183:
73:
257:, using the word "ke" to refer to "diseases", and so it is seen that a "mono no ke" (a "ke" of a "mono") was used to refer to diseases caused by these "mono". "The Pillow Book" as well, there are names for diseases such as "mune no ke" ("ke" of the chest), "ashi no ke" ("ke" of the feet), and "mono no ke" ("ke" of "mono").
264:
were thought of as, in Japan from the beginning of the Heian Period, various societal malaises and illnesses were thought to be due to curses ("tatari") of vengeful spirits (onryō). Starting with how the succession of emperors dying to diseases and the spread of epidemics in the
344:, as opposed to how noble families at that time boasted of glory, they had delicate personalities, and so due to fear of the grudges and revenges of the era's defeated ones, and due to misgivings about the future, fear of
54:), or spirits in Japanese classical literature and folk religion that were said to do things like possess individuals and make them suffer, cause disease, or even cause death. It is also a word sometimes used to refer to
332:
3 (903), the deaths one after another that followed of members of the imperial and noble families, as well as the spread of epidemic diseases, were feared as the work of a curse of
Michizane, and thus the belief that
364:. Furthermore, due to the concept of the fear of "mono", the things that were said to be the origin of the illnesses, the ikiryō and shiryō themselves, were also thought to have been called
324:
years, the aristocratic society received strong influence from onmyōdō, and the spread of onmyōdō planted in many people the general concept of vengeful spirits. Just at that time, after
235:
in the articles in the 8th month
Jinshin of the same year, and of year 10 in the 5th month. In the old language of those times, the word "mono" was used to refer to
356:
themselves were thought to be vengeful spirits, and eventually in addition to epidemic diseases, individual deaths, illnesses, and pain were all seen to be due to
309:
286:
684:
745:
1302:
2386:
1038:
714:
692:
666:
647:
628:
609:
568:
458:
430:
348:
became more aroused. The locked-in lifestyle of the imperial society at that time also fostered in the nobles' minds fear of
738:
731:
221:
7 (830), there is the statement: "Five monks were invited to recite the
Diamond Sutra. With some difficulty, the
289:'s vengeful spirit (onryō). However, this kind of thought still wasn't very influential at that time, and even
2341:
925:
1952:
587:
2933:
164:
297:
to a spirit's curse. These are very baseless assertions," thus strongly denying the relation between
20:
943:
2938:
1008:
907:
2474:
1624:
1257:
1026:
321:
325:
2069:
1478:
136:
In those times, when medical knowledge has not been fully developed, people like monks and
174:, it told of once when a monk chanted a sutra to 60 people within the imperial residence.
35:
8:
2766:
2485:
1779:
2602:
1221:
305:
170:
2391:
1860:
1307:
1095:
762:
341:
90:
2132:
2033:
156:
to heal the illness. Statements on this practice can be found in detail in works like
2447:
2278:
952:
916:
772:
754:
710:
688:
662:
643:
624:
605:
564:
454:
426:
105:
2943:
1469:
889:
2465:
1869:
1651:
1633:
1248:
1104:
979:
835:
2456:
1806:
961:
2874:
2114:
1734:
1318:
1275:
862:
808:
781:
158:
2105:
817:
274:
243:
among other things, or things that were not felt to be clearly real, and in the
2907:
2902:
2892:
2856:
2676:
