Mohammad Mosaddegh

1379:, chief of the British intelligence station in Tehran, Britain's covert operations network had funnelled roughly £10,000 per month to the Rashidian brothers (two of Iran's most influential royalists) in the hope of buying off, according to CIA estimates, "the armed forces, the Majlis (Iranian parliament), religious leaders, the press, street gangs, politicians and other influential figures". Thus, in his statement asserting electoral manipulation by "foreign agents", Mosaddegh suspended the elections. His National Front party had made up 30 of the 79 deputies elected. Yet none of those present vetoed the statement, and completion of the elections was postponed indefinitely. The 17th Majlis convened in April 1952, with the minimum required of the 136 seats filled. 1967: 1563: 1288:

company, we would also eliminate corruption and intrigue, by means of which the internal affairs of our country have been influenced. Once this tutelage has ceased, Iran will have achieved its economic and political independence. The Iranian state prefers to take over the production of petroleum itself. The company should do nothing else but return its property to the rightful owners. The nationalization law provides that 25% of the net profits on oil be set aside to meet all the legitimate claims of the company for compensation. It has been asserted abroad that Iran intends to expel the foreign oil experts from the country and then shut down oil installations. Not only is this allegation absurd; it is utter invention.

1408:(also known as Ghavam os-Saltaneh) was appointed as Iran's new Prime Minister. On the day of his appointment, he announced his intention to resume negotiations with the British to end the oil dispute, a reversal of Mosaddegh's policy. The National Front—along with various Nationalist, Islamist, and socialist parties and groups—including Tudeh—responded by calling for protests, assassinations of the Shah and other royalists, strikes and mass demonstrations in favour of Mosaddegh. Major strikes broke out in all of Iran's major towns, with the Bazaar closing down in Tehran. Over 250 demonstrators in Tehran, Hamadan, Ahvaz, Isfahan, and Kermanshah were killed or suffered serious injuries. 1554:

from the country gave the Eisenhower administration the impetus to join the plan. The United States and the United Kingdom agreed to work together toward Mosaddegh's removal and began to publicly denounce Mosaddegh's policies for Iran as harmful to the country. In the meantime, the already precarious alliance between Mosaddegh and Kashani was severed in January 1953, when Kashani opposed Mosaddegh's demand that his increased powers be extended for a period of one year. Finally, to end Mossadegh's destabilising influence that threatened the supply of oil to the West and could potentially pave the way for a communist takeover of the country, the US made an attempt to depose him.

1491:, who had helped lead the takeover of the Abadan refinery and was at one point considered Mosaddegh's heir apparent; and most outspokenly Ayatollah Kashani, who damned Mosaddegh with the "vitriol he had once reserved for the British". The reason for difference of opinion among Makki and Mosaddegh was the sharp response of Mosaddegh to Kashani, who was an inoffensive scholar who attracted public support. Hossein Makki strongly opposed the dissolution of the parliament by Mossadegh and evaluated in the long run at his loss because with the closure of the parliament, the right to dismiss the Prime minister was made by the Shah. 895: 1727: 1689: 1339: 1401:, Mosaddegh insisted on the constitutional prerogative of the Prime Minister to name a Minister of War and the Chief of Staff, something the Shah had done up to that point. The Shah refused, seeing it as a means for Mosaddegh to consolidate his power over the government at the expense of the monarchy. In response, Mosaddegh announced his resignation appealing directly to the public for support, pronouncing that "in the present situation, the struggle started by the Iranian people cannot be brought to a victorious conclusion". 824: 1671:. Pro-Shah tank regiments stormed the capital and bombarded the prime minister's official residence. With loyalist troops overwhelmed, Mossadegh was taken into hiding by his aides, narrowly escaping the mob that set in to ransack his house. The following day, he surrendered himself at the Officers' Club, where General Zahedi had been set up with makeshift headquarters by the CIA. Zahedi announced an order for his arrest on the radio, and Mosaddegh was transferred to a military jail shortly after. 7448: 1263:. Demonstrations erupted in Tehran after Mosaddegh was elected, with crowds further invigorated by the speeches of members from the National Front. There was a special focus on the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company and the heavy involvement of foreign actors and influences in Iranian affairs. Although Iran was not officially a colony or a protectorate, it was still heavily controlled by foreign powers beginning with concessions provided by the Qajar Shahs and leading up to the oil agreement signed by 1307: 1419:(the 30th of Tir on the Iranian calendar), military commanders ordered their troops back to barracks, fearful of over-straining the enlisted men's loyalty, and left Tehran in the hands of the protesters. Frightened by the unrest, the Shah asked for Qavam's resignation, and re-appointed Mosaddegh to form a government, granting him control over the Ministry of War he had previously demanded. The Shah asked whether he should step down as monarch, but Mosaddegh declined. 1467:

peasants' share of production. This weakened the landed aristocracy by imposing a 20% tax on their income—of which 20% was diverted back to the crop-sharing tenants and their rural banks, and also by levying heavy fines for compelling peasants to work without wages. Mosaddegh attempted to abolish Iran's centuries-old feudal agriculture sector by replacing it with a system of collective farming and government land ownership, which centralised power in his government.

8767: 7438: 1428: 1013: 998: 1923: 1632:, who was involved in the plot to remove Mossadegh from power, in early August, Iranian CIA operatives pretending to be socialists and nationalists threatened Muslim leaders with "savage punishment if they opposed Mossadegh", thereby giving the impression that Mossadegh was cracking down on dissent earlier than planned, and stirring anti-Mossadegh sentiments within the religious community. A 2029: 1293:"pull out its employees" and told owners of oil tanker ships that "receipts from the Iranian government would not be accepted on the world market." Two months later the AIOC evacuated its technicians and closed down the oil installations. Under nationalised management, many refineries lacked the trained technicians that were needed to continue production. The British government announced a 1335:

from literate voters and increased the representation of the urban population. The opposition defeated the bill, on the grounds that it would "unjustly discriminate patriots who had been voting for the last forty years", thus leaving the National Front to compete against conservatives, royalists, and tribal leaders alike in the upcoming election.

3333:, p. 290: "He also became known for his support of parliamentary democracy and his strong opposition to foreign activities in Iran. Mosaddiq’s impassioned campaign against continued foreign interference in Iran and his warnings about the dangers of abandoning democracy for royal dictatorship attracted widespread support." 2169:, during debates, interviews, and speeches, repeatedly praised Mosaddegh's "secular, democratic government", while commenting on the 1953 CIA-backed coup, stating that it is a "bad example of U.S. foreign policy", resulting in "negative unintended consequences and dictatorships". Another candidate, Governor 53: 1951:

On March 5, 1979, not even a month after the Shah was deposed, hundreds of thousands of Iranians marked the 12th anniversary of Mossadegh's death. In Ahmadabad, where he was buried, Iranian leaders and politicians eulogized him in a way that would've been unthinkable before the Shah's removal. It was

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Zahedi's new government soon reached an agreement with foreign oil companies to form a consortium and "restore the flow of Iranian oil to world markets in substantial quantities", giving the United States and Great Britain the lion's share of the restored British holdings. In return, the US massively

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Though his suggestion was rebuffed by Eisenhower as "paternalistic", Churchill's government had already begun "Operation Boot", and simply waited for the next opportunity to press the Americans. On 28 February 1953, rumours spread by British-backed Iranians that Mosaddegh was trying to exile the Shah

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On 21 December 1953, Mossadegh was sentenced to three years' solitary confinement in a military prison, well short of the death sentence requested by prosecutors. After hearing the sentence, Mossadegh was reported to have said with a calm voice of sarcasm: "The verdict of this court has increased my

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The Shah finally agreed to Mossadegh's overthrow after Roosevelt said that the United States would proceed with or without him, and formally dismissed the prime minister in a written decree, an act that had been made part of the constitution during the Constitutional Assembly of 1949, convened under

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The plot, known as Operation Ajax, centered on convincing Iran's monarch to issue a decree to dismiss Mosaddegh from office, as he had attempted some months earlier. But the Shah was terrified to attempt such a dangerously unpopular and risky move against Mosaddegh. It would take much persuasion and

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Still enormously popular in late 1951, Mosaddegh called elections, and introduced a modified version of his 1944 electoral reform bill. As his base of support was in urban areas and not in the provinces, the proposed reform no longer barred illiterate voters, but placed them into a separate category

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The confrontation between Iran and Britain escalated as Mosaddegh's government refused to allow the British any involvement in their former enterprise, and Britain made sure Iran could sell no oil, which it considered stolen. In July, Mosaddegh broke off negotiations with AIOC after it threatened to

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stated her regret that Mosaddegh was ousted: "The Eisenhower administration believed its actions were justified for strategic reasons. But the coup was clearly a setback for Iran's political development and it is easy to see now why many Iranians continue to resent this intervention by America." In

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and give the prime minister power to make law was submitted to voters, and it passed with 99 per cent approval, 2,043,300 votes to 1300 votes against. According to historian Mark Gasiorowski, "There were separate polling stations for yes and no votes, producing sharp criticism of Mosaddeq" and that

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Engulfed in a variety of problems following World War II, Britain was unable to resolve the issue single-handedly and looked towards the United States to settle the matter. Initially, the US had opposed British policies. After mediation had failed several times to bring about a settlement, American

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Throughout his career, Mosaddegh strove to increase the power parliament held versus the expansion of the crown's authority. But tension soon began to escalate in the Majlis. Conservative, pro-Shah, and pro-British opponents refused to grant Mosaddegh special powers to deal with the economic crisis

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The British government also threatened legal action against purchasers of oil produced in the Iranian refineries and obtained an agreement with its sister international oil companies not to fill in where the AIOC was boycotting Iran. The entire Iranian oil industry came to a virtual standstill, oil

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The new administration introduced a wide range of social reforms: unemployment compensation was introduced, factory owners were ordered to pay benefits to sick and injured workers, and peasants were freed from forced labour in their landlords' estates. In 1952, Mossadegh passed the Land Reform Act

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Mosaddegh's overthrow had a direct relationship with the creation of an Islamic revolution and the collapse of the Pahlavi government. America's close relationship with the Shah and the subsequent hostility of the United States to the Islamic Republic and Britain's profitable interventions caused

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Although Mosaddegh was never directly elected as Prime Minister, he enjoyed massive popularity throughout most of his career. Despite beginning to fall out of favour during the later stages of the Abadan Crisis, the secret U.S. overthrow of Mosaddegh served as a rallying point in anti-US protests

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Soon, massive popular protests, aided by Roosevelt's team, took place across the city and elsewhere with tribesmen at the ready to assist the coup, with anti- and pro-monarchy protesters, both being paid by Roosevelt. By paying mobs to demonstrate, tricking Mossadegh into urging his supporters to

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Declassified documents released by the CIA in 2017 revealed that—after the Shah had fled to Italy—CIA headquarters believed the coup to have failed. Following the initial failed coup by the foreign-backed General Fazlollah Zahedi, the CIA sent Roosevelt a telegram on 18 August 1953 telling him to

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Though the Shah had only initiated land reform in January 1951, where all territory inherited by the Crown was sold to peasants at 20% of the assessed value over a payment period of 25 years, Mosaddegh decreed a new land reform law to supersede it, establishing village councils and increasing the

1455:

In addition to the reform program, which intended to make changes to a broad region of laws covering elections, financial institutions, employment, the judiciary, the press, education, health, and communications services, Mosaddegh tried to limit the monarchy's powers, cutting the Shah's personal

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Our long years of negotiations with foreign countries... have yielded no results thus far. With the oil revenues, we could meet our entire budget and combat poverty, disease, and backwardness among our people. Another important consideration is that by the elimination of the power of the British

1982:

Eventually, the CIA's involvement with the coup was exposed. This caused controversy within the organisation and the CIA congressional hearings of the 1970s. CIA supporters maintained that the coup was strategically necessary and praised the efficiency of the agents responsible. Critics say the

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its assets. Mossadegh saw the AIOC as an arm of the British government controlling much of the oil in Iran, pushing him to seize what the British had built in Iran. The next month, a committee of five majlis deputies was sent to Khuzistan to enforce the nationalisation. Mosaddegh justified his

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More popular than ever, a greatly strengthened Mosaddegh introduced a single-clause bill to parliament to grant him emergency "dictatorial decree" powers for six months to pass "any law he felt necessary for obtaining not only financial solvency, but also electoral, judicial, and educational

1510:

The British government had grown increasingly distressed over Mosaddegh's policies and were especially bitter over the loss of their control of the Iranian oil industry. Repeated attempts to reach a settlement had failed, and, in October 1952, Mosaddegh declared Britain an enemy and cut all

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of 1979 caught the CIA and the U.S. very much off guard (as CIA reporting a mere month earlier predicted no imminent insurrectionary turbulence whatsoever for the Shah's regime) and resulted in the overthrow of the Shah by a fundamentalist faction opposed to the U.S., headed by

1956:

For sixty solid miles, the highway from Tehran to Mossadeq's burial site...transformed into a massive, unbroken daisy chain of cars...In the final seven or eight miles approaching the village, traffic became so gridlocked that mourners were forced to...complete the journey on

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scheme was paranoid, colonial, illegal, and immoral—and truly caused the "blowback" suggested in the pre-coup analysis. The extent of this "blowback", over time, was not completely clear to the CIA, as they had an inaccurate picture of the stability of the Shah's regime. The

1978:

The U.S. role in Mosaddegh's overthrow was not formally acknowledged for many years, although the Eisenhower administration vehemently opposed Mossadegh's policies. President Eisenhower wrote angrily about Mosaddegh in his memoirs, describing him as impractical and naive.

1595:, to draft plans to overthrow Mossadegh. On 4 April 1953, Dulles approved $ 1 million to be used "in any way that would bring about the fall of Mosaddegh". Soon the CIA's Tehran station started to launch a propaganda campaign against Mossadegh. Finally, according to 952:

Before its removal from power, his administration introduced a range of social and political measures such as social security, land reforms and higher taxes including the introduction of taxation on the rent of land. His government's most significant policy was the

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The withdrawal of support for Mosaddegh by the powerful Shia clergy has been regarded as having been motivated by their fear of a communist takeover. Some argue that while many elements of Mosaddegh's coalition abandoned him, it was the loss of support from

2194:, the operative who led MI6's involvement in the coup. According to the newly discovered archive material, Darbyshire was involved in the kidnapping, torture, and assassination of General Mahmoud Afshartous, Mossadegh's chief of police, and the bribing of 988:

until his death and was buried in his own home so as to prevent a political furor. In 2013, the US government formally acknowledged its role in the coup as being a part of its foreign policy initiatives, including paying protestors and bribing officials.

1637:

the "controversial referendum...gave the CIA's precoup propaganda campaign to show up Mosaddeq as an anti-democratic dictator an easy target". On or around 16 August, Parliament was suspended indefinitely, and Mosaddeq's emergency powers were extended.

1371:: "Realizing that the opposition would take the vast majority of the provincial seats, Mosaddegh stopped the voting as soon as 79 deputies—just enough to form a parliamentary quorum—had been elected." An alternative account is offered by journalist 1947:

in Iranian society and a portent of the Islamic Revolution to come. The loss of the political clerics effectively cut Mosaddegh's connections with the lower middle classes and the Iranian masses which are crucial to any popular movement in Iran.

1482:

Partly through the efforts of Iranians sympathising with the British, and partly in fear of the growing dictatorial powers of the Prime Minister, several former members of Mosaddegh's coalition turned against him, fearing arrest. They included

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residence, until his death on 5 March 1967. He was denied a funeral and was buried in his living room, despite his request to be buried in the public graveyard, beside the victims of the political violence on 30 Tir 1331 (21 July 1952).

1713:

As soon as the coup succeeded, many of Mosaddegh's former associates and supporters were tried, imprisoned, and tortured. Some were sentenced to death and executed. The minister of foreign affairs and the closest associate of Mosaddegh,

1992:. In retrospect, not only did the CIA and the U.S. underestimate the extent of popular discontent for the Shah, but much of that discontent historically stemmed from the removal of Mosaddegh and the subsequent clientelism of the Shah. 896: 774: 1173:. He gave a speech in the Majlis, praising Reza Khan's achievements as prime minister while encouraging him to respect the constitution and stay as the prime minister. On 12 December 1925, the Majlis deposed the young Shah 7404: 4560: 845: 1478:

However, during this time Iranians were "becoming poorer and unhappier by the day", in large part due to the British-led boycott. As Mosaddegh's political coalition began to fray, his enemies increased in number.

5150: 1303:, where, on 15 October 1951, Mosaddegh declared that "the petroleum industry has contributed nothing to well-being of the people or to the technological progress or industrial development of my country." 6176: 846: 8215: 1660:

The protests turned increasingly violent, leaving almost 300 dead, at which point the pro-monarchy leadership, led by retired army General and former Minister of Interior in Mosaddegh's cabinet,

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and from there hid safely in Rome. He actually signed two decrees, one dismissing Mosaddegh and the other nominating the CIA's choice, General Zahedi, as Prime Minister. These decrees, called

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was elected President. In November and December, British intelligence officials suggested to American intelligence that the Iranian prime minister should be ousted. British prime minister

7626: 8103: 2336:, which is a grammatical marker linking two words together. It is not indicated in writing, and is not part of the name itself, but is used when a first and last name are used together. 1463:

However, six months proved not long enough, and Mosaddegh asked for an extension in January 1953, successfully pressing Parliament to extend his emergency powers for another 12 months.

2205:

newspaper under the title "A friendly suggestion to the great nation of Iran", urging the authorities of the time to use best judgement during the trial regarding a man like Mossadegh.

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flee Iran immediately, but Roosevelt ignored it and began work on the second coup, circulating a false account that Mossadegh attempted to seize the throne and bribed Iranian agents.

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which forced landlords to place 20% of their revenue into a development fund. This development fund paid for various projects such as public baths, rural housing, and pest control.

1519:

converted its ships to use oil as fuel, the corporation was considered vital to British national security, and the company's profits partially alleviated Britain's budget deficit.

