80:
1573:
1511:
33:
1045:
958:
49:
583:
782:. … Mudflap capability as directed by the Secretary of Defense in April 1962. … The missile and space surveillance and warning system currently consists of five systems and a space computational center located in the NORAD Cheyenne Mountain complex. The five systems are: the Ballistic Missile Early Warning System; the
1140:
For more than 30 years, the crews operating the missile warning center advanced warning of incoming ballistic missiles. … the missile operations section, which supports the missile warning center. … once we had our first couple of Scud detections and interceptions under our belt, we felt a lot more
505:
undergoing a $ 450 million upgrade program as part of
Cheyenne Mountain's $ 1.7 billion renovation package." At Cheyenne Mountain on September 11, 2001, Major Richard J. Hughes was the Missile Warning Center Commander and the Chief of the J7 Exercise Branch. In 2003, construction began for a new
936:
The Space and
Missile Warning System Operations Working Group, for example, reported to the larger group that significant differences existed between the number of personnel required in those specialities and the number currently available. … between 1 July and October SAC would acquire space
867:– The 425L Command/Control and Missile Warning system uses a Philco 212 computer in conjunction with two Univac 1218 processors and the Display Information Processor, a custom built unit provided by RCA. In addition, another Philco 212 computer acts as an on-line backup for this system.
1172:(SWSC) … at Cheyenne Mountain, Colorado, maintains and modifies C2 systems…comprised of 26 stovepipe systems, 12 million lines-of-code, 24 different languages, 34 separate operating systems, and numerous proprietary hardware and software components
1405:
home to the only
Department of Defense lab that's underground … $ 1.8 billion underground complex with 1,100 personnel … the only Priority Level 1 Combined Joint Air Force Operational Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance Facility in the
144:
The
Missile Warning Center coordinates, plans, and executes worldwide missile, nuclear detonation, and space re-entry event detection to provide timely, accurate, and unambiguous strategic warning in support of the United States and Canada.
328:
1272:
operates Joint
Tactical Ground Stations providing early warning of missile launches worldwide to deployed U.S. forces. The five JTAGS systems are operated by joint Army/Navy crews and are a part of U.S. Strategic Command's
224:
467:
395:(NCS) H6080 for command and control and for missile warning functions (2nd for space surveillance and 3rd as backup for both). Circa 1986, the "missile and space surveillance and warning system" consisted of a
264:
887:
computers which can also serve as backup processors for the 496L system and the
Automatic Digital Relay Switch, if necessary. … The NCS segment will replace the 425L Command and Control system including the
774:, in the mid-Pacific, using a Thor, IRBM. The project was designated the 437 SIS (Satellite Intercept System). The Thor was to be launched using satellite ephemeris data and launching data generated in the
332:
1208:
The centers are the Air
Warning Center, Missile Correlation Center, Domestic Warning Center, Space Control Center, Operational Intelligence Watch, Systems Center, Weather Center, and the Command Center.
786:(DSP) formerly called Project 647; the Forward Scatter over the Horizon Radar (440L system); the Sea-Launched Ballistic Missile Warning System; and the Space Detection and Warning System. … 20 April
570:.) In May 2010, USSTRATCOM decided to keep its missile warning center at Cheyenne Mountain, which had begun a $ 2.9 million renovation in January 2010 (a temporary MWOC facility had to be set up.)
376:
244:
180:, has the same national priority as the ballistic missile and satellite programs and is being placed on the Department of Defense master urgency list." The subsequent plan by June 1958 for a US
1264:
the only missile warning sensor number and types of missiles in a raid, and the earliest and next impact times for locations in the continental U.S. …to the MCC … JSpOC at
Cheyenne Mountain …
371:
to replace the 425L System.) After SAC assumed control of ballistic missile warning and space surveillance facilities on
December 1, 1979, the MWC was in the same room as HQ NORAD/ADCOM J31's
232:
336:
442:
240:
1169:
487:
1199:
1269:
165:
299:. By December 15, 1964, NORAD had an implementation plan for a "Single Integrated Space Defense Center" for NORAD/CONAD to centralize both missile warning and space surveillance.
1032:
real-time receipt, processing, display and output of missile warning data, nuclear detonation reporting, atmospheric surveillance and warning, and weapons and sensor system status
779:
360:
550:
and STRATCOM's facility in
Cheyenne Mountain ("Missile Warning Operations Center" in 2007.) USSTRATCOM announced a 2007 plan to relocate the MWOC from Cheyenne Mountain to
396:
292:
526:
were in Cheyenne Mountain by March 4, 2005 when Patrick Mullin was the commander of the MCC, which by 2006 was receiving input from five Joint Tactical Ground Stations.