2629:
2530:
2438:
2060:
1788:
1660:
1363:
1212:
988:
2912:
2402:
2188:
2141:
1158:
1017:
826:
76:
2927:
2584:
1449:
1284:
1149:
1059:
934:
282:
278:
270:
214:
209:
The first appearance of the term in
Japanese literature is seen to be in the
85:
1979:
244:
210:
2748:
2658:
2161:
1907:
1797:
1460:
1194:
313:
290:
152:" (usually servants, apprentices, etc.) they would perform exorcism on the
100:
1336:
1266:
844:
182:
2611:
2593:
2566:
2557:
2429:
2206:
2051:
1898:
1752:
1532:
1381:
1239:
1050:
790:
110:
2712:
2647:
2575:
2123:
1997:
1970:
1714:
1568:
880:
799:
293:
stated in a caution, "in this society, some would attribute any and all
2897:
2757:
2620:
2548:
2539:
2411:
2368:
2305:
2296:
2251:
2197:
2006:
1925:
1851:
1833:
1770:
1642:
1615:
1435:
1399:
1203:
970:
329:
217:
of the same time period, in the article of Uruu 12th month of the year
129:
2703:
2377:
2087:
1496:
853:
123:
2847:
2775:
2667:
2332:
2314:
2287:
2015:
1761:
1725:
1487:
1417:
1408:
1230:
1140:
1131:
1068:
222:
149:
137:
114:
2359:
1586:
1505:
1185:
723:
218:
51:
47:
2838:
2793:
2784:
2721:
2638:
2420:
2260:
2224:
2024:
1943:
1824:
1678:
1669:
1604:
1595:
1559:
1550:
1444:
1345:
1293:
1086:
898:
871:
2865:
2829:
2820:
2242:
2179:
1390:
140:
would perform incantations and prayers against diseases caused by
72:
56:
43:
2685:
2350:
2323:
2170:
1889:
1743:
1705:
1577:
1541:
1523:
1426:
1176:
1167:
1122:
1077:
266:
1354:
2811:
2802:
2512:
2503:
2269:
1961:
1934:
1880:
1842:
1815:
1687:
1514:
1372:
1327:
1113:
240:
2739:
2694:
2521:
2494:
2215:
2152:
2078:
2042:
1696:
337:
were caused by vengeful spirits' curses grew even stronger.
2730:
2233:
16:
Spirits in
Japanese classical literature and folk religion
2096:
1988:
236:
281:
is said to have led many people to their deaths. In the
2872:
2863:
2854:
2845:
2836:
2827:
2818:
2809:
2800:
2791:
2782:
2773:
2764:
2755:
2746:
2737:
2728:
2719:
2710:
2701:
2692:
2683:
2674:
2665:
2656:
2645:
2636:
2627:
2618:
2609:
2600:
2591:
2582:
2573:
2564:
2555:
2546:
2537:
2528:
2519:
2510:
2501:
2492:
2483:
2472:
2463:
2454:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2409:
2400:
2384:
2375:
2366:
2357:
2348:
2339:
2330:
2321:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2285:
2276:
2267:
2258:
2249:
2240:
2231:
2222:
2213:
2204:
2195:
2186:
2177:
2168:
2159:
2150:
2139:
2130:
2121:
2112:
2103:
2094:
2085:
2076:
2067:
2058:
2049:
2040:
2031:
2022:
2013:
2004:
1995:
1986:
1977:
1968:
1959:
1950:
1941:
1932:
1923:
1914:
1905:
1896:
1887:
1878:
1867:
1858:
1849:
1840:
1831:
1822:
1813:
1804:
1795:
1786:
1777:
1768:
1759:
1750:
1741:
1732:
1723:
1712:
1703:
1694:
1685:
1676:
1667:
1658:
1649:
1640:
1631:
1622:
1613:
1602:
1593:
1584:
1575:
1566:
1557:
1548:
1539:
1530:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1494:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1458:
1442:
1433:
1424:
1415:
1406:
1397:
1388:
1379:
1370:
1361:
1352:
1343:
1334:
1325:
1316:
1300:
1291:
1282:
1273:
1264:
1255:
1246:
1237:
1228:
1219:
1210:
1201:
1192:
1183:
1174:
1165:
1156:
1147:
1138:
1129:
1120:
1111:
1102:
1093:
1084:
1075:
1066:
1057:
1048:
1024:
1015:
1006:
986:
977:
968:
959:
950:
941:
932:
923:
914:
905:
896:
887:
878:
869:
860:
851:
842:
833:
824:
815:
806:
797:
788:
779:
770:
247:, epidemic diseases were written about as "toki no ke"
213:, and according to a quotation of this book from the
425:. Vol. 第12巻 (第2版 ed.). 小学館. p. 1361.