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assess new archive material about the 1953 CIA-backed coup of Mossadegh. The documentary's primary contribution is to uncover the extent of MI6 involvement, particularly that of

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caused by the sharp drop in revenue and voiced regional grievances against the capital Tehran, while the National Front waged "a propaganda war against the landed upper class".

8909: 7596: 6169: 2198:, the twin sister of Shah Reza Pahlavi, to obtain the Shah's approval for the coup. The British government has never admitted its involvement in the overthrow of Mossadegh. 7924: 7649: 5611: 5581: 1515:

had the exclusive rights to Iranian oil. Earlier in 1914, the British government had purchased 51% of its shares and became the majority shareholder. After the British

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nationalisation policy by claiming Iran was "the rightful owner..." of all the oil in Iran, and also pointing out Iran could use the money, in a 21 June 1951 speech:

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budget, forbidding him to communicate directly with foreign diplomats, transferring royal lands back to the state and expelling the Shah's politically active sister

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reforms", in order to implement his nine-point reform program to bypass the stalled negotiations of the nationalisation of the oil industry. On 3 August 1952, the

1605:, and put the finishing touches on the strategy. Soon afterward, according to his later published accounts, the chief of the CIA's Near East and Africa division, 7551: 3948: 2270: 1220:'s (AIOC) operations in Iran. In 1947 Mossadegh once again announced retirement, after an electoral-reform bill he had proposed failed to pass through Majlis. 854: 836: 8596: 8245: 2850: 2275: 1056: 674: 210: 8661: 7581: 4646: 1538:

suggested to the incoming Eisenhower administration that Mosaddegh, despite the latter's open dislike of communism, would become reliant on the pro-Soviet

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reduced Iran's oil income to almost nothing, putting a severe strain on the implementation of Mosaddegh's promised domestic reforms. At the same time,

1118:. However, he was unable to assume his seat, because he had not reached the legal age of 30. During this period he also served as deputy leader of the 1071:(Sciences Po). He studied there for two years, returning to Iran because of illness in 1911. After two months, Mosaddegh returned to Europe to study a 8303: 7758: 7576: 5653: 1633: 1343: 1255:) elected Mosaddegh by a vote of 79–12. The Shah was aware of Mosaddegh's rising popularity and political power, after a period of assassinations by 4575: 4011: 2893:

She was also known as Zahra Khanum (literally: Princess Zahra), and after the death of her mother, she inherited her title name of Zi'a es-Saltaneh.

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martial law, at which time the power of the monarchy was increased in various ways by the Shah himself. As a precautionary measure, he flew to

1087:. In June 1913, Mosaddegh received his doctorate and in doing so became the first Iranian to receive a PhD in Law from a European university. 8879: 8195: 4303: 2162: 1739:

historical glories. I am extremely grateful you convicted me. Truly tonight the Iranian nation understood the meaning of constitutionalism."

1685:, played a major role in giving legitimacy to the coup, and were further spread by CIA officials. On 22 August, the Shah returned from Rome. 1048: 3833: 8864: 8398: 8313: 7743: 6189: 5302: 1331:

doubled their production in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Iraq, to make up for lost production in Iran so that no hardship was felt in Britain.

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stay home, and bribing and mobilising officers against Mossadegh, he was able to force a military confrontation outside Mossadegh's home.

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Mosaddegh became aware of the plots against him and grew increasingly wary of conspirators acting within his government. According to

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Despatch From the Embassy in Iran to the Department of State, No. 198 "The Ambassador in Iran (Henderson) to the Department of State"

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Despatch From the Embassy in Iran to the Department of State, No. 337 "Popularity and Prestige of Prime Minister Mohammed Mosadeq"

8666: 7962: 2488: 1567: 1130:, he relocated to Switzerland, from where he returned the following year after being invited by the new Iranian prime minister, 8824: 8351: 8205: 7934: 7813: 7716: 7508: 7498: 6344: 1625:

many US-funded meetings, which included bribing his sister Ashraf with a mink coat and money, to successfully change his mind.

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The Cold War, 1945–1991: Leaders and other important figures in the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, China, and the Third World

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production dropping almost 96% from 664,000 barrels (105,600 m) in 1950 to 27,000 barrels (4,300 m) in 1952. This

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and appoint Reza Khan the new Shah. Mossadegh voted against such a move, arguing that such an act was a subversion of the

823: 8944: 7877: 7711: 5710: 4796: 4743: 1562: 8959: 8954: 8874: 8814: 8646: 8508: 8163: 7591: 5107: 5017: 4927: 4533: 3994: 3077: 2445: 2420: 2391: 1091: 17: 3908: 8859: 8844: 8331: 8308: 8271: 8190: 8076: 8071: 7952: 7463: 6337: 5586: 5284: 5267: 5250: 5234: 5215: 5201: 5187: 5142: 5078: 5059: 5038: 4979: 4906: 4882: 4482: 4061: 3712: 2790: 2630: 2603: 2541: 1892: 1876: 1838: 1822: 1803: 1785: 1718:, was executed by order of the Shah's military court. The order was carried out by firing squad on 10 November 1954. 1364: 1229: 1107: 1044:. Mosaddegh himself later bore the same title, by which he was still known to some long after titles were abolished. 918: 914: 906: 2158:

was released in 2011. It features the player playing as Mosaddegh's cat reversing Mosaddegh's life to the beginning.

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blockade and embargo, reinforced its naval force in the Persian Gulf and lodged complaints against Iran before the

4597: 2732: 1216:, aiming to establish democracy and end the foreign presence in Iranian politics, especially by nationalising the 8606: 8423: 8066: 8009: 7726: 5667: 3186: 3061: 2245: 1966: 1300: 4654: 8004: 7989: 7733: 7493: 6802: 4205: 3579: 2782:

Elite-Counterelite Conflict and the Development of a Revolutionary Movement: The Case of Iranian National Front

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In neighbouring Afghanistan, support and sympathy for Mossadegh was evident in 1953 article in the Kabul-based

1134:(Moshir-ed-Dowleh), to become his minister of justice. While en route to Tehran, he was asked by the people of 7539: 4286: 1448:

voted in approval, and elected Ayatollah Kashani as House Speaker. Kashani's Islamic scholars, as well as the

8839: 7939: 7867: 7544: 7216: 4094: 3930: 2561: 1412: 981: 946: 705: 2930: 8200: 8185: 7843: 7571: 6625: 5786: 5746: 4180: 3949:"Secrets of History: The C.I.A. in Iran – A special report.; How a Plot Convulsed Iran in '53 (and in '79)" 1170: 1028:, and his mother, Princess Malek Taj Najm-es-Saltaneh, was the granddaughter of the reformist Qajar prince 977: 619: 331: 4619: 3819: 3756:

First Progress Report on Paragraph 5-1 of NSC 136/1, "U.S. Policy Regarding the Current Situation in Iran"

2462: 1452:, proved to be two of Mosaddegh's key political allies, although relations with both were often strained. 8899: 8789: 8478: 8321: 8210: 7897: 7606: 7164: 4231: 2114: 1588: 934: 4123: 3782:

Measures which the United States Government Might Take in Support of a Successor Government to Mosaddegh

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Iranian Politics and Religious Modernism: The Liberation Movement of Iran Under the Shah and Khomeini

2250: 1512: 1275: 1217: 958: 3506: 901:; 16 June 1882 – 5 March 1967) was an Iranian politician, author, and lawyer who served as the 30th 8708: 8468: 8346: 8341: 8298: 8260: 8019: 7823: 7699: 7341: 5715: 5700: 5361: 2225: 6154: 4698: 1619:

Clandestine Service History – Overthrow of Premier Mosaddegh of Iran – November 1952 – August 1953

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and declared Reza Shah the new monarch of the Imperial State of Persia, and the first Shah of the

7957: 7694: 7679: 6360: 6226: 6211: 5720: 5705: 4792: 4739: 3867:, George Washington University, quoting National security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 28 2076: 1127: 711: 4409: 4403: 4348: 1527:

concluded that the British were "destructive, and determined on a rule-or-ruin policy in Iran."

1024:, on 16 June 1882; his father, Mirza Hideyatu'llah Ashtiani, was the finance minister under the 8894: 8733: 8616: 8265: 8255: 8128: 7778: 7689: 7684: 7669: 6846: 6740: 6119: 5662: 5448: 5421: 4378: 4372: 3780: 3754: 3726: 3039: 1197: 902: 717: 68: 4917: 3614: 3598: 3294: 3087: 8651: 8601: 8473: 8180: 8175: 8158: 8153: 8148: 8113: 7872: 7818: 6715: 6494: 6434: 6418: 6276: 6264: 5909: 5889: 5873: 5821: 5514: 5225: 4725: 3071: 2970: 2796: 2265: 2240: 1665: 1606: 1392: 1260: 1189: 973: 942: 723: 286: 274: 186: 134: 89: 5208:

Daughter of Persia: A Woman's Journey from Her Father's Harem through the Islamic Revolution

3918: 2050: 8804: 8799: 8573: 8044: 8034: 7828: 7601: 7529: 7207: 6880: 6756: 6687: 6667: 6663: 6649: 6518: 5816: 2235: 2230: 2154: 2090: 1747: 1531: 1398: 1256: 938: 692: 8: 7808: 7659: 7503: 7379: 6295: 6129: 5969: 5899: 5879: 5841: 5796: 5766: 5751: 5731: 4937: 3215: 3120: 2141:, directed by Roozbeh Dadvand, was released in 2011. The role of Mosaddegh was played by 2113:, which deals with the life of the Shah's second wife and former Queen of Iran, Princess 1940: 1192:. In 1944, Mosaddegh was once again elected to parliament. This time he took the lead of 1123: 1119: 1036:. When Mosaddegh's father died in 1892, his uncle was appointed the tax collector of the 1033: 922: 397: 5393: 4817: 980:

with the British, which gave split ownership of Iranian oil production between Iran and

8718: 8693: 8528: 8503: 8463: 8453: 8403: 8368: 8250: 8225: 7803: 7654: 6609: 6542: 6510: 6114: 6065: 6060: 6050: 6030: 5934: 5884: 5490: 5473: 5335: 5327: 4864: 4624: 4236: 4162: 3889: 3549: 3480: 3472: 2687: 2679: 2170: 2002: 1996: 1989: 1984: 1932: 1707: 1664:, interceded, joined with underground figures such as the Rashidian brothers and local 1610: 1597: 1584: 1405: 1311: 1052: 1041: 488: 4032: 3198: 1067:

In 1909, Mosaddegh pursued education abroad in Paris, France, where he studied at the

1020:

Mosaddegh was born to a prominent Persian family of high officials in Ahmedabad, near

8373: 8293: 8108: 7914: 7674: 7644: 7561: 7083: 7036: 7028: 7012: 6968: 6944: 6856: 6772: 6748: 6707: 6691: 6641: 6633: 6558: 6486: 6378: 6301: 6055: 6045: 6025: 5974: 5929: 5791: 5761: 5603: 5369: 5351: 5339: 5319: 5280: 5263: 5246: 5230: 5211: 5197: 5183: 5167: 5159: 5138: 5124: 5103: 5074: 5055: 5034: 5013: 5007: 4975: 4947: 4923: 4902: 4892: 4878: 4860: 4757: 4529: 4478: 4413: 4382: 4154: 4074: 4057: 3990: 3895: 3708: 3575: 3484: 2786: 2691: 2671: 2626: 2599: 2537: 2507: 2441: 2416: 2387: 2255: 2191: 2142: 2094: 1601:, in early June, American and British intelligence officials met again, this time in 1535: 1368: 1185: 1155: 1072: 1037: 352: 2015:

pessimism for Iranians, stirring nationalism and suspicion of foreign interference.

1726: 1688: 8746: 8723: 8713: 8686: 8681: 8631: 8626: 8538: 8458: 8336: 8168: 7972: 7944: 7706: 7556: 7524: 7020: 6960: 6888: 6699: 6675: 6671: 6233: 6070: 6015: 5806: 5781: 5458: 5311: 5241: 5194:

Empire and Nationhood: The United States, Great Britain, and Iranian Oil, 1950–1954

4870: 4146: 4036: 3885: 3464: 2990: 2663: 2126: 1971: 1943:

and another cleric that was fatal to his cause, reflective of the dominance of the

1661: 1251:

On 28 April 1951, the Shah confirmed Mosaddegh as Prime Minister after the Majlis (

1205: 1174: 1154:

in the government of Moshir-ed-Dowleh in June 1923. He then became governor of the

1151: 1143: 1006: 889: 877: 469: 425: 373: 307: 250: 222: 113: 5155: 4339: 4128:

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952-1954, Iran, 1951–1954, Second Edition

3453:"An Experiment with Civilian Dictatorship in Iran; The Case of Mohammed Mossadegh" 2100:

The figure of Mosaddegh was an important element in the 2003 French TV production

1952:

estimated that the crowd in size was over one million. The event was described as:

1181:. Mosaddegh then retired from politics, due to disagreements with the new regime. 8438: 8418: 8393: 8383: 7977: 7907: 7853: 7721: 7324: 7248: 7172: 6988: 6868: 6860: 6826: 6732: 6724: 6711: 6601: 6550: 6534: 6526: 6458: 6426: 6386: 6020: 5995: 5984: 5631: 5414: 5255: 5049: 4993: 4941: 4343: 2195: 2118: 2080: 1692: 1681: 1484: 1178: 444: 348: 146: 6695: 4831: 3862: 2800: 2006:

published a detailed report about the coup based on declassified CIA documents.

1475:, which had been agitating the peasants by criticising his lack of land reform. 1278:, cancelling its oil concession, which was otherwise set to expire in 1993, and 1200:, created in 1949), an organisation he had founded with nineteen others such as 8553: 8548: 8363: 7833: 7351: 7314: 7224: 7189: 7135: 7070: 7066: 7004: 6900: 6884: 6785: 6617: 6462: 6450: 6442: 6402: 6092: 6040: 5964: 5949: 5939: 5524: 5272: 5220: 5003: 4352:. 4. Vol. VIII. New York City: Bibliotheca Persica Press. pp. 345–355 2705: 2534:

Evolving Iran: An Introduction to Politics and Problems in the Islamic Republic

2354:

Sources differ, either 79, 81, or 88 seats (Collier 2017) were elected in 1952.

2166: 2131: 1715: 1500: 1457: 1372: 1338: 1244: 1201: 1115: 926: 910: 5315: 5292:, edited by Mark J. Gasiorowski and Malcolm Byrne. Translated into Persian as 5028: 4802: 4749: 3468: 2667: 957:, which had been built by the British on Persian lands since 1913 through the 8783: 8523: 8498: 8493: 8448: 8443: 8433: 8428: 8408: 8388: 7447: 7363: 7298: 7289: 7168: 7154: 7091: 7074: 7062: 6996: 6980: 6976: 6952: 6936: 6830: 6818: 6703: 6683: 6679: 6659: 6502: 6478: 6394: 5846: 5831: 5811: 5756: 5593: 5323: 5171: 4158: 2780: 2675: 2618: 2183: 1668: 1649: 1629: 1488: 1320: 1279: 1213: 1166: 1139: 1131: 1025: 481: 448: 385: 262: 1935:, and to this day he is one of the most popular figures in Iranian history. 1415:

called on the people to wage a "holy war" against Qavam. The following day,

1306: 8611: 8543: 8513: 8413: 7391: 7306: 7285: 7272: 7264: 7240: 7232: 7115: 7107: 7052: 6920: 6864: 6810: 6789: 6764: 6593: 6470: 6410: 6329: 6307: 6250: 5894: 5861: 5558: 4454: 2375: 2187: 2130:, Malick (Victor McCay) references Mosaddegh and the coup as he and Bates ( 2086: 2054: 1743: 1731: 1592: 1524: 1209: 985: 682: 1701:, and confidant of Dr. Mossadegh at Mossadegh's trial after the 1953 coup. 1471:

indicates that Mosaddegh saw this as a means of checking the power of the

8636: 8563: 8533: 8518: 8483: 7566: 7336: 7328: 6928: 6892: 6876: 6838: 6005: 5959: 5954: 5944: 5924: 5919: 5914: 5836: 5826: 5441: 5431: 4989: 4874: 4615: 4141:

Ahmed, Eqbal (1980). "What's Behind the Crises in Iran and Afghanistan".

3567: 3523:

Zabih, Sepehr. The Mosaddegh Era: Roots of the Iranian Revolution, p. 65.

3367:

Mosaddegh: The Years of Struggle and Opposition by Col. Gholamreza Nejati

2903: 2730: 2557: 2146: 1539: 1472: 1468: 1449: 1147: 1095: 1084: 1029: 799: 437: 319: 158: 101: 5226:

All The Shah's Men: An American Coup and the Roots of Middle East Terror

5009:

All the Shah's men: an American coup and the roots of Middle East terror

4970:

Collier, David R. (2017). "Mossadegh and the Anglo-Iranian Oil Crisis".

4676: 4552:"British diplomats tried to suppress details of a MI6 role in Iran coup" 3553: 3537: 8558: 8378: 8326: 8091: 7383: 7203: 7127: 7044: 6872: 6793: 6566: 6197: 5979: 5904: 5677: 5071:

Oil, Power, and Principle: Iran's Oil Nationalization and Its Aftermath

4898:

The Coup: 1953, the CIA, and the Roots of Modern U.S.-Iranian Relations

4204:

The Modern Middle East: A Political History Since the First World War,

3476: 1516: 807: 656: 52: 5331: 4220:

by L.P. Elwell-Sutton. 1955. Lawrence and Wishart Ltd. London. p. 315.