372:
388:
228:
973:
1677:
1274:
834:
770:
program was assigned the satellite intercept mission, the Secretary of Defense directed the Air Force to achieve a similar capability from their installation on
1063:(minutes of "hearings before a subcommittee of the Committee on Government Operations, House of Representatives, Ninety-seventh Congress; May 19 and 20, 1981")
1500:
717:
255:. DIPs presented impact ellipses and drove a "threat summary display" with a count of incoming missiles and a countdown of "Minutes Until First Impact" (
1452:
The $ 2.9 million project, funded by USSTRATCOM, began in January 2010 and was completed June 30, 2011. A ribbon cutting for the new MWC was held Aug. 5.
1687:
1667:
900:
computers currently used for Communications Multiplexors and Inter-computer Processors for the HIS 6050s could be used to perform the 6050 functions
1339:
1013:
878:
384:
1343:
635:
423:
1153:
893:
889:
872:
416:
154:
1203:
837:, NPSD-C, " (U) NORAD/ADC Planning for Single Integrated Space Defense Center 20 May 1965 (cited by 1966 Jan–Jul NORAD Historical Summary)
316:
1352:
339:'s surveillance capability "became dedicated to search for SLBMs" (the FPS-85 relayed SLBM data via the 474N network for SLBM warning to "
208:
17:
897:
666:
348:
825:
ADC to NORAD, "(U) NORAD Space Defense Center Implementation Plan," 15 Dec 1964 (cited by NORAD Historical Summary, 1966 January–July)
1543:
1493:
1066:
510:—the "new Missile Correlation Center" (MCC) was to have new consoles, mission system connectivity and communications capabilities.
211:(CC&DF) built as an austere facility instead of the planned AICBM control center became operational on September 30, 1960, at
1017:
1682:
1611:
1528:
737:
403:
129:
83:
133:
93:
1456:
896:
presently used in the Command Center Processing system will be used for a Mission Essential Back-up Capability (MEBU) … The
1486:
1440:
590:
985:
452:
272:
268:
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1555:
1183:
177:
1593:
1587:
1311:
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344:
320:
252:
1548:
364:
1468:
507:
471:
308:
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535:
502:
892:, the 425L Back-up system, the Command Center Processing system, and the Display Information Processor. The
689:
196:
1393:
1514:
491:
380:
324:
125:
195:. On 19 October 1959, HQ USAF assigned ADC the "planning responsibility" for eventual operation of the
284:
1256:
1265:
567:
459:
1425:
1296:
811:
642:
458:
By 1981 Cheyenne Mountain was providing 6,700 messages per hour compiled via sensor inputs from the
1160:
1639:
783:
563:
495:
408:
1059:
917:
594:
79:
1349:
789:
The 425L system portion of the NORAD Cheyenne Mountain Complex (NCMC) became fully operational.
391:(CPS) handled missile warning/space surveillance with three Honeywell H6080 computers, e.g., a
192:
1369:
Full Costs and Security Implications of Cheyenne Mountain Realignment Have Not Been Determined
1098:
751:
1412:
1283:
392:
368:
340:
925:
Declassified US Government Internal Documents on Military Research and Arming of the Heavens
1644:
775:
559:
543:
523:
427:
296:
181:
1510:
315:, the integrated missile warning/space surveillance facility (496L Spacetrack system with
8:
1634:
1617:
853:"NORAD's Information Processing Improvement Program: Will It Enhance Mission Capability?"
185:
173:
168:
156 was issued on November 7, 1957 (BMEWS was "designed to go with the active portion of
1060:
Failures of the North American Aerospace Defense Command's (NORAD) attack warning system
1599:
1333:
1006:
796:
746:
188:(ADC) was for it to be "the heart of the entire ballistic missile defense system" with
157:
for the United States, the Soviet Union announced that they had successfully tested an
679:
USAF memo to Air Defense Command cited in 1958 NORAD/CONAD Historical Summary, Jan–Jun
1102:
1091:
977:
660:
32:
1244:
1184:
http://www.wright.edu/academics/prog/rotc/includes/biographies/Lt%20Col%20Hughes.pdf
875:
computer and provides all Commanders-In- Chief with simultaneous situation displays.
