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acquires goods produced by others through the medium of undisguised social relations. Work activities derive their meaning and are determined by personal relationships, openly social and qualitatively specific (differentiated by social group, social status, the wide range of customs, traditional ties, etc.). But in a capitalist social formation, the objectification of labour is the means by which goods produced by others is acquired; the purpose of work is to acquire other products so someone other than producer uses the product (as well as its value). It is in this sense that a product is a commodity. It is both use-value for each other and medium of exchange for the producer; on one hand, it is a specific type of work that produces goods individuals to others; but on the other hand, the work, regardless of its specific content, is the producer of means to acquire the products of others. This feature of the work, which is specific to the social life in capitalism, is the basis of modern socialization, called "abstract labour". In the functioning of these new social relationships, labour under capitalism is no longer an external activity to capitalism but the foundation of capitalism, and so it is the labour that must be abolished.
662:, and impersonal domination. Postone argued that the form of socialization under capitalism (the historically specific function of the spirit of labour under capitalism) makes it possible to separate the concrete (as socially "natural" sound, true, etc.) and the abstract (as socially constructed, historically specific and contingent). This opposition between the concrete and the abstract, determined by social forms, pervades all forms of subjectivity, and thus helps to understand a central feature of the National Socialist ideology, because this ideology was not fundamentally anti-modern. It is true, Postone argued, that Nazism claimed to defend the peasantry and craftsmanship, but it also valued modern technological and industrial production. Nazism was rather a vulgar form of anti-capitalism. The rejection of the
605:" instead is to be referred to the structure of the commodity. The subjects are not humans, but it is rather their objectified relationships that are at the heart of socialization under capitalism. Fetishism, Postone noted, must be analyzed "in terms of the structure of social relations constituted by forms of praxis and its seizure by objectifying the category of capital (and hence value). The Subject for Marx, like Hegel is so abstract and can not be identified with any social actor whatsoever." This is the world where abstract labour (which is not immaterial labour) becomes the social bond, social mediation that mediates itself, reducing actual work to a simple expression of abstract labour. Abstract labour is then the source of alienation. The self-moving subject,
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Russell
Rockwell (2018), Hegel, Marx, and the Necessity and Freedom Dialectic: Marxist-Humanism and Critical Theory in the United States. Cham, Switzerland: Palgrave Macmillan. See especially Chapter 7: Moishe Postone's Deepened Interpretation of Marx's Value Theory: Grundrisse (pp. 145–60); and
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and its values is present in Nazism, but
Postone saw Nazi ideology as the affirmation of the concrete dimension of capitalism — which includes technology and industrial production, as well as the peasantry and manual labour — as the heart of a healthy, organic social life. This stood in contrast with
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ideology. Postone saw antisemitism as a major element in the development of a socio-historical theory of consciousness determined by social forms that are subjected to socialization under capitalism. What is said about modern antisemitism may also describe a trend of vulgar anti-capitalism that seeks
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Starting in this demonstration of the historically specific character of what Marx critiques, Postone provided a new critical theory that attacks the form of labour specific to the capitalist social formation. In non-capitalist societies, work is distributed by overt social relations. An individual
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discourse and a deeper layer that grounds this discourse, which makes it particularly difficult to interpret. Because of the inherent nature of the format Marx uses, the object of the critique of Marx has often been taken as the standpoint of this criticism. For example, not only is the category of
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Postone attempted to build a radical critique of the commodity, money, value, labour and politics not limited to describing the struggles around management and distribution. Pointing out that the market is a mechanism of distribution, and so secondary to the core of capitalism, allowed
Postone to
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clarify not only Marx's presentation, but other sections make explicit that the categories of capital such as value and exchange-labour, are historically specific to the capitalist social formation. The labour theory of value is not a theory of the material wealth created by labour but is in a
532:, he demonstrated that the assumptions of the "pessimistic turn" of Horkheimer were historically rather than theoretically founded. Postone interpreted critical writings on Marx's critique of political economy, especially in its Capital 1 edition, and
671:. The abstract is instead rejected, and it is personified by the Jews. Postone analyzed the figure of the Jew in modern antisemitism as the embodiment of abstract value, and extermination camps as a misbegotten notion of a "factory" to destroy value.
601:", which has nothing to do with a hoax of consciousness (an inverted representation), is the central part of the intellectual heritage of Marx. "Commodity fetishism" is not a misrepresentation, nor an exaggerated adoration, of goods. The "
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historically specific to the capitalist period, but value's basis, the capitalist form of wage labour, must also be historically specific, and does not apply conceptually to other periods. The methodological sections of the
625:. In the Soviet Union, the main difference was that instead of a market handling distribution it was planners. The abstract exchange of labour, which is the core of capitalism for Postone, was as it was in the West.
