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272:. In the 15th century, under the influence of Western architecture, the base of the tower became more diverse and complex. Together with the vaulting, the shape of the tower was gradually adjusted. Together with the thobolate, it changes from circular to polygonal, which can be seen, for example, in the St. George Church in
247:
on the side arches, but also the dome, where the original purpose later lost its meaning. The second variant of the
Moldavian vault has inset arches or a star-shaped vault. Its structural peculiarity lies in the placement of eight arches on the inner side of the dome. This variant is dominated by a
86:
over which pendentives transform square the circle. Four smaller segment arches in turn transform the circle into a square. Gradually they rise above the nave and crown the dome or tholobate tower. The vault allows a significant reduction in the diameter and weight of the
378:
115:
there is a merging of
Eastern and Western architectural traditions. Significant development of religious architecture in the Principality of Moldavia mainly occurred in the 15th and 16th centuries.The local architecture drew heavily on
295:
In the 16th century, a newer variant was framed by arches. Sometimes it also appears in the form of overhanging ribs of the dome vault, which reduce the diameter of the dome itself. Such a solution can be seen, for example, in the
398:
355:
438:
185:, where the structural elements are reduced in favour of the expansion of the interior space. According to other historians of art, there is also a parallel of the Moldavian vault with the complex
418:
454:
158:. The transformation of the Byzantine vault system to the Moldavian one resulted in the expansion of the interior space and a reduction in the diameter or weight of the tholobate tower.
883:. Vol. 22 (International marketing information series ed.). United States. Embassy (Romania), United States. International Trade Administration. 1971. p. 18.
232:. The technical solutions were probably optimized at the beginning of the 15th century. The Moldavian vault first appears during the reign of the Moldavian prince
304:. A characteristic feature of later buildings is the construction of an additional tower above the nave and the replacement of Gothic decorative elements with
220:
From the end of the 14th century, there were construction experiments in
Moldavia that have lightened the weight from a tower with a small diameter. The
328:
complex built between 1650 and 1653. In the 18th and 19th centuries, traditional
Moldavian architecture was completely replaced by the architecture of
829:
722:"Land use changes and dynamics over the last century around churches of Moldavia, Bukovina, Northern Romania – Challenges and future perspectives"
173:) and the Moldavian vault. This hypothesis is supported by, among other factors, the emigration of Armenian craftsmen to the areas to regions of
237:
808:. Vol. 1 (Strategic Information and Developments ed.). Washington D.C.: Int'l Business Publications. 2012. pp. 69–71.
248:
Gothic influence, which is reflected in the use of a number of arches instead of four, eight or more. An example may be found in the
151:. The arched suspension system on the pendentives creates a transition from a square plane to a circular plane leading to a dome or
899:(Christian Art in Romania ed.). Bucharest: Bible and Mission Institute of the Romanian Orthodox Church. 1985. pp. 24, 29.
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573:(East Central and Eastern Europe in the Middle Ages, 450-1450 ed.). Leiden, Boston: Brill. p. 211.
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182:
125:
862:Świątynie, postacie, ikony: Malowane cerkwie i monastyry Bukowiny Południowej w wyobrażeniach rumuńskich
956:
791:
103:
The location of the
Moldavian vault in the cross-section of the Church of St. Nicholas in the complex
329:
261:
662:
165:
or
Oriental architecture, as there is a similarity between the design of the Armenian vault with an
174:
47:) is an architectural element of religious architecture used from the 15th to the 17th century in
685:"Bolta moldovenească – aport original al meşterilor moldoveni la tezaurul arhitectural universal"
117:
640:
16:
321:
317:
204:
148:
256:. It was built around 1492. This variant appears more frequently during the reigns of Princes
243:
The reduction of the diameter of the tower was used to cover the space of the so-called blind
229:
21:
166:
162:
479:
312:. The most important buildings were built around the town of Iași. These are, for example,
269:
194:
190:
68:
843:
128:. However, the influences of Western architecture are also visible; many churches include
8:
198:
181:
at the end of the 15th century. Some historians see the origin of the
Moldavian vault in
129:
289:
25:
500:
Multilingual
Illustrated dictionary of Byzantine Architecture and Sculpture Terminology
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architecture. A small number of experts consider the
Moldavian vault to be a
332:. At the end of the 19th and middle of the 20th century, it was revived in
285:
249:
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341:
71:
creates a transition from a square plane to a circular plane leading to a
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333:
305:
253:
133:
144:
52:
935:
273:
99:
879:"The Painted Churches in Romania - Matchless Gems of Universal Art".