117:. Other than that, there are also statements about
2925:
103:. As a famous example, in the 9th volume of the
360:, and the illnesses itself also became called
250:
226:
199:
189:
33:
739:
83:in the work titled "Aoi no Ue" (葵上) from the
746:
732:
181:
71:
231:," and there are also statements about
99:can be often seen in literature of the
2926:
420:
753:
727:
530:
528:
503:
501:
499:
497:
495:
493:
491:
489:
476:
474:
472:
470:
445:
404:
402:
389:
387:
385:
383:
381:
148:into a different person called the "
558:
453:(第3版 ed.). 三省堂. p. 2531.
13:
701:
675:
656:
637:
618:
599:
546:
534:
519:
507:
480:
408:
393:
316:, strongly adopted the concept of
269:years was said to be the curse of
225:relieved it. It was the work of a
14:
2955:
525:
486:
467:
399:
378:
144:, and by temporarily moving the
552:
540:
513:
439:
414:
340:Afterwards, in the era of the
275:Nihonkoku Genpō Zen'aku Ryōiki
1:
593:
285:, there is a statement about
657:小林茂美他 (1986). 乾克己他編 (ed.).
638:大藤時彦他 (1988). 相賀徹夫編 (ed.).
7:
2873:
2864:
2855:
2846:
2837:
2828:
2819:
2810:
2801:
2792:
2783:
2774:
2765:
2756:
2747:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2711:
2702:
2693:
2684:
2675:
2666:
2657:
2646:
2637:
2628:
2619:
2610:
2601:
2592:
2583:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2538:
2529:
2520:
2511:
2502:
2493:
2484:
2473:
2464:
2455:
2446:
2437:
2428:
2419:
2410:
2401:
2385:
2376:
2367:
2358:
2349:
2340:
2331:
2322:
2313:
2304:
2295:
2286:
2277:
2268:
2259:
2250:
2241:
2232:
2223:
2214:
2205:
2196:
2187:
2178:
2169:
2160:
2151:
2140:
2131:
2122:
2113:
2104:
2095:
2086:
2077:
2068:
2059:
2050:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1987:
1978:
1969:
1960:
1951:
1942:
1933:
1924:
1915:
1906:
1897:
1888:
1879:
1868:
1859:
1850:
1841:
1832:
1823:
1814:
1805:
1796:
1787:
1778:
1769:
1760:
1751:
1742:
1733:
1724:
1713:
1704:
1695:
1686:
1677:
1668:
1659:
1650:
1641:
1632:
1623:
1614:
1603:
1594:
1585:
1576:
1567:
1558:
1549:
1540:
1531:
1522:
1513:
1504:
1495:
1486:
1477:
1468:
1459:
1443:
1434:
1425:
1416:
1407:
1398:
1389:
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1344:
1335:
1326:
1317:
1301:
1292:
1283:
1274:
1265:
1256:
1247:
1238:
1229:
1220:
1211:
1202:
1193:
1184:
1175:
1166:
1157:
1148:
1139:
1130:
1121:
1112:
1103:
1094:
1085:
1076:
1067:
1058:
1049:
1025:
1016:
1007:
987:
978:
969:
960:
951:
942:
933:
924:
915:
906:
897:
888:
879:
870:
861:
852:
843:
834:
825:
816:
807:
798:
789:
780:
771:
588:Shodoshima Yokai Art Museum
581:
196:from the "Totei Bukkairoku"
10:
2960:
312:, reflecting knowledge of
177:
165:The Diary of Lady Murasaki
67:
18:
2885:
1037:
999:
761:
273:, there is a tale in the
251:
227:
200:
190:
168:. Also, according to the
109:, "Aoi" is the ikiryō of
34:
21:Mononoke (disambiguation)
706:
680:
658:
639:
620:
601:
560:
450:
422:
371:
186:"Mononoke Kikyo no Koto"
277:in which the grudge of
2475:Yashima no Hage-tanuki
687:. Vol. IV. 新紀元社.
301:and vengeful spirits.
260:As groundwork for how
206:
93:
42:are vengeful spirits (
1009:Konjaku Monogatarishū
709:. 歴史文化セレクション. 吉川弘文館.
642:. Vol. 23. 小学館.
326:Sugawara no Michizane
310:Harusumi no Yoshitada
287:Fujiwara no Hirotsugu
185:
121:in publications like
75:
1041:in Japanese Folklore
1039:Legendary Creatures
563:. 臨川書店. p. 18.
64:("changed beings").
