHP) in the Timor Sea started in August 2010.
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After the debris removal work was completed, this was followed by the jacking down of the West Atlas rig to be towed to Singapore.
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under the Freedom of Information Act suggested that oil could have come as close as 37 km to the southern coast of Rote. The
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On 1 November 2009, the West Triton rig successfully drilled the relief well to intercept the leaking well. During operations to
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303:. In total, 184,135 liters of chemical dispersants were sprayed from aircraft or vessels between 23 August and 1 November.
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safety criteria were met, a specialist team boarded the Montara wellhead platform and the West Atlas to assess the damages.
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US gallons (4,500 m) to more than 9 million US gallons (34,000 m), or about 4,000 tonnes to 30,000 tonnes.
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of hydrocarbons were found in water or shoreline sediments in areas sampled between Camden Sound and the Stewart Islands.
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into the well and the wellbore cemented thus "capping" the blowout. The West Atlas rig is owned by the Norwegian-Bermudan
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distance from the dispersant application site and no dispersed oil reached the Australian mainland or Indonesian coast.
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152:, the Thai state-owned oil and gas company was operating over on adjacent well on the Montara platform. Houston-based
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168:. Sixty-nine workers were safely evacuated from the West Atlas jackup drilling rig when the blowout occurred.
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The extent of the spread of the oil slick and sheen into Indonesian waters is disputed. Maps obtained by the
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447:. The Montara oil field is situated south of Indonesia's Pasir Island, a popular fishing location for many
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brine into the relief to maintain a stable condition before it was eventually cemented. Once the leak was
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produce when brought into peak production. After flying over the spill site, Australian Greens Senator
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into the oil leak was announced. The inquiry, led by David Borthwick, had nearly all the powers of a
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Response to the Montara Wellhead Platform Incident – Report of the Incident Analysis Team March 2010
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625: in (240 mm) casing. The Inquiry found that the primary well control barrier – the
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2385:"Montara oil spill: Fishermen's lawyer calls for investigation into reports of skin disease"
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1578:. Office of the Environmental Protection Authority. July 2010. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
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In October 2010, fishermen claimed to have observed dramatic declines in the number of
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Biologists said that the effects of the Montara oil spill could be catastrophic for
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and gas leak and subsequent slick that took place in the Montara oil field in the
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1978:"Work to begin to remove West Atlas drilling rig from Montara wellhead platform"
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began mobilising aircraft and equipment on 21 August 2009. On 23 August 2009, a
3006:"Indonesian farmers file class-action suit against Montara over 2009 oil spill"
2741:(Press release). The Hon Martin Ferguson AM MP. 5 November 2009. Archived from
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611: in (240 mm) cemented casing shoe and flowed up the inside of its
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The Guardian.com: Photo gallery of Timor Sea Oil Spill (Montara Oil Spill)
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was involved in cementing the well. The Montara field is located off the
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Australian livelihoods had been affected there would be public outrage.
2033:"Transcript of Skytruth's John Amos to Senate on Offshore Oil Drilling"
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420:
395:
291:
1216:"PTTEP Australasia Timor Sea Operations – Incident Information No. 86"
806:"PTTEP Australasia Timor Sea Operations – Incident Information No. 87"
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spilling from the platform, it can still have toxic effects on birds,
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Oil Fate and Effects Assessment – Dispersant Oil Modelling Study S7.2
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claimed the spill was far greater than had originally been reported.
133:
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52:
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1951:(Press release). PTTEP Australasia. 4 November 2009. Archived from
1946:"PTTEP Australasia Timor Sea Operations – Incident Information #89"
1886:(Press release). PTTEP Australasia. 1 November 2009. Archived from
1881:"PTTEP Australasia Timor Sea Operations – Incident Information #84"
1832:(Press release). PTTEP Australasia. 1 November 2009. Archived from
1827:"PTTEP Australasia Timor Sea Operations – Incident Information #83"
1221:(Press release). PTTEP Australasia. 2 November 2009. Archived from
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811:(Press release). PTTEP Australasia. 3 November 2009. Archived from
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2070:"Montara Environmental Monitoring Program Delivers First Findings"
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2005:
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Oil Fate and Effects Assessment – Trajectory Analysis Study S7.1
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A whale and calf swimming near the site of the Montara oil spill
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also claimed that the spill was worse than originally expected.