152:
88:
76:
571:
Byzantium in
Eastern European Visual Culture in the Late Middle Ages
497:
186:
178:
112:
48:
628:. Bucharest: Editura Științifică și Enciclopedică. pp. 60–63.
361:
Cross section and floor plan of the Church of St. Nicholas in the
228:. This innovative solution first appears in the Old Church of the
161:
According to some experts, the Moldavian vault has its origins in
597:
Rumänien: Zwischen Karpaten und Donau, Banat und Schwarzmeerküste
409:
370:
309:
281:
29:
864:. Kraków: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. p. 41.
429:
695:. Chișinău: Institutul Patrimoniului Cultural al AŞM: 110–111.
301:
225:
221:
64:
684:
498:
Kalopise-Verte, Sophia; Panayotide-Kessisoglou, Maria (2010).
155:
79:
56:
384:
The interior Church of the Assumption of Virgin Mary in the
244:
140:
83:
72:
60:
448:, view of the Moldavian vault, 17th century, Iași, Romania
889:
Rumanian Art Treasures: Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries
930:
Arhitectură religioasă în Moldova în secolul al XVII-lea
569:
Rossi, Maria Alessia; Sullivan, Alice Isabella (2020).
502:. Heraklion: Crete University Press. pp. 104–106.
689:
Akademos: Revista de Ştiinţă, Inovare, Cultură şi Artă
20:
The interior of the Church of the Annunciation in the
906:
Rumänien entdecken: Kunstschätze und Naturschönheiten
891:. Edinburgh: Royal Scottish Museum. 1966. p. 11.
626:
Dicționar enciclopedic de artă medievală românească
444:The interior of the Church of the Ascension in the
540:
948:
720:Nicu, Ionut Cristi; Stoleriu, Cristian (2019).
336:architecture, represented, for example, by the
238:Exaltation of the Holy Cross Church in Pătrăuți
594:
830:"Arhitectura din Moldova in secolele XIV-XIX"
568:
530:. Editura Sport-Turism. pp. 46, 53, 333.
464:, view of the Moldavian vault, 20th century,
428:, view of the Moldavian vault, 16th century,
408:, view of the Moldavian vault, 16th century,
388:, view of the Moldavian vault, 15th century,
719:
541:Gheorghiu, Adrian; Dragomir, Virgil (1978).
404:The interior Church of St. Nicholas in the
897:Christian Art in Romania: The 15th century
595:Hannover Moser, Birgitta Gabriela (2019).
745:
525:
139:The Moldavian vault is based on a folded
908:. Berlin: Trescher Verlag. p. 325.
903:
682:
618:
616:
599:. Berlin: Trescher Verlag. p. 467.
545:. Applied Science Pub. pp. 73, 85.
203:
98:
15:
51:. It is an arched suspension system on
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338:Cathedral of the Three Holy Hierarchs
904:Hannover, Birgitta Gabriela (2007).
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13:
941:istoria și filologia moldovenească
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208:The interior of the Church of the
91:, the dome and the tower itself.
55:. It was mostly located above the
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298:Beheading of St. John the Baptist
738:10.1016/j.habitatint.2019.04.006
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266:the Descent of the Holy Spirit
124:, especially from the Serbian
1:
526:Bonifaciu, Sebastian (1985).