19:For other uses, see
1027:Uji Shūi Monogatari
926:Taketori Monogatari
304:Afterwards, in the
537:, pp. 205–210
207:
94:
91:Katsushika Hokusai
2934:Japanese folklore
2921:
2920:
2448:Danzaburou-danuki
953:Tsuru no Ongaeshi
917:Shita-kiri Suzume
773:Awa Tanuki Gassen
755:Japanese folklore
716:978-4-642-06300-5
694:978-4-915146-44-2
668:978-4-04-031300-9
649:978-4-09-526023-5
630:978-4-12-200127-5
611:978-4-490-10033-4
570:978-4-653-03967-9
460:978-4-385-13905-0
432:978-4-09-522012-3
50:), live spirits (
46:), dead spirits (
2951:
2878:
2869:
2860:
2851:
2842:
2833:
2824:
2815:
2806:
2797:
2788:
2779:
2770:
2761:
2752:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2671:
2662:
2651:
2642:
2633:
2624:
2615:
2606:
2597:
2588:
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2543:
2534:
2525:
2516:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2478:
2469:
2466:Shibaemon-tanuki
2460:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2406:
2397:
2395:
2381:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2336:
2327:
2318:
2309:
2300:
2291:
2282:
2273:
2264:
2255:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2210:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2165:
2156:
2145:
2136:
2127:
2118:
2109:
2100:
2091:
2082:
2073:
2064:
2055:
2046:
2037:
2028:
2019:
2010:
2001:
1992:
1983:
1974:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1938:
1929:
1920:
1911:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1873:
1864:
1855:
1846:
1837:
1828:
1819:
1810:
1801:
1792:
1783:
1774:
1765:
1756:
1747:
1738:
1729:
1718:
1709:
1700:
1691:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1628:
1619:
1608:
1599:
1590:
1581:
1572:
1563:
1554:
1545:
1536:
1527:
1518:
1509:
1500:
1491:
1482:
1473:
1464:
1455:
1453:
1439:
1430:
1421:
1412:
1403:
1394:
1385:
1376:
1367:
1358:
1349:
1340:
1331:
1322:
1313:
1311:
1297:
1288:
1279:
1270:
1261:
1252:
1243:
1234:
1225:
1216:
1207:
1198:
1189:
1180:
1171:
1162:
1153:
1144:
1135:
1126:
1117:
1108:
1099:
1090:
1081:
1072:
1063:
1054:
1030:
1021:
1012:
992:
983:
980:Yamata no Orochi
974:
965:
956:
947:
938:
929:
920:
911:
908:Saru Kani Gassen
902:
893:
884:
875:
866:
857:
848:
839:
836:Kachi-kachi Yama
830:
821:
812:
803:
794:
785:
776:
748:
741:
734:
725:
724:
720:
698:
685:Truth In Fantasy
678:幻想世界の住人たち Iv 日本編
672:
653:
634:
619:池田彌三郎 (1978) .
615:
600:朝倉治彦他編 (1963).
575:
574:
556:
550:
544:
538:
532:
523:
517:
511:
510:, pp. 32–54
505:
484:
478:
465:
464:
443:
437:
436:
421:北原保雄他編 (1976).
418:
412:
406:
397:
391:
306:Shoku Nihon Kōki
256:
254:
253:
230:
229:
205:
203:
202:
195:
193:
192:
171:Shoku Nihon Kōki
113:, who possessed
106:Genji Monogatari
41:
39:
38:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2950:
2949:
2948:
2939:Japanese ghosts
2924:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2881:
2875:Zashiki-warashi
2389:
2133:Rashōmon no oni
1479:Hitotsume-nyūdō
1447:
1305:
1040:
1033:
995:
863:Kobutori Jiisan
809:Hanasaka Jiisan
782:Bunbuku Chagama
757:
752:
717:
708:
695:
682:
669:
660:
650:
641:
631:
623:. 中公文庫. 中央公論社.