4166: 3452: 2785:(PhD thesis). Southern Illinois University at Carbondale. p. 19. 2683: 2651: 1012: 8739: 7371: 7359: 7119: 6258: 6239: 6035: 5851: 5623: 5573: 4896: 4818:"Martin O'Malley: Imagine If Iran Had Continued on a Democratic Path" 2043: 1543: 1436: 1264: 1162: 984:

until 1979. Mosaddegh was imprisoned for three years, then put under

3834:"Documents reveal new details about CIA's role in 1953 coup in Iran" 3239:"International Oil--Shortage, Cartel or Emerging Resource Monopoly?" 1239: 7769:

Donald Trump's threat for the destruction of Iranian cultural sites

7664: 7181: 7099: 6781: 6184: 4150: 3838: 2345:"Older people still speak of Dr. Musaddiq as Musaddiqu's-Saltanah." 2039: 1547: 1314:

in their first meeting after Mossadegh's election as Prime Minister

1295: 4461:

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952-1954, Iran, 1951–1954

4075:"Pahlavani: Misinformation, Misconceptions and Misrepresentations" 3511:

Foreign Relations of the United States, 1952-1954, Iran, 1951–1954

2758:"In declassified document, CIA acknowledges role in '53 Iran coup" 2333: 1922: 1367:

before rural votes could be fully counted. According to historian

7982: 7332: 7256: 5242:

Overthrow: America's Century of Regime Change from Hawaii to Iraq

5180:

U.S. Foreign Policy and the Shah: Building a Client State in Iran

4972:

Democracy and the Nature of American Influence in Iran, 1941-1979

4475:

The Silent Takeover: Global Capitalism and the Death of Democracy

2596:

U.S. Foreign Policy and the Shah: Building a Client State in Iran

2220: 2178: 1697: 1676: 1111: 8216:

Comprehensive Iran Sanctions, Accountability, and Divestment Act

1644: 1427: 8104:

Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq, Jordan, and Syria (2023–present)

5116:

Berkeley: University of California Press, c 1993. 0-520-08173-0

3752: 2134:) try to deal with the situation at the U.S. Embassy in Tehran. 1602: 1445: 1328: 1135: 1021: 997: 857:

from the Library, Museum and Document Center of Iran Parliament

678: 652: 4576:"64 Years Later, CIA Finally Releases Details of Iranian Coup" 4340:"Elections I. Under the Qajar and Pahlavi Monarchies, 1906–79" 4012:"64 Years Later, CIA Finally Releases Details of Iranian Coup" 2731:

Saeed Kamali Dehghan; Richard Norton-Taylor (19 August 2013).

7967: 5300:

Gasiorowski, Mark J. (1987). "The 1953 Coup D'etat in Iran".

4277:

by L.P. Elwell-Sutton. 1955. Lawrence and Wishart Ltd. London

4124:

Record of Meeting in the Central Intelligence Agency, No. 307

3743:

Statement of policy proposed by the National Security Council

3348: 3336: 3257: 2413:

Chaos: A Study on Life and Character of Dr. Mohammad Mosaddeq

1944: 4467: 3728:

United States policy regarding the current situation in Iran

3431: 3429: 3389: 3387: 3274: 3272: 3144: 3142: 3093: 1040:

and was bestowed with the title of Mosaddegh-os-Saltaneh by

7437: 7199: 6287: 6102: 4455:

Roy M. Melbourne First Secretary of Embassy (1 July 1953).

3615:

https://archive.org/details/allshahsmenameri00kinz/page/159

3599:

https://archive.org/details/allshahsmenameri00kinz/page/135

3295:

https://archive.org/details/allshahsmenameri00kinz/page/150

2489:"The United States Overthrew Iran's Last Democratic Leader" 2386:] (in Persian). Los Angeles, CA: Ketab Co. p. 25. 1576:

1953 Iranian coup d'état § Execution of Operation Ajax

1188:

was forced by the British to abdicate in favour of his son

7587:

Phone conversation between Barack Obama and Hassan Rouhani

3799: 929:

aided by the intelligence agencies of the United Kingdom (

7893:

United States raid on the Iranian Liaison Office in Erbil

4244: 3966: 3919:

https://archive.org/details/allshahsmenameri00kinz/page/7

3426: 3404: 3402: 3384: 3372: 3269: 3139: 2384:

A Glance at the Political Career of Dr. Mohammad Mosaddeq

1617:

made partial publication of a leaked CIA document titled

992: 930: 8119:

Iranian interference in the 2024 United States elections

8025:

December 2019 United States airstrikes in Iraq and Syria

3643:"No traction for proposal to name street after Mosaddeq" 3164:. University of California Press, Berkeley 1954, p. 268. 3127: 2945: 2750: 2216:

The nationalisation of the Iranian oil industry movement

7552:

Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations and Consular Rights

5121:

The Persian Night: Iran under the Khomeinist Revolution

2877: 2875: 1324: 966: 8915:

People who have been placed under house arrest in Iran

8236:

Countering America's Adversaries Through Sanctions Act

4779:"Bernie Sanders, Dr. Mossadegh, and US foreign policy" 4104: 3685: 3645:. Mehr News Agency. 9 September 2008. News ID: 2820572 3399: 3312: 3300: 3008: 2819: 2778: 1397:

On 16 July 1952, during the royal approval of his new

8910:

Deputies of Tehran for National Consultative Assembly

8597:

Academic relations between Iran and the United States

8246:

United States Diplomatic and Consular Staff in Tehran

3414: 2577: 2575: 1422: 1375:: Beginning in the early 1950s under the guidance of 8662:

Our enemy is here, they are lying that it is America

7582:

Correspondence between Barack Obama and Ali Khamenei

2872: 2562:"The C.I.A. in Iran: First Few Days Look Disastrous" 7799:

Assassination of Paul R. Shaffer and John H. Turner

4803:"Bernie Sanders – The Young Turks Interview (FULL)" 4435:"Six Myths about the Coup against Iran's Mossadegh" 3213: 2984:"The life of Mirza Hassan Khan, Mostofi Al Mamalek" 2831: 2435: 2415:] (in Persian). Tehran: Ney. pp. 146–155. 2085:. Others considered for that year's title included 1165:in the Majlis proposed legislation to dissolve the 5661: 5149: 5100:Mohammad Réza Pahlavi, le dernier shah – 1919–1980 4550: 4130:(Report). Office of the Historian. 28 August 1953. 3020: 2724: 2623:The Prize: The Epic Quest for Oil, Money and Power 2572: 2117:. Mosaddegh's role was played by the French actor 1706:funded the Shah's resulting government, until the 1546:" and towards the Soviet sphere at a time of high 1542:, resulting in Iran "increasingly turning towards 1363:His government came under scrutiny for ending the 1110:of 1905–07. At the age of 24, he was elected from 8920:Iranian elected officials who did not take office 8304:Iranian Students Association in the United States 4054:Countercoup: The Struggle for the Control of Iran 3753:Walter B. Smith, Undersecretary (20 March 1953), 2807: 1114:to the newly inaugurated Persian Parliament, the 962: 8781: 7839:Jimmy Carter's engagement with Ruhollah Khomeini 4573: 4526:America and Iran: A History, 1720 to the Present 4009: 3894:. New York: Ballantine Books. pp. 366–367. 3724: 3504: 2531: 1570:in Arlington National Cemetery in Virginia, 1951 1530:The American position shifted in late 1952 when 1106:Mosaddegh started his political career with the 4946:. University of California Press. p. 110. 4800: 4750:"Bernie Sanders on Regime Change and Mossadegh" 3538:"The Problem of Land-Reform in the Middle East" 2712:. The National Security Archive. 19 August 2013 2536:. Georgetown University Press. pp. 85–86. 2409:آشوب: مطالعه‌ای در زندگی و شخصیت دکتر محمد مصدق 8050:February 2021 United States airstrike in Syria 8030:Attack on the United States embassy in Baghdad 8000:Deportation of Iranian students at US airports 7888:United States kill or capture strategy in Iraq 7577:Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's letter to George W. Bush 7489:Consulate-General of the United States, Tabriz 7484:Interests Section of Iran in the United States 5481:Commander-in-Chief of the Iranian Armed Forces 855:Recorded in the National Consultative Assembly 8196:Iran, North Korea, Syria Nonproliferation Act 7420: 6345: 6170: 5647: 4595: 3864:The Secret CIA History of the Iran Coup, 1953 3860: 3217:Oil Industry II. Iran's Oil and Gas Resources 1652:played a major role in Mossadegh's overthrow. 1234: 925:, until his government was overthrown in the 8318:Public Affairs Alliance of Iranian Americans 8314:Organization of Iranian American Communities 6359: 5394:Mohammad Mosaddegh and the 1953 Coup in Iran 5303:International Journal of Middle East Studies 5260:Modern Iran: Roots and Results of Revolution 5206:Sattareh Farman Farmaian & Dona Munker, 4310:. University of Arkansas (Political Science) 4287:Eccentric Nationalist Begets Strange History 4048: 4046: 3705:Mohammad Mosaddegh and the 1953 Coup in Iran 3666:"The Coup Against Iran's Mohammad Mossadegh" 2656:International Journal of Middle East Studies 2512:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 1158:. In 1923, he was re-elected to the Majlis. 580:11 February 1924 – 11 February 1926 8677:United States and state-sponsored terrorism 7535:Nationalization of the Iranian oil industry 5299: 5290:Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 Coup in Iran 5277:Musaddiq and the Struggle for Power in Iran 5114:Khomeinism: essays on the Islamic Republic. 4762:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 4639: 4614: 4574:Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (18 March 2024). 3987:Mohammad Mosaddeq and the 1953 coup in Iran 3984: 3542:Pakistan Institute of International Affairs 3531: 3529: 3446: 3444: 3214:Badakhshan, A.; Najmabadi, F. (July 2004), 2649: 2645: 2643: 2641: 2639: 2593: 2556: 2406: 1926:Stamp commemorating Mossadegh's birth, 1980 1613:, arrived in Tehran to direct it. In 2000, 1505: 1386: 955:nationalisation of the Iranian oil industry 299:30 September 1921 – 8 October 1921 8672:United States involvement in regime change 8657:Opposition to military action against Iran 8221:Iran Freedom and Counter-Proliferation Act 8062:June 2021 United States airstrike in Syria 7427: 7413: 6352: 6338: 6177: 6163: 5654: 5640: 5396:—Book and declassified documents from the 4965:(4 ed.). Boulder, CO: Westview Press. 4891: 4859: 4523: 4450: 4448: 4401: 4370: 4250: 4010:Allen-Ebrahimian, Bethany (20 June 2017). 3972: 3884: 3788:, George Washington University, March 1953 3682:, Princeton University Press, 1980, p. 42. 3435: 3393: 3378: 3354: 3342: 3278: 3263: 3162:The Anglo-Iranian Oil Dispute of 1951–1952 3148: 2951: 2527: 2525: 2523: 1591:, which was headed by his younger brother 1487:, head of the worker-based Toilers party; 1435:: "Iran has won", featuring Mosaddegh and 1411:On the fourth day of mass demonstrations, 417:21 November 1921 – 7 January 1922 51: 8015:2019 Iranian shoot-down of American drone 7749:International Maritime Security Construct 5296:by Ali Morshedizad, Ghasidehsara Pub. Co. 5147: 5135:Mohammad Mossadegh; A Political Biography 4960: 4596:Norton-Taylor, Richard (19 August 2013). 4488: 4208:, 2011-01-03, by Mehran Kamrava, page 148 4043: 3330: 3133: 3099: 2598:. Cornell University Press. p. 166. 2018: 1494: 1358:"Dr. Mosaddegh facing political problems" 1223: 1101: 639:Mirza Mohammad-Khan Mossadegh-ol-Saltaneh 8642:International Conference on Hollywoodism 7860:America can't do a damn thing against us 7479:Ambassadors of the United States to Iran 7469:Ambassadors of Iran to the United States 7288:/ Ella Watson-Stryker / Foday Gollah / 5012:. Hoboken, N.J.: John Wiley & Sons. 4620:"Secrets of History: The C.I.A. in Iran" 4591: 4589: 4432: 3535: 3526: 3450: 3441: 2636: 1965: 1921: 1725: 1687: 1643: 1561: 1426: 1337: 1305: 1238: 1011: 996: 461:11 October 1920 – 22 March 1921 365:17 February 1922 – 12 July 1922 242:30 May 1923 – 23 September 1923 27:Prime Minister of Iran from 1951 to 1953 8357:People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran 5073:. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. 5047: 5030:Mohammad Mossadegh: Political biography 4969: 4936: 4915: 4608: 4548: 4445: 4338:Azimi, Fakhreddin (13 December 2011) . 4110: 4090: 4088: 3820:"How the CIA toppled Iranian democracy" 3817: 3707:, Syracuse University Press, May 2004. 3574:. Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 40. 3566: 3560: 3408: 3318: 3306: 3243:Vanderbilt Journal of Transnational Law 3014: 2981: 2975: 2837: 2825: 2520: 2486: 2463:"How the CIA toppled Iranian democracy" 2460: 1098:before beginning his political career. 752: 1901; died 1965) 14: 8782: 8352:National Council of Resistance of Iran 7509:Iran Syria Policy and Operations Group 5210:. New York: Three Rivers Press, 2006. 5002: 4776: 4747: 4598:"CIA admits role in 1953 Iranian coup" 4519: 4517: 4333: 4331: 4329: 4327: 4325: 4275:Persian Oil: A Study in Power Politics 4229: 4218:Persian Oil: A Study in Power Politics 4116: 4003: 3914: 3861:Malcolm Byrne, ed. (2 November 2000), 3805: 3703:Mark J. Gasiorowski and Malcolm Byrne 3610: 3594: 3498: 3420: 3290: 3236: 3083: 3067: 2966: 2920: 2733:"CIA admits role in 1953 Iranian coup" 2581: 2532:Rieffer-Flanagan, Barbara Ann (2013). 2374: 2163:2016 Democratic presidential primaries 1721: 1511:diplomatic relations. Since 1935, the 1150:(Qavam os-Saltaneh) in 1921, and then 993:Early life, education and early career 976:returned to power, and negotiated the 559:11 July 1926 – 13 August 1928 501:25 April 1950 – 27 April 1951 178:21 July 1952 – 19 August 1953 81:21 July 1952 – 19 August 1953 8870:Moderate Socialists Party politicians 8699:American Institute of Iranian Studies 8278:Alleged violations of Treaty of Amity 8057:Leaked Mohammad Javad Zarif audiotape 7408: 6333: 6158: 5635: 4988: 4647:"Mohammad Mosaddegh, Man of the Year" 4586: 4563:from the original on 12 January 2022. 4433:Carlston, Morgan (2 September 2014). 4408:. Syracuse University Press. p. 4377:. Syracuse University Press. p. 4337: 4280: 4140: 3946: 3725:James S. Lay Jr. (20 November 1952), 2962: 2960: 2881: 2857:, London, 4 June 2003, archived from 2706:"CIA Confirms Role in 1953 Iran Coup" 2380:نگاهی به کارنامه سیاسی دکتر محمد مصدق 1274:On 1 May, Mosaddegh nationalised the 1069:Institut d'études politiques de Paris 888: 530:7 March 1944 – 12 March 1946 126:28 April 1951 – 16 July 1952 8880:Leaders of the National Front (Iran) 8137:United States sanctions against Iran 7930:2011 alleged Iran assassination plot 7925:United States diplomatic cables leak 7474:Embassy of the United States, Tehran 6765:The Generation Twenty-Five and Under 5026: 4095:C.I.A. and Moscow Are Both Surprised 4085: 3924: 3026: 2813: 2487:Gasiorowski, Roham Alvandi, Mark J. 2022: 1754: 8865:Democrat Party (Persia) politicians 7878:Lawrence Franklin espionage scandal 5098:Yves Bomati et Houchang Nahavandi: 5068: 4963:A History of the Modern Middle East 4815: 4514: 4322: 4230:Hangen, Welles (22 December 1952). 3931:Trying to Persuade a Reluctant Shah 3691: 3663: 3505:Loy W. Henderson (11 August 1952). 2982:Baktiar, Salar (24 November 2004). 972:In the aftermath of the overthrow, 917:, and served through a contentious 881: 24: 8940:Members of the 16th Iranian Majlis 8935:Members of the 14th Iranian Majlis 8830:Iranian expatriates in Switzerland 8647:Iran and state-sponsored terrorism 8509:Reza Pahlavi, Crown Prince of Iran 7717:Arab–Israeli alliance against Iran 7592:Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action 7499:Iran–United States Claims Tribunal 5196:, Columbia University Press,1997, 5182:, Cornell University Press, 1991, 5088: 4922:. Osprey Publishing. p. 449. 4528:. Vintage Books (published 2021). 4463:(Report). Office of the Historian. 4405:Labor unions and autocracy in Iran 4374:Labor unions and autocracy in Iran 3989:. Syracuse: Syracuse Univ. Press. 3842:. Associated Press. 20 August 2013 3513:(Report). Office of the Historian. 2957: 1995:In March 2000, Secretary of State 1423:Reinstatement and emergency powers 1092:Tehran School of Political Science 905:from 1951 to 1953, elected by the 25: 8971: 8930:Members of the 6th Iranian Majlis 8925:Members of the 5th Iranian Majlis 8332:Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps 8309:National Iranian American Council 8272:Rubin v. Islamic Republic of Iran 8231:Iran Nuclear Agreement Review Act 8072:August 2021 Gulf of Oman incident 7464:Embassy of Iran, Washington, D.C. 5381: 4801:The Young Turks (23 March 2016). 4232:"Mossadegh Gets 3-Year Jail Term" 4187:, Associated Press, 6 August 1954 3626: 3200:Security Council Official Records 2182:, a 2021 documentary, co-writers 2152:An independent video game called 2089:, General (and future President) 1970:Prime Minister Mosaddegh with US 1634:referendum to dissolve parliament 1557: 1230:Governments of Mohammad Mosaddegh 1108:Iranian Constitutional Revolution 8855:Iranian political party founders 8766: 8765: 8569:Iranian Guantanamo Bay detainees 7883:Disappearance of Robert Levinson 7754:Assassination of Qasem Soleimani 7744:Russia–Syria–Iran–Iraq coalition 7739:Iran–Saudi Arabia proxy conflict 7446: 7436: 5158:; Matringe, Denis; Nawas, John; 4824: 4809: 4785: 4777:Picard, Joe (29 February 2016). 4770: 4732: 4710: 4692: 4669: 4653:. 7 January 1951. Archived from 4567: 4542: 4501: 4426: 4395: 4364: 4296: 3818:McQuade, Joseph (27 July 2017). 2921:Kinzer, Stephen (October 2008). 2461:McQuade, Joseph (27 July 2017). 2027: 1051:(1879–1965), a granddaughter of 1003:Abdol-hossein Mirza Farman farma 890:[mohæmˈmæd(-e)mosædˈdeɢ] 843: 822: 489:Member of the Parliament of Iran 8607:Anti-American sentiment in Iran 8087:2023 Northeastern Syria clashes 8067:July 2021 Gulf of Oman incident 8010:June 2019 Gulf of Oman incident 7727:February 2019 Warsaw Conference 5262:, Yale University Press, 2003, 5229:, John Wiley & Sons, 2003, 4549:Sanchez, Raf (19 August 2013). 4268: 4263:Mossadegh – A Medical Biography 4256: 4223: 4211: 4198: 4181:"Statements on Iran Oil Accord" 4173: 4134: 4067: 4025: 3978: 3940: 3878: 3854: 3826: 3811: 3773: 3746: 3718: 3697: 3672: 3657: 3635: 3629:Twenty-year-old history of Iran 3620: 3517: 3360: 3324: 3230: 3207: 3187:United Nations Security Council 3180: 3167: 3154: 3105: 3032: 2914: 2896: 2887: 2843: 2779:Hassan Mohammadi Nejad (1970). 2772: 2698: 2612: 2587: 2348: 2339: 2246:Mirza Sayyed Mohammad Tabatabai 1695:(far right) Editor-in-Chief of 1301:United Nations Security Council 1032:, and a great-granddaughter of 749: 610:Unable to assume office in 1906 8905:University of Neuchâtel alumni 8206:Iran Sanctions Enhancement Act 8005:May 2019 Gulf of Oman incident 7990:Kidnapping of Hossein Alikhani 7650:United States support for Iraq 7494:Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs 5166:(3rd ed.). Brill Online. 4943:The life and times of the Shah 4206:University of California Press 3947:Risen, James (16 April 2000). 3762:, George Washington University 3734:, George Washington University 2652:"The 1953 Coup D'etat in Iran" 2550: 2480: 2454: 2429: 2400: 2368: 2326: 2293: 2261:Islamic fundamentalism in Iran 2137:A short 24-minute film titled 2042:format but may read better as 1138:to become the governor of the 13: 1: 8825:Iranian expatriates in France 8077:2021 U.S.–Iran naval incident 6322:indicate interim officeholder 5279:, I B Tauris & Co, 1991, 4974:. Syracuse University Press. 4707:. Retrieved 15 September 2020 4511:, Plume (1997), pp. 203, 204. 4031:Kinkead, Gwen (16 Dec 2010). 3985:Gasiorowski, Mark J. (2004). 3680:The Rise and Fall of the Shah 3451:Efimenco, N. Marbury (1955). 2650:Gasiorowski, Mark J. (1987). 2281: 1941:Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani 1609:the grandson of US President 1413:Ayatollah Abol-Ghasem Kashani 1310:Mosaddegh shaking hands with 8850:Iranian critics of religions 8201:Iran Freedom and Support Act 8186:Iran and Libya Sanctions Act 7920:Detention of American hikers 7844:1980 October Surprise theory 7443:Iran–United States relations 5137:. London: Croom Helm, 1986, 4866:Iran Between Two Revolutions 2436:Houchang E. Chehabi (1990). 2407:Bani-Jamali, Ahmad (2008). 2361: 1259:and political unrest by the 1128:Anglo-Persian Treaty of 1919 1062: 978:Consortium Agreement of 1954 712:Anti-Reorganization Democrat 166:Minister of National Defence 7: 8820:Iranian democracy activists 8810:20th-century Iranian people 8795:Commanders-in-chief of Iran 8322:United Against Nuclear Iran 7898:Kidnapping of Jalal Sharafi 5388:Mohammad Mosaddeq biography 4961:Cleveland, William (2008). 