2510:, and extension methods, C# 3.0 has the ability to mimic mixins. With Dart 2.7 and C# 3.0 came the introduction of extension methods which can be applied, not only to classes, but also to interfaces. Extension Methods provide additional functionality on an existing class without modifying the class. It then becomes possible to create a static helper class for specific functionality that defines the extension methods. Because the classes implement the interface (even if the actual interface doesn’t contain any methods or properties to implement) it will pick up all the extension methods also. C# 8.0 adds the feature of default interface methods.
2495:
interface means to implement the method at every class which uses the interface. Default methods help in this case where they can be introduced to an interface any time and have an implemented structure which is then used by the associated classes. Hence default methods add the ability to applying the mixin concept in Java.
2536:
Scala has a rich type system and Traits are a part of it which helps implement mixin behaviour. As their name reveals, Traits are usually used to represent a distinct feature or aspect that is normally orthogonal to the responsibility of a concrete type or at least of a certain instance. For example,
2494:
Java 8 introduces a new feature in the form of default methods for interfaces. Basically it allows a method to be defined in an interface with application in the scenario when a new method is to be added to an interface after the interface class programming setup is done. To add a new function to the
236:
method combination, where the resulting values of each of the applicable methods of a generic function are arithmetically added to compute the return value. This is used, for example, with the border-mixin for graphical objects. A graphical object may have a generic width function. The border-mixin
183:, a mixin is a class from which another class can inherit slot definitions and methods. The mixin usually does not have direct instances. Since a Flavor can inherit from more than one other Flavor, it can inherit from one or more mixins. Note that the original Flavors did not use generic functions.
57:
that contains methods for use by other classes without having to be the parent class of those other classes. How those other classes gain access to the mixin's methods depends on the language. Mixins are sometimes described as being "included" rather than "inherited".
160:: Mixins are useful when a programmer wants to share functionality between different classes. Instead of repeating the same code over and over again, the common functionality can simply be grouped into a mixin and then included into each class that requires it.
2485:
class. Version 7.0 added library access so that mixins do not need to be in the same package or be public abstract. Curl constructors are factories that facilitates using multiple-inheritance without explicit declaration of either interfaces or mixins.
176:, classes are defined in a block in which attributes, methods and class initialization are all defined together; thus all the methods that can be invoked on a class are defined together, and the definition of the class is complete.
105:
in
Somerville, Massachusetts: The owner of the ice cream shop offered a basic flavor of ice cream (vanilla, chocolate, etc.) and blended in a combination of extra items (nuts, cookies, fudge, etc.) and called the item a
481:
Some languages do not support mixins on the language level, but can easily mimic them by copying methods from one object to another at runtime, thereby "borrowing" the mixin's methods. This is also possible with
493:
and C# support the addition of extension methods on interfaces, meaning any class implementing an interface with extension methods defined will have the extension methods available as pseudo-members.
141:, in that the child class can still inherit all the features of the parent class, but, the semantics about the child "being a kind of" the parent need not be necessarily applied.
213:. So, for example, a stream-lock-mixin can add locking around existing methods of a stream class. In Flavors one would write a wrapper or a whopper and in CLOS one would use an
1209:
It is technically possible to add behavior to an object by binding functions to keys in the object. However, this lack of separation between state and behavior has drawbacks:
252:
In an OOPSLA 90 paper, Gilad Bracha and
William Cook reinterpret different inheritance mechanisms found in Smalltalk, Beta and CLOS as special forms of a mixin inheritance.
3629:
2516:(in most cases implemented as JavaScript) does not need to mimic object composition by step-wise copying fields from one object to another. It natively supports
1216:
No sharing of common behavior. Metaobjects solve this problem by separating the domain specific properties of objects from their behaviour specific properties.
133:
can then inherit or simply reuse this functionality, but not as a means of specialization. Typically, the mixin will export the desired functionality to a
3764:
3472:
2210:
Even though the firstly described approach is mostly widespread the next one is closer to what JavaScript's language core fundamentally offers -
519:
method combination. This combination determines that all applicable methods for a generic function will be called and the results will be added.
2473:, user interface delegate objects that require dropdown menus inheriting from StandardBaseDropdownUI and such explicitly named mixin classes as
3793:
163:
Mixins allow inheritance and use of only the desired features from the parent class, not necessarily all of the features from the parent class.
2663:) when creating a new instance of a class. In the case of a Person class instance, not all instances can sing. This feature comes use then:
961:
for each new connection. Clearly, the functionality to create a new thread or fork a process is not terribly useful as a stand-alone class.
3380:
3224:
2465:
web-content language, multiple inheritance is used as classes with no instances may implement methods. Common mixins include all skinnable
3250:
2502:
can also produce full-fledged mixins in languages that support such features, such as C# or Java. Additionally, through the use of the
964:
In this usage example, the mixins provide alternative underlying functionality without affecting the functionality as a socket server.
138:
154:
by allowing one class to use common functionality from multiple classes, but without the complex semantics of multiple inheritance.
3633:
3337:
194:". These generic functions are functions that are defined in multiple cases (methods) by class dispatch and method combinations.
70:
2595:
Here, Bird has mixed in all methods of the trait into its own definition as if class Bird had defined method sing() on its own.
3555:
2606:
is used if no super class is inherited and only for mixin in the first trait. All following traits are mixed in using keyword
137:, without creating a rigid, single "is a" relationship. Here lies the important difference between the concepts of mixins and
489:
Other languages that do not support mixins can support them in a round-about way via other language constructs. For example,
3728:
1100:# Here's the good bit - I get access to <, <=, >,>= and other methods of the Comparable Interface for free.