1478:
976:(Report). Champaign, IL: U.S. Army Construction Engineering Research Laboratories.
974:
Searching the Skies: The Legacy of the United States Cold War Defense Radar Program
948:
Jane's Radar and Electronic Systems, 6th edition, Bernard Blake, ed. (1994), p. 31
276:
1605:
1356:
869:– The 496L Spacetrack system uses a Philco 212 computer as its primary processor.
771:
435:
132:, incorporating both space-based and terrestrial sensors. The MWC is located at
176:(ADC) that BMEWS was an "all-out program" and the "system has been directed by
169:
924:
1661:
1093:
The Closed World: Computers and the Politics of Discourse in Cold War America
551:
412:
1221:
904:
852:
547:
483:
248:
220:
1368:
367:
ended and in early 1972, the 427M improvement program was planned; e.g., (
884:
881:
computers to process intelligence data for the Commander-In-Chief, NORAD.
739:
History of Strategic and Ballistic Missile Defense: Volume II: 1956–1972
463:
767:
475:
446:
431:
260:
189:
18:
the alternate missile warning center at the Offutt AFB nuclear bunker
539:
479:
482:, the missile operations section that supported the MWC processed
212:
981:
441:"Sea-Launched Ballistic Missile Warning System" (remaining 474N
335:
began in July 1970 (IOC was 5 May 1972), and in 1972 20% of the
124:(MWC) is a center that provides missile warning and defense for
1310:
Raymond, Jay (Colonel, 21st SW Commander) (December 13, 2007).
422:"OTH Forward Scatter Missile Detection System" (440L System of
288:
275:(i.e., NORAD began aerospace operations). In 1962 the Army's
1077:
at Norad is the establishment of a Systems Integration Office
486:
detections and interceptions for theater warning units. The
379:" was the general term for the entire network applied by the
375:(separated by partitions.) The "NORAD Missile Warning and
236:
216:
162:
1441:"Cheyenne Mountain unveils renovated Missile Warning Center"
243:(DIPs) at the NORAD/CONAD command center (also on Ent AFB),
498:, and the Space Computational Center was replaced in 1992.
158:
918:"Chapter I: Mission, Command, Organization, and Resources"
555:
329:
Burroughs 425L Command/Control and Missile Warning System
256:
199:
to detect ICBM launches with infrared sensors in space.
331:—had been on July 1, 1966.) Interim operations of the
223:
became operational. Site J's computers (e.g., in the
1134:
Orban, SSgt. Brian (February 1995). "The trip wire".
1046:
North American Air Defense Command Historical Summary
959:
North American Air Defense Command Historical Summary
1508:
1007:
Modernization of the WWMCCS Information System (WIS)
529:
327:
of the new bunker's command center—a portion of the
271:
Center became operational at Ent AFB" with the 496L
1312:"Commander visits Space Warning Squadrons at Clear"
1222:"Modernized Command Center Supports Expanded Focus"
1090:
359:The NORAD/CONAD Missile Warning Center came under
263:.) In July 1961 separate from the CC&DF, the
1245:https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0956911/fullcredits/
877:– The Intelligence Data Handling system uses two
501:In February 1995, "the missile warning center at
462:, BMEWS, the SLBM "Detection and Warning System,
1659:
1016:, US House of Representatives. 19 January 1981.
972:Winkler, David F; Webster, Julie L (June 1997).
428:AN/FRT-80 transmitters & AN/FSQ-76 receivers
1678:Space units and formations of the United States
1394:"U.S. Strategic Command re-ups at Cheyenne Mtn"
1200:"New Command Center Opens at Cheyenne Mountain"
690:"NORAD Center Located At Colorado Springs Site"
506:command center at Cheyenne Mountain to include
225:Sylvania AN/FSQ-28 Missile Impact Predictor Set
971:
871:– The Command Center Processing system uses a
172:") and on February 4, 1958; the USAF informed
1494:
513:
311:on February 6, 1967, moved operations to the
1338:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1129:
1127:
302:
1443:. Colorado Springs Military Newspaper Group
731:
729:
727:
333:Avco 474N SLBM Detection and Warning System
209:BMEWS Central Computer and Display Facility
1501:
1487:
1391:
1342:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
883:– The off-line utility processors are two
735:
354:
31:
1688:Centers of the U.S. Department of Defense
1668:Military units and formations in Colorado
1544:Joint Overhead Persistent Infrared Center
1457:released by the Air Force Space Command")
1154:"SWSC Domain Engineering Lessons-Learned"
1124:
858:. Comptroller General. September 21, 1978
847:
845:
843:
202:
1618:Joint Force Headquarters-Cyber Air Force
1469:"Missile Warning Center changes command"
1219:
1193:
1191:
1067:United States Government Printing Office
724:
259:later large screen displays such as the
1438:
1432:
1309:
1088:
1082:
965:
937:surveillance and missile warning assets
231:' data, and alerts transferred via the
184:facility for anti-ICBM fire control by
1660:
1529:Combined Force Space Component Command
1350:an Air Force Print News Today webpage)
1220:Coughlin, Capt. James (October 2005).