4748:Maz451 (12 February 2016). 2440:. I.B.Tauris. p. 113. 2209: 2115:Soraya Esfandiary Bakhtiari 1568:Tomb of the Unknown Soldier 1161:In 1925, the supporters of 1047:In 1901, Mosaddegh married 693:Ahmadabad-e Mosaddeq Castle 230:Minister of Foreign Affairs 10: 8976: 8945:Mostowfian Ashtiani family 8754:Not for the Faint of Heart 8729:Saint Peter Church, Tehran 8704:American School of Isfahan 8667:State Sponsor of Terrorism 8241:Dames & Moore v. Regan 8082:2022 Erbil missile attacks 7774:Operation Martyr Soleimani 7764:Thirteen revenge scenarios 7734:Iran–Israel proxy conflict 6626:Hungarian Freedom Fighters 6081:Interim Government of Iran 5544:National Movement fraction 5048:Frankel, Benjamin (1992). 4853: 4402:Ladjevardi, Habib (1985). 4371:Ladjevardi, Habib (1985). 3664:ben, cool (31 July 2015). 3040:"Centers of Power in Iran" 2594:Gasiorowski, Mark (1991). 2299:His surname is also spelt 2009: 1573: 1498: 1431:25 July 1952 issue of the 1390: 1235:Election to Prime Minister 1227: 1007:Malek Taj Najm-al-Saltaneh 838:Mohammad Mosaddegh's voice 795:Abdol-Hossein Farman Farma 706:Moderate Socialists' Party 8960:Defence ministers of Iran 8955:Foreign ministers of Iran 8875:National Front (Iran) MPs 8815:Finance ministers of Iran 8763: 8592:1998 FIFA World Cup match 8584: 8286: 8191:Iran Nonproliferation Act 8142:Maximum pressure campaign 8127: 8040:2021 Erbil rocket attacks 7789: 7637: 7517: 7456: 7146: 6912: 6577: 6567:The American Fighting-Man 6370: 6317: 6286: 6249: 6196: 6143: 6101: 6079: 5860: 5676: 5620: 5608: 5600: 5590: 5578: 5570: 5565: 5550: 5540: 5531: 5521: 5511: 5502: 5497: 5487: 5478: 5470: 5465: 5455: 5446: 5438: 5428: 5419: 5411: 5406: 5398:National Security Archive 5316:10.1017/S0020743800056737 5294:Mosaddegh va Coup de Etat 5123:. Encounter Books, 2009, 5102:. Editions Perrin, 2013. 4832:"Publications and Honors" 4524:Ghazvinian, John (2024). 3469:10.1017/S0022381600091076 3237:Jensen, James T. (1974). 2668:10.1017/S0020743800056737 2251:Seyyed Abdollah Behbahani 1912: 1880: 1842: 1826: 1807: 1794:Won but did not take seat 1789: 1742:Mossadegh was kept under 1513:Anglo-Persian Oil Company 1276:Anglo-Iranian Oil Company 1218:Anglo-Iranian Oil Company 1171:1906 Iranian constitution 1142:. He was later appointed 959:Anglo-Persian Oil Company 933:) and the United States ( 909:. He was a member of the 867: 830: 818: 806: 790: 767: 759: 733: 698: 688: 662: 634: 629: 625: 615: 602: 594: 584: 573: 563: 552: 544: 534: 523: 515: 505: 494: 487: 475: 465: 454: 443: 431: 421: 410: 403: 391: 379: 369: 358: 347: 337: 325: 313: 303: 292: 280: 268: 256: 246: 235: 228: 216: 204: 192: 182: 171: 164: 152: 140: 130: 119: 107: 95: 85: 74: 66: 62: 50: 41: 34: 8860:Leaders ousted by a coup 8845:Iranian social democrats 8709:Community School, Tehran 8469:Ezedin Abdel Aziz Khalil 8347:National Council of Iran 8342:Kingdom Assembly of Iran 8261:Bank Markazi v. Peterson 8020:2019 K-1 Air Base attack 7935:Strait of Hormuz dispute 7868:Beirut barracks bombings 7824:Operation Credible Sport 7700:Operation Praying Mantis 7540:1953 Iranian coup d'état 7284:: Dr. Jerry Brown / Dr. 6103:Islamic Republic of Iran 5555:Next known title holder: 5498:Party political offices 5362:Christopher de Bellaigue 5148:Katouzian, Homa (2020). 4869:. Princeton University. 4498:, Norton (2006), p. 124. 4304:"1. Iran (1905–present)" 3536:Chaudhri, A. T. (1954). 3175:Panjah Sal-e Naft-e Iran 2408: 2379: 2286: 2226:Muhammad Kazim Khurasani 1708:Shah's overthrow in 1979 1506:Plot to depose Mosaddegh 1387:Resignation and uprising 1090:Mosaddegh taught at the 945:was suppressed from the 42: 8950:Time Person of the Year 8890:Prime ministers of Iran 8885:Politicians from Tehran 8211:Kyl–Lieberman Amendment 7958:Nuclear program of Iran 7695:Operation Nimble Archer 7680:Operation Eager Glacier 6782:The Apollo 8 Astronauts 5663:Prime ministers of Iran 5350:. William Morrow, 2009 4916:Farrokh, Kaveh (2011). 4477:, HarperCollins, 2003, 3572:The Persian Land Reform 3457:The Journal of Politics 2051:converting this article 1961: 1917: 1146:, in the government of 1081:University of Neuchâtel 813:University of Neuchâtel 657:Sublime State of Persia 8734:Tehran American School 8617:CIA activities in Iran 8287:Groups and individuals 8266:Certain Iranian Assets 8256:United States v. Banki 7995:Arrest of Meng Wanzhou 7779:2020 Camp Taji attacks 7690:Operation Prime Chance 7685:Operation Earnest Will 7545:Abadan Crisis Timeline 6741:Martin Luther King Jr. 6135:Post abolished in 1989 5449:Prime Minister of Iran 5422:Prime Minister of Iran 5390:, Iran Chamber Society 5164:Encyclopaedia of Islam 4919:Iran at War: 1500–1988 4681:, IMDb, 5 October 2003 3204: 15 October 1951. 2173:, said similar things. 2019:Mosaddegh in the media 1975: 1959: 1927: 1735: 1702: 1653: 1571: 1495:Overthrow of Mosaddegh 1440: 1360: 1315: 1290: 1248: 1224:Prime Minister of Iran 1198:National Front of Iran 1102:Early political career 1017: 1009: 903:Prime Minister of Iran 683:Imperial State of Iran 69:Prime Minister of Iran 8652:Iranian frozen assets 8474:Shahrzad Mirgholikhan 8181:Executive Order 13876 8176:Executive Order 13780 8159:Executive Order 13769 8154:Executive Order 12172 8149:Executive Order 12170 8114:Tower 22 drone attack 7873:Khobar Towers bombing 7819:Guadeloupe Conference 7198:The Good Samaritans: 6495:Franklin D. Roosevelt 6435:Franklin D. Roosevelt 6419:Franklin D. Roosevelt 5348:The Tehran Conviction 5245:, Times Books, 2006, 5069:Elm, Mostafa (1994). 5027:Diba, Farhad (1986). 4702:Final Shooting Script 4439:The National Interest 4052:Kermit Roosevelt Jr. 3123:on 15 September 2004. 2266:Amnesty International 2241:Mirza Ali Aqa Tabrizi 1969: 1954: 1925: 1729: 1691: 1647: 1607:Kermit Roosevelt, Jr. 1565: 1430: 1393:1952 Iranian Uprising 1341: 1309: 1285: 1242: 1190:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 1015: 1000: 974:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 287:Mohammad-Ali Foroughi 275:Mohammad-Ali Foroughi 187:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 135:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 90:Mohammad Reza Pahlavi 8840:Iranian nationalists 8574:Abdul Majid Muhammed 8299:Iran–America Society 8045:2021 Natanz incident 8035:2020 Iran explosions 7829:Operation Eagle Claw 7791:Incidents after 1979 7602:Joint Plan of Action 7530:Persian Gulf Command 7315:The Silence Breakers 7182:The American Soldier 7163:The Whistleblowers: 7021:The Endangered Earth 6803:The Middle Americans 6757:William Westmoreland 6650:Dwight D. Eisenhower 6519:Dwight D. Eisenhower 6206:Mozaffar ad-Din Shah 6190:Iranian Armed Forces 5817:Fathollah Khan Akbar 5508:Organization founded 5151:"Muṣaddiq, Muḥammad" 5112:Abrahamian, Ervand, 4938:Afkhami, Gholam Reza 4875:10.2307/j.ctv1fkgcnz 4816:Project, Mossadegh. 4805:– via YouTube. 4752:– via YouTube. 4349:Encyclopædia Iranica 4056:(McGraw-Hill, 1979) 3245:(2 Spring 1974): 346 2927:Smithsonian Magazine 2923:"Inside Iran's Fury" 2271:Mosaddegh Foundation 2236:Abdallah Mazandarani 2231:Mirza Husayn Tehrani 2155:The Cat and the Coup 2091:Dwight D. Eisenhower 2075:Mosaddegh was named 1734:in Ahmadabad in 1965 1532:Dwight D. Eisenhower 1126:. In protest at the 1005:and mother Princess 939:Kermit Roosevelt Jr. 8622:Copyright relations 7953:2016 Naval incident 7809:Iran hostage crisis 7660:Iran Air Flight 655 7572:Island of Stability 7504:Iranian Directorate 7380:Volodymyr Zelenskyy 6364:Persons of the Year 6186:Commanders-in-Chief 4033:"Kermit Roosevelt." 2861:on 27 November 2004 2276:Mosaddegh Committee 1722:Post-overthrow life 1523:Secretary of State 1404:Veteran politician 1156:Azerbaijan Province 1124:Mostowfi ol-Mamalek 1120:Society of Humanity 1055:through her mother 1034:Fath-Ali Shah Qajar 923:17th Iranian Majlis 802:(great-grandfather) 519:30,738 (ranked 1st) 405:Minister of Finance 398:Amanullah Jahanbani 353:Azerbaijan Province 211:Mostafa Yazdanpanah 8900:Sciences Po alumni 8790:Mohammad Mosaddegh 8719:Iran Bethel School 8694:Alborz High School 8529:Abdolreza Shahlaei 8504:Sahar Nowrouzzadeh 8489:Mohammad Mosaddegh 8464:Amir Mirza Hekmati 8454:Mahmoud Reza Banki 8404:Erwin David Rabhan 8369:Howard Baskerville 8251:Oil Platforms case 8226:Public Law 113-100 7903:2008 Naval dispute 7804:Iranian Revolution 7670:Iran–Contra affair 7655:Bridgeton incident 6945:Ayatollah Khomeini 6610:John Foster Dulles 6277:Mohammad Reza Shah 6265:Mohammad Reza Shah 5802:Samsam al-Saltaneh 5742:Samsam al-Saltaneh 5716:Moshir al-Saltaneh 5701:Moshir al-Saltaneh 5491:Mohammad Reza Shah 5474:Mohammad Reza Shah 5407:Political offices 5178:Mark Gasiorowski, 5154:. In Fleet, Kate; 4893:Abrahamian, Ervand 4861:Abrahamian, Ervand 4678:Soraya (2003) (TV) 4657:on 11 January 2007 4625:The New York Times 4291:The New York Times 4265:by Ebrahim Norouzi 4237:The New York Times 4185:The New York Times 4099:The New York Times 3953:The New York Times 3935:The New York Times 3694:, p. 276-278. 3357:, p. 270-271. 3345:, p. 268-270. 3266:, p. 268-269. 3102:, p. 289-290. 2710:nsarchive2.gwu.edu 2566:The New York Times 2053:, if appropriate. 2003:The New York Times 1997:Madeleine Albright 1990:Ayatollah Khomeini 1985:Iranian Revolution 1976: 1933:Iranian Revolution 1928: 1736: 1703: 1654: 1615:The New York Times 1611:Theodore Roosevelt 1598:The New York Times 1585:John Foster Dulles 1582:Secretary of State 1572: 1441: 1361: 1316: 1312:Mohammad-Reza Shah 1253:Parliament of Iran 1249: 1077:doctorate en Droit 1053:Nasser al-Din Shah 1042:Nasser al-Din Shah 1018: 1010: 1001:Mosaddegh's uncle 965:), later known as 911:Iranian parliament 874:Mohammad Mosaddegh 775:Mirza Hedayatollah 343:Assadollah Ghadimi 36:Mohammad Mosaddegh 18:Mohammed Mossadegh 8835:Iranian governors 8777: 8776: 8479:Mohammad Hosseini 8374:William J. Fallon 8294:Iran Action Group 8109:2024 Erbil attack 7915:Project Cassandra 7675:Operation Staunch 7562:Project Dark Gene 7402: 7401: 7384:Spirit of Ukraine 7084:Pope John Paul II 7061:The Peacemakers: 7037:George H. W. Bush 7029:Mikhail Gorbachev 7013:Mikhail Gorbachev 6857:Susan Brownmiller 6773:Lyndon B. Johnson 6749:Lyndon B. Johnson 6658:U.S. Scientists: 6642:Charles de Gaulle 6634:Nikita Khrushchev 6586:Mohammed Mosaddeq 6559:Winston Churchill 6487:Winston Churchill 6379:Charles Lindbergh 6327: 6326: 6212:Mohammad Ali Shah 6152: 6151: 5711:Nezam as-Saltaneh 5630: 5629: 5621:Succeeded by 5604:Hassan Esfandiari 5591:Succeeded by 5522:Succeeded by 5488:Succeeded by 5466:Military offices 5456:Succeeded by 5429:Succeeded by 5374:978-1-84792-108-6 5366:Patriot of Persia 5356:978-0-06-118860-2 5129:978-1-59403-240-0 5054:. Gale Research. 4953:978-0-520-25328-5 4901:. The New Press. 4728:on 2 August 2012. 4722:clevelandfilm.org 4618:(16 April 2000). 4419:978-0-8156-2343-4 4388:978-0-8156-2343-4 3901:978-0-449-90933-1 3886:Halberstam, David 3568:Lambton, A. K. S. 2933:on 3 October 2008 2256:Ruhollah Khomeini 2192:Norman Darbyshire 2095:Douglas MacArthur 2072: 2071: 1910: 1909: 1755:Electoral history 1648:Tehran strongman 1566:Mosaddegh at the 1536:Winston Churchill 1369:Ervand Abrahamian 1257:Fada'iyan-e Islam 1186:Reza Shah Pahlavi 1073:Doctorate of Laws 1038:Khorasan province 982:western companies 967:British Petroleum 871: 870: 848: 332:Hassan Esfandiari 57:Mosaddegh in 1951 16:(Redirected from 8967: 8769: 8768: 8724:Iranzamin School 8714:Damavand College 8687:Alavi Foundation 8682:650 Fifth Avenue 8632:Dual containment 8627:Death to America 8539:Masoud Soleimani 8459:Haleh Esfandiari 8424:Michael R. White 8169:Trump travel ban 7973:Operation Merlin 7712:Yemeni Civil War 7707:Syrian civil war 7557:Exercise Delawar 7525:Persian Corridor 7457:Diplomatic posts 7451: 7450: 7441: 7440: 7429: 7422: 7415: 7406: 7405: 7395: 7387: 7375: 7367: 7355: 7347: 7345: 7318: 7310: 7302: 7294: 7292: 7276: 7268: 7260: 7252: 7244: 7236: 7228: 7220: 7212: 7210: 7193: 7185: 7177: 7175: 7158: 7155:Rudolph Giuliani 7139: 7131: 7123: 7111: 7103: 7095: 7087: 7079: 7077: 7056: 7048: 7040: 7032: 7024: 7016: 7008: 7000: 6992: 6984: 6972: 6964: 6956: 6948: 6940: 6932: 6924: 6905: 6903: 6889:Billie Jean King 6855:American Women: 6850: 6842: 6834: 6822: 6814: 6806: 6798: 6796: 6776: 6768: 6760: 6752: 6744: 6736: 6728: 6720: 6718: 6700:William Shockley 6676:Joshua Lederberg 6672:Donald A. Glaser 6653: 6645: 6637: 6629: 6621: 6613: 6605: 6597: 6589: 6570: 6562: 6554: 6546: 6538: 6530: 6522: 6514: 6506: 6498: 6490: 6482: 6474: 6466: 6454: 6446: 6438: 6430: 6422: 6414: 6406: 6398: 6390: 6382: 6354: 6347: 6340: 6331: 6330: 6288:Islamic Republic 6179: 6172: 6165: 6156: 6155: 6147: 6108: 6086: 5867: 5683: 5671: 5656: 5649: 5642: 5633: 5632: 5610:First deputy of 5601:Preceded by 5580:First deputy of 5571:Preceded by 5566:Honorary titles 5537:Fraction founded 5471:Preceded by 5459:Fazlollah Zahedi 5439:Preceded by 5412:Preceded by 5404: 5403: 5343: 5239:Stephen Kinzer, 5192:Mary Ann Heiss, 5175: 5153: 5097: 5084: 5065: 5044: 5023: 4999: 4985: 4966: 4957: 4933: 4912: 4888: 4847: 4846: 4844: 4842: 4828: 4822: 4821: 4813: 4807: 4806: 4789: 4783: 4782: 4774: 4768: 4767: 4761: 4753: 4736: 4730: 4729: 4724:. 