42:
3593:
3680:
3780:
and Linda DeMichiel provides a good introduction to the motivation for defining classes by means of generic functions.
2520:
and mixin based object composition via function objects that implement additional behavior and then are delegated via
3262:
3197:
981:
3705:"javascript-code-reuse-patterns/source/components/composition at master · petsel/javascript-code-reuse-patterns"
3655:
2960:
Mixin can be achieved in Swift by using a language feature called
Default implementation in Protocol Extension.
69:"), or to work around lack of support for multiple inheritance in a language. A mixin can also be viewed as an
274:
180:
78:
66:
2217:
Two function object based patterns already do the trick without the need of a third party's implementation of
593:
There is a method for objects of class button that computes the width based on the length of the button text.
3417:
Factor's main language features: … Object system with
Inheritance, Generic functions, Predicate dispatch and
1061:# Including the Comparable module requires the implementing class to define the <=> comparison operator
887:
867:
401:
396:
351:
325:
3174:
3123:
2517:
441:
431:
390:
361:
284:
119:
2537:
the ability to sing is modeled as such an orthogonal feature: it could be applied to Birds, Persons, etc.
3580:
3468:
2499:
2462:
475:
421:
416:
411:
336:
320:
315:
295:
134:
130:
2748:. Traits, like in Scala, allow users to implement behaviours for a defined type. They are also used for
292:(Class based using includes and Object based by assigning methods from one object to another at runtime)
3581:"Default Methods (The Java™ Tutorials > Learning the Java Language > Interfaces and Inheritance)"
3323:
2756:, allowing types implementing a trait to be used interchangeably statically or dynamically at runtime.
426:
356:
268:
94:
942:
330:
74:
3541:
2503:
301:
54:
229:
methods are a feature of the standard method combination. Other method combinations are provided.
958:
405:
3228:
3405:
883:
126:, in which units of functionality are created in a class and then mixed in with other classes.
17:
3517:
2782:// Rust allows implementors to define default implementations for functions defined in traits
249:
method combination. All return values are added and create the combined width of the object.
65:
and can be used to avoid the inheritance ambiguity that multiple inheritance can cause (the "
3309:
814:
computes 84. The result is the sum of the results of the two applicable methods: the method
3704:
1064:# Here's the comparison operator. We compare 2 student instances based on their scores.
469:
151:
123:
102:
3432:
8:
3605:
3118:
2749:
2507:
97:
system (developed by Howard Cannon), which was an approach to object-orientation used in
3777:
941:
class adds functionality to the TCP server such that each new connection creates a new
486:
languages, but it requires constructing a new object with the extended set of methods.
3493:
3341:
1004:# The class Student inherits the Comparable module using the 'include' keyword
237:
would add a border around an object and has a method computing its width. A new class
3742:
3258:
3113:
490:
98:
3559:
2753:
305:
289:
191:
2211:
1213:
It intermingles properties of the model domain with that of implementation domain.
898:. Normally, all new connections are handled within the same process. By extending
767:
computes 80. The result is the result of the single applicable method: the method
346:
118:
Mixins are a language concept that allows a programmer to inject some code into a
662:
class. The naming is just a convention. There are no superclasses, and no slots.
380:
217:
method. Both CLOS and
Flavors allow the computed reuse via method combinations.
129:
A mixin class acts as the parent class, containing the desired functionality. A
2660:
271:(by extending an existing tagged record with arbitrary operations in a generic)
245:
mixin) would compute its width by calling all applicable width methods—via the
3787:
3773:
3108:
483:
446:
35:
3146:
3768:
3447:
197:
CLOS and
Flavors allow mixin methods to add behavior to existing methods:
890:
socket servers, respectively. Additionally, there are two mixin classes:
506:
261:
684:
There is a method computing the width of the border. Here it is just 4.
509:
provides mixins in CLOS (Common Lisp Object System) similar to
Flavors.
2513:
465:
157:
62:
2098:// Adding the methods from mixins to the object using Object.assign()
30:
This article is about the programming concept. For the ice cream, see
3630:"Create mixin types using default interface methods | Microsoft Docs"
3362:
3251:"Type-Safe Compilation of Covariant Specialization: A Practical Case"
597:
is the method qualifier for the method combination of the same name.
436:
90:
3743:"Traits: Defining Shared Behavior - the Rust Programming Language"
3255:
ECOOP '96, Object-oriented
Programming: 10th European Conference
3758:
2602:
is also used to inherit from a super class, in case of a trait
366:
173:
107:
31:
3126:, a similar structure that does not require linear composition
976:. The concept of mixins is implemented in Ruby by the keyword
347:
JavaScript
Delegation - Functions as Roles (Traits and Mixins)
309:
451:
371:
3285:
2920:// Here we override the definition of Speak::greet for Robot
455:
376:
187:
459:
386:
3248:
255:
2528:
to objects that are in need of such new functionality.
949:
can be created without having to duplicate the code in
515:
is a generic function with one argument that uses the
205:
daemons, whoppers and wrappers in
Flavors. CLOS added
209:
methods and the ability to call shadowed methods via
3381:"Create mixin types using default interface methods"
3433:"Classes - MATLAB & Simulink - MathWorks India"
3324:"Re-use in OO: Inheritance, Composition and Mixins"
2382:// applying and enumerable behavior onto 's .
1220:An extend function is used to mix the behavior in:
383:
in the Moose extension of the Perl 5 object system)
3729:"Scala in practice: Traits as Mixins – Motivation"
3542:"Mixins, Forwarding, and Delegation in JavaScript"
3225:"I know the answer (it's 42) : Mixins and C#"
3088:"Please check your internet Connection."