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Marx concludes that adequate critical theory must be completely immanent to its purpose. The criticism cannot be taken from a point of view external to its object, but must appear in the mode of presentation itself.
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Postone analyzed antisemitism against the
Marxian notion of the dual character of the commodity category. He observed that the characteristics that antisemitism attributes to Jews are the same as for value:
475:, a collection of essays that consider the meaning of the Holocaust in twentieth-century history and its influence on historical practice. Postone's work has had a large influence on the
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department, sparking a great deal of public resentment from graduate students whom he had been involved in teaching. He was later granted tenure by the history department.
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parallel manner also seen when looked at transhistorically as "human metabolism with nature." Precisely because it is not structured immanently, the
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the personification of the elements of capitalism that are so hated. Postone showed that modern antisemitism is very different from most forms of
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because it casts a huge global invisible power of international Jewry, the idea of a global conspiracy that is intrinsic to modern antisemitism.
516:'s critique of political economy, focusing on Marx's original concepts value, capital and labour. Inspired by heterodox Marxist thinkers such as
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Postone was the Thomas E. Donnelley
Professor of Modern History and co-director of the Chicago Center for Contemporary Theory.
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783:"Hannah Arendts Eichmann in Jerusalem: Die unaufgelöste Antinomie von Universalität und Besonderem," in Gary Smith (ed.),
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Congrès Marx
International V : Altermondialisme/ anticapitalisme. Pour une cosmopolitique alternative. Octobre 2007
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In 1978, Postone started a critical analysis on Marx's theory of value. However, his most distinguished main work,
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825:"After the Holocaust: History and Identity in West Germany," in K. Harms, L.R. Reuter and V. DĂĽrr (eds.),
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Chapter 8: Moishe
Postone's Deepened Interpretation of Marx's Value Theory: Capital (pp. 161–194).
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In his 1980 article "Anti-Semitism and
National Socialism", Postone developed new thinking on modern
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769:"The Holocaust and the Trajectory of the Twentieth Century," in M. Postone and E. Santner (eds.)
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776:"Lukács and the Dialectical Critique of Capitalism," in R. Albritton and J. Simoulidis, (eds.),
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822:, The Theory of Communicative Action) in Contemporary Sociology. Vol. 19, No. 2, March, 1990.
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and Edward LiPuma, Chicago and
Cambridge: University of Chicago Press and Polity Press, 1993.
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790:"Contemporary Historical Transformations: Beyond Postindustrial and Neo-Marxist Theories,"
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755:"History and Helplessness: Mass Mobilization and Contemporary Forms of Anticapitalism"
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1085:"Necessity, Labor and Time: A Reinterpretation of the Marxian Critique of Capitalism"
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797:"Deconstruction as Social Critique: Derrida on Marx and the New World Order," in
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Time, Labor and Social
Domination: A Reinterpretation of Marx's Critical Theory.
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Time, Labor and Social Domination: A Reinterpretation of Marx's Critical Theory
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broaden the historical scope of Marx's theory so that it can be applied to the
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Time, Labor and Social Domination: A Reinterpretation of Marx's Critical Theory
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832:"Anti-Semitism and National Socialism," in A. Rabinbach and J. Zipes (eds.),
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are identified as Geist, for the spirit would be labour not emancipation.
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Critique du fétiche-capital: Le capitalisme, l’antisemitisme et la gauche
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Against the traditional critique of capital from the standpoint of labour
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New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993, p. 75–76.
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746:"The Current Crisis and the Anachronism of Value: A Marxian Reading."
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Deutschland, die Linke und der Holocaust - Politische Interventionen
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Continental Thought & Theory: A Journal of Intellectual Freedom
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804:"Rethinking Marx in a Postmarxist World," in Charles Camic (ed.),
811:"Political Theory and Historical Analysis," in C. Calhoun (ed.),
780:, Houndsmill, Basingstoke and New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2003.
446:; and contemporary global transformations. He was co-editor with
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Catastrophe and Meaning: The Holocaust and the Twentieth Century
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Catastrophe and Meaning: The Holocaust and the Twentieth Century
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Hannah Arendt Revisited: "Eichmann in Jerusalem" und die Folgen
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He was originally denied tenure by the University of Chicago's
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929:. University of Chicago, Department of History. March 21, 2018
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An Introduction to the Three Volumes of Karl Marx's Capital
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726:. New York and Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993.