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Archived from 2918: 2912: 2911: 2900: 2894: 2891: 2885: 2879: 2870: 2869: 2868: 2866: 2847: 2841: 2835: 2829: 2823: 2817: 2811: 2805: 2804: 2776: 2770: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2754: 2748: 2747: 2745: 2743: 2728: 2722: 2721: 2719: 2717: 2702: 2696: 2695: 2647: 2634: 2616: 2610: 2609: 2591: 2585: 2579: 2570: 2569: 2554: 2548: 2547: 2529: 2518: 2517: 2511: 2503: 2501: 2499: 2484: 2478: 2477: 2475: 2473: 2467:The Conversation 2458: 2452: 2451: 2433: 2427: 2426: 2404: 2398: 2397: 2372: 2355: 2352: 2346: 2343: 2337: 2330: 2324: 2297: 2143:Iranian American 2111: 2067: 2064: 2058: 2049:You can help by 2031: 2030: 2023: 1972:President Truman 1931:during the 1979 1795: 1759: 1758: 1730:Mossadegh under 1698:Towfigh Magazine 1662:Fazlollah Zahedi 1356:4 January 1952: 1352: 1206:Ahmad Zirakzadeh 1175:Ahmad Shah Qajar 1152:foreign minister 1144:finance minister 1094:at the start of 1057:Zi'a es-Saltaneh 964: 900: 899: 898: 892: 887: 883: 850: 849: 826: 781:Najm-ol-Saltaneh 753: 751: 675:Najmieh Hospital 672: 670: 648: 646: 630:Personal details 607: 578: 557: 528: 499: 478: 470:Ahmad Shah Qajar 459: 434: 426:Ahmad Shah Qajar 415: 394: 382: 374:Ahmad Shah Qajar 363: 340: 328: 316: 308:Ahmad Shah Qajar 297: 283: 271: 259: 251:Ahmad Shah Qajar 240: 223:Abdollah Hedayat 219: 207: 195: 176: 155: 143: 124: 114:Fazlollah Zahedi 110: 98: 79: 55: 45: 32: 31: 21: 8975: 8974: 8970: 8969: 8968: 8966: 8965: 8964: 8780: 8779: 8778: 8773: 8759: 8580: 8439:Saeid Aboutaleb 8419:Craig Wadsworth 8394:Stephen D. Mull 8384:Joseph Macmanus 8282: 8123: 7978:Charming Kitten 7940:RQ-170 incident 7908:Filipino Monkey 7854:Algiers Accords 7785: 7722:Abraham Accords 7633: 7627:U.S. withdrawal 7513: 7452: 7445: 7435: 7433: 7403: 7398: 7390: 7378: 7370: 7358: 7350: 7325:Jamal Khashoggi 7323:The Guardians: 7322: 7321: 7313: 7305: 7297: 7280: 7279: 7271: 7263: 7255: 7249:Mark Zuckerberg 7247: 7239: 7231: 7223: 7215: 7197: 7196: 7188: 7180: 7173:Sherron Watkins 7162: 7161: 7153: 7142: 7134: 7126: 7114: 7106: 7098: 7090: 7082: 7060: 7059: 7051: 7043: 7035: 7027: 7019: 7011: 7003: 6995: 6989:Peter Ueberroth 6987: 6975: 6967: 6959: 6951: 6943: 6935: 6927: 6919: 6908: 6861:Kathleen Byerly 6854: 6853: 6845: 6837: 6827:Henry Kissinger 6825: 6817: 6809: 6801: 6780: 6779: 6771: 6763: 6755: 6747: 6739: 6733:Pope John XXIII 6731: 6725:John F. Kennedy 6723: 6716:Robert Woodward 6712:James Van Allen 6657: 6656: 6648: 6640: 6632: 6624: 6616: 6608: 6602:Konrad Adenauer 6600: 6592: 6584: 6573: 6565: 6557: 6551:Harry S. Truman 6549: 6543:George Marshall 6541: 6535:James F. Byrnes 6533: 6527:Harry S. Truman 6525: 6517: 6511:George Marshall 6509: 6501: 6493: 6485: 6477: 6469: 6459:Chiang Kai-shek 6457: 6449: 6441: 6433: 6427:Hugh S. Johnson 6425: 6417: 6409: 6403:Mohandas Gandhi 6401: 6393: 6387:Walter Chrysler 6385: 6377: 6366: 6358: 6328: 6323: 6313: 6282: 6245: 6192: 6183: 6153: 6148: 6145: 6139: 6106: 6105: 6097: 6084: 6083: 6075: 5865: 5864: 5856: 5787:Ala ol-Saltaneh 5747:Ala ol-Saltaneh 5681: 5680: 5672: 5665: 5660: 5626: 5615: 5606: 5596: 5585: 5576: 5556: 5547: 5538: 5535: 5527: 5518: 5509: 5506: 5493: 5484: 5476: 5461: 5452: 5444: 5434: 5425: 5417: 5384: 5379: 5256:Nikki R. Keddie 5160:Rowson, Everett 5095: 5091: 5089:Further reading 5081: 5062: 5041: 5020: 5004:Kinzer, Stephen 4982: 4954: 4930: 4909: 4885: 4856: 4851: 4850: 4840: 4838: 4830: 4829: 4825: 4814: 4810: 4797:Wayback Machine 4790: 4786: 4775: 4771: 4755: 4754: 4744:Wayback Machine 4737: 4733: 4716: 4715: 4711: 4697: 4693: 4684: 4682: 4675: 4674: 4670: 4660: 4658: 4645: 4644: 4640: 4630: 4628: 4613: 4609: 4594: 4587: 4572: 4568: 4547: 4543: 4536: 4522: 4515: 4506: 4502: 4493: 4489: 4473:Noreena Hertz, 4472: 4468: 4453: 4446: 4431: 4427: 4420: 4400: 4396: 4389: 4369: 4365: 4355: 4353: 4336: 4323: 4313: 4311: 4302: 4301: 4297: 4285: 4281: 4273: 4269: 4261: 4257: 4251:Abrahamian 1982 4249: 4245: 4228: 4224: 4216: 4212: 4203: 4199: 4190: 4188: 4179: 4178: 4174: 4139: 4135: 4122: 4121: 4117: 4109: 4105: 4093: 4086: 4073: 4072: 4068: 4051: 4044: 4030: 4026: 4016: 4014: 4008: 4004: 3997: 3983: 3979: 3973:Abrahamian 1982 3971: 3967: 3957: 3955: 3945: 3941: 3929: 3925: 3913: 3909: 3902: 3883: 3879: 3870: 3868: 3859: 3855: 3845: 3843: 3832: 3831: 3827: 3816: 3812: 3808:, p. 157]. 3804: 3800: 3791: 3789: 3785: 3779: 3778: 3774: 3765: 3763: 3759: 3751: 3747: 3737: 3735: 3731: 3723: 3719: 3702: 3698: 3690: 3686: 3677: 3673: 3662: 3658: 3648: 3646: 3641: 3640: 3636: 3625: 3621: 3609: 3605: 3593: 3589: 3582: 3565: 3561: 3534: 3527: 3522: 3518: 3503: 3499: 3489: 3487: 3449: 3442: 3436:Abrahamian 1982 3434: 3427: 3419: 3415: 3407: 3400: 3394:Abrahamian 1982 3392: 3385: 3379:Abrahamian 1982 3377: 3373: 3365: 3361: 3355:Abrahamian 1982 3353: 3349: 3343:Abrahamian 1982 3341: 3337: 3329: 3325: 3317: 3313: 3305: 3301: 3289: 3285: 3279:Abrahamian 1982 3277: 3270: 3264:Abrahamian 1982 3262: 3258: 3248: 3246: 3235: 3231: 3222: 3220: 3212: 3208: 3191:Verbatim record 3185: 3181: 3172: 3168: 3159: 3155: 3149:Abrahamian 1982 3147: 3140: 3132: 3128: 3111: 3110: 3106: 3098: 3094: 3082: 3078: 3066: 3062: 3052: 3050: 3042: 3038: 3037: 3033: 3025: 3021: 3013: 3009: 2999: 2997: 2993: 2986: 2980: 2976: 2965: 2958: 2952:Abrahamian 2012 2950: 2946: 2936: 2934: 2919: 2915: 2902: 2901: 2897: 2892: 2888: 2880: 2873: 2864: 2862: 2849: 2848: 2844: 2836: 2832: 2824: 2820: 2812: 2808: 2793: 2777: 2773: 2763: 2761: 2756: 2755: 2751: 2741: 2739: 2729: 2725: 2715: 2713: 2704: 2703: 2699: 2648: 2637: 2617: 2613: 2606: 2592: 2588: 2580: 2573: 2555: 2551: 2544: 2530: 2521: 2505: 2504: 2497: 2495: 2485: 2481: 2471: 2469: 2459: 2455: 2448: 2434: 2430: 2423: 2410: 2405: 2401: 2394: 2381: 2373: 2369: 2364: 2359: 2358: 2353: 2349: 2344: 2340: 2331: 2327: 2298: 2294: 2289: 2284: 2212: 2196:Princess Ashraf 2171:Martin O'Malley 2119:Claude Brasseur 2105: 2077:man of the year 2068: 2062: 2059: 2048: 2032: 2028: 2021: 2012: 2000:the same year, 1964: 1920: 1915: 1793: 1757: 1724: 1693:Hossein Towfigh 1580:In March 1953, 1578: 1560: 1508: 1503: 1497: 1485:Mozzafar Baghai 1433:Tehran Mosavvar 1425: 1395: 1389: 1355: 1346: 1344:Tehran Mosavvar 1237: 1232: 1226: 1179:Pahlavi dynasty 1104: 1065: 1016:Young Mosaddegh 995: 894: 893: 885: 863: 862: 861: 860: 859: 858: 851: 844: 841: 839: 798: 786: 755: 747: 743: 740: 729: 699:Political party 673: 668: 666: 650: 644: 642: 641: 640: 620:Isfahan Hasnain 608: 603: 579: 574: 558: 553: 529: 524: 500: 495: 476: 460: 455: 432: 416: 411: 392: 380: 364: 359: 338: 326: 314: 298: 293: 281: 269: 257: 241: 236: 217: 205: 193: 177: 172: 153: 141: 125: 120: 108: 96: 80: 75: 58: 46: 43: 37: 28: 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 8973: 8963: 8962: 8957: 8952: 8947: 8942: 8937: 8932: 8927: 8922: 8917: 8912: 8907: 8902: 8897: 8892: 8887: 8882: 8877: 8872: 8867: 8862: 8857: 8852: 8847: 8842: 8837: 8832: 8827: 8822: 8817: 8812: 8807: 8802: 8797: 8792: 8775: 8774: 8764: 8761: 8760: 8758: 8757: 8750: 8743: 8736: 8731: 8726: 8721: 8716: 8711: 8706: 8701: 8696: 8691: 8690: 8689: 8679: 8674: 8669: 8664: 8659: 8654: 8649: 8644: 8639: 8634: 8629: 8624: 8619: 8614: 8609: 8604: 8602:American Islam 8599: 8594: 8588: 8586: 8582: 8581: 8579: 8578: 8577: 8576: 8566: 8561: 8556: 8554:Karan Vafadari 8551: 8549:Kian Tajbakhsh 8546: 8541: 8536: 8531: 8526: 8521: 8516: 8511: 8506: 8501: 8496: 8491: 8486: 8481: 8476: 8471: 8466: 8461: 8456: 8451: 8446: 8441: 8436: 8431: 8426: 8421: 8416: 8411: 8406: 8401: 8396: 8391: 8386: 8381: 8376: 8371: 8366: 8364:Elliott Abrams 8361: 8360: 8359: 8349: 8344: 8339: 8334: 8329: 8324: 8319: 8316: 8311: 8306: 8301: 8296: 8290: 8288: 8284: 8283: 8281: 8280: 8275: 8268: 8263: 8258: 8253: 8248: 8243: 8238: 8233: 8228: 8223: 8218: 8213: 8208: 8203: 8198: 8193: 8188: 8183: 8178: 8173: 8172: 8171: 8166: 8156: 8151: 8146: 8145: 8144: 8133: 8131: 8125: 8124: 8122: 8121: 8116: 8111: 8106: 8101: 8089: 8084: 8079: 8074: 8069: 8064: 8059: 8054: 8053: 8052: 8042: 8037: 8032: 8027: 8022: 8017: 8012: 8007: 8002: 7997: 7992: 7987: 7986: 7985: 7980: 7975: 7970: 7965: 7955: 7950: 7942: 7937: 7932: 7927: 7922: 7917: 7912: 7911: 7910: 7900: 7895: 7890: 7885: 7880: 7875: 7870: 7865: 7864: 7863: 7856: 7851: 7846: 7841: 7836: 7834:Canadian Caper 7831: 7826: 7821: 7816: 7806: 7801: 7795: 7793: 7787: 7786: 7784: 7783: 7782: 7781: 7776: 7771: 7766: 7761: 7751: 7746: 7741: 7736: 7731: 7730: 7729: 7724: 7714: 7709: 7704: 7703: 7702: 7697: 7692: 7687: 7682: 7677: 7672: 7667: 7662: 7657: 7652: 7641: 7639: 7635: 7634: 7632: 7631: 7630: 7629: 7624: 7619: 7614: 7609: 7604: 7599: 7589: 7584: 7579: 7574: 7569: 7564: 7559: 7554: 7549: 7548: 7547: 7537: 7532: 7527: 7521: 7519: 7515: 7514: 7512: 7511: 7506: 7501: 7496: 7491: 7486: 7481: 7476: 7471: 7466: 7460: 7458: 7454: 7453: 7432: 7431: 7424: 7417: 7409: 7400: 7399: 7397: 7396: 7388: 7376: 7368: 7356: 7352:Greta Thunberg 7348: 7319: 7311: 7303: 7295: 7282:Ebola Fighters 7277: 7269: 7261: 7253: 7245: 7237: 7229: 7225:Vladimir Putin 7221: 7213: 7194: 7190:George W. Bush 7186: 7178: 7165:Cynthia Cooper 7159: 7150: 7148: 7144: 7143: 7141: 7140: 7136:George W. Bush 7132: 7124: 7112: 7104: 7096: 7088: 7080: 7071:Nelson Mandela 7067:F. W. de Klerk 7057: 7049: 7041: 7033: 7025: 7017: 7009: 7005:Corazon Aquino 7001: 6993: 6985: 6973: 6965: 6957: 6949: 6941: 6933: 6925: 6916: 6914: 6910: 6909: 6907: 6906: 6885:Barbara Jordan 6851: 6843: 6835: 6823: 6815: 6807: 6799: 6786:William Anders 6777: 6769: 6761: 6753: 6745: 6737: 6729: 6721: 6708:Charles Townes 6688:Edward Purcell 6664:Charles Draper 6654: 6646: 6638: 6630: 6622: 6618:Harlow Curtice 6614: 6606: 6598: 6590: 6581: 6579: 6575: 6574: 6572: 6571: 6563: 6555: 6547: 6539: 6531: 6523: 6515: 6507: 6499: 6491: 6483: 6475: 6467: 6463:Soong Mei-ling 6455: 6451:Wallis Simpson 6447: 6443:Haile Selassie 6439: 6431: 6423: 6415: 6407: 6399: 6391: 6383: 6374: 6372: 6368: 6367: 6357: 6356: 6349: 6342: 6334: 6325: 6324: 6318: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6311: 6310:(1989–present) 6305: 6299: 6292: 6290: 6284: 6283: 6281: 6280: 6274: 6268: 6262: 6255: 6253: 6247: 6246: 6244: 6243: 6237: 6231: 6227:Abolqasem Khan 6223: 6215: 6209: 6202: 6200: 6194: 6193: 6182: 6181: 6174: 6167: 6159: 6150: 6149: 6144: 6141: 6140: 6138: 6137: 6132: 6127: 6122: 6117: 6111: 6109: 6099: 6098: 6096: 6095: 6089: 6087: 6077: 6076: 6074: 6073: 6068: 6063: 6058: 6053: 6048: 6043: 6038: 6033: 6028: 6023: 6018: 6013: 6008: 6003: 5998: 5993: 5987: 5982: 5977: 5972: 5967: 5962: 5957: 5952: 5947: 5942: 5937: 5932: 5927: 5922: 5917: 5912: 5907: 5902: 5897: 5892: 5887: 5882: 5877: 5870: 5868: 5858: 5857: 5855: 5854: 5849: 5844: 5839: 5834: 5829: 5824: 5819: 5814: 5809: 5804: 5799: 5794: 5789: 5784: 5779: 5774: 5769: 5764: 5759: 5754: 5749: 5744: 5739: 5734: 5729: 5724: 5721:Sa'd al-Dowleh 5718: 5713: 5708: 5703: 5698: 5693: 5686: 5684: 5674: 5673: 5659: 5658: 5651: 5644: 5636: 5628: 5627: 5622: 5619: 5607: 5602: 5598: 5597: 5592: 5589: 5577: 5572: 5568: 5567: 5563: 5562: 5554: 5549: 5539: 5536: 5529: 5528: 5525:Allahyar Saleh 5523: 5520: 5515:National Front 5513:Leader of the 5510: 5507: 5500: 5499: 5495: 5494: 5489: 5486: 5477: 5472: 5468: 5467: 5463: 5462: 5457: 5454: 5445: 5440: 5436: 5435: 5430: 5427: 5418: 5413: 5409: 5408: 5402: 5401: 5400:, 22 June 2004 5391: 5383: 5382:External links 5380: 5378: 5377: 5359: 5344: 5297: 5287: 5273:Homa Katouzian 5270: 5253: 5237: 5221:Stephen Kinzer 5218: 5204: 5190: 5176: 5156:Krämer, Gudrun 5145: 5131: 5117: 5110: 5108:978-2262035877 5092: 5090: 5087: 5086: 5085: 5079: 5066: 5060: 5045: 5039: 5033:. Croom Helm. 5024: 5019:978-0471265177 5018: 5000: 4986: 4980: 4967: 4958: 4952: 4934: 4929:978-1780962214 4928: 4913: 4907: 4889: 4883: 4855: 4852: 4849: 4848: 4836:hafizsahar.com 4823: 4808: 4784: 4769: 4731: 4709: 4691: 4668: 4638: 4607: 4585: 4580:Foreign Policy 4566: 4541: 4535:978-0307271815 4534: 4513: 4500: 4487: 4466: 4444: 4425: 4418: 4394: 4387: 4363: 4321: 4295: 4279: 4267: 4255: 4253:, p. 280. 4243: 4222: 4210: 4197: 4172: 4151:10.2307/466342 4133: 4115: 4113:, p. 449. 4103: 4084: 4066: 4042: 4024: 4002: 3996:978-0815630180 3995: 3977: 3975:, p. 274. 3965: 3939: 3923: 3907: 3900: 3877: 3853: 3825: 3810: 3798: 3772: 3745: 3717: 3696: 3684: 3678:Saikal, Amin, 3671: 3656: 3634: 3619: 3603: 3587: 3580: 3559: 3525: 3516: 3497: 3463:(3): 398–399. 3440: 3438:, p. 273. 3425: 3423:, p. 141. 3413: 3411:, p. 108. 3398: 3396:, p. 272. 3383: 3381:, p. 271. 3371: 3359: 3347: 3335: 3331:Cleveland 2008 3323: 3321:, p. 102. 3311: 3309:, p. 101. 3299: 3283: 3281:, p. 269. 3268: 3256: 3229: 3206: 3179: 3166: 3160:Alan W. Ford, 3153: 3151:, p. 268. 3138: 3136:, p. 291. 3134:Cleveland 2008 3126: 3117:www.atimes.com 3104: 3100:Cleveland 2008 3092: 3076: 3060: 3031: 3019: 3017:, p. 297. 3007: 2974: 2956: 2944: 2913: 2895: 2886: 2884:, p. 273. 2871: 2842: 2830: 2828:, p. 110. 2818: 2806: 2791: 2771: 2749: 2723: 2697: 2662:(3): 261–286. 2635: 2611: 2604: 2586: 2571: 2549: 2542: 2519: 2493:Foreign Policy 2479: 2453: 2447:978-1850431985 2446: 2428: 2422:978-9643129705 2421: 2399: 2393:978-1595842268 2392: 2366: 2365: 2363: 2360: 2357: 2356: 2347: 2338: 2325: 2291: 2290: 2288: 2285: 2283: 2280: 2279: 2278: 2273: 2268: 2263: 2258: 2253: 2248: 2243: 2238: 2233: 2228: 2223: 2218: 2211: 2208: 2207: 2206: 2199: 2174: 2167:Bernie Sanders 2159: 2150: 2135: 2132:Titus Welliver 2122: 2098: 2070: 2069: 2035: 2033: 2026: 2020: 2017: 2011: 2008: 1963: 1960: 1919: 1916: 1914: 1911: 1908: 1907: 1904: 1901: 1898: 1895: 1890: 1886: 1885: 1882: 1879: 1874: 1870: 1869: 1866: 1863: 1860: 1857: 1852: 1848: 1847: 1844: 1841: 1836: 1832: 1831: 1828: 1825: 1820: 1816: 1815: 1812: 1809: 1806: 1801: 1797: 1796: 1791: 1788: 1783: 1779: 1778: 1775: 1772: 1769: 1766: 1763: 1756: 1753: 1723: 1720: 1716:Hossein Fatemi 1559: 1558:Operation Ajax 1556: 1507: 1504: 1501:1953 Iran coup 1499:Main article: 1496: 1493: 1458:Ashraf Pahlavi 1424: 1421: 1388: 1385: 1377:C.M. Woodhouse 1373:Stephen Kinzer 1261:National Front 1245:Prime minister 1236: 1233: 1225: 1222: 1202:Hossein Fatemi 1116:Majlis of Iran 1103: 1100: 1064: 1061: 994: 991: 943:National Front 927:1953 Iran coup 869: 868: 865: 864: 853: 852: 842: 837: 835: 834: 833: 832: 831: 828: 827: 820: 816: 815: 810: 804: 803: 792: 788: 787: 785: 784: 778: 771: 769: 765: 764: 761: 757: 756: 745: 741: 738: 737: 735: 731: 730: 728: 727: 724:National Front 721: 715: 709: 702: 700: 696: 695: 690: 686: 685: 671:(aged 84) 664: 660: 659: 638: 636: 632: 631: 627: 626: 623: 622: 617: 613: 612: 600: 599: 596: 592: 591: 586: 582: 581: 571: 570: 565: 561: 560: 550: 549: 546: 542: 541: 536: 532: 531: 521: 520: 517: 513: 512: 507: 503: 502: 492: 491: 485: 484: 479: 477:Prime Minister 473: 472: 467: 463: 462: 452: 451: 441: 440: 435: 433:Prime Minister 429: 428: 423: 419: 418: 408: 407: 401: 400: 395: 389: 388: 383: 381:Prime Minister 377: 376: 371: 367: 366: 356: 355: 345: 344: 341: 335: 334: 329: 323: 322: 317: 315:Prime Minister 311: 310: 305: 301: 300: 290: 289: 284: 278: 277: 272: 266: 265: 260: 258:Prime Minister 254: 253: 248: 244: 243: 233: 232: 226: 225: 220: 214: 213: 208: 202: 201: 196: 194:Prime Minister 190: 189: 184: 180: 179: 169: 168: 162: 161: 156: 150: 149: 144: 138: 137: 132: 128: 127: 117: 116: 111: 105: 104: 99: 93: 92: 87: 83: 82: 72: 71: 64: 63: 60: 59: 56: 48: 47: 39: 38: 35: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 8972: 8961: 8958: 8956: 8953: 8951: 8948: 8946: 8943: 8941: 8938: 8936: 8933: 8931: 8928: 8926: 8923: 8921: 8918: 8916: 8913: 8911: 8908: 8906: 8903: 8901: 8898: 8896: 8895:Qajar dynasty 8893: 8891: 8888: 8886: 8883: 8881: 8878: 8876: 8873: 8871: 8868: 8866: 8863: 8861: 8858: 8856: 8853: 8851: 8848: 8846: 8843: 8841: 8838: 8836: 8833: 8831: 8828: 8826: 8823: 8821: 8818: 8816: 8813: 8811: 8808: 8806: 8803: 8801: 8798: 8796: 8793: 8791: 