1138:. Air Force Space Command. p. 6.
1023:from the original on December 24, 2013
840:
718:"The Age - Google News Archive Search"
665:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
490:maintained "26 stovepipe systems" for
404:Ballistic Missile Early Warning System
130:Combined Force Space Component Command
84:Combined Force Space Component Command
1482:
1197:
1188:
1133:
566:was moving from Cheyenne Mountain to
134:Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station
94:Cheyenne Mountain Space Force Station
577:
573:
265:surveillance center in New Hampshire
233:BMEWS Rearward Communications System
1396:. Colorado Springs Business Journal
337:Bendix AN/FPS-85 Phased Array Radar
273:Space Detection and Tracking System
13:
1612:United States Space Forces – Space
910:
617:Capt Jermaine Brooms, 28 June 2024
538:divided MCC operations into NORAD/
453:Space Detection and Warning System
295:which would use orbit data from a
287:" conducted a test), and the 1962
241:RCA Display Information Processors
37:Seal of the Missile Warning Center
14:
1699:
1628:Former service component commands
1594:Marine Corps Forces Space Command
1588:Space and Missile Defense Command
1392:Gillentine, Amy (July 10, 2010).
530:Missile Warning Operations Center
291:assigned the USAF to develop the
239:attack assessment and warning to
1571:
1534:Combined Space Operations Center
1509:
1439:Johnson, Lea (August 16, 2011).
1198:Allen, Beverly (March 4, 2005).
1170:Space and Warning Systems Center
581:
488:Space and Warning Systems Center
345:National Military Command Center
321:Cheyenne Mountain nuclear bunker
285:Program 505's "Operation Mudflap
253:National Military Command Center
155:computerized air defense network
78:
47:
1549:Joint Navigation Warfare Center
1461:
1385:
1372:(Summary of 13 page GAO report)
1361:
1303:
1270:Theater Missile Warning Company
1249:
1238:
1213:
1177:
1146:
1052:
1038:
999:
951:
942:
365:Continental Air Defense Command
245:SAC's Offutt AFB nuclear bunker
166:General Operational Requirement
1556:Joint Task Force–Space Defense
828:
819:
780:NORAD Combat Operations Center
710:
699:. November 26, 1964. p. 3
682:
673:
628:
508:Ground-Based Midcourse Defense
313:Group III Space Defense Center
1:
1683:United States warning systems
1561:National Space Defense Center
905:document resume is available.
816:(the GAO report says July 1.)
766:About the same time that the
621:
536:Cheyenne Mountain Realignment
267:"was discontinued as the new
197:Missile Defense Alarm System
7:
1515:United States Space Command
921:(Archive.org transcription)
126:United States Space Command
70:Missile warning and defense
10:
1704:
1581:Service component commands
1257:"Base Guide: Peterson AFB"
736:Leonard, Barry (c. 1986).
520:Missile Correlation Center
514:Missile Correlation Center
415:, ground systems, etc. of
397:space computational center
319:primary processor) at the
293:Satellite Intercept System
148:
139:
15:
1673:Cheyenne Mountain Complex
1627:
1580:
1569:
1522:Subordinate organizations
1521:
752:available at Google Books
460:Joint Surveillance System
377:Space Surveillance System
373:Space Surveillance Center
363:in 1975 when the unified
303:1967 Space Defense Center
279:program was assigned the
153:During deployment of the
105:
100:
89:
74:
66:
58:
42:
30:
25:
1089:Edwards, Paul N (1997).
1014:Armed Services Committee
544:Missile and Space Domain
434:Correlation Center, and
385:Armed Services Committee
229:RCA AN/FPS-50 Radar Sets
16:Not to be confused with
1640:Air Force Space Command
784:Defense Support Program
409:Defense Support Program
389:Core Processing Segment
355:1975 NORAD/ADCOM center
351:over BMEWS circuits").