622:
612:
603:
596:
584:
579:
578:
571:
562:
557:
553:
545:
541:
533:
526:
518:
514:
506:
487:
479:
468:
461:
452:
444:
440:
433:
424:
419:
415:
407:
400:
392:
379:
374:
352:. In this way,
248:
197:
187:
180:
159:The Pillow Book
79:depicted as an
70:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2957:
2947:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2919:
2918:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2908:Shigeru Mizuki
2905:
2903:Lafcadio Hearn
2900:
2895:
2893:Kunio Yanagita
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2870:
2861:
2857:Yume no seirei
2852:
2843:
2834:
2825:
2816:
2807:
2798:
2789:
2780:
2771:
2762:
2753:
2744:
2735:
2726:
2717:
2708:
2699:
2690:
2681:
2677:Tsurube-otoshi
2672:
2663:
2654:
2653:
2652:
2643:
2634:
2630:Koto-furunushi
2625:
2616:
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2526:
2517:
2508:
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2461:
2452:
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2439:Tanuki-bayashi
2425:
2416:
2407:
2398:
2382:
2373:
2364:
2355:
2346:
2337:
2328:
2319:
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2256:
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2238:
2229:
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2193:
2184:
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2166:
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2148:
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2137:
2128:
2119:
2110:
2092:
2083:
2074:
2065:
2056:
2047:
2038:
2029:
2020:
2011:
2002:
1993:
1984:
1975:
1966:
1957:
1948:
1939:
1930:
1921:
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1903:
1894:
1885:
1876:
1875:
1874:
1856:
1847:
1838:
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1802:
1793:
1789:Kuchisake-onna
1784:
1775:
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1748:
1739:
1730:
1721:
1720:
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1692:
1683:
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1546:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1510:
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1492:
1483:
1474:
1470:Hitotsume-kozō
1465:
1456:
1440:
1431:
1422:
1413:
1404:
1395:
1386:
1377:
1368:
1364:Futakuchi-onna
1359:
1350:
1341:
1332:
1323:
1314:
1298:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1262:
1253:
1244:
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1226:
1217:
1213:Ashinagatenaga
1208:
1199:
1190:
1181:
1172:
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1127:
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1055:
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1035:
1034:
1032:
1031:
1022:
1013:
1003:
1001:
997:
996:
994:
993:
989:Yotsuya Kaidan
984:
975:
966:
957:
948:
939:
930:
921:
912:
903:
894:
890:Nezumi no Sumō
885:
876:
867:
858:
849:
840:
831:
822:
813:
804:
795:
786:
777:
767:
765:
759:
758:
751:
750:
743:
736:
728:
722:
721:
715:
702:服部敏良 (2006) .
699:
693:
673:
667:
654:
648:
635:
629:
616:
610:
595:
592:
591:
590:
583:
580:
577:
576:
569:
551:
539:
524:
512:
485:
483:, pp. 5–6
466:
459:
438:
431:
413:
398:
376:
375:
373:
370:
342:Fujiwara sekke
308:, the author,
239:, spirits, or
179:
176:
69:
66:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2956:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
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2640:
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2632:
2631:
2626:
2623:
2622:
2617:
2614:
2613:
2608:
2605:
2604:
2603:Chōchin'obake
2599:
2596:
2595:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2585:Biwa-bokuboku
2581:
2578:
2577:
2572:
2569:
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2563:
2562:
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2554:
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2477:
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2468:
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2462:
2459:
2458:
2457:Inugami Gyōbu
2453:
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2209:
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2176:
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2048:
2045:
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2039:
2036:
2035:
2030:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2012:
2009:
2008:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1973:
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1967:
1964:
1963:
1958:
1955:
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1949:
1946:
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1877:
1872:
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1863:
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1861:Mikoshi-nyūdō
1857:
1854:
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1848:
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1286:
1285:Daidarabotchi
1281:
1278:
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1272:
1269:
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1263:
1260:
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1150:Amazake-babaa
1146:
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1137:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1119:
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1115:
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1080:
1079:
1074:
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1065:
1062:
1061:
1060:Abura-sumashi
1056:
1053:
1052:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1042:
1036:
1029:
1028:
1023:
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964:
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962:Urashima Tarō
958:
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949:
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937:
936:
935:Tamamo-no-Mae
931:
928:
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922:
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913:
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904:
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829:
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823:
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769:
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749:
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742:
737:
735:
730:
729:
726:
718:
712:
705:
700:
696:
690:
686:
679:
676:多田克己 (1990).