2544:"ASA | Applied Science Associates :: Oil and Gas Services"
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In 2012, PTTEP Australasia pleaded guilty to charges under the
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144:, and operated by PTTEP Australasia (PTTEPAA), a subsidiary of
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1.2 to 9 million US gallons (4,500 to 34,100 m) total
3032:"Australia to appear before United Nations over Montara spill"
2739:"Minister Announces Details of Montara Commission of Inquiry"
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2867:"Final Report of the Montara Commission of Inquiry Released"
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2362:"Australia contaminates Indonesia sea with toxic chemicals"
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Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts
2195:"Indonesian fishermen want Montara oil spill investigated"
1436:"Oil spill off WA coast much larger than reported: Greens"
235:
The damaged Montara Wellhead Platform before catching fire
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Trade, corporateName= Department of Foreign Affairs and.
1349:"'Jascon 25' arrives in Australia to remove 'West Atlas'"
592:, a process that is supposed to fill the gaps around the
1656:. Australian Maritime Safety Authority. 2010. p. 4.
678:, a barrister specialising in public international law.
1409:"Oil spill pollutes Timor Sea, nears Indonesian waters"
2469:"Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment"
2304:"Timor Sea Oil Spill Forcing NTT Fishermen to Migrate"
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1024:. Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 22 October 2009
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2803:"Drilling Process Attracts Scrutiny in Rig Explosion"
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Information Release Statement: Incident Information 4
3085:
Australian Government environment: Montara oil spill
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Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment
2448:"Montara Oil spill – Operational monitoring studies"
1668:
Finally, help arrives at stricken West Atlas oil rig
1383:"Action Plan implemented to ensure oil field safety"
3003:
2643:"Montara Oil spill – Scientific Monitoring Studies"
1110:"Biodiversity Survey of the Montara Field Oil Leak"
378:described the area as a "marine superhighway", and
2765:"As US oil spill worsens, Australia delays report"
1567:K.W. McAlpine, C.B. Sim, R.J. Masini and T. Daly.
1372:. The Age. Fairfax Media. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
3095:Coordination maree noire.eu: West Atlas oil spill
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1859:"Timor Sea Operations – Incident Information #84"
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660:Offshore Petroleum and Greenhouse Gas Storage Act
483:investigation commission into the Montara spill.
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2937:"Backgrounder – Environmental Monitoring Action"
358:, with claims that although it is a lightweight
2801:Gold, Russell; Casselman, Ben (30 April 2010).
2784:"Relief Well Was Used to Halt Australian Spill"
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1558:. The West Australian. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
839:"Relief Well Was Used to Halt Australian Spill"
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2427:"East Timor wants compo for oil spill fallout"
2125:"Dolphins exposed to Timor Sea oil spill: WWF"
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1018:"Oil leaking 'five times faster' than thought"
986:"Oil leaking 'five times faster' than thought"
2800:
2193:James, Felicity; Brann, Matt (15 July 2014).
975:. PTTEP Australasia. Retrieved 18 March 2012.
520:
2915:"PTTEPAA does not accept compensation claim"
2632:
1210:
1208:
861:
859:
132:. It is considered one of Australia's worst
3004:Gunawan Sulistiyono, Arif (3 August 2016).
2893:"Meeting over Indonesian oil impact claims"
2703:"David Borthwick to head oil spill inquiry"
2407:"Indonesia seeks Montara leak compensation"
2336:"Video could prove oil reached Timor coast"
1795:"Environment laws suspended to halt slicke"
800:
798:
796:
794:
792:
290:aircraft sprayed 10,000 liters of chemical
173:Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism
66:21 August 2009 to 3 November 2009 (75 days)
3029:
2192:
1713:"Oil spill company rejects Woodside offer"
1556:Montara oil spill 'did not reach Kimberley
1175:
1173:
865:
568:
530:Shoreline ecological assessment – Study S2
226:
203:installed a capping assembly on the well.
160:coast, 250 km (160 mi) north of
3057:"Jadestone Updates on Oz Montara Project"
2567:
2565:
2442:
2440:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
1938:
1873:
1819:
1205:
856:
724:"WA oil spill 'one of Australia's worst'"
243:The West Atlas drilling rig and oil spill
148:(PTTEP) which is in turn a subsidiary of
1970:
1406:
967:
965:
868:"Expert comment on West Atlas oil spill"
836:
789:
759:
757:
755:
753:
751:
681:
547:water surface using computer modelling.
