482:
419:. In 1931, at the height of the Great Depression, Norman commented, "Unless dramatic measures are taken to save it, the capitalist system throughout the civilized world will be wrecked within a year"; he borrowed $ 250 million in an attempt to stave off speculative attacks upon the pound. Later that year, however, the United Kingdom was forced to permanently abandon the gold standard after the publication of the May Report on the UK's budget deficit provoked a further financial crisis. Norman was returning from a cruise to Canada at the time, and did not learn the news until he docked in the UK.
57:
453:. Within ten days the money had been transferred to other accounts. In the fall of 1939, two months after the outbreak of World War II, Norman again supported transfers of Czech gold to Hitler's Germany. On this occasion His Majesty's Government intervened to block Norman's initiative. He retired from the bank in 1944.
508:
In 1944, while visiting his brother on his country estate in
Hertfordshire, Norman went for a walk and tripped over, causing an injury from which he never recovered. There is an amusing anecdote contained in Bill Bryson's book, that he tripped over a cow, but it is unclear where this anecdote came
426:, who served in Hitler's government as President of the Reichsbank and Minister of Economics between 1934 and 1937. Norman was also so close to the Schacht family that he was godfather to one of Schacht's grandchildren. Both were members of the
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441:
in March 1939 was uncertain, careful investigation by historian David
Blaazer into the Bank of England's internal memos has established that Norman knowingly authorized the transfer of Czech gold from
285:
Norman led the bank during the toughest period in modern
British economic history and was noted for his somewhat raffish character and arty appearance. A very influential figure, Norman, according to
1919:
291:, was referred to as "the currency dictator of Europe", a fact which he himself admitted to, before the Court of the Bank on 21 March 1930. The economist and Court member
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505:. Lord Norman & Cecilia had no children and on his death he passed the bulk of his estate to his nephew, Brigadier Hugh Norman.
2123:
2012:
388:
870:
Blaazer, David (2005). "Finance and the End of
Appeasement: The Bank of England, the National Government and the Czech Gold".
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411:. Under Norman, the bank underwent significant change. He was a supporter of the return to the
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Lords of finance : 1929, the Great
Depression, and the bankers who broke the world
755:
Lords of finance : 1929, the Great
Depression, and the bankers who broke the world
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Lords of finance : 1929, the Great
Depression, and the bankers who broke the world
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635:
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became leading bankers. Montagu's great-nephew David Norman has also led a successful
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said of him: "Montagu Norman, always absolutely charming, always absolutely wrong".
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Lords of finance: 1929, the Great
Depression, and the bankers who broke the world
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John
Maynard Keynes : the economist as saviour 1920-1937 : a biography
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of New York. He became a partner at Brown
Shipley in 1900 before leaving for
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career and is a noted benefactor of the arts. Montagu Norman was educated at
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While in the past Norman's role in the transferring of Czech gold to the
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to the No. 17 account, which Norman was aware was managed by the German
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he was a financial advisor to government departments. He was appointed
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From 1904, Norman's London home was Thorpe Lodge, Airlie Gardens off
651:
Walking wounded: The British economy in the aftermath of World War I
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Military personnel from the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
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Norman was a close friend of the German Central Bank President
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in Kensington, which had been built c1816. Norman worked with
1019:. London: Bachman and Turner Publications. pp. 131–144.
363:, where his maternal grandfather was a partner and, in 1895,
528:
style. Lord Norman died at Thorpe Lodge in 1950 following a
1141:
Newspaper clippings about Montagu Norman, 1st Baron Norman
461:
Following his retirement, he was raised to the peerage as
983:
599:
City of London, volume 3: Illusions of Gold 1914-1945
359:
in 1892; his father was a partner. In 1894 he joined
274:(6 September 1871 – 4 February 1950) was an English
2119:Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
2114:Grand Officers of the Order of the Crown (Belgium)
1088:Lords of Finance: The Bankers Who Broke the World,
1047:"Norman, Montagu Collet, Baron Norman (1871–1950)"
1045:
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547:, Kent, which he acquired from his uncle in 1935.
539:During his married life, he lived at the Manor of
395:in 1920. He engineered the bank's takeover of the
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2074:Bedfordshire and Hertfordshire Regiment officers
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991:"The Phillimore estate - British History Online"
524:to modernise the house and redecorate it in the
821:
786:
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469:in 1923 and was created a Grand Officer of the
969:. London: Transworld Publishers. p. 495.
