Minimum wage in the United States

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to agriculture, restaurants, nursing homes, and other services that were previously uncovered and where nearly a third of black workers were employed. We digitize over 1,000 hourly wage distributions from Bureau of Labor Statistics industry wage reports and use CPS microdata to investigate the effects of this reform on wages, employment, and racial inequality. Using a cross-industry difference-in-differences design, we show that earnings rose sharply for workers in the newly covered industries. The impact was nearly twice as large for black workers as for white workers. Within treated industries, the racial gap adjusted for observables fell from 25 log points prereform to 0 afterward. We can rule out significant disemployment effects for black workers. Using a bunching design, we find no aggregate effect of the reform on employment. The 1967 extension of the minimum wage can explain more than 20% of the reduction in the racial earnings and income gap during the civil rights era. Our findings shed new light on the dynamics of labor market inequality in the United States and suggest that minimum wage policy can play a critical role in reducing racial economic disparities.

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lose employment. The latter statistic, in CBO's estimation would rise over time in any wage increase scenario as capital allocation replaces some workers. Wage increases would be heavily skewed (40%) towards those already earning above the minimum wage with more than 80% of benefits accruing to more educated workers living above the poverty line (Table 5). The number of persons in poverty would be reduced by 1.3 million (assuming no tax implications from increased income). The CBO notes that it does not consider the inflationary effects of these policies when estimating the change in poverty level as these estimates, while increasing inflation, are uncertain. Additionally, the CBO assumed that the weight of benefits would accrue to those below the poverty level based on historical wage increase levels. They noted that data on the minimum wage tends to assume the opposite (that benefits accrue to those above the poverty level), but that that data was not definitive enough to allow for estimation in their work. Some aspects of the CBO study are summarized in the table below.

1544:'s minimum wage increases (from $ 9.50 to $ 11 in 2015 and then to $ 13 in 2016) found that while the second wage increase caused hourly wages to grow by 3%, it also caused employers to cut employee hours by 6%, yielding an average decrease of $ 74 earned per month per job in 2016. In a follow-up study, the researchers found that workers already employed at the time of the wage increase and with above-median experience saw their earnings go up by an average of $ 8–$ 12 per week, (with one-quarter of the earnings gains attributed to experienced workers making up for lost hours in Seattle with work outside the city limits) while the earnings of less-experienced workers saw no significant change. Additionally, the study associated the minimum wage increase with an 8% reduction in employee turnover, and a significant reduction of new workers joining the workforce. 8856:

observations using nearest-neighbor matching and derive effect estimates by comparing the "treated" cohort to a placebo cohort drawn from earlier data. We attribute significant hourly wage increases and hours reductions to the policy. On net, the minimum wage increase from $ 9.47 to as much as $ 13 per hour raised earnings by an average of $ 8-$ 12 per week. The entirety of these gains accrued to workers with above-median experience at baseline; less-experienced workers saw no significant change to weekly pay. Approximately one-quarter of the earnings gains can be attributed to experienced workers making up for lost hours in Seattle with work outside the city limits. We associate the minimum wage ordinance with an 8% reduction in job turnover rates as well as a significant reduction in the rate of new entries into the workforce.

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Big Mac sandwich collected simultaneously from almost all US McDonald's restaurants, we find that in about 25% of instances of minimum wage increases, restaurants display a tendency to keep constant their wage 'premium' above the increasing minimum wage. Higher minimum wages are not associated with faster adoption of touch-screen ordering, and there is near-full price pass-through of minimum wages, with little heterogeneity related to how binding minimum wage increases are for restaurants. Minimum wage hikes lead to increases in real wages (expressed in Big Macs an hour of Basic Crew work can buy) that are one fifth lower than the corresponding increases in nominal wages.

959:, argued for adoption of a minimum wage for the explicit purpose of supporting the "right" sort of semi- and unskilled laborers while forcing the "wrong" sort (including immigrants, racial minorities, women, and the disabled) out of the labor market and, over the longer term, impeding their ability to thrive and have families, or, in the case of women, push them out of the labor pool and back towards the home. The recognized result of a minimum wage, a contraction in a firm's labor force and societal elimination of the "wrong" sort of people, was the specific stated outcome, with a view to applying it across the entirety of the American body politic. 2273:, backed by 28 of the Senate's Democrats, introduced new federal legislation which would raise the minimum wage to $ 15 per hour by 2024 and index it to inflation. The Raise the Wage Act of 2017, which was simultaneously introduced in the House of Representatives with 166 Democratic cosponsors, would raise the minimum wage to $ 9.25 per hour immediately, and then gradually increase it to $ 15 per hour by 2024, while simultaneously raising the minimum wage for tipped workers and phasing it out. The legislation was introduced according to Senator Bernie Sanders to make sure that every worker has at least a modest and decent standard of living. 7257:

families defend the current arrangements, saying these workers would not otherwise have job opportunities. About 20% of people who have developmental disabilities in California are employed, the state's Department of Developmental Services says. ... After they graduated, Goodwill of Orange County placed him, with two or three others, at a clothing company's warehouse and later at a local retailer. They hung clothes on racks, splitting one minimum-wage job. Corey took home $ 2.50 an hour, his father said. He loved his job and came home feeling accomplished and eager to spend his paycheck, taking his parents out to dinner, Chris Bowers said.