426:
345:
337:
295:Slickgone LTSW, Ardrox 6120, Tergo R40,
277:
238:
230:
164:, and 690 km (430 mi) west of
2242:"Indonesia hit by Timor Sea spill: NGO"
2221:"Montara maps push case for more study"
2218:
1586:
1584:
1467:
1465:
1463:
1170:
1146:"Latest attempt fails to stop oil leak"
1103:
1101:
1042:
1010:
79:Leak from the Montara wellhead platform
3161:
2989:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2939:. PTTEP Australasia. 12 September 2009
2885:
2851:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2603:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2562:
2528:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
2437:
2219:Dunlevy, Gabrielle (24 October 2014).
2051:
1911:
1851:
1681:"Woodside offers oil spill assistance"
1505:"Discoloured water 'not an oil slick'"
1407:Fointuna, Yemris (29 September 2009).
1375:
1310:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
1107:
1048:"WA oil spill much worse than thought"
932:
930:
897:
895:
893:
718:
716:
2917:. PTTEP Australasia. 2 September 2010
2382:
2214:
2212:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2167:from the original on 25 November 2009
2137:from the original on 29 November 2009
2093:"Oil slick endangers whales, turtles"
2090:
2072:. PTTEP Australasia. 19 November 2010
1998:
1807:from the original on 9 September 2009
1775:from the original on 25 November 2009
1693:from the original on 27 November 2009
1592:"Oil leak could continue for 8 weeks"
1517:from the original on 25 November 2009
1385:. PTTEP Australasia. 24 November 2010
1138:
962:
950:from the original on 25 November 2009
915:from the original on 26 November 2009
903:"Rig still spilling oil off WA coast"
748:
736:from the original on 25 November 2009
2929:
2907:
2278:"Oil spill sends fishermen bankrupt"
2105:from the original on 3 November 2009
2013:from the original on 6 November 2009
2001:"Oil spill finally stopped: company"
1926:from the original on 4 November 2009
1861:. PTTEP Australasia. 1 November 2009
1725:from the original on 13 October 2009
1705:
1604:from the original on 11 October 2009
1581:
1485:from the original on 1 December 2009
1460:
1260:from the original on 4 November 2009
1193:from the original on 6 November 2009
1158:from the original on 24 October 2009
1126:from the original on 23 October 2009
1098:
1086:from the original on 26 October 2009
938:"Timor Sea oil leak fix 'days away'"
777:from the original on 6 November 2009
460:Australian Maritime Safety Authority
253:Australian Maritime Safety Authority
2895:. PTTEP Australasia. 26 August 2010
2431:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
2282:Australian Broadcasting Corporation
1980:. PTTEP Australasia. 20 August 2010
1248:"Leaking oil rig continues to burn"
1066:
927:
890:
866:Buckeridge, John (24 August 2009).
713:
13:
2383:James, Felicity (21 August 2014).
2258:from the original on 26 April 2012
2209:
2179:
2035:. 19 November 2009. Archived from
1999:Sonti, Chalpat (3 November 2009).
1554:Michael Bennett (10 August 2010).
1473:"Oil slick moving closer to coast"
284:Australian Marine Oil Spill Centre
14:
3235:
3078:
2715:. 5 November 2009. Archived from
2091:Towie, Narelle (29 August 2009).
1535:
1181:"Australia oil well catches fire"
1108:Mustoe, Simon (22 October 2009).
696:Environmental issues in Australia
209:The offshore construction vessel
110:6,000 km2 (2,300 sq mi)
39:in the Timor Sea, September 2009.
3209:Environment of Western Australia
3114:
1912:Rimrod, Fran (1 November 2009).
1444:. 29 August 2009. Archived from
1370:Plan to tow oil rig to Singapore
998:from the original on 3 June 2010
29:
3204:Man-made disasters in Australia
3049:
3030:Hunt, Paul (10 December 2019).