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In his works he proposed a fundamental reinterpretation of
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Marx Reloaded. Repensar la teorĂa crĂtica del capitalismo
694:. Tokyo: University of Tokyo Center for Philosophy, 2009.
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Postone was born on 17 April 1942, the son of a Canadian
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818:"History and Critical Social Theory," (Review essay on
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Modern antisemitism and the destruction of the abstract
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The Moishe Postone Legacy Project's archival documents
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794:. Vol. 19, 1999. Stamford, Conn: JAI Press Inc., 1999.
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Coping with the Past: Germany and Austria after 1945
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A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy
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Intervention d'Etienne Balibar & Moishe Postone
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
762:"Critique, State, and Economy" in Fred Rush (ed.)
716:Marx est-il devenu muet: Face Ă la mondialisation?
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561:is so structured with a surface level immanent to
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842:"On Nicolaus' 'Introduction' to the Grundrisse".
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700:. Madrid: Editorial Traficantes de Sueños, 2007.
688:. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 2013.
426:His research interests included modern European
829:, Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1990.
808:. Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers, 1998.
1122:https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9783319756103
881:
712:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2003.
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1424:Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts of 1844
927:"Moishe Postone, Social Theorist, 1942–2018"
766:Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.
1439:Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy
1035:"Funeral Details - Chicago Jewish Funerals"
903:. The University of Chicago. Archived from
764:The Cambridge Companion to Critical Theory,
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848:22 (Winter 1974-5). New York: Telos Press.
597:Postone asserted that the new concept of "
706:. Freiburg, Germany: Ca Ira Verlag, 2005.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1726:Writers about activism and social change
787:, Suhrkamp Verlag, Frankfurt a.M., 2000.
353:Time, Labor and Social Domination (1993)
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692:History and Heteronomy: Critical Essays
399:. He was a professor of history at the
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667:the abstract dimension represented by
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496:Capitalism as a historical specificity
380:(17 April 1942 – 19 March 2018) was a
16:Canadian historian and social theorist
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1018:"Zionism, anti-semitism and the left"
792:Current Perspectives in Social Theory
836:, New York: Holmes and Meier, 1986.
834:Germans and Jews Since the Holocaust
815:, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1992.
806:Reclaiming the Sociological Classics
778:New Dialectics and Political Economy
773:. University of Chicago Press, 2003.
718:Paris: les Ă©ditions de l'Aube, 2003.
550:Postone thought that in writing the
546:: a critique immanent to its purpose
47:adding citations to reliable sources
18:
1338:Abstract labour and concrete labour
13:
1591:21st-century Canadian philosophers
1586:21st-century Canadian male writers
1561:20th-century Canadian philosophers
1556:20th-century Canadian male writers
434:, especially critical theories of
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1716:Theorists on Western civilization
1631:Canadian male non-fiction writers
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507:Time, Labor and Social Domination
1686:Canadian philosophers of science
1606:21st-century Canadian historians
1596:21st-century Canadian economists
1576:20th-century Canadian historians
1566:20th-century Canadian economists
580:provides a key to read Capital.
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1701:Canadian political philosophers
1601:21st-century Canadian educators
1581:21st-century Canadian essayists
1571:20th-century Canadian educators
1464:Who cooked Adam Smith's dinner?
984:, Volume 5, Number 2: 155–164.
730:Bourdieu: Critical Perspectives
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492:Postone died on 19 March 2018.
34:needs additional citations for
1681:Philosophers of social science
1651:Deaths from cancer in Illinois
1373:Socially necessary labour time
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813:Habermas and the Public Sphere
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1721:University of Chicago faculty
1691:Canadian philosophy academics
1343:Capitalist mode of production
1192:Critique of political economy
1156:Interview with Moishe Postone
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869:Critique of political economy
613:'s use of Hegel, wherein the
524:, and certain authors of the
467:. He was also co-editor with
1646:Critics of political economy
1151:Conference of Moishe Postone
1141:at the University of Chicago
1059:"Moishe Postone (1942-2018)"
966:"Remembering Moishe Postone"
7:
1731:Writers about globalization
1449:Critique of Economic Reason
982:University of Chicago Press
978:Critical Historical Studies
970:Critical Historical Studies
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419:. He received his PhD from
405:Committee on Jewish Studies
403:, where he was part of the
200:Goethe University Frankfurt
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1656:Jewish American historians
1551:20th-century Canadian Jews
1671:Philosophers of economics
1611:Canadian anti-capitalists
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838:(Available in Farsi here)
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212:The Present as Necessity
1676:Philosophers of history
1666:Philosophers of culture
1626:Canadian male essayists
1621:Jewish Canadian writers
1495:Criticism of capitalism
1454:Discourse on Inequality
1039:Chicago Jewish Funerals
771:Catastrophe and Meaning
459:: Critical Perspectives
421:University of Frankfurt
962:Sewell, William H. Jr.