674:
670:
664:
655:
651:
645:
636:
632:
626:
617:
613:
607:
598:
597:
589:
586:
585:
572:
566:
559:大江篤 (2007).
555:
548:
543:
536:
531:
529:
522:, p. 300
521:
516:
509:
504:
502:
500:
498:
496:
494:
492:
490:
482:
477:
475:
473:
471:
462:
456:
449:
446:松村明編 (2006).
442:
434:
428:
417:
411:, p. 434
410:
405:
403:
396:, p. 696
395:
390:
388:
386:
384:
382:
377:
369:
367:
363:
359:
355:
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343:
338:
336:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
283:Shoku Nihongi
280:
279:Prince Nagaya
276:
272:
271:Prince Sawara
268:
263:
258:
246:
242:
238:
234:
224:
220:
216:
215:Nihon Kiryaku
212:
184:
175:
173:
172:
167:
166:
161:
160:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
134:
132:
131:
126:
125:
120:
116:
112:
108:
107:
102:
98:
92:
88:
87:
86:Hokusai Manga
82:
78:
74:
65:
63:
59:
58:
53:
49:
45:
37:
30:
29:
22:
2659:Tsurara-onna
2162:Onihitokuchi
2115:Kijo/Onibaba
2106:Ibaraki-dōji
1916:
1798:Kuda-gitsune
1461:Hito-gitsune
818:Hyakki Yagyō
703:
677:
554:
549:, p. 57
542:
515:
447:
441:
416:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
339:
334:
317:
303:
298:
294:
291:Emperor Saga
261:
259:
232:
208:
169:
163:
157:
153:
145:
141:
135:
128:
122:
118:
104:
101:Heian period
96:
95:
84:
80:
61:
55:
27:
26:
25:
2913:Inoue Enryō
2886:Folklorists
2612:Ittan-momen
2594:Boroboroton
2567:Abumi-guchi
2558:Tsukumogami
2390: [
2207:Osakabehime
2142:Shuten-dōji
2052:Oboroguruma
1899:Mokumokuren
1870:Miage-nyūdō
1753:Konaki-jiji
1533:Ishinagenjo
1448: [
1382:Gashadokuro
1306: [
1240:Bake-kujira
1159:Amefurikozō
1051:Abura-akago
1018:Otogi-zōshi
944:Tawara Tōda
827:Issun-bōshi
791:Hachikazuki
111:Lady Rokujo
77:Lady Rokujō
2928:Categories
2898:Keigo Seki
2621:Kasa-obake
2549:Tsuchinoko
2540:Tsuchigumo
2412:Sunekosuri
2387:Shussebora
2306:Shidaidaka
2297:Shachihoko
2252:Rokurokubi
2198:Ootakemaru
2034:Nyūdō-bōzu
2007:Nurarihyon
1980:Noppera-bō
1852:Mikaribaba
1771:Koromodako
1643:Kasa-obake
1616:Kamaitachi
1436:Hiderigami
1400:Hanako-san
1276:Chimimōryō
1204:Aosaginohi
971:Uriko-hime
594:References
245:Taihō Code
241:Ara-mitama
211:Nihon Kōki
130:Masukagami
2848:Yuki-onna
2776:Yamajijii
2668:Tsurubebi
2531:Tōfu-kozō
2333:Shinigami
2315:Shikigami
2288:Sazae-oni
2016:Nure-onna
1762:Korpokkur
1726:Kitsunebi
1488:Hone-onna
1418:Hashihime
1409:Harionago
1337:Funayūrei
1267:Binbōgami
1231:Azukiarai
1141:Amanozako
1132:Amanojaku
1069:Aka Manto
845:Kasa Jizō
763:Folktales
707:王朝貴族の病状診断
704:王朝貴族の病状診断
681:幻想世界の住人たち
659:日本伝奇伝説大事典
604:. 東京堂出版.