3023:
2997:
2951:
2859:
2813:
2794:
2775:
2757:
2731:
2695:
2669:
2656:
2611:
2536:
2461:
2419:
2399:
2376:
2354:
2328:
2296:
2270:
2234:
2149:
2117:
2084:
2025:
1992:
1914:"Oil-spewing rig off WA ablaze"
1905:
1787:
1763:"WA oil spill clean-up delayed"
1755:
1737:
1673:
1660:
1641:
1616:
1561:
1548:
1529:
1497:
1428:
1368:Peter Ker (29 September 2010).
1362:
1340:
1327:"Lloyd's List Australia – Home"
1318:
1272:
1240:
1036:
2782:Bradsher, Keith (2 May 2010).
2664:Govt pledges oil leak inquiry.
2364:. Antara News. 31 October 2010
1074:"Oil leak 'worse than feared'"
978:
837:Bradsher, Keith (2 May 2010).
830:
146:PTT Exploration and Production
16:Oil spill in Timor Sea in 2009
1:
3214:Kimberley (Western Australia)
765:"West Atlas oil leak stopped"
706:
505:
3224:Water pollution in Australia
646:Legal action and resolutions
128:, off the northern coast of
55:, off the northern coast of
7:
2713:Australian Associated Press
1628:Australian Lawyers Alliance
689:
456:Australian Lawyers Alliance
10:
3240:
3199:Maritime incidents in 2009
2769:World Wide Fund for Nature
2412:United Press International
521:Wildlife impact monitoring
494:The Indonesian president,
480:West Timor Care Foundation
88:PTT Public Company Limited
3189:2009 industrial disasters
1919:The Sydney Morning Herald
662:and was fined $ 510,000.
251:By 3 September 2009, the
106:
98:
93:
83:
75:
70:
62:
48:
44:
28:
23:
3145:12.763589°S 124.502563°E
2677:"Montara Inquiry – Home"
1542:indonesia.embassy.gov.au
1325:Lloyd's List Australia.
874:Newsroom. Archived from
496:Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
3194:2009 in the environment
3174:Oil spills in Australia
3061:www.naturalgasworld.com
2807:The Wall Street Journal
1624:"The Montara Oil Spill"
1538:"Australian Embassy in"
569:Cause and investigation
473:Bangka–Belitung Islands
227:Initial leak and spread
35:Satellite image of the
3219:Pollution in Australia
3169:Oil platform disasters
3150:-12.763589; 124.502563
577:On 5 November 2009, a
376:The Wilderness Society
351:
244:
236:
2133:. 28 September 2009.
682:Transfer of ownership
579:Commission of Inquiry
427:West Timor, Indonesia
349:
338:Environmental effects
278:Clean-up and response
242:
234:
94:Spill characteristics
3036:Energy News Bulletin
2479:on 25 November 2009.
2252:Agence France-Presse
1803:. 7 September 2009.
1771:. 6 September 2009.
1670:", The Sunday Times.
1513:. 6 September 2009.
1481:. 4 September 2009.
1347:Tristan Tremschnig.
878:on 15 September 2009
364:marine invertebrates
3141: /
2873:on 18 February 2011
2745:on 10 November 2009
2683:on 29 November 2010
2619:"Montara Oil spill"
2550:on 15 December 2010
2254:. 2 November 2009.
2157:"Montara oil spill"
1958:on 16 November 2009
1893:on 16 November 2009
1839:on 16 November 2009
1574:6 July 2011 at the
1448:on 1 September 2009
1256:. 1 November 2009.
1228:on 16 November 2009
1189:. 2 November 2009.
1154:. 17 October 2009.
1082:. 23 October 2009.
994:. 22 October 2009.
818:on 16 November 2009
773:. 3 November 2009.
388:World Wildlife Fund
2501:edit.epa.wa.gov.au
2433:. 5 November 2009.
2342:. 10 November 2009
1721:. 30 August 2009.
1689:. 25 August 2009.
1600:. 23 August 2009.
1046:(29 August 2009).
971:(21 August 2009).
946:. 23 August 2009.
911:. 21 August 2009.
843:The New York Times
732:. 24 August 2009.
701:List of oil spills
676:Monica Feria-Tinta
449:East Nusa Tenggara
352:
308:Woodside Petroleum
257:Northern Territory
245:
237:
191:to stop the leak.