648:Christian antisemitism
637:, and particularly on
158:19 March 2018 (age 75)
1636:Canadian sociologists
1505:Economic anthropology
1231:Erik Johan Stagnelius
948:"How to be a Marxist"
741:Articles and chapters
593:"Commodity fetishism"
401:University of Chicago
393:political philosopher
326:University of Chicago
1515:Mainstream economics
1409:The Right to Be Lazy
428:intellectual history
336:Catherine Chatterley
302:intellectual history
43:improve this article
1706:Social philosophers
1661:Jewish philosophers
1485:Classical economics
1480:Assume a can opener
1312:Claus Peter Ortlieb
1287:Hans-Georg Backhaus
599:commodity fetishism
563:political economics
501:A heterodox Marxist
366:Gáspár Miklós Tamás
312:School or tradition
189:Academic background
1696:Philosophy writers
1641:Critical theorists
1616:Canadian educators
1459:The Accursed Share
894:"Curriculum Vitae"
799:History and Theory
759:18.1 Duke UP 2006.
639:National Socialist
530:Alfred Sohn-Rethel
300:, modern European
268:Alfred Sohn-Rethel
260:Isaak Illich Rubin
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734:Craig Calhoun
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611:György Lukács
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350:Notable works
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341:
340:LoĂŻc Wacquant
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99:December 2023
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60: –
59:
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54:Find sources:
48:
44:
38:
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32:This article
30:
26:
21:
20:
1378:Valorisation
1368:Law of value
1266:
1108:
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1091:
1078:
1067:. Retrieved
1065:. 2018-03-20
1062:
1053:
1042:. Retrieved
1038:
1029:
1021:
1012:
1001:. Retrieved
973:
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942:
931:. Retrieved
905:the original
900:
859:Post-Marxism
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675:Publications
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635:antisemitism
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623:Soviet Union
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511:
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477:anti-Germans
472:
469:Eric Santner
462:
455:
444:antisemitism
425:
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377:
376:
322:Institutions
248:G.W.F. Hegel
214: (1983)
211:
120:
105:
96:
86:
79:
72:
65:
53:
41:Please help
36:verification
33:
1546:2018 deaths
1541:1942 births
1414:Das Kapital
1302:Mark Fisher
1292:Robert Kurz
1221:John Ruskin
664:bourgeoisie
656:abstraction
615:proletariat
559:Das Kapital
518:Isaak Rubin
389:sociologist
230: [
1535:Categories
1419:Grundrisse
1383:Value-form
1262:André Gorz
1252:Guy Debord
1069:2018-03-21
1044:2018-03-20
1022:Solidarity
1003:2020-12-06
933:2020-12-06
875:References
660:automation
578:Grundrisse
573:Grundrisse
553:Grundrisse
535:Grundrisse
358:Influenced
279:Discipline
244:Influences
195:Alma mater
69:newspapers
1510:Economics
1404:Sarvodaya
1348:Commodity
1211:Karl Marx
998:149645318
514:Karl Marx
484:sociology
436:modernity
423:in 1983.
385:historian
287:sociology
252:Karl Marx
1331:Concepts
853:See also
457:Bourdieu
382:Canadian
166:Illinois
140:Edmonton
1473:Related
544:Capital
542:Marx's
440:Germany
283:History
162:Chicago
144:Alberta
83:scholar
996:
644:racism
603:fetish
207:Thesis
148:Canada
85:
78:
71:
64:
56:
1363:Illth
1088:(PDF)
994:S2CID
976:(2).
908:(PDF)
897:(PDF)
845:Telos
680:Books
607:Geist
417:rabbi
234:]
90:JSTOR
76:books
646:and
520:and
450:and
395:and
155:Died
133:Born
62:news
1063:IWM
986:doi
471:of
454:of
45:by
1537::
1096:45
1094:.
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972:.
968:.
916:^
899:.
883:^
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442:;
430:;
407:.
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364:,
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106:(
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39:.
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