307:and Lina Susan Penelope Collet, a daughter of
2089:Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
2079:British Army personnel of the Second Boer War
1233:
497:. He gained two stepsons from this marriage;
319:was well known in banking. Montagu's brother
1056:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
572:. New York: The Macmillan Company. pp.
509:from as it is not known within his family.
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793:. Penguin Random House. pp. 425–430.
702:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
55:
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493:, London councillor and granddaughter of
355:After spending time in Europe, he joined
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2094:Deputy governors of the Bank of England
1053:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
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266:Montagu Collet Norman, 1st Baron Norman
14:
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1119:Professor Skinner alias Montagu Norman
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1221:
828:. Penguin Random House. p. 431.
758:. Penguin Random House. p. 424.
687:
613:"Norman, Montagu Collet (NRMN889MC)"
495:Montagu Bertie, 7th Earl of Abingdon
371:. He retired from the bank in 1915.
2069:Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
723:. Penguin Random House. p. 5.
653:” dated 27 August 2014 at voxeu.org
489:On 2 November 1933, Norman married
350:
24:
1967:Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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639:. 27 September 1901. p. 6326.
447:Bank for International Settlements
432:Bank for International Settlements
374:
309:Sir Mark Wilks Collet, 1st Baronet
25:
2155:
1129:
822:Ahamed, Liaquat (19 March 2020).
787:Ahamed, Liaquat (19 March 2020).
752:Ahamed, Liaquat (19 March 2020).
717:Ahamed, Liaquat (19 March 2020).
601:. Chatto and Windus. p. 483.
532:. The house later became part of
491:Priscilla Cecilia Maria Reyntiens
278:, best known for his role as the
2109:Governors of the Bank of England
914:. 13 October 1944. p. 4698.
476:
2124:People educated at Eton College
1172:Governor of the Bank of England
1123:Wells Gardner, Darton & Co.
1044:Williamson, Philip (May 2006).
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958:
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872:Journal of Contemporary History
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299:Early life and military service
280:Governor of the Bank of England
241:
136:1944 – 4 February 1950
78:Governor of the Bank of England
27:Governor of the Bank of England
954:. 25 March 1927. p. 1960.
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485:St Clere, near Sevenoaks, Kent
13:
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1950:1st Baron Cullen of Ashbourne
1190:Peerage of the United Kingdom
1037:
934:. 29 June 1923. p. 4605.
858:Doing Business with the Nazis
1070:UK public library membership
550:
379:He became a director of the
303:Norman was the elder son of
120:Member of the House of Lords
7:
2139:Barons created by George VI
1145:20th Century Press Archives
1108:Montagu Norman. A Biography
617:A Cambridge Alumni Database
345:Distinguished Service Order
10:
2160:
2104:English Nazi collaborators
1015:Cameron, Roderick (1981).
663:Skidelsky, Robert (1992).
619:. University of Cambridge.
456:
445:'s No. 2 account with the
1965:
1604:Great Britain and Ireland
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995:www.british-history.ac.uk
564:Quigley, Carroll (1966).
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1886:David Powell (1892–1895)
1829:George Lyall (1871–1873)
884:10.1177/0022009405049264
692:. New York. p. 111.
597:Kynaston, David (1999).
503:Sir Peregrine Worsthorne
403:and the creation of the
361:Brown, Shipley & Co.
2084:British anti-communists
428:Anglo-German Fellowship
405:Anglo-Czechoslovak Bank
288:The Wall Street Journal
61:Norman on the cover of
2134:People from Kensington
1062:10.1093/ref:odnb/35252
486:
391:in 1917 and he became
335:and spent one year at
965:Bryson, Bill (2013).
856:Forbes, Neil (2000),
688:Howe, Quincy (1934).
518:Walter Knight Shirley
484:
365:Brown Bros. & Co.
343:. He was awarded the
182:Montagu Collet Norman
690:World Diary: 1929-34
321:Ronald Collet Norman
37:The Right Honourable
2129:People from Kemsing
1914:1st Baron Hollenden
1776:1st Baron Addington
1157:Government offices
1136:Banking with Hitler
534:Holland Park School
417:John Maynard Keynes
397:Anglo-Austrian Bank
383:in 1907 and during
293:John Maynard Keynes
282:from 1920 to 1944.