39: 4570:(FLSA) are subject to the federal minimum wage and all applicable regulations. Employers not covered by the FLSA will be subject to a minimum wage that is at least 70 percent of the federal minimum wage or the applicable mandatory decree rate, whichever is higher. The Secretary of Labor and Human Resources may authorize a rate based on a lower percentage for any employer who can show that implementation of the 70 percent rate would substantially curtail employment in that business. Puerto Rico also has minimum wage rates that vary according to the industry. These rates range from a minimum of $ 5.08 to $ 7.25 per hour. 631: 1511: 1848:, professor of economics at University of Massachusetts Amherst, found in a 2017 study "robust evidence that higher minimum wages lead to increases in incomes among families at the bottom of the income distribution and that these wages reduce the poverty rate." According to the study "a 10 percent increase in the minimum wage reduces the nonelderly poverty rate by about 5 percent." Similarly, a Morgan Study concluded that a national $ 15 minimum wage would lift tens of millions of Americans, potentially 32 million Americans, out of poverty, and would also improve 9276:

wage increase might not be as great in reality as it looks on paper. In econospeak, the increase in their "real wage" — that is, their wage after accounting for the price of the stuff they buy — is not as high, because the cost of some of the stuff they buy, such as fast food, goes up too. ... "They still get a raise. They just don't get as big a raise as it may seem," he says. In effect, a minimum wage increase appears to be a redistribution of wealth from customers to low-wage workers. Ashenfelter says he thinks of it like a kind of sales tax.

1063: 1155: 689: 1819: 866: 1201:, in November 2013, which raised on a more limited scale the local minimum wage to $ 15.00 for transportation and hospitality workers. Numerous other cities have followed Seattle's example since. San Francisco became the first major city in the U.S. to reach a minimum wage of $ 15.00 per hour on July 1, 2018. New York City's minimum wage will be $ 15.00 per hour by the end of 2018. The minimum wage in Los Angeles and Washington, D.C., will be $ 15.00 per hour in 2020. By July 1, 2021, the minimum wage in 5328: 586: 2226: 15203: 846:. In New York state in 1890, a group of female reformers who were worried about the harsh conditions of sweated labor in the country formed the Consumer's League of the City of New York. The consumer group sought to improve working conditions by boycotting products which were made under sweated conditions and did not conform to a code of "fair house" standards drawn up by them. Similar, consumer leagues formed throughout the United States, and in 1899, they united under the 2114:, he stated that "Unfortunately, the real minimum wage is always zero, regardless of the laws, and that is the wage that many workers receive in the wake of the creation or escalation of a government-mandated minimum wage, because they lose their jobs or fail to find jobs when they enter the labor force. Making it illegal to pay less than a given amount does not make a worker's productivity worth that amount—and, if it is not, that worker is unlikely to be employed." 1740:. Marginal producers (those who are barely profitable enough to survive) may be forced out of business if they cannot raise their prices sufficiently to offset the higher cost of labor. Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago research from 2007 has shown that restaurant prices rise in response to minimum wage increases. However, there are studies that show that higher prices for products due to increased labor cost are usually only by about 0.4% of the original price. 17228: 16130: 15218: 1765:

18–64 years with a high school education or less. We detected significant effect modification by unemployment rate, with the largest effects of minimum wage on reducing suicides observed at higher unemployment levels." They concluded, "Minimum wage increases appear to reduce the suicide rate among those with a high school education or less, and may reduce disparities between socioeconomic groups. Effects appear greatest during periods of high unemployment."

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value had remained at the 1968 level. See chart to right. From January 1981 to April 1990, the minimum wage was frozen at $ 3.35 per hour, then a record-setting minimum wage freeze. From September 1, 1997, through July 23, 2007, the federal minimum wage remained constant at $ 5.15 per hour, breaking the old record. On July 24, 2008, the minimum wage was adjusted to $ 6.55, and then to $ 7.25 on July 24, 2009, where it has remained fixed as of 2024.

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allow for a tip credit. Additional exemptions to the minimum wage include many seasonal employees, student employees, and certain disabled employees as specified by the FLSA. Some American corporations pay their disabled employees subminimum wages as low as $ 1 per hour, with these laborers rarely moving on to higher-paying jobs. At least 14 state governments have banned this practice for being discriminatory and exploitative.

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businesses would pass some of those increased costs on to consumers in the form of higher prices, resulting in reduced demand, the CBO said. "Employers would consequently produce fewer goods and services, and as a result, they would tend to reduce their employment of workers at all wage levels," the report said. "Young, less educated people would account for a disproportionate share of those reductions in employment."

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work settings constitutes discrimination. ... Daphne Pickert, who runs St. Lawrence NYSARC, another disability services provider, says ending them removes an option for people who may never be ready for an outside job. "For some people, because of their actual diagnosis and disability, they need the support of the workshop," she says, "And they literally cannot perform in a competitive setting."

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paying below a specified real hourly wage rate, we conclude that the second wage increase to $ 13 reduced hours worked in low-wage jobs by 6-7 percent, while hourly wages in such jobs increased by 3 percent. Consequently, total payroll for such jobs decreased, implying that the Ordinance lowered the amount paid to workers in low-wage jobs by an average of $ 74 per month per job in 2016.

1575:(CBO) in 2014 estimated the theoretical effects of a federal minimum wage increase under two scenarios: an increase to $ 9.00 and an increase to $ 10.10. According to the report, approximately 100,000 jobs would be lost under the $ 9.00 option, whereas 500