972:Most of the Ruby world is based around mixins via
870:, an example of the mixin concept is found in the
763:We can now compute the width of a button. Calling
3249:Boyland, John; Giuseppe Castagna (26 June 1996).
3785:
3198:"Implementing Mixins with C# Extension Methods"
559:is a class with one slot for the button text.
241:(that is both a graphical object and uses the
77:. This pattern is an example of enforcing the
27:Class in object-oriented programming languages
3594:Mixins, generics and extension methods in C#
3445:
3338:"Moving beyond mixins » Justin Leitgeb"
2659:Scala allows mixing in a trait (creating an
2328:// function based Flight-Mixin mechanics ...
186:In New Flavors (a successor of Flavors) and
3518:"cpython: 2cb530243943 Lib/socketserver.py"
3175:"Mix-Ins (Steve's ice cream, Boston, 1975)"
3147:"Using Mix-ins with Python | Linux Journal"
980:to which we pass the name of the module as
3774:The Common Lisp Object System: An Overview
3656:"DrehtĂĽr: The-many-Talents-of-JavaScript"
312:statement that compiles strings as code.)
110:", his own trademarked term at the time.
3473:École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne
2761:// Allows for types to "speak"
2489:
3653:
3378:
3172:
2744:Rust makes extensive use of mixins via
2203:The pure function and delegation based
264:), some languages that use mixins are:
260:Other than Flavors and CLOS (a part of
14:
3786:
3794:Object-oriented programming languages
3678:
3403:
3173:AOL.COM, Bapopik at (3 August 2002).
2456:
2379:// Application - explicit delegation:
2155:// Marcus Aurelius - Rome - 121-04-26
256:Programming languages that use mixins
43:object-oriented programming languages
3219:
3217:
3192:
3190:
3168:
3166:
3141:
3139:
3031:// Do what it needs to show an error
3681:"A fresh look at JavaScript Mixins"
806:We can also compute the width of a
24:
167:
122:. Mixin programming is a style of
25:
3805:
3752:
3214:
3187:
3163:
3136:
2256:// function based module pattern.
501:
1762:Mixin with using Object.assign()
1192:
724:is a class inheriting from both
3735:
3721:
3697:
3672:
3647:
3622:
3598:
3587:
3573:
3548:
3534:
3510:
3486:
3461:
3439:
3425:
3397:
3372:
3355:
2911:"Beep beep boop boop"
882:class. They act as servers for
210:
3761:at Portland Pattern Repository
3406:"Factor/Features/The language"
3330:
3316:
3302:
3278:
3242:
2197:// His age is 1897 as of today
957:would cause the process to be
79:dependency inversion principle
13:
1:
3654:Seliger, Peter (2014-04-11).
3310:"Working with Mixins in Ruby"
3130:
2941:"Robot says howdy!"
144:
113:
3632:. 2020-04-13. Archived from
3556:"DRY JavaScript with mixins"
3257:. Springer. pp. 16–17.
3227:. 2006-09-04. Archived from
861:
427:Sass (A stylesheet language)
190:, methods are organized in "
150:It provides a mechanism for
7:
3679:Croll, Angus (2011-05-31).
3446:Alain Frisch (2013-06-14).
3102:
2955:
2531:
2500:aspect-oriented programming
953:. Alternatively, using the
945:. Using the same method, a
496:
458:(object systems builtin to
339:(since Java 8, by means of
277:(since C# 8.0, by means of
101:. The name was inspired by
10:
3810:
3253:. In Pierre Cointe (ed.).
2739:
1576:// Mixin the other methods
967:
84:
29:
3469:"Mixin Class Composition"
3363:"Mixin-based Inheritance"
2498:Interfaces combined with
1795:'Marcus Aurelius'
874:module, which has both a
89:Mixins first appeared in
3685:JavaScript, JavaScript..
2962:
2758:
2665:
2612:
2539:
2504:marker interface pattern
2223:
1765:
1222:
989:
908:
832:
777:
734:
686:
664:
599:
561:
521:
103:Steve's Ice Cream Parlor
2566:" singing … "
2349:// ... referring to ...
34:. For the company, see
3202:Zorched / One-Line Fix
2857:"Woof woof"
2490:Interfaces and traits
2205:Flight-Mixin Approach
1774:// Creating an object
1429:// An extend function
333:(by struct embedding)
3610:flutterbyexample.com
3404:slava (2010-01-25).
3151:www.linuxjournal.com
2226:'use strict'
1768:'use strict'
1225:'use strict'
850:'bordered-button
585:"click me"
470:mixins documentation
406:mixins documentation
308:; D also includes a
152:multiple inheritance
124:software development
3606:"Extension methods"
3498:media.wu-wien.ac.at
3408:. concatenative.org
3119:Policy-based design
2692:" Human "
2508:generic programming
2483:NumericAxisMixin-of
2385:EnumerableFirstLast
2370:// ... shared code.