233:Priscilla Reyntiens
1995:3rd Earl of Cromer
1944:1st Baron Cunliffe
1839:1st Baron Aldenham
951:The London Gazette
931:The London Gazette
911:The London Gazette
649:Nicholas Crafts, “
636:The London Gazette
568:Tragedy & Hope
499:Sir Simon Towneley
487:
471:Order of the Crown
139:Hereditary Peerage
2046:
2045:
1989:1st Baron Cobbold
1216:
1215:
1179:Succeeded by
1165:Sir Brien Cokayne
1099:978-1-59420-182-0
1068:(Subscription or
835:978-1-84794-300-2
800:978-1-84794-300-2
765:978-1-84794-300-2
730:978-1-84794-300-2
263:
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101:Sir Brien Cokayne
16:(Redirected from
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1977:1st Baron Norman
1956:1st Baron Norman
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1162:Preceded by
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1117:Hargrave, John,
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1983:1st Baron Catto
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389:Deputy Governor
381:Bank of England
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323:and his nephew
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19:
1976:
1955:
1845:E. H. Palmer
1710:R. M. Raikes
1704:J. H. Palmer
1614:J. M. Raikes
1210:
1203:Baron Norman
1201:
1197:New creation
1196:
1170:
1118:
1107:
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994:
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878:(1): 25–39.
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378:
369:South Africa
357:Martins Bank
354:
311:, himself a
302:
286:
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265:
264:
216:Campden Hill
211:(1950-02-04)
162:
158:Succeeded by
150:
131:
108:Succeeded by
85:
62:
29:
2064:1950 deaths
2059:1871 births
2033:(2013–2020)
2027:(2003–2013)
2021:(1993–2003)
2015:(1983–1993)
2009:(1973–1983)
2003:(1966–1973)
1997:(1961–1966)
1991:(1949–1961)
1985:(1944–1949)
1979:(1922–1944)
1958:(1920–1922)
1952:(1918–1920)
1946:(1913–1918)
1940:(1911–1913)
1934:(1909–1911)
1928:(1907–1909)
1922:(1905–1907)
1916:(1903–1905)
1910:(1901–1903)
1904:(1899–1901)
1898:(1897–1899)
1892:(1895–1897)
1883:(1889–1892)
1877:(1887–1889)
1871:(1885–1887)
1865:(1883–1885)
1859:(1881–1883)
1853:(1879–1881)
1847:(1877–1879)
1841:(1875–1877)
1835:(1873–1875)
1826:(1869–1871)
1820:(1867–1869)
1814:(1865–1867)
1808:(1863–1865)
1802:(1861–1863)
1796:(1859–1861)
1790:(1857–1859)
1784:(1855–1857)
1778:(1853–1855)
1772:(1851–1853)
1766:(1849–1851)
1760:(1847–1849)
1748:(1845–1847)
1742:(1842–1845)
1736:(1841–1842)
1730:(1839–1841)
1724:(1837–1839)
1718:(1834–1837)
1712:(1833–1834)
1706:(1830–1833)
1700:(1828–1830)
1694:(1826–1828)
1688:(1824–1826)
1682:(1822–1824)
1676:(1820–1822)
1670:(1818–1820)
1664:(1816–1818)
1658:(1814–1816)
1652:(1812–1814)
1646:(1810–1812)
1640:(1808–1810)
1634:(1806–1808)
1628:(1804–1806)
1622:(1802–1804)
1616:(1801–1802)
1607:(1801–1922)
1595:(1799–1801)
1593:S. Thornton
1589:(1797–1799)
1583:(1795–1797)
1577:(1793–1795)
1575:G. Thornton
1571:(1791–1793)
1565:(1789–1791)
1559:(1787–1789)
1553:(1785–1787)
1547:(1783–1785)
1541:(1781–1783)
1535:(1779–1781)
1529:(1777–1779)
1523:(1775–1777)
1517:(1773–1775)
1511:(1771–1773)
1505:(1769–1771)
1499:(1766–1769)
1493:(1764–1766)
1487:(1762–1764)
1481:(1760–1762)
1475:(1758–1760)
1469:(1756–1758)
1463:(1754–1756)
1457:(1752–1754)
1451:(1749–1752)
1445:(1747–1749)
1439:(1745–1747)
1433:(1743–1745)
1427:(1741–1743)
1421:(1740–1741)
1415:(1737–1740)
1409:(1735–1737)
1403:(1733–1735)
1397:(1731–1733)
1391:(1729–1731)
1385:(1727–1729)
1379:(1725–1727)
1373:(1723–1725)
1367:(1721–1723)
1361:(1719–1721)
1355:(1717–1719)
1349:(1715–1717)
1343:(1713–1715)
1337:(1711–1713)
1331:(1709–1711)
1325:(1707–1709)
1316:(1707–1801)
1304:(1705–1707)
1298:(1703–1705)
1292:(1701–1703)
1286:(1699–1701)
1280:(1697–1699)
1274:(1694–1697)
1265:(1694–1707)
946:"No. 33260"
926:"No. 32840"
906:"No. 36746"
631:"No. 27359"
439:Nazi regime
385:World War I
325:Mark Norman
146:Preceded by
96:Preceded by
2053:Categories
2007:Richardson
1881:Lidderdale
1818:T. N. Hunt
1563:M. Weyland
1491:J. Weyland
1425:Brooksbank
1296:A. Houblon
1272:J. Houblon
1207:1944–1950
1176:1920–1944
1072:required.)