8788: 8787: 8785: 8772: 8762: 8756: 8755: 8751: 8749: 8748: 8744: 8741: 8737: 8735: 8732: 8730: 8727: 8725: 8722: 8720: 8717: 8715: 8712: 8710: 8707: 8705: 8702: 8700: 8697: 8695: 8692: 8688: 8685: 8684: 8683: 8680: 8678: 8675: 8673: 8670: 8668: 8665: 8663: 8660: 8658: 8655: 8653: 8650: 8648: 8645: 8643: 8640: 8638: 8635: 8633: 8630: 8628: 8625: 8623: 8620: 8618: 8615: 8613: 8610: 8608: 8605: 8603: 8600: 8598: 8595: 8593: 8590: 8589: 8587: 8583: 8575: 8572: 8571: 8570: 8567: 8565: 8562: 8560: 8557: 8555: 8552: 8550: 8547: 8545: 8542: 8540: 8537: 8535: 8532: 8530: 8527: 8525: 8524:Maryam Rajavi 8522: 8520: 8517: 8515: 8512: 8510: 8507: 8505: 8502: 8500: 8499:Siamak Namazi 8497: 8495: 8494:Baquer Namazi 8492: 8490: 8487: 8485: 8482: 8480: 8477: 8475: 8472: 8470: 8467: 8465: 8462: 8460: 8457: 8455: 8452: 8450: 8449:Sirous Asgari 8447: 8445: 8444:Shahram Amiri 8442: 8440: 8437: 8435: 8434:Saeed Abedini 8432: 8430: 8429:Roxana Saberi 8427: 8425: 8422: 8420: 8417: 8415: 8412: 8410: 8409:Jason Rezaian 8407: 8405: 8402: 8400: 8397: 8395: 8392: 8390: 8389:Robert Malley 8387: 8385: 8382: 8380: 8377: 8375: 8372: 8370: 8367: 8365: 8362: 8358: 8355: 8354: 8353: 8350: 8348: 8345: 8343: 8340: 8338: 8335: 8333: 8330: 8328: 8325: 8323: 8320: 8317: 8315: 8312: 8310: 8307: 8305: 8302: 8300: 8297: 8295: 8292: 8291: 8289: 8285: 8279: 8276: 8274: 8273: 8269: 8267: 8264: 8262: 8259: 8257: 8254: 8252: 8249: 8247: 8244: 8242: 8239: 8237: 8234: 8232: 8229: 8227: 8224: 8222: 8219: 8217: 8214: 8212: 8209: 8207: 8204: 8202: 8199: 8197: 8194: 8192: 8189: 8187: 8184: 8182: 8179: 8177: 8174: 8170: 8167: 8165: 8162: 8161: 8160: 8157: 8155: 8152: 8150: 8147: 8143: 8140: 8139: 8138: 8135: 8134: 8132: 8130: 8126: 8120: 8117: 8115: 8112: 8110: 8107: 8105: 8102: 8100: 8099: 8095: 8090: 8088: 8085: 8083: 8080: 8078: 8075: 8073: 8070: 8068: 8065: 8063: 8060: 8058: 8055: 8051: 8048: 8047: 8046: 8043: 8041: 8038: 8036: 8033: 8031: 8028: 8026: 8023: 8021: 8018: 8016: 8013: 8011: 8008: 8006: 8003: 8001: 7998: 7996: 7993: 7991: 7988: 7984: 7981: 7979: 7976: 7974: 7971: 7969: 7966: 7964: 7961: 7960: 7959: 7956: 7954: 7951: 7949: 7948: 7947:Maersk Tigris 7943: 7941: 7938: 7936: 7933: 7931: 7928: 7926: 7923: 7921: 7918: 7916: 7913: 7909: 7906: 7905: 7904: 7901: 7899: 7896: 7894: 7891: 7889: 7886: 7884: 7881: 7879: 7876: 7874: 7871: 7869: 7866: 7862: 7861: 7857: 7855: 7852: 7850: 7847: 7845: 7842: 7840: 7837: 7835: 7832: 7830: 7827: 7825: 7822: 7820: 7817: 7815: 7812: 7811: 7810: 7807: 7805: 7802: 7800: 7797: 7796: 7794: 7792: 7788: 7780: 7777: 7775: 7772: 7770: 7767: 7765: 7762: 7760: 7757: 7756: 7755: 7752: 7750: 7747: 7745: 7742: 7740: 7737: 7735: 7732: 7728: 7725: 7723: 7720: 7719: 7718: 7715: 7713: 7710: 7708: 7705: 7701: 7698: 7696: 7693: 7691: 7688: 7686: 7683: 7681: 7678: 7676: 7673: 7671: 7668: 7666: 7663: 7661: 7658: 7656: 7653: 7651: 7648: 7647: 7646: 7645:Iran–Iraq War 7643: 7642: 7640: 7636: 7628: 7625: 7623: 7620: 7618: 7615: 7613: 7610: 7608: 7605: 7603: 7600: 7598: 7595: 7594: 7593: 7590: 7588: 7585: 7583: 7580: 7578: 7575: 7573: 7570: 7568: 7565: 7563: 7560: 7558: 7555: 7553: 7550: 7546: 7543: 7542: 7541: 7538: 7536: 7533: 7531: 7528: 7526: 7523: 7522: 7520: 7516: 7510: 7507: 7505: 7502: 7500: 7497: 7495: 7492: 7490: 7487: 7485: 7482: 7480: 7477: 7475: 7472: 7470: 7467: 7465: 7462: 7461: 7459: 7455: 7449: 7444: 7439: 7430: 7425: 7423: 7418: 7416: 7411: 7410: 7407: 7393: 7389: 7385: 7381: 7377: 7373: 7369: 7365: 7364:Kamala Harris 7361: 7357: 7353: 7349: 7344: 7343: 7338: 7334: 7330: 7326: 7320: 7316: 7312: 7308: 7304: 7300: 7299:Angela Merkel 7296: 7291: 7290:Salome Karwah 7287: 7283: 7278: 7274: 7270: 7266: 7262: 7258: 7257:The Protester 7254: 7250: 7246: 7242: 7238: 7234: 7230: 7226: 7222: 7218: 7214: 7209: 7208:Melinda Gates 7205: 7201: 7195: 7191: 7187: 7183: 7179: 7174: 7170: 7169:Coleen Rowley 7166: 7160: 7156: 7152: 7151: 7149: 7145: 7137: 7133: 7129: 7125: 7121: 7117: 7113: 7109: 7105: 7101: 7097: 7093: 7092:Newt Gingrich 7089: 7085: 7081: 7076: 7075:Yitzhak Rabin 7072: 7068: 7064: 7063:Yasser Arafat 7058: 7054: 7050: 7046: 7042: 7038: 7034: 7030: 7026: 7022: 7018: 7014: 7010: 7006: 7002: 6998: 6997:Deng Xiaoping 6994: 6990: 6986: 6982: 6981:Yuri Andropov 6978: 6977:Ronald Reagan 6974: 6970: 6966: 6962: 6958: 6954: 6953:Ronald Reagan 6950: 6946: 6942: 6938: 6937:Deng Xiaoping 6934: 6930: 6926: 6922: 6918: 6917: 6915: 6911: 6902: 6898: 6894: 6890: 6886: 6882: 6878: 6874: 6870: 6866: 6862: 6858: 6852: 6848: 6844: 6840: 6836: 6832: 6831:Richard Nixon 6828: 6824: 6820: 6819:Richard Nixon 6816: 6812: 6808: 6804: 6800: 6795: 6791: 6787: 6783: 6778: 6774: 6770: 6766: 6762: 6758: 6754: 6750: 6746: 6742: 6738: 6734: 6730: 6726: 6722: 6717: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6704:Edward Teller 6701: 6697: 6693: 6689: 6685: 6684:Linus Pauling 6681: 6680:Willard Libby 6677: 6673: 6669: 6665: 6661: 6660:George Beadle 6655: 6651: 6647: 6643: 6639: 6635: 6631: 6627: 6623: 6619: 6615: 6611: 6607: 6603: 6599: 6595: 6594:Elizabeth II 6591: 6587: 6583: 6582: 6580: 6576: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6544: 6540: 6536: 6532: 6528: 6524: 6520: 6516: 6512: 6508: 6504: 6503:Joseph Stalin 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6479:Joseph Stalin 6476: 6472: 6468: 6464: 6460: 6456: 6452: 6448: 6444: 6440: 6436: 6432: 6428: 6424: 6420: 6416: 6412: 6408: 6404: 6400: 6396: 6395:Owen D. Young 6392: 6388: 6384: 6380: 6376: 6375: 6373: 6369: 6365: 6363: 6355: 6350: 6348: 6343: 6341: 6336: 6335: 6332: 6321: 6316: 6309: 6306: 6303: 6300: 6297: 6294: 6293: 6291: 6289: 6285: 6278: 6275: 6272: 6269: 6266: 6263: 6260: 6257: 6256: 6254: 6252: 6248: 6241: 6238: 6235: 6232: 6229: 6228: 6224: 6221: 6220: 6216: 6213: 6210: 6207: 6204: 6203: 6201: 6199: 6195: 6191: 6187: 6180: 6175: 6173: 6168: 6166: 6161: 6160: 6157: 6142: 6136: 6133: 6131: 6128: 6126: 6123: 6121: 6118: 6116: 6113: 6112: 6110: 6104: 6100: 6094: 6091: 6090: 6088: 6082: 6078: 6072: 6069: 6067: 6064: 6062: 6059: 6057: 6054: 6052: 6049: 6047: 6044: 6042: 6039: 6037: 6034: 6032: 6029: 6027: 6024: 6022: 6019: 6017: 6014: 6012: 6009: 6007: 6004: 6002: 5999: 5997: 5994: 5991: 5988: 5986: 5983: 5981: 5978: 5976: 5973: 5971: 5968: 5966: 5963: 5961: 5958: 5956: 5953: 5951: 5948: 5946: 5943: 5941: 5938: 5936: 5933: 5931: 5928: 5926: 5923: 5921: 5918: 5916: 5913: 5911: 5908: 5906: 5903: 5901: 5900:Matin-Daftari 5898: 5896: 5893: 5891: 5888: 5886: 5883: 5881: 5878: 5875: 5872: 5871: 5869: 5863: 5859: 5853: 5850: 5848: 5845: 5843: 5840: 5838: 5835: 5833: 5830: 5828: 5825: 5823: 5820: 5818: 5815: 5813: 5810: 5808: 5805: 5803: 5800: 5798: 5795: 5793: 5792:Eyn-ed-Dowleh 5790: 5788: 5785: 5783: 5780: 5778: 5775: 5773: 5770: 5768: 5765: 5763: 5762:Eyn-ed-Dowleh 5760: 5758: 5755: 5753: 5750: 5748: 5745: 5743: 5740: 5738: 5735: 5733: 5730: 5728: 5725: 5722: 5719: 5717: 5714: 5712: 5709: 5707: 5706:Naser ol-Molk 5704: 5702: 5699: 5697: 5694: 5691: 5688: 5687: 5685: 5679: 5675: 5669: 5664: 5657: 5652: 5650: 5645: 5643: 5638: 5637: 5634: 5625: 5618: 5614: 5613: 5605: 5599: 5595: 5594:Hossein Makki 5588: 5584: 5583: 5575: 5569: 5564: 5561: 5560: 5553: 5546: 5545: 5534: 5530: 5526: 5517: 5516: 5505: 5501: 5496: 5492: 5483: 5482: 5475: 5469: 5464: 5460: 5451: 5450: 5443: 5437: 5433: 5424: 5423: 5416: 5410: 5405: 5399: 5395: 5392: 5389: 5386: 5385: 5375: 5371: 5367: 5363: 5360: 5357: 5353: 5349: 5345: 5341: 5337: 5333: 5329: 5325: 5321: 5317: 5313: 5310:(3): 261–86. 5309: 5305: 5304: 5298: 5295: 5291: 5288: 5286: 5285:1-85043-210-4 5282: 5278: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5268:0-300-09856-1 5265: 5261: 5257: 5254: 5252: 5251:0-8050-7861-4 5248: 5244: 5243: 5238: 5236: 5235:0-471-26517-9 5232: 5228: 5227: 5222: 5219: 5217: 5216:0-307-33974-2 5213: 5209: 5205: 5203: 5202:0-231-10819-2 5199: 5195: 5191: 5189: 5188:0-8014-2412-7 5185: 5181: 5177: 5173: 5169: 5165: 5161: 5157: 5152: 5146: 5144: 5143:0-7099-4517-5 5140: 5136: 5133:Farhad Diba, 5132: 5130: 5126: 5122: 5119:Amir Taheri, 5118: 5115: 5111: 5109: 5105: 5101: 5094: 5093: 5082: 5080:0-8156-2642-8 5076: 5072: 5067: 5063: 5061:9780810389281 5057: 5053: 5052: 5046: 5042: 5040:9780709945178 5036: 5032: 5031: 5025: 5021: 5015: 5011: 5010: 5005: 5001: 4997: 4996: 4991: 4987: 4983: 4981:9780815635123 4977: 4973: 4968: 4964: 4959: 4955: 4949: 4945: 4944: 4939: 4935: 4931: 4925: 4921: 4920: 4914: 4910: 4908:9781620970867 4904: 4900: 4899: 4894: 4890: 4886: 4884:9780691101347 4880: 4876: 4872: 4868: 4867: 4862: 4858: 4857: 4837: 4833: 4827: 4819: 4812: 4804: 4798: 4794: 4788: 4780: 4773: 4765: 4759: 4751: 4745: 4741: 4735: 4727: 4723: 4719: 4713: 4706: 4703: 4701: 4695: 4680: 4679: 4672: 4656: 4652: 4648: 4642: 4627: 4626: 4621: 4617: 4611: 4603: 4599: 4592: 4590: 4581: 4577: 4570: 4562: 4558: 4557:The telegraph 4553: 4545: 4537: 4531: 4527: 4520: 4518: 4510: 4504: 4497: 4491: 4484: 4483:0-06-055973-X 4480: 4476: 4470: 4462: 4458: 4451: 4449: 4440: 4436: 4429: 4421: 4415: 4411: 4407: 4406: 4398: 4390: 4384: 4380: 4376: 4375: 4367: 4351: 4350: 4345: 4341: 4334: 4332: 4330: 4328: 4326: 4309: 4305: 4299: 4292: 4288: 4283: 4276: 4271: 4264: 4259: 4252: 4247: 4239: 4238: 4233: 4226: 4219: 4214: 4207: 4201: 4186: 4182: 4176: 4168: 4164: 4160: 4156: 4152: 4148: 4144: 4137: 4129: 4125: 4119: 4112: 4107: 4100: 4096: 4091: 4089: 4080: 4079:pahlavani.com 4076: 4070: 4063: 4062:0-07-053590-6 4059: 4055: 4049: 4047: 4039: 4038: 4034: 4028: 4013: 4006: 3998: 3992: 3988: 3981: 3974: 3969: 3954: 3950: 3943: 3936: 3932: 3927: 3920: 3916: 3911: 3903: 3897: 3893: 3892: 3887: 3881: 3866: 3865: 3857: 3841: 3840: 3835: 3829: 3821: 3814: 3807: 3802: 3784: 3783: 3776: 3758: 3757: 3749: 3730: 3729: 3721: 3714: 3713:0-8156-3018-2 3710: 3706: 3700: 3693: 3688: 3681: 3675: 3667: 3660: 3644: 3638: 3630: 3623: 3616: 3612: 3607: 3600: 3596: 3591: 3583: 3577: 3573: 3569: 3563: 3555: 3551: 3547: 3543: 3539: 3532: 3530: 3520: 3512: 3508: 3501: 3486: 3482: 3478: 3474: 3470: 3466: 3462: 3458: 3454: 3447: 3445: 3437: 3432: 3430: 3422: 3417: 3410: 3405: 3403: 3395: 3390: 3388: 3380: 3375: 3368: 3363: 3356: 3351: 3344: 3339: 3332: 3327: 3320: 3315: 3308: 3303: 3296: 3292: 3287: 3280: 3275: 3273: 3265: 3260: 3244: 3240: 3233: 3219: 3218: 3210: 3203: 3202: S/PV.560 3201: 3196: 3192: 3188: 3183: 3176: 3170: 3163: 3157: 3150: 3145: 3143: 3135: 3130: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3108: 3101: 3096: 3089: 3085: 3080: 3073: 3069: 3064: 3048: 3041: 3035: 3029:, p. 41. 3028: 3023: 3016: 3011: 2992: 2985: 2978: 2972: 2968: 2963: 2961: 2954:, p. 33. 2953: 2948: 2932: 2928: 2924: 2917: 2909: 2905: 2899: 2890: 2883: 2878: 2876: 2860: 2856: 2855:The Telegraph 2852: 2851:"Key figures" 2846: 2839: 2834: 2827: 2822: 2815: 2810: 2802: 2798: 2794: 2792:9798657957457 2788: 2784: 2783: 2775: 2759: 2753: 2738: 2734: 2727: 2711: 2707: 2701: 2693: 2689: 2685: 2681: 2677: 2673: 2669: 2665: 2661: 2657: 2653: 2646: 2644: 2642: 2640: 2632: 2631:9781439110126 2628: 2624: 2620: 2619:Daniel Yergin 2615: 2607: 2605:0-8014-2412-7 2601: 2597: 2590: 2583: 2578: 2576: 2567: 2563: 2559: 2553: 2545: 2543:9781589019782 2539: 2535: 2528: 2526: 2524: 2515: 2509: 2494: 2490: 2483: 2468: 2464: 2457: 2449: 2443: 2439: 2432: 2424: 2418: 2414: 2403: 2395: 2389: 2385: 2377: 2376:Matini, Jalal 2371: 2367: 2351: 2342: 2335: 2332:The - is the 2329: 2322: 2318: 2314: 2310: 2306: 2302: 2296: 2292: 2277: 2274: 2272: 2269: 2267: 2264: 2262: 2259: 2257: 2254: 2252: 2249: 2247: 2244: 2242: 2239: 2237: 2234: 2232: 2229: 2227: 2224: 2222: 2219: 2217: 2214: 2213: 2204: 2200: 2197: 2193: 2189: 2185: 2184:Taghi Amirani 2181: 2180: 2175: 2172: 2168: 2164: 2160: 2157: 2156: 2151: 2148: 2144: 2140: 2136: 2133: 2129: 2128: 2123: 2120: 2116: 2112: 2109: 2104: 2099: 2096: 2092: 2088: 2084: 2083: 2078: 2074: 2073: 2066: 2063:November 2022 2057:is available. 2056: 2052: 2046: 2045: 2041: 2036:This article 2034: 2025: 2024: 2016: 2007: 2005: 2004: 1998: 1993: 1991: 1986: 1980: 1973: 1968: 1958: 1953: 1949: 1946: 1942: 1936: 1934: 1924: 1905: 1902: 1899: 1896: 1894: 1891: 1888: 1887: 1883: 1878: 1875: 1872: 1871: 1867: 1864: 1861: 1858: 1856: 1853: 1850: 1849: 1845: 1840: 1837: 1834: 1833: 1829: 1824: 1821: 1818: 1817: 1813: 1810: 1805: 1802: 1799: 1798: 1792: 1787: 1784: 1781: 1780: 1776: 1773: 1770: 1767: 1764: 1761: 1760: 1752: 1749: 1745: 1740: 1733: 1728: 1719: 1717: 1711: 1709: 1700: 1699: 1694: 1690: 1686: 1684: 1683: 1678: 1672: 1670: 1669:Shaban Jafari 1667: 1663: 1658: 1651: 1650:Shaban Jafari 1646: 1642: 1638: 1635: 1631: 1630:Donald Wilber 1626: 1622: 1620: 1616: 1612: 1608: 1604: 1600: 1599: 1594: 1590: 1587:directed the 1586: 1583: 1577: 1569: 1564: 1555: 1551: 1549: 1545: 1541: 1537: 1533: 1528: 1526: 1520: 1518: 1514: 1502: 1492: 1490: 1489:Hossein Makki 1486: 1480: 1476: 1474: 1470: 1464: 1461: 1459: 1453: 1451: 1447: 1438: 1434: 1429: 1420: 1418: 1414: 1409: 1407: 1402: 1400: 1394: 1384: 1380: 1378: 1374: 1370: 1366: 1365:1952 election 1359: 1353: 1350: 1345: 1340: 1336: 1332: 1330: 1326: 1322: 1321:Abadan Crisis 1313: 1308: 1304: 1302: 1298: 1297: 1289: 1284: 1281: 1280:expropriating 1277: 1272: 1268: 1266: 1262: 1258: 1254: 1246: 1243:Mossadegh as 1241: 1231: 1221: 1219: 1215: 1214:Karim Sanjabi 1211: 1207: 1203: 1199: 1195: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1180: 1176: 1172: 1168: 1167:Qajar dynasty 1164: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1140:Fars Province 1137: 1133: 1132:Hassan Pirnia 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1113: 1109: 1099: 1097: 1093: 1088: 1086: 1082: 1078: 1074: 1070: 1060: 1058: 1054: 1050: 1045: 1043: 1039: 1035: 1031: 1027: 1026:Qajar dynasty 1023: 1014: 1008: 1004: 999: 990: 987: 983: 979: 975: 970: 968: 960: 956: 950: 948: 947:1954 election 944: 940: 936: 932: 928: 924: 920: 919:1952 election 916: 912: 908: 904: 897: 891: 879: 875: 866: 856: 840: 829: 825: 821: 817: 814: 811: 809: 805: 801: 796: 793: 789: 782: 779: 776: 773: 772: 770: 766: 762: 758: 739:Zahra Khanum 736: 732: 725: 722: 719: 716: 713: 710: 707: 704: 703: 701: 697: 694: 691: 689:Resting place 687: 684: 680: 676: 665: 661: 658: 654: 637: 633: 628: 624: 621: 618: 614: 611: 606: 601: 597: 593: 590: 587: 583: 577: 572: 569: 566: 562: 556: 551: 547: 543: 540: 537: 533: 527: 522: 518: 514: 511: 508: 504: 498: 493: 490: 486: 483: 482:Hassan Pirnia 480: 474: 471: 468: 464: 458: 453: 450: 449:Fars Province 446: 442: 439: 436: 430: 427: 424: 420: 414: 409: 406: 402: 399: 396: 390: 387: 386:Hassan Pirnia 384: 378: 375: 372: 368: 362: 357: 354: 350: 346: 342: 336: 333: 330: 324: 321: 318: 312: 309: 306: 302: 296: 291: 288: 285: 279: 276: 273: 267: 264: 263:Hassan Pirnia 261: 255: 252: 249: 245: 239: 234: 231: 227: 224: 221: 215: 212: 209: 203: 200: 197: 191: 188: 185: 181: 175: 170: 167: 163: 160: 157: 151: 148: 145: 139: 136: 133: 129: 123: 118: 115: 112: 106: 103: 100: 94: 91: 88: 84: 78: 73: 70: 65: 61: 54: 49: 40: 33: 30: 19: 8752: 8745: 8612:Axis of evil 8544:Morad Tahbaz 8514:Noor Pahlavi 8488: 8414:Scott Ritter 8270: 8097: 8093: 7946: 7858: 7849:Negotiations 7597:Negotiations 7392:Taylor Swift 7340: 7307:Donald Trump 7286:Kent Brantly 7273:Pope Francis 7265:Barack Obama 7241:Ben Bernanke 7233:Barack Obama 7147:2001–present 7116:Bill Clinton 7108:Andrew Grove 7053:Bill Clinton 6969:The Computer 6921:Jimmy Carter 6897:Carol Sutton 6865:Alison Cheek 6811:Willy Brandt 6790:Frank Borman 6696:Emilio Segrè 6585: 6471:Adolf Hitler 6411:Pierre Laval 6361: 6319: 6270: 6251:Pahlavi Iran 6225: 6219:Alireza Khan 6217: 6134: 6125:Mahdavi Kani 6107:(since 1979) 6061:Sharif-Emami 6031:Sharif-Emami 6010: 6000: 5862:Pahlavi Iran 5772:Farman Farma 5609: 5579: 5559:Ahmad Razavi 5557: 5551: 5542:Head of the 5541: 5532: 5512: 5503: 5479: 5447: 5420: 5415:Hossein Ala' 5365: 5347: 5346:Tom Gabbay 5307: 5301: 5293: 5289: 5276: 5259: 5240: 5224: 5207: 5193: 5179: 5163: 5134: 5120: 5113: 5099: 5070: 5050: 5029: 5008: 4994: 4990:Avery, Peter 4971: 4962: 4942: 4918: 4897: 4865: 4839:. Retrieved 4835: 4826: 4811: 4793:Ghostarchive 4791:Archived at 4787: 4772: 4740:Ghostarchive 4738:Archived at 4734: 4726:the original 4721: 4712: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4683:, retrieved 4677: 4671: 4659:. Retrieved 4655:the original 4650: 4641: 4629:. Retrieved 4623: 4610: 4602:The Guardian 4601: 4579: 4569: 4556: 4544: 4525: 4509:The Iranians 4508: 4503: 4495: 4494:Nasr, Vali, 4490: 4474: 4469: 4460: 4438: 4428: 4404: 4397: 4373: 4366: 4354:. Retrieved 4347: 4312:. Retrieved 4307: 4298: 4290: 4282: 4274: 4270: 4262: 4258: 4246: 4235: 4225: 4217: 4213: 4200: 4189:, retrieved 4184: 4175: 4145:(3): 44–58. 