2238:EnumerableFirstLast
1819:'121-04-26'
1200:Object-Literal and
545::method-combination
93:'s object-oriented
3778:Richard P. Gabriel
3494:"XOTcl - Tutorial"
3385:docs.microsoft.com
2471:SkinnableControlUI
2469:s inheriting from
2457:In other languages
2409:// Now you can do:
947:ThreadingUDPServer
914:ThreadingTCPServer
232:An example is the
3114:Decorator pattern
2232:// Implementation
1729:// Samwise Gamgee
1699:'Baggins'
1669:'Samwise'
1154:"Jason"
1124:"Peter"
491:Visual Basic .NET
306:"template mixins"
192:generic functions
99:Lisp Machine Lisp
73:with implemented
61:Mixins encourage
16:(Redirected from
3801:
3747:
3746:
3739:
3733:
3732:
3725:
3719:
3718:
3716:
3715:
3701:
3695:
3694:
3692:
3691:
3676:
3670:
3669:
3667:
3666:
3651:
3645:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3626:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3616:
3602:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3584:
3577:
3571:
3570:
3568:
3567:
3558:. Archived from
3552:
3546:
3545:
3538:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3514:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3490:
3484:
3483:
3481:
3479:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3456:
3455:
3443:
3437:
3436:
3429:
3423:
3422:
3414:
3413:
3401:
3395:
3394:
3392:
3391:
3376:
3370:
3369:
3367:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3340:. Archived from
3334:
3328:
3327:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3306:
3300:
3299:
3297:
3296:
3282:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3246:
3240:
3239:
3237:
3236:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3194:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3181:
3170:
3161:
3160:
3158:
3157:
3143:
3098:
3095:
3092:
3089:
3086:
3083:
3080:
3077:
3074:
3071:
3068:
3065:
3064:ErrorDisplayable
3062:
3059:
3056:
3053:
3050:
3047:
3044:
3041:
3038:
3035:
3032:
3029:
3026:
3023:
3020:
3017:
3014:
3011:
3008:
3005:
3002:
3001:ErrorDisplayable
2999:
2996:
2993:
2990:
2987:
2984:
2981:
2978:
2975:
2972:
2969:
2968:ErrorDisplayable
2966:
2951:
2948:
2945:
2942:
2939:
2936:
2933:
2930:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2918:
2915:
2912:
2909:
2906:
2903:
2900:
2897:
2894:
2891:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2879:
2876:
2873:
2870:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2858:
2855:
2852:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2840:
2837:
2834:
2831:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2819:
2816:
2813:
2810:
2807:
2804:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2792:
2789:
2786:
2783:
2780:
2777:
2774:
2771:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2754:dynamic dispatch
2735:
2732:
2729:
2726:
2723:
2720:
2717:
2714:
2711:
2708:
2705:
2702:
2699:
2696:
2693:
2690:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2678:
2675:
2672:
2669:
2655:
2652:
2649:
2646:
2643:
2640:
2637:
2634:
2631:
2628:
2625:
2622:
2619:
2616:
2609:
2605:
2601:
2591:
2588:
2585:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2573:
2570:
2567:
2564:
2561:
2558:
2555:
2552:
2549:
2546:
2543:
2527:
2523:
2484:
2480:
2476:
2475:FontGraphicMixin
2472:
2468:
2452:
2449:
2446:
2443:
2440:
2437:
2434:
2431:
2428:
2425:
2422:
2419:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2407:
2404:
2401:
2398:
2395:
2392:
2389:
2386:
2383:
2380:
2377:
2374:
2371:
2368:
2365:
2362:
2359:
2356:
2353:
2350:
2347:
2344:
2341:
2338:
2335:
2332:
2329:
2326:
2323:
2320:
2317:
2314:
2311:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2299:
2296:
2293:
2290:
2287:
2284:
2281:
2278:
2275:
2272:
2269:
2266:
2263:
2260:
2257:
2254:
2251:
2248:
2245:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2220:
2198:
2195:
2192:
2189:
2186:
2183:
2180:
2177:
2174:
2171:
2168:
2165:
2162:
2159:
2156:
2153:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2141:
2138:
2135:
2132:
2129:
2126:
2123:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2105:
2102:
2099:
2096:
2093:
2090:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2078:
2075:
2072:
2069:
2066:
2063:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2048:
2045:
2042:
2039:
2036:
2033:
2030:
2027:
2024:
2021:
2018:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1955:
1952:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1940:
1937:
1934:
1931:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1916:
1913:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1883:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1859:
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1844:
1841:
1838:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1820:
1817:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1772:
1769:
1757:
1756:// Frodo Baggins
1754:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1742:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1679:
1676:
1675:'Gamgee'
1673:
1670:
1667:
1664:
1661:
1658:
1655:
1652:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1640:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1589:
1586:
1583:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1564:'Freeda'
1562:
1559:
1556:
1553:
1550:
1547:
1544:
1541:
1540:'Loawry'
1538:
1535:
1532:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1472:
1469:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1394:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1376:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1364:
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1310:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1250:
1247:
1244:
1241:
1238:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1203:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1179:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1140:
1137:
1134:
1131:
1128:
1125:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1086:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1056:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
996:
993:
979:
975:
956:
952:
948:
940:
933:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
915:
912:
905:
901:
897:
893:
881:
877:
873:
857:
854:
851:
848:
845:
842:
839:
836:
829:
825:
821:
817:
813:
809:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
781:
774:
770:
766:
759:
756:
753:
750:
747:
744:
741:
738:
731:
727:
723:
717:
714:
711:
708:
705:
702:
699:
696:
693:
690:
680:
677:
674:
671:
668:
661:
654:
651:
648:
645:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
624:
621:
618:
615:
612:
609:
606:
603:
596:
589:
586:
583:
580:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
558:
552:
549:
546:
543:
540:
537:
534:
531:
528:
525:
518:
514:
484:statically typed
248:
244:
240:
235:
228:
224:
220:
216:
212:
211:CALL-NEXT-METHOD
208:
204:
200:
158:Code reusability
21:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3784:
3783:
3755:
3750:
3741:
3740:
3736:
3731:. 19 July 2009.