1038:References
1026:0859741001
967:One Summer
844:1179294023
809:1179294023
774:1179294023
739:1179294023
451:Reichsbank
252:Profession
195:Kensington
188:1871-09-06
1902:Gladstone
1587:T. Raikes
1569:Bosanquet
1461:C. Palmer
1419:Carbonnel
1401:Townshend
1371:Heathcote
1365:T. Scawen
1329:Heathcote
1278:W. Scawen
1249:Governors
892:197807556
698:cite book
551:Footnotes
347:in 1901.
222:, England
201:, England
132:In office
90:1920–1944
86:In office
1932:Johnston
1926:Campbell
1890:Sandeman
1857:Grenfell
1824:Crawford
1788:S. Neave
1782:Weguelin
1752:Robinson
1716:Pattison
1692:Richards
1638:Whitmore
1626:Winthrop
1545:R. Neave
1515:Sperling
1497:Clarmont
1431:Fawkener
1377:Thompson
1211:Extinct
1093:, 2009.
541:St Clere
430:and the
393:Governor
2001:O'Brien
1920:Wallace
1908:Prevost
1863:Gilliat
1812:Holland
1806:Hodgson
1764:Prescot
1668:Dorrien
1656:Mellish
1650:Manning
1527:Gaussen
1473:Burrell
1449:W. Hunt
1443:Longuet
1395:Bellamy
1353:Conyers
1302:Bateman
1262:England
1251:of the
1147:of the
1143:in the
1114:, 1967.
1112:Cassell
1000:7 March
545:Kemsing
457:Honours
246:
238:
2037:Bailey
2031:Carney
2019:George
1875:Collet
1869:Currie
1833:Greene
1800:Latham
1794:Dobrée
1770:Hankey
1758:Morris
1754:(1847)
1740:Cotton
1722:Curtis
1686:Buller
1680:Bowden
1662:Harman
1644:Pearse
1557:Darell
1551:Peters
1503:Cooper
1479:Burton
1455:Sheafe
1437:Savage
1407:Benson
1389:Holden
1383:Morice
1359:Hanger
1097:
1066:
1023:
973:
890:
842:
832:
807:
797:
772:
762:
737:
727:
671:
580:
530:stroke
409:Prague
401:Vienna
276:banker
255:Banker
227:Spouse
220:London
199:London
67:, 1929
1896:Smith
1851:Birch
1746:Heath
1734:Pelly
1698:Drewe
1581:Giles
1533:Booth
1509:Payne
1485:Marsh
1413:Cooke
1347:Delmé
1341:Rudge
1335:Gould
1323:Eyles
1284:Tench
888:S2CID
240:(
236:
2025:King
1938:Cole
1728:Reid
1674:Pole
1632:Long
1620:Nutt
1539:Ewer
1290:Ward
1095:ISBN
1021:ISBN
1002:2019
971:ISBN
840:OCLC
830:ISBN
805:OCLC
795:ISBN
770:OCLC
760:ISBN
735:OCLC
725:ISBN
704:link
669:ISBN
578:ISBN
520:and
501:and
333:Eton
329:City
206:Died
178:Born
163:None
64:Time
1149:ZBW
1125:, .
1058:doi
880:doi
543:in
407:in
399:in
269:DSO
45:DSO
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1121:,
1110:,
1106:,
1086:,
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700:}}
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190:)
186:(
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