1539:Missile Warning Center
1420:Cite journal requires
1374:(Report). May 21, 2007
1291:Cite journal requires
399:and 5 sensor systems:
203:1960 Ent AFB CC&DF
122:Missile Warning Center
62:Missile warning center
26:Missile Warning Center
1275:Tactical Event System
1097:. MIT Press. p.
750:(Army.mil PDF – also
693:(Google News archive)
393:NORAD Computer System
369:NORAD Computer System
235:to the CC&DF for
1645:Fourteenth Air Force
1206:on August 10, 2014.
856:(Report to Congress)
776:Space Defense Center
595:adding missing items
560:Space Control Center
524:Space Control Center
503:Cheyenne Mountain AS
478:". During the 1991
297:Space Defense Center
182:Zone of the Interior
111:Capt Jermaine Brooms
1635:Naval Space Command
1348:(also available at
988:on December 1, 2012
697:The Othello Outlook
445:, AN/FPS-85, and 2
426:with international
361:NORAD/ADCOM control
283:intercept mission (
186:Air Defense Command
174:Air Defense Command
1600:Navy Space Command
1355:2014-08-12 at the
593:; you can help by
438:processing center)
1655:
1654:
804:External link in
611:
610:
574:List of directors
170:the WIZARD system
115:
114:
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1202:. Archived from
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1159:. Archived from
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984:. Archived from
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641:. Archived from
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614:Capt Gervy Alota
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443:Fuzzy-7 radar(s)
277:LIM-49 Nike Zeus
96:, Colorado, U.S.
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1357:Wayback Machine
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1268:at Offut … The
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1166:on 2015-09-24.
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636:"Archived copy"
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1319:Space Observer
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879:Honeywell 6060
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349:Alternate NMCC
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552:Schriever AFB
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178:the President
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54:United States
45:
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1445:. Retrieved
1434:
1413:cite journal
1404:
1398:. Retrieved
1387:
1376:. Retrieved
1363:
1323:. Retrieved
1318:
1305:
1284:cite journal
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1251:
1240:
1229:. Retrieved
1225:
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1161:the original
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1135:
1118:
1112:. Retrieved
1092:
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650:. Retrieved
643:the original
630:
599:
548:Peterson AFB
533:
519:
517:
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484:SCUD missile
457:
424:Program 673A
358:
312:
306:
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249:The Pentagon
221:Thule Site J
206:
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90:Headquarters
75:Part of
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894:Univac 1106
885:Philco 1000
873:Univac 1106
534:The 2006–8
470:as well as
417:Project 647
1662:Categories
1602:(maritime)
1447:2012-10-02
1400:2014-06-22
1378:2014-06-23
1325:2014-04-16
1231:2014-06-23
1141:confident.
1114:2014-05-14
1072:2013-01-23
1065:(Report).
1027:2012-08-29
1012:(Report).
992:2013-04-23
931:2014-06-24
862:2013-01-24
760:2012-09-01
703:2014-03-09
652:2020-03-23
622:References
591:incomplete
568:Vandenberg
522:(MCC) and
492:USSPACECOM
464:COBRA DANE
347:, and the
317:Philco 212
101:Commanders
1334:cite news
1048:(Report).
961:(Report).
797:cite book
768:Nike Zeus
602:July 2024
476:PAVE PAWS
449:stations)
447:PAVE PAWS
432:Aviano AB
281:satellite
261:Iconorama
190:Nike Zeus
108:commander
1353:Archived
1262:. 2006.
1136:Guardian
1018:Archived
982:97020912
927:(Report)
898:NOVA 840
661:cite web
540:NORTHCOM
480:Gulf War
309:1st Aero
1620:(cyber)
1614:(space)
778:in the
381:House's
269:SPADATS
251:'s new
213:Ent AFB
149:History
140:Mission
106:Current
43:Country
1590:(land)
1406:world.
1226:Signal
1119:norad.
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562:which
466:, and
343:, the
289:SECDEF
247:, and
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1260:(PDF)
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743:(PDF)
646:(PDF)
639:(PDF)
564:AFSPC
496:AFSPC
468:PARCS
387:—the
383:1981
237:NORAD
217:BMEWS
215:when
163:BMEWS
1426:help
1344:link
1340:link
1297:help
1168:The
1103:ISBN
978:LCCN
812:help
667:link
558:the
518:The
474:and
472:SEWS
307:The
207:The
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159:ICBM
120:The
67:Role
59:Type
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