320:. In the
223:Jingi-kan
150:yorimashi
138:shugensha
115:Aoi no Ue
2839:Yosuzume
2794:Yamawaro
2785:Yama-uba
2767:Yamabiko
2722:Ushi-oni
2713:Umi zatō
2648:Ungaikyō
2639:Menreiki
2576:Bakezōri
2421:Takaonna
2342:Shiranui
2261:Samebito
2225:Otoroshi
2124:Kidōmaru
2025:Nurikabe
1998:Nuppeppō
1971:Noderabō
1944:Namahage
1917:Mononoke
1825:Kuzunoha
1780:Kotobuki
1715:Hakuzōsu
1679:Kijimuna
1670:Keukegen
1625:Kamikiri
1605:Nekomata
1596:Bakeneko
1569:Jorōgumo
1560:Jinmenju
1551:Janjanbi
1445:Hinezumi
1346:Furaribi
1303:Dorotabō
1294:Dodomeki
1222:Ayakashi
1087:Akashita
899:Oto-hime
881:Momotarō
872:Kurozuka
800:Hakuzōsu
661:. 角川書店.
582:See also
561:日本古代の神と霊
366:mononoke
362:mononoke
358:mononoke
354:mononoke
350:mononoke
346:mononoke
335:mononoke
328:died in
318:mononoke
299:mononoke
295:mononoke
262:mononoke
233:mononoke
154:mononoke
146:mononoke
142:mononoke
119:mononoke
97:Mononoke
28:Mononoke
2749:Wanyūdō
2704:Umibōzu
2686:Ubagabi
2378:Shōkera
2351:Shirime
2324:Shikome
2171:Onikuma
2088:Ōmukade
1890:Mizuchi
1744:Komainu
1706:Kitsune
1661:Kawauso
1578:Jubokko
1542:Isonade
1524:Inugami
1497:Hyōsube
1427:Hibagon
1195:Aonyōbō
1177:Amikiri
1168:Ameonna
1123:Aoandon
1096:Akateko
1078:Akaname
854:Kintarō
640:日本大百科全書
547:多田 1990
535:池田 1959
520:多田 1990
508:服部 1975
481:大藤 1988
423:日本国語大辞典
409:朝倉 1963
394:小林 1986
314:onmyōdō
267:Enryaku
178:History
124:Ōkagami
68:Summary
2812:Yobuko
2803:Yanari
2513:Tenome
2504:Tennin
2430:Tanuki
2403:Sōjōbō
2360:Shiryō
2279:Satori
2270:Sankai
2189:Ōnyūdō
1962:Ningyo
1953:Namazu
1935:Mujina
1908:Momiji
1881:Misaki
1843:Mazoku
1816:Kumiho
1735:Kodama
1688:Kinoko
1587:Kaibyō
1515:Ikuchi
1506:Ikiryō
1373:Gagoze
1328:Enenra
1319:Dragon
1186:Aobōzu
1114:Amabie
713:
691:
665:
646:
627:
608:
602:神話伝説辞典
567:
457:
429:
219:Tenchō
191:物怪帰去の事
81:ikiryō
52:ikiryō
48:shiryō
2944:Yōkai
2866:Yūrei
2830:Yōsei
2821:Yōkai
2740:Waira
2695:Ubume
2522:Tesso
2495:Tengu
2394:]
2369:Shōjō
2243:Raijū
2216:Osaki
2180:Onryō
2153:Onibi
2079:Okubi
2070:Okiku
2043:Obake
1926:Mōryō
1834:Kyubi
1807:Kudan
1697:Kirin
1652:Kasha
1634:Kappa
1452:]
1391:Goryō
1310:]
1258:Basan
1105:Akuma
1000:Texts
621:日本の幽霊
372:Notes
201:稲亭物怪録
62:henge
57:yōkai
44:onryō
2758:Yako
2731:Uwan
2234:Ouni
2061:Oiwa
1355:Fūri
1249:Baku
711:ISBN
689:ISBN
663:ISBN
644:ISBN
625:ISBN
606:ISBN
565:ISBN
455:ISBN
427:ISBN
330:Engi
322:Jōwa
162:and
127:and
2486:Ten
2097:Oni
1989:Nue
451:大辞林
448:大辞林
237:oni
89:by
60:or
36:物の怪
2930::
2392:ja
1450:ja
1308:ja
683:.
527:^
488:^
469:^
401:^
380:^
368:.
252:時気
228:物恠
133:.
747:e
740:t
733:v
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