3727:
3726:
3722:
3713:
3711:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3689:
3687:
3677:
3673:
3664:
3662:
3652:
3648:
3639:
3637:
3628:
3627:
3623:
3614:
3612:
3604:
3603:
3599:
3592:
3588:
3579:
3578:
3574:
3565:
3563:
3554:
3553:
3549:
3540:
3539:
3535:
3526:
3524:
3516:
3515:
3511:
3502:
3500:
3492:
3491:
3487:
3477:
3475:
3467:
3466:
3462:
3453:
3451:
3448:"Mixin objects"
3444:
3440:
3431:
3430:
3426:
3411:
3409:
3402:
3398:
3389:
3387:
3377:
3373:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3347:
3345:
3336:
3335:
3331:
3322:
3321:
3317:
3308:
3307:
3303:
3294:
3292:
3284:
3283:
3279:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3247:
3243:
3234:
3232:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3206:
3204:
3196:
3195:
3188:
3179:
3177:
3171:
3164:
3155:
3153:
3145:
3144:
3137:
3133:
3105:
3100:
3099:
3096:
3093:
3090:
3087:
3084:
3081:
3078:
3075:
3072:
3069:
3066:
3063:
3060:
3057:
3054:
3051:
3048:
3045:
3042:
3039:
3036:
3033:
3030:
3027:
3024:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3012:
3009:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2997:
2994:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2982:
2979:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2967:
2964:
2958:
2953:
2952:
2949:
2946:
2943:
2940:
2937:
2934:
2931:
2928:
2925:
2922:
2919:
2916:
2913:
2910:
2907:
2904:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2892:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2880:
2877:
2874:
2871:
2868:
2865:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2853:
2850:
2847:
2844:
2841:
2838:
2835:
2832:
2829:
2826:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2814:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2803:"Hi!"
2802:
2799:
2796:
2793:
2790:
2787:
2784:
2781:
2778:
2775:
2772:
2769:
2766:
2763:
2760:
2742:
2737:
2736:
2733:
2730:
2727:
2724:
2721:
2718:
2715:
2712:
2709:
2706:
2703:
2700:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2682:
2679:
2676:
2673:
2670:
2667:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2638:
2635:
2632:
2629:
2626:
2623:
2620:
2617:
2614:
2607:
2603:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2589:
2586:
2583:
2580:
2577:
2574:
2571:
2568:
2565:
2562:
2559:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2544:
2541:
2534:
2525:
2521:
2492:
2482:
2479:FontVisualMixin
2478:
2474:
2470:
2466:
2459:
2454:
2453:
2450:
2447:
2444:
2441:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2408:
2405:
2402:
2399:
2396:
2393:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2372:
2369:
2366:
2363:
2360:
2357:
2354:
2351:
2348:
2345:
2342:
2339:
2336:
2333:
2330:
2327:
2324:
2321:
2318:
2315:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2294:
2291:
2288:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2276:
2273:
2270:
2267:
2264:
2261:
2258:
2255:
2252:
2249:
2246:
2243:
2240:
2237:
2234:
2231:
2228:
2225:
2218:
2200:
2199:
2196:
2193:
2190:
2187:
2184:
2181:
2178:
2175:
2172:
2169:
2166:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2154:
2151:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2076:
2073:
2070:
2067:
2064:
2061:
2058:
2055:
2052:
2049:
2046:
2043:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2031:
2028:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2016:
2013:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2001:
1998:
1995:
1992:
1989:
1986:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1953:
1950:
1947:
1944:
1941:
1938:
1935:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1914:
1911:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1875:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1857:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1842:
1839:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1827:
1824:
1821:
1818:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1803:
1800:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1788:
1785:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1773:
1770:
1767:
1759:
1758:
1755:
1752:
1749:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1693:'Frodo'
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1654:// Freeda Baggs
1653:
1650:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1620:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1590:
1587:
1584:
1581:
1578:
1575:
1572:
1570:'Baggs'
1569:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1521:
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1482:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1470:
1467:
1464:
1461:
1458:
1455:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1431:
1428:
1425:
1422:
1419:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1365:
1362:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1335:
1332:
1329:
1326:
1323:
1320:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1308:
1305:
1302:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1242:
1239:
1236:
1233:
1230:
1227:
1224:
1201:
1195:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1168:
1165:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1114:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1078:
1075:
1072:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1051:
1048:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1036:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1009:
1006:
1003:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
977:
973:
970:
954:
950:
946:
938:
935:
934:
931:
928:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
903:
899:
895:
891:
879:
875:
871:
864:
859:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
840:
837:
834:
827:
823:
822:and the method
819:
815:
811:
808:bordered-button
807:
804:
803:
800:
797:
794:
791:
788:
785:
782:
779:
772:
768:
764:
761:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
743:bordered-button
742:
739:
736:
729:
725:
722:bordered-button
721:
719:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
682:
681:
678:
675:
672:
669:
666:
659:
656:
655:
652:
649:
646:
643:
640:
637:
634:
631:
628:
625:
622:
619:
616:
613:
610:
607:
604:
601:
594:
591:
590:
587:
584:
581:
578:
575:
572:
569:
566:
563:
556:
554:
553:
550:
547:
544:
541:
538:
535:
532:
529:
526:
523:
516:
512:
504:
499:
341:default methods
298:(with Curl RTE)
279:default methods
258:
246:
242:
239:bordered-button
238:
233:
226:
222:
218:
214:
206:
202:
198:
170:
168:Implementations
147:
116:
87:
67:diamond problem
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3807:
3797:
3796:
3782:
3781:
3771:
3762:
3754:
3753:External links
3751:
3749:
3748:
3734:
3720:
3696:
3671:
3646:
3621:
3597:
3586:
3572:
3547:
3533:
3509:
3485:
3460:
3438:
3424:
3396:
3371:
3354:
3329:
3315:
3312:. 8 July 2015.