3184:2009 in Australia
3121:Western Australia
3090:PTTEP Australasia
2284:. 2 November 2009
400:spotted sea snake
356:marine ecosystems
130:Western Australia
118:Montara oil spill
114:
113:
57:Western Australia
24:Montara oil spill
3231:
3156:
3155:
3153:
3152:
3151:
3146:
3142:
3139:
3138:
3137:
3134:
3119:
3118:
3117:
3110:
3072:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3053:
3047:
3046:
3044:
3042:
3027:
3021:
3020:
3018:
3016:
3010:The Jakarta Post
3001:
2995:
2994:
2988:
2980:
2978:
2976:
2971:on 14 April 2010
2970:
2964:. Archived from
2963:
2955:
2949:
2948:
2946:
2944:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2924:
2922:
2911:
2905:
2904:
2902:
2900:
2889:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2869:. Archived from
2863:
2857:
2856:
2850:
2842:
2840:
2838:
2833:on 11 March 2011
2832:
2826:. Archived from
2825:
2817:
2811:
2810:
2798:
2792:
2791:
2779:
2773:
2772:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2752:
2750:
2735:
2729:
2728:
2726:
2724:
2699:
2693:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2679:. Archived from
2673:
2667:
2660:
2654:
2653:
2651:
2649:
2639:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2615:
2609:
2608:
2602:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2584:
2578:. Archived from
2577:
2569:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2546:. Archived from
2540:
2534:
2533:
2527:
2519:
2517:
2515:
2510:on 17 March 2011
2509:
2503:. Archived from
2498:
2490:
2481:
2480:
2475:. Archived from
2465:
2459:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2444:
2435:
2434:
2423:
2417:
2416:
2403:
2397:
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2392:
2380:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2347:
2340:The Sunday Times
2332:
2326:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2274:
2268:
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2232:
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2216:
2207:
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2204:
2202:
2190:
2177:
2176:
2174:
2172:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2142:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2077:
2066:
2049:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2020:
2018:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1974:
1968:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1950:
1942:
1936:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1900:
1898:
1892:
1885:
1877:
1871:
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1866:
1855:
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1844:
1838:
1831:
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1817:
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1814:
1812:
1791:
1785:
1784:
1782:
1780:
1759:
1753:
1752:
1741:
1735:
1734:
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1709:
1703:
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1700:
1698:
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1527:
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1495:
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1490:
1469:
1458:
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1455:
1453:
1432:
1426:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1414:The Jakarta Post
1404:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1379:
1373:
1366:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1355:
1344:
1338:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1322:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1301:
1299:
1297:
1291:
1285:. Archived from
1284:
1276:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1244:
1238:
1237:
1235:
1233:
1227:
1220:
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1200:
1198:
1177:
1168:
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1163:
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1125:
1114:
1105:
1096:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1061:
1059:
1050:. Archived from
1040:
1034:
1033:
1031:
1029:
1014:
1008:
1007:
1005:
1003:
982:
976:
969:
960:
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934:
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720:
638:
637:
633:
630:
624:
623:
619:
616:
610:
609:
605:
602:
583:Royal Commission
515:José Ramos-Horta
408:flatback turtles
392:spinner dolphins
384:flatback turtles
162:Truscott airbase
33:
21:
20:
3239:
3238:
3234:
3233:
3232:
3230:
3229:
3228:
3159:
3158:
3149:
3147:
3143:
3140:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3115:
3113:
3105:
3081:
3076:
3075:
3065:
3063:
3055:
3054:
3050:
3040:
3038:
3028:
3024:
3014:
3012:
3002:
2998:
2982:
2981:
2974:
2972:
2968:
2961:
2959:"Archived copy"
2957:
2956:
2952:
2942:
2940:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2918:
2913:
2912:
2908:
2898:
2896:
2891:
2890:
2886:
2876:
2874:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2844:
2843:
2836:
2834:
2830:
2823:
2821:"Archived copy"
2819:
2818:
2814:
2799:
2795:
2780:
2776:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2746:
2737:
2736:
2732:
2722:
2720:
2701:
2700:
2696:
2686:
2684:
2675:
2674:
2670:
2661:
2657:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2640:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2617:
2616:
2612:
2596:
2595:
2588:
2586:
2585:on 15 July 2011
2582:
2575:
2573:"Archived copy"
2571:
2570:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2521:
2520:
2513:
2511:
2507:
2496:
2494:"Archived copy"
2492:
2491:
2484:
2467:
2466:
2462:
2452:
2450:
2446:
2445:
2438:
2425:
2424:
2420:
2415:. 22 July 2010.