4142: 4136: 4127: 4118: 4111:Farrokh 2011 4106: 4098: 4078: 4069: 4053: 4035: 4027: 4015:. Retrieved 4005: 3986: 3980: 3968: 3956:. Retrieved 3952: 3942: 3934: 3926: 3910: 3890: 3880: 3869:, retrieved 3863: 3856: 3844:. Retrieved 3837: 3828: 3813: 3801: 3790:, retrieved 3781: 3775: 3764:, retrieved 3755: 3748: 3736:, retrieved 3727: 3720: 3704: 3699: 3687: 3679: 3674: 3659: 3647:. Retrieved 3637: 3628: 3622: 3606: 3590: 3571: 3562: 3545: 3541: 3519: 3510: 3500: 3488:. Retrieved 3460: 3456: 3416: 3409:Collier 2017 3374: 3366: 3362: 3350: 3338: 3326: 3319:Collier 2017 3314: 3307:Collier 2017 3302: 3286: 3259: 3247:. Retrieved 3242: 3232: 3221:, retrieved 3216: 3209: 3199: 3194: 3190: 3182: 3174: 3169: 3161: 3156: 3129: 3121:the original 3116: 3113:"atimes.com" 3107: 3095: 3079: 3063: 3051:. Retrieved 3046: 3034: 3022: 3015:Farrokh 2011 3010: 2998:. Retrieved 2991:the original 2977: 2947: 2935:. Retrieved 2931:the original 2926: 2916: 2907: 2904:"آموزش زبان" 2898: 2889: 2863:, retrieved 2859:the original 2854: 2845: 2838:Frankel 1992 2833: 2826:Afkhami 2009 2821: 2816:, p. 4. 2809: 2781: 2774: 2762:. Retrieved 2752: 2740:. Retrieved 2737:The Guardian 2736: 2726: 2714:. Retrieved 2709: 2700: 2659: 2655: 2622: 2614: 2595: 2589: 2565: 2552: 2533: 2496:. Retrieved 2492: 2482: 2470:. Retrieved 2466: 2456: 2437: 2431: 2412: 2402: 2383: 2370: 2350: 2341: 2328: 2320: 2316: 2312: 2308: 2304: 2300: 2295: 2202: 2188:Walter Murch 2177: 2153: 2138: 2125: 2101: 2093:and General 2087:Dean Acheson 2081: 2060: 2055:Editing help 2037: 2013: 2001: 1994: 1981: 1977: 1955: 1950: 1937: 1929: 1744:house arrest 1741: 1737: 1732:house arrest 1712: 1704: 1696: 1680: 1673: 1659: 1655: 1639: 1627: 1623: 1618: 1614: 1596: 1593:Allen Dulles 1579: 1552: 1529: 1525:Dean Acheson 1521: 1509: 1481: 1477: 1465: 1462: 1454: 1442: 1432: 1416: 1410: 1403: 1396: 1381: 1362: 1357: 1342: 1333: 1317: 1294: 1291: 1286: 1273: 1269: 1250: 1210:Ali Shayegan 1193: 1183: 1160: 1105: 1089: 1076: 1066: 1046: 1019: 986:house arrest 971: 951: 873: 872: 669:(1967-03-05) 667:5 March 1967 649:16 June 1882 616:Constituency 609: 604: 585:Constituency 575: 564:Constituency 554: 535:Constituency 525: 506:Constituency 496: 456: 412: 393:Succeeded by 360: 339:Succeeded by 294: 282:Succeeded by 237: 218:Succeeded by 198: 173: 154:Succeeded by 147:Hossein Ala' 121: 109:Succeeded by 76: 29: 8805:1967 deaths 8800:1882 births 8637:Great Satan 8564:Nizar Zakka 8534:Ali Shakeri 8519:Trita Parsi 8484:Esha Momeni 8129:Legislation 8092:Seizure of 7567:Safari Club 7342:The Capital 7339:/ Staff of 7337:Kyaw Soe Oo 7329:Maria Ressa 6961:Lech Wałęsa 6929:Anwar Sadat 6901:Addie Wyatt 6893:Susie Sharp 6881:Carla Hills 6877:Ella Grasso 6869:Jill Conway 6847:King Faisal 6839:John Sirica 6692:Isidor Rabi 6668:John Enders 5866:(1925–1979) 5682:(1907–1925) 5442:Ahmad Qavam 5432:Ahmad Qavam 5096:(in French) 4995:Modern Iran 4718:"Mossadegh" 4705:Script Slug 4661:19 November 4616:James Risen 4143:Social Text 3915:Kinzer 2003 3891:The Fifties 3806:Kinzer 2003 3611:Kinzer 2003 3595:Kinzer 2003 3421:Kinzer 2003 3291:Kinzer 2003 3084:Kinzer 2003 3068:Kinzer 2003 2967:Kinzer 2003 2582:Kinzer 2003 2558:James Risen 2147:David Diaan 2106: [ 2079:in 1951 by 1540:Tudeh Party 1473:Tudeh Party 1469:Ann Lambton 1450:Tudeh Party 1406:Ahmad Qavam 1347: [ 1194:Jebhe Melli 1148:Ahmad Qavam 1096:World War I 1085:Switzerland 1049:Zahra Emami 1030:Abbas Mirza 907:16th Majlis 800:Abbas Mirza 726:(1949–1967) 720:(1919–1949) 718:Independent 714:(1918–1919) 708:(1914–1918) 651:Ahmedabad, 438:Ahmad Qavam 327:Preceded by 320:Ahmad Qavam 270:Preceded by 206:Preceded by 159:Ahmad Qavam 142:Preceded by 102:Ahmad Qavam 97:Preceded by 8784:Categories 8559:Xiyue Wang 8399:Jon Pattis 8379:Brian Hook 8327:Farashgard 8098:St Nikolas 8094:Suez Rajan 7204:Bill Gates 7128:Jeff Bezos 7045:Ted Turner 6873:Betty Ford 6794:Jim Lovell 6234:Ahmad Shah 6198:Qajar Iran 5822:Tabatabaee 5777:Tonekaboni 5737:Tonekaboni 5727:Tonekaboni 5678:Qajar Iran 5548:1950–1951 5519:1949–1960 5485:1952–1953 5453:1952–1953 5426:1951–1952 4998:. Praeger. 4685:7 November 4631:3 November 4191:7 November 3917:, p. 3871:7 November 3792:7 November 3766:7 November 3738:7 November 3613:, p. 3597:, p. 3581:0198281633 3548:(4): 223. 3490:11 October 3293:, p. 3249:11 October 3173:M. Fateh, 3086:, p. 3070:, p. 3049:. 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Mansur 5852:Reza Khan 5624:Ali Amini 5574:Ali Amini 5533:New title 5504:New title 5340:154201459 5324:1471-6380 5172:1873-9830 4841:5 January 4485:, Page 88 4314:5 October 4159:0164-2472 4017:3 January 3846:3 January 3715:, p. 125. 3601:135-136]. 3485:154990164 3369:, p. 761. 3297:150-151]. 3177:, p. 525. 3027:Diba 1986 2814:Diba 1986 2801:302536657 2764:22 August 2742:20 August 2716:21 August 2692:154201459 2676:0020-7438 2378:(2009). 2362:Citations 2313:Mossaddeq 2309:Mossadegh 2139:Mosaddegh 1748:Ahmadabad 1666:strongman 1544:communism 1437:Churchill 1417:Si-ye Tir 1267:in 1933. 1265:Reza Shah 1184:In 1941, 1163:Reza Khan 1079:) at the 1063:Education 921:into the 882:محمد مصدق 819:Signature 791:Relatives 605:In office 576:In office 555:In office 526:In office 497:In office 457:In office 413:In office 361:In office 295:In office 238:In office 174:In office 122:In office 77:In office 67:30th 44:محمد مصدق 8771:Category 7963:Timeline 7945:MV 7814:Timeline 7665:Iran Ajr 7100:David Ho 6308:Khamenei 6302:Khomeini 6296:Banisadr 6093:Bazargan 6071:Bakhtiar 5910:Foroughi 5890:Foroughi 5880:Mostowfi 5874:Foroughi 5842:Mostowfi 5797:Mostowfi 5767:Mostowfi 5752:Mostowfi 5732:Mostowfi 5162:(eds.). 5006:(2003). 4992:(1965). 4940:(2009). 4895:(2012). 4863:(1982). 4795:and the 4758:cite web 4742:and the 4561:Archived 4356:15 March 3888:(1993). 3839:Fox News 3692:Elm 1994 3649:31 March 3570:(1969). 3554:41403757 3053:5 August 2937:9 August 2797:ProQuest 2560:(2000). 2508:cite web 2498:13 April 2472:13 April 2321:Musaddiq 2317:Mosadeck 2305:Mosaddiq 2301:Mossadeq 2210:See also 1900:Unknown 1881:Unknown 1862:Unknown 1843:Unknown 1827:Unknown 1808:Unknown 1790:Unknown 1765:Election 1548:Cold War 1354:issue of 1296:de facto 1122:, under 783:(mother) 777:(father) 760:Children 595:Majority 545:Majority 516:Majority 8585:Related 7983:Stuxnet 7333:Wa Lone 6320:Italics 6188:of the 6146:*Acting 6130:Mousavi 6120:Bahonar 6051:Hoveyda 5985:Razmara 5925:Soheili 5915:Soheili 5885:Hedayat 5552:Unknown 4854:Sources 4346:(ed.). 4308:uca.edu 3958:16 July 3477:2127013 3197:. 3088:135-136 3000:31 July 2221:Coup 53 2179:Coup 53 2161:In the 2010:British 1974:in 1951 1859:≈15,000 1746:at his 1682:Farmāns 1677:Baghdad 1550:fears. 1399:cabinet 1247:of Iran 1112:Isfahan 878:Persian 797:(uncle) 768:Parents 754: 746: 742: 466:Monarch 422:Monarch 370:Monarch 304:Monarch 247:Monarch 199:Himself 183:Monarch 131:Monarch 86:Monarch 7394:(2023) 7386:(2022) 7374:(2021) 7366:(2020) 7354:(2019) 7346:(2018) 7317:(2017) 7309:(2016) 7301:(2015) 7293:(2014) 7275:(2013) 7267:(2012) 7259:(2011) 7251:(2010) 7243:(2009) 7235:(2008) 7227:(2007) 7219:(2006) 7211:(2005) 7192:(2004) 7184:(2003) 7176:(2002) 7157:(2001) 7138:(2000) 7130:(1999) 7122:(1998) 7110:(1997) 7102:(1996) 7094:(1995) 7086:(1994) 7078:(1993) 7055:(1992) 7047:(1991) 7039:(1990) 7031:(1989) 7023:(1988) 7015:(1987) 7007:(1986) 6999:(1985) 6991:(1984) 6983:(1983) 6971:(1982) 6963:(1981) 6955:(1980) 6947:(1979) 6939:(1978) 6931:(1977) 6923:(1976) 6904:(1975) 6849:(1974) 6841:(1973) 6833:(1972) 6821:(1971) 6813:(1970) 6805:(1969) 6797:(1968) 6775:(1967) 6767:(1966) 6759:(1965) 6751:(1964) 6743:(1963) 6735:(1962) 6727:(1961) 6719:(1960) 6652:(1959) 6644:(1958) 6636:(1957) 6628:(1956) 6620:(1955) 6612:(1954) 6604:(1953) 6596:(1952) 6588:(1951) 6569:(1950) 6561:(1949) 6553:(1948) 6545:(1947) 6537:(1946) 6529:(1945) 6521:(1944) 6513:(1943) 6505:(1942) 6497:(1941) 6489:(1940) 6481:(1939) 6473:(1938) 6465:(1937) 6453:(1936) 6445:(1935) 6437:(1934) 6429:(1933) 6421:(1932) 6413:(1931) 6405:(1930) 6397:(1929) 6389:(1928) 6381:(1927) 6242:(1925) 6085:(1979) 6066:Azhari 6026:Eghbal 6016:Zahedi 5990:Fahimi 5970:Hazhir 5965:Hakimi 5960:Hekmat 5950:Hakimi 5940:Hakimi 5847:Pirnia 5832:Pirnia 5812:Pirnia 5807:Vosugh 5782:Vosugh 5757:Pirnia 5696:Atabak 5690:Afkham 5612:Tehran 5582:Tehran 5372: 5354: 5338: 5332:163655 5330: 5322: 5283: 5266: 5249: 5233: 5214: 5200: 5186: 5170: 5141: 5127: 5106: 5077: 5058: 5037: 5016: 4978: 4950: 4926: 4905: 4881: 4532: 4481: 4416: 4385: 4167:466342 4165: 4157: 4060: 3993: 3898: 3711: 3578: 3552: 3483: 3475: 3223:6 July 3193: 2799: 2789: 2690: 2684:163655 2682: 2674: 2629: 2602: 2540: 2444: 2419: 2390: 2145:actor 2103:Soraya 2038:is in 1913:Legacy 1897:30,738 1777:Notes 1603:Beirut 1446:Majlis 1329:Aramco 1136:Shiraz 1022:Tehran 969:(BP). 961:(APOC/ 734:Spouse 679:Tehran 653:Tehran 589:Tehran 568:Tehran 539:Tehran 510:Tehran 6115:Rajai 6036:Amini 6006:Qavam 5975:Sa'ed 5955:Qavam 5935:Bayat 5930:Sa'ed 5920:Qavam 5837:Qavam 5827:Qavam 5336:S2CID 5328:JSTOR 4342:. In 4163:JSTOR 3786:(PDF) 3760:(PDF) 3732:(PDF) 3617:159]. 3550:JSTOR 3481:S2CID 3473:JSTOR 3189: 3043:(PDF) 2994:(PDF) 2987:(PDF) 2760:. CNN 2688:S2CID 2680:JSTOR 2411:[ 2382:[ 2334:Izāfa 2319:, or 2287:Notes 2203:Pamir 2110:] 2044:prose 1957:foot. 1945:Ulema 1884:Lost 1846:Lost 1768:Votes 1351:] 913:from 748:( 744: 8096:and 7968:P5+1 7200:Bono 6362:Time 6041:Alam 6021:Ala' 5996:Ala' 5945:Sadr 5895:Djam 5668:list 5617:1944 5587:1950 5370:ISBN 5352:ISBN 5320:ISSN 5281:ISBN 5264:ISBN 5247:ISBN 5231:ISBN 5212:ISBN 5198:ISBN 5184:ISBN 5168:ISSN 5139:ISBN 5125:ISBN 5104:ISBN 5075:ISBN 5056:ISBN 5035:ISBN 5014:ISBN 4976:ISBN 4948:ISBN 4924:ISBN 4903:ISBN 4879:ISBN 4843:2022 4764:link 4700:Argo 4687:2007 4663:2006 4651:Time 4633:2006 4530:ISBN 4479:ISBN 4414:ISBN 4383:ISBN 4358:2016 4316:2018 4193:2007 4155:ISSN 4058:ISBN 4019:2020 3991:ISBN 3960:2015 3896:ISBN 3873:2007 3848:2020 3794:2007 3768:2007 3740:2007 3709:ISBN 3651:2017 3576:ISBN 3492:2022 3251:2022 3225:2023 3055:2013 3002:2011 2939:2013 2867:2007 2787:ISBN 2766:2013 2744:2013 2718:2018 2672:ISSN 2627:ISBN 2600:ISBN 2538:ISBN 2514:link 2500:2022 2474:2022 2442:ISBN 2417:ISBN 2388:ISBN 2186:and 2127:Argo 2082:Time 2040:list 1962:U.S. 1918:Iran 1906:Won 1889:1950 1873:1947 1868:Won 1851:1943 1835:1928 1830:Won 1819:1926 1814:Won 1800:1923 1782:1906 1774:Rank 1762:Year 1327:and 1212:and 963:AIOC 941:His 915:1923 886:IPA: 663:Died 635:Born 445:Vali 349:Vali 7217:You 5312:doi 4871:doi 4410:159 4147:doi 3921:7]. 3465:doi 3195:560 3047:CIA 2664:doi 2176:In 2124:In 1903:1st 1865:1st 1811:3rd 1589:CIA 1083:in 935:CIA 931:MI6 447:of 351:of 8786:: 7382:/ 7362:/ 7335:/ 7331:/ 7327:/ 7206:/ 7202:/ 7171:/ 7167:/ 7118:/ 7073:/ 7069:/ 7065:/ 6979:/ 6899:/ 6895:/ 6891:/ 6887:/ 6883:/ 6879:/ 6875:/ 6871:/ 6867:/ 6863:/ 6859:/ 6829:/ 6792:/ 6788:/ 6784:: 6714:/ 6710:/ 6706:/ 6702:/ 6698:/ 6694:/ 6690:/ 6686:/ 6682:/ 6678:/ 6674:/ 6670:/ 6666:/ 6662:/ 6461:/ 5368:, 5364:, 5334:. 5326:. 5318:. 5308:19 5306:. 5275:, 5258:, 5223:, 4877:. 4834:. 4799:: 4760:}} 4756:{{ 4746:: 4720:. 4649:. 4622:. 4600:. 4588:^ 4578:. 4559:. 4555:. 4516:^ 4459:. 4447:^ 4437:. 4412:. 4381:. 4379:19 4324:^ 4306:. 4289:, 4234:. 4183:, 4161:. 4153:. 4126:. 4097:, 4087:^ 4077:. 4045:^ 3951:. 3933:, 3836:. 3544:. 3540:. 3528:^ 3509:. 3479:. 3471:. 3461:17 3459:. 3455:. 3443:^ 3428:^ 3401:^ 3386:^ 3271:^ 3241:. 3141:^ 3115:. 3072:60 3045:. 2971:54 2959:^ 2925:. 2906:. 2874:^ 2853:, 2795:. 2735:. 2708:. 2686:. 2678:. 2670:. 2660:19 2658:. 2654:. 2638:^ 2633:). 2621:, 2574:^ 2564:. 2522:^ 2510:}} 2506:{{ 2491:. 2465:. 2315:, 2311:, 2307:, 2303:, 2108:it 1710:. 1621:. 1460:. 1349:fa 1325:BP 1208:, 1204:, 1059:. 949:. 884:, 880:: 750:m. 681:, 677:, 655:, 8742:" 8738:" 7428:e 7421:t 7414:v 6353:e 6346:t 6339:v 6178:e 6171:t 6164:v 5992:* 5876:* 5723:* 5692:* 5670:) 5666:( 5655:e 5648:t 5641:v 5376:. 5358:. 5342:. 5314:: 5174:. 5083:. 5064:. 5043:. 5022:. 4984:. 4956:. 4932:. 4911:. 4887:. 4873:: 4845:. 4820:. 4781:. 4766:) 4665:. 4635:. 4604:. 4582:. 4538:. 4441:. 4422:. 4391:. 4360:. 4318:. 4240:. 4169:. 4149:: 4081:. 4064:. 4040:. 4021:. 3999:. 3962:. 3904:. 3850:. 3822:. 3668:. 3653:. 3631:. 3584:. 3556:. 3546:7 3494:. 3467:: 3253:. 3090:. 3074:. 3057:. 3004:. 2941:. 2910:. 2840:. 2803:. 2768:. 2746:. 2720:. 2694:. 2666:: 2625:( 2608:. 2584:. 2568:. 2546:. 2516:) 2502:. 2476:. 2450:. 2425:. 2396:. 2323:. 2149:. 2121:. 2097:. 2065:) 2061:( 2047:. 1771:% 1439:. 1196:( 1075:( 876:( 763:5 647:) 643:( 20:)

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Mohammad Mosaddegh

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