3301:
3277:
3263:
3241:
3213:
3186:
3162:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3127:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3104:
3101:
3058:NetworkManager
2963:
2957:
2954:
2759:
2741:
2738:
2701://more methods
2666:
2661:anonymous type
2613:
2575://more methods
2540:
2533:
2530:
2491:
2488:
2458:
2455:
2224:
1807:'Rome'
1766:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1194:
1191:
990:
969:
966:
951:ThreadingMixIn
939:ThreadingMixIn
920:ThreadingMixIn
909:
904:ThreadingMixIn
896:ThreadingMixIn
863:
860:
833:
826:for the class
818:for the class
778:
771:for the class
735:
687:
665:
600:
562:
522:
503:
502:In Common Lisp
500:
498:
495:
479:
478:
473:
463:
449:
444:
439:
434:
429:
424:
419:
414:
409:
399:
394:
384:
374:
369:
364:
359:
354:
349:
344:
343:of interfaces)
334:
328:
323:
318:
313:
299:
293:
287:
282:
281:of interfaces)
272:
257:
254:
169:
166:
165:
164:
161:
155:
146:
143:
115:
112:
86:
83:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3806:
3795:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3779:
3775:
3772:
3770:
3766:
3763:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3744:
3738:
3730:
3724:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3686:
3682:
3675:
3661:
3657:
3650:
3636:on 2020-04-13
3635:
3631:
3625:
3611:
3607:
3601:
3595:
3590:
3582:
3576:
3562:on 2015-09-21
3561:
3557:
3551:
3543:
3537:
3523:
3522:hg.python.org
3519:
3513:
3499:
3495:
3489:
3474:
3470:
3464:
3449:
3442:
3434:
3428:
3421:
3420:
3407:
3400:
3386:
3382:
3379:Bill Wagner.
3375:
3364:
3358:
3344:on 2015-09-25
3343:
3339:
3333:
3325:
3319:
3311:
3305:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3266:
3264:9783540614395
3260:
3256:
3252:
3245:
3231:on 2006-09-04
3230:
3226:
3220:
3218:
3203:
3199:
3193:
3191:
3176:
3169:
3167:
3152:
3148:
3142:
3140:
3135:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3109:Abstract type
3107:
3106:
2961:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2747:
2728:singingPerson
2710:singingPerson
2664:
2662:
2611:
2596:
2538:
2529:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2487:
2464:
2222:
2215:
2213:
2208:
2207:
2206:
1764:
1763:
1627:// Sam Loawry
1534:'Sam'
1221:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1205:
1193:In JavaScript
1007:attr_accessor
988:
985:
983:
965:
962:
960:
944:
907:
889:
885:
869:
847:make-instance
831:
792:make-instance
776:
733:
685:
663:
598:
560:
520:
510:
508:
494:
492:
487:
485:
477:
474:
471:
467:
464:
461:
457:
453:
450:
448:
447:SystemVerilog
445:
443:
440:
438:
435:
433:
430:
428:
425:
423:
420:
418:
415:
413:
410:
407:
403:
400:
398:
395:
392:
388:
385:
382:
378:
375:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
348:
345:
342:
338:
335:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
319:
317:
314:
311:
307:
303:
300:
297:
294:
291:
288:
286:
283:
280:
276:
273:
270:
267:
266:
265:
263:
253:
250:
230:
195:
193:
189:
184:
182:
177:
175:
162:
159:
156:
153:
149:
148:
142:
140:
136:
132:
127:
125:
121:
111:
109:
104:
100:
96:
92:
82:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
59:
56:
52:
48:
44:
37:
36:Mixin Network
33:
19:
3769:ActionScript
3737:
3723:
3712:. Retrieved
3708:
3699:
3688:. Retrieved
3684:
3674:
3663:. Retrieved
3659:
3649:
3638:. Retrieved
3634:the original
3624:
3613:. Retrieved
3609:
3600:
3589:
3575:
3564:. Retrieved
3560:the original
3550:
3536:
3525:. Retrieved
3521:
3512:
3501:. Retrieved
3497:
3488:
3476:. Retrieved
3463:
3452:. Retrieved
3441:
3427:
3418:
3416:
3410:. Retrieved
3399:
3388:. Retrieved
3384:
3374:
3357:
3346:. Retrieved
3342:the original
3332:
3318:
3304:
3293:. Retrieved
3289:
3280:
3268:. Retrieved
3254:
3244:
3233:. Retrieved
3229:the original
3205:. Retrieved
3201:
3178:. Retrieved
3154:. Retrieved
3150:
2959:
2745:
2743:
2658:
2597:
2594:
2535:
2512:
2497:
2493:
2460:
2216:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2191:as of today`
2170:`His age is
1870:was born in
1761:
1760:
1219:
1208:
1199:
1197:
1196:
986:
971:
963:
955:ForkingMixIn
936:
906:as follows:
892:ForkingMixIn
878:class and a
872:SocketServer
865:
841:object-width
828:border-mixin
824:object-width
816:object-width
812:object-width
805:
786:object-width
769:object-width
765:object-width
762:
749:border-mixin
726:border-mixin
720:
707:border-mixin
695:object-width
683:
673:border-mixin
660:border-mixin
657:
608:object-width
592:
555:
530:object-width
513:object-width
511:
505:
488:
480:
340:
278:
259:
251:
231:
196:
185:
178:
171:
128:
117:
88:
60:
50:
46:
40:
3290:wiki.c2.com
1978:getFullYear
1942:getFullYear
1336:' '
795:'button
507:Common Lisp
262:Common Lisp
139:inheritance
135:child class
3714:2023-05-23
3690:2023-05-23
3665:2023-05-23
3640:2023-05-23
3615:2023-05-23
3566:2015-09-16
3527:2023-05-23
3503:2023-05-23
3454:2022-03-29
3412:2012-05-15
3390:2022-04-18
3348:2015-09-16
3295:2023-05-23
3270:17 January
3235:2023-05-23
3207:2023-05-23
3180:2023-05-23
3156:2023-05-23
3131:References
2514:ECMAScript
2212:Delegation
2005:// Mixin 2
1825:// Mixin 1
1022:initialize
1001:Comparable
810:. Calling
644:slot-value
527:defgeneric
466:TypeScript
290:ColdFusion
145:Advantages
114:Definition
63:code reuse
2998:extension
2654:Performer
2467:ControlUI
2403:prototype
1591:prototype
1384:firstName
1330:firstName
1267:firstName
1085:<=>
1070:<=>
987:Example:
982:parameter
926:TCPServer
902:with the
900:TCPServer
880:TCPServer
876:UDPServer
862:In Python
692:defmethod
650:'text
605:defmethod
582::initform
437:Smalltalk
379:(through
91:Symbolics
71:interface
3788:Category
3450:. LexiFi
3286:"Mix In"
3103:See also
2965:protocol
2956:In Swift
2935:println!