2405:
2404:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2381:
2377:
2367:
2365:
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2355:
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2052:
2042:
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2031:
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2026:
2016:
2014:
1997:
1993:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1939:
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1622:
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1617:
1607:
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1590:
1589:
1582:
1576:Wayback Machine
1566:
1562:
1553:
1549:
1534:
1530:
1520:
1518:
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1498:
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1471:
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1329:
1323:
1319:
1303:
1302:
1295:
1293:
1292:on 15 July 2011
1289:
1282:
1280:"Archived copy"
1278:
1277:
1273:
1263:
1261:
1246:
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1241:
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1123:
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1106:
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1067:
1057:
1055:
1044:Siewert, Rachel
1041:
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1027:
1025:
1016:
1015:
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621:
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603:
600:
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571:
559:Further studies
523:
508:
429:
402:and threatened
390:(WWF) observed
382:and endangered
340:
280:
229:
171:The Australian
40:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3237:
3227:
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3079:External links
3077:
3074:
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2928:
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2884:
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3041:21 December
2346:10 November
468:red snapper
451:fishermen.
396:sooty terns
261:algal bloom
199:Singapore.
189:relief well
154:Halliburton
3163:Categories
3133:12°45′49″S
2877:2 February
2837:2 February
2749:5 November
2723:5 November
2589:2 February
2554:2 February
2391:7 December
2368:6 December
2288:6 November
2262:5 November
2226:7 December
2201:6 December
2171:5 November
2141:5 November
2109:5 November
2017:5 November
1962:5 November
1930:5 November
1897:5 November
1843:5 November
1811:5 November
1779:5 November
1745:"Homepage"
1729:5 November
1697:5 November
1633:7 December
1608:5 November
1521:5 November
1489:5 November
1452:5 November
1420:5 November
1264:5 November
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1090:5 November
1058:5 November
1002:5 November
954:5 November
919:5 November
882:5 November
822:5 November
781:5 November
740:5 November
707:References
506:East Timor
421:sooty tern
292:dispersant
3179:Timor Sea
590:cementing
437:Indonesia
404:hawksbill
360:crude oil
211:Jascon 25
158:Kimberley
126:Timor Sea
53:Timor Sea
37:oil slick
3015:4 August
2985:cite web
2943:18 March
2921:18 March
2899:18 March
2847:cite web
2648:24 March
2624:24 March
2599:cite web
2524:cite web
2453:24 March
2256:Archived
2165:Archived
2135:Archived
2130:ABC News
2103:Archived
2098:PerthNow
2076:18 March
2011:Archived
1984:18 March
1924:Archived
1865:18 March
1805:Archived
1800:ABC News
1773:Archived
1768:ABC News
1749:PTTEP AU
1723:Archived
1718:ABC News
1691:Archived
1686:ABC News
1602:Archived
1597:ABC News
1572:Archived
1515:Archived
1510:ABC News
1483:Archived
1478:ABC News
1389:18 March
1354:24 March
1332:24 March
1306:cite web
1258:Archived
1253:ABC News
1191:Archived
1186:BBC News
1156:Archived
1151:ABC News
1121:Archived
1084:Archived
1079:ABC News
1028:18 March
1022:ABC News
996:Archived
991:ABC News
948:Archived
943:ABC News
913:Archived
908:ABC News
775:Archived
770:ABC News
734:Archived
729:ABC News
690:See also
288:Hercules
142:Seadrill
84:Operator
49:Location
3066:29 June
2514:20 July
2320:24 June
2247:The Age
2006:WAtoday
1441:WAtoday
848:29 July
634:⁄
620:⁄
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120:was an
3107:Portal
2314:Antara
594:casing
419:and a
380:whales
325:killed
166:Darwin
99:Volume
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2387:. ABC
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445:Sumba
441:Timor
368:coral
268:spawn
265:coral
76:Cause
71:Cause
3068:2019
3043:2019
3017:2016
2991:link
2977:2010
2945:2012
2923:2012
2901:2012
2879:2011
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2839:2011
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478:The
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433:NGOs
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370:and
316:kill
299:and
282:The
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