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316:built between 1576 and 1584,
972:Moldavian style architecture
543:Geometry of Structural Forms
462:Timișoara Orthodox Cathedral
120:and the architecture of the
82:. Consists of four diagonal
7:
806:Romania Country Study Guide
473:
424:The interior Church in the
183:Russian wooden architecture
126:Morava architectural school
10:
988:
846:(in Romanian). 2021-07-25.
832:(in Romanian). 2021-07-25.
789:mołdawskie sklepienie In:
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318:the Trei Ierarhi Monastery
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683:Nestorov, Tamara (2013).
593:Moldauisches Gewölbe In:
794:(in Polish). 2021-07-25.
660:bolta moldoveneasca In:
262:Alexander IV. Lăpușneanu
638:Bolta moldovenesca In:
624:Drăguț, Vasile (1976).
216:, 15th century, Romania
118:Palaeologan Renaissance
107:, 16th century, Romania
24:complex, 16th century,
528:Romania, Tourist Guide
322:Feast of the Ascension
217:
149:Byzantine architecture
108:
32:
780:Nesterov, pp. 114–118
771:Nesterov, pp. 111–113
726:Habitat International
207:
122:Post-Byzantine period
102:
19:
936:Romanian Monasteries
844:"Stilul moldovenesc"
480:Churches of Moldavia
460:The interior of the
300:Church from 1502 in
288:Church from 1532 in
276:from 1488 or in the
270:Dragomirna Monastery
967:Churches in Romania
962:Churches in Moldova
860:Kocój, Ewa (2006).
663:"Dicţionar de arta"
641:"www.roarhitect.ro"
230:Moldovița Monastery
224:were replaced by a
45:bolta moldovenească
22:Moldovița Monastery
792:"Encyklopedia PWN"
284:from 1530 and the
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109:
33:
957:Arches and vaults
815:978-1-4387-7538-8
606:978-3-89794-459-6
509:978-960-524-317-3
406:Probota Monastery
363:Bogdana Monastery
234:Stephen the Great
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365:. 14th century,
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314:Galata Monastery
290:Vatra Moldoviței
264:. An example is
189:vault system in
26:Vatra Moldoviței
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286:Annunciation
278:St. Nicholas
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59:or the main
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36:
34:
334:historicist
306:Renaissance
258:Petru Rareș
240:from 1487.
145:pendentives
134:Renaissance
53:pendentives
951:Categories
943:(Romanian)
932:(Romanian)
753:2021-07-11
706:2021-07-11
669:2021-07-01
647:2021-07-01
622:boltă In:
486:References
330:classicism
280:Church in
268:Church in
252:Church in
250:St. George
201:solution.
136:elements.
701:1857-0461
468:, Romania
466:Timișoara
432:, Romania
412:, Romania
392:, Romania
342:Timișoara
153:tholobate
89:tholobate
77:tholobate
732:: 4–12.
474:See also
187:muqarnas
179:Moldavia
171:galhatun
163:Armenian
147:used in
113:Moldavia
49:Moldavia
41:Romanian
881:Romania
410:Probota
371:Romania
367:Rădăuți
348:Gallery
310:Baroque
282:Probota
274:Voroneț
236:in the
222:columns
195:Islamic
191:Moorish
175:Galicia
95:History
63:of the
30:Romania
912:
868:
812:
699:
603:
577:
549:
506:
302:Arbore
254:Hârlău
245:arches
226:corbel
199:Gothic
167:oculus
130:Gothic
84:arches
67:. The
65:temple
156:tower
80:tower
69:vault
910:ISBN
866:ISBN
810:ISBN
697:ISSN
601:ISBN
575:ISBN
547:ISBN
504:ISBN
430:Iași
308:and
260:and
212:the
177:and
141:dome
132:and
73:dome
61:nave
57:naos
35:The
742:hdl
734:doi
193:or
143:on
111:In
75:or
953::
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730:88
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169:(
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