2905:println!
2851:println!
2797:println!
2750:generics
2532:In Scala
2319:function
2295:function
2268:function
2247:function
2149:toString
2020:toString
1840:toString
1750:fullName
1723:fullName
1648:fullName
1621:fullName
1585:Halfling
1558:Halfling
1528:Halfling
1402:lastName
1348:lastName
1312:fullName
1285:lastName
1240:function
1234:Halfling
1204:Approach
740:defclass
670:defclass
567:defclass
497:Examples
304:(called
131:subclass
3660:DrehtĂĽr
3073:onError
3043:message
3016:message
2983:message
2740:In Rust
2686:println
2645:extends
2627:extends
2604:extends
2600:extends
2587:extends
2560:println
2461:In the
2158:console
2131:console
1732:console
1705:console
1630:console
1603:console
1480:forEach
1142:Student
1112:Student
998:include
995:Student
978:include
974:Modules
968:In Ruby
310:"mixin"
227::around
219::before
215::around
207::around
199::before
181:Flavors
95:Flavors
85:History
75:methods
53:) is a
3765:Mixins
3709:GitHub
3478:16 May
3419:Mixins
3261:
3055:struct
3022:String
2989:String
2869:struct
2815:struct
2746:traits
2725:Singer
2719:Person
2671:Person
2648:Singer
2636:Singer
2630:Person
2618:Person
2590:Singer
2545:Singer
2316:return
2304:return
2277:return
2219:extend
2107:assign
2101:Object
2029:return
1984:return
1849:return
1687:rename
1663:rename
1579:extend
1504:return
1462:Object
1435:extend
1414:return
1357:rename
1321:return
1202:extend
1187:#false
1082:@score
1049:@score
1016::score
959:forked
943:thread
868:Python
820:button
773:button
752:button
730:button
704:object
647:object
638:length
620:button
617:object
570:button
557:button
536:object
402:Racket
397:Python
391:traits
367:MATLAB
352:Kotlin
326:Groovy
321:Factor
243:border
223::after
203::after
174:Simula
108:mix-in
51:mix-in
32:Mix-in
18:Mixins
3759:MixIn
3366:(PDF)
3124:Trait
3082:error
3037:print
3034://...
3010:error
2977:error
2926:greet
2896:speak
2887:Robot
2881:Speak
2872:Robot
2842:speak
2827:Speak
2788:greet
2776:speak
2767:Speak
2764:trait
2668:class
2642:Actor
2639:class
2624:Actor
2621:class
2615:class
2581:class
2542:trait
2526:apply
2518:Trait
2430:first
2412:const
2397:Array
2376:}());
2343:first
2337:first
2262:first
2259:const
2235:const
2008:const
1948:const
1924:const
1828:const
1777:const
1744:frodo
1681:frodo
1642:frodo
1597:mixin
1549:frodo
1546:const
1516:const
1498:mixin
1489:=>
1474:mixin
1456:=>
1450:mixin
1432:const
1390:first
1363:first
1303:mixin
1300:const
1291:lName
1273:fName
1252:lName
1246:fName
1231:const
1181:<=
1175:#true
1094:score
1088:other
1076:other
1055:score
1040:@name
1034:score
1010::name
992:class
911:class
456:TclOO
452:XOTcl
442:Swift
432:Scala
381:roles
372:OCaml
362:Magik
285:Cobra
120:class
55:class
47:mixin
3480:2014
3272:2014
3259:ISBN
3070:func
3007:func
2974:func
2878:impl
2824:impl
2752:and
2734:sing
2722:with
2680:tell
2651:with
2633:with
2608:with
2584:Bird
2554:sing
2522:call
2481:and
2463:Curl
2451:// 3
2445:last
2436:// 1
2391:call
2364:last
2358:last
2352:this
2331:this
2307:this
2289:last
2280:this
2176:obj1
2152:());
2143:obj1
2125:mix2
2119:mix1
2113:obj1
2080:born
2074:this
2062:city
2056:this
2044:name
2038:this
2011:mix2
1993:born
1987:year
1972:born
1966:this
1960:Date
1951:born
1936:Date
1927:year
1900:born
1894:this
1882:city
1876:this
1864:name
1858:this
1831:mix1
1813:born
1801:city
1789:name
1780:obj1
1753:());
1726:());
1651:());
1624:());
1468:keys
1417:this
1408:last
1396:this
1378:this
1369:last
1342:this
1324:this
1279:this
1261:this
1198:The
1169:>
1046:name
1028:name
937:the
932:pass
894:and
886:and
728:and
653:))))
579:text
476:Vala
422:Rust
417:Ruby
412:Raku
389:'s "
377:Perl
357:Less
337:Java
316:Dart
296:Curl
225:and
201:and
188:CLOS
49:(or
45:, a
3776:by
3767:in
2884:for
2833:Dog
2830:for
2818:Dog
2779:();
2716:new
2707:val
2677:def
2598:As
2551:def
2524:or
2448:();
2433:();
2182:age
2173:$ {
2164:log
2137:log
2071:$ {
2053:$ {
2035:$ {
1981:();
1957:new
1945:();
1939:().
1933:new
1915:age
1891:$ {
1888:in
1873:$ {
1855:$ {
1738:log
1717:sam
1711:log
1657:sam
1636:log
1615:sam
1609:log
1555:new
1525:new
1519:sam
1507:obj
1492:obj
1486:key
1444:obj
1148:new
1130:100
1118:new
1103:end
1097:end
1067:def
1058:end
1019:def
888:TCP
884:UDP
866:In
758:())
679:())
588:)))
460:Tcl
387:PHP
269:Ada
179:In
172:In
41:In
3790::
3707:.
3683:.
3658:.
3608:.
3520:.
3496:.
3471:.
3415:.
3383:.
3288:.
3216:^
3200:.
3189:^
3165:^
3149:.
3138:^
3076:()
2929:()
2923:fn
2914:);
2899:()
2893:fn
2860:);
2845:()
2839:fn
2791:()
2785:fn
2773:fn
2610:.
2506:,
2477:,
2406:);
2373:};
2322:()
2313:};
2298:()
2286:},
2271:()
2250:()
2221:.
2214:.
2194:);
2185:()
2128:);
2095:};
2068:-
2050:-
2023:()
2002:};
1975:).
1918:()
1912:},
1843:()
1822:};
1702:);
1678:);
1600:);
1573:);
1543:);
1513:};
1501:);
1477:).
1426:};
1354:},
1315:()
1297:};
1184:s2
1178:s1
1172:s2
1166:s1
1160:90
1136:s2
1106:s1
984:.
929:):
856:84
853:))
830:.
801:80
798:))
775:.
732:.
710:))
701:((
676:()
658:A
632:10
623:))
614:((
576:((
573:()
551:))
331:Go
275:C#
221:,
81:.
3745:.
3717:.
3693:.
3668:.
3643:.
3618:.
3583:.
3569:.
3544:.
3530:.
3506:.
3482:.
3457:.
3435:.
3393:.
3368:.
3351:.
3326:.
3298:.
3274:.
3238:.
3210:.
3183:.
3159:.
3097:}
3094:}
3091:)
3085:(
3079:{
3067:{
3061::
3052:}
3049:}
3046:)
3040:(
3028:{
3025:)
3019::
3013:(
3004:{
2995:}
2992:)
2986::
2980:(
2971:{
2950:}
2947:}
2944:)
2938:(
2932:{
2917:}
2908:(
2902:{
2890:{
2875:;
2866:}
2863:}
2854:(
2848:{
2836:{
2821:;
2812:}
2809:}
2806:)
2800:(
2794:{
2770:{
2731:.
2713:=
2704:}
2698:}
2695:)
2689:(
2683:{
2674:{
2578:}
2572:}
2569:)
2563:(
2557:{
2548:{
2442:.
2439:a
2427:.
2424:a
2421:;
2418:=
2415:a
2400:.
2394:(
2388:.
2367:;
2361:=
2355:.
2346:;
2340:=
2334:.
2325:{
2310:;
2301:{
2292:=
2283:;
2274:{
2265:=
2253:{
2244:(
2241:=
2229:;
2188:}
2179:.
2167:(
2161:.
2146:.
2140:(
2134:.
2122:,
2116:,
2110:(
2104:.
2092:}
2089:;
2086:`
2083:}
2077:.
2065:}
2059:.
2047:}
2041:.
2032:`
2026:{
2017:{
2014:=
1999:}
1996:;
1990:-
1969:.
1963:(
1954:=
1930:=
1921:{
1909:;
1906:`
1903:}
1897:.
1885:}
1879:.
1867:}
1861:.
1852:`
1846:{
1837:{
1834:=
1816::
1810:,
1804::
1798:,
1792::
1786:{
1783:=
1771:;
1747:.
1741:(
1735:.
1720:.
1714:(
1708:.
1696:,
1690:(
1684:.
1672:,
1666:(
1660:.
1645:.
1639:(
1633:.
1618:.
1612:(
1606:.
1594:,
1588:.
1582:(
1567:,
1561:(
1552:=
1537:,
1531:(
1522:=
1510:;
1495:=
1483:(
1471:(
1465:.
1459:{
1453:)
1447:,
1441:(
1438:=
1423:}
1420:;
1411:;
1405:=
1399:.
1393:;
1387:=
1381:.
1375:{
1372:)
1366:,
1360:(
1351:;
1345:.
1339:+
1333:+
1327:.
1318:{
1309:{
1306:=
1294:;
1288:=
1282:.
1276:;
1270:=
1264:.
1258:{
1255:)
1249:,
1243:(
1237:=
1228:;
1163:)
1157:,
1151:(
1145:.
1139:=
1133:)
1127:,
1121:(
1115:.
1109:=
1091:.
1079:)
1073:(
1052:=
1043:=
1037:)
1031:,
1025:(
1013:,
923:,
917:(
844:(
838:(
835:?
789:(
783:(
780:?
755:)
746:(
737:(
716:)
713:4
698:+
689:(
667:(
641:(
635:(
629:*
626:(
611:+
602:(
595:+
564:(
548:+
542:(
539:)
533:(
524:(
517:+
472:)
468:(
462:)
454:/
408:)
404:(
393:"
302:D
247:+
234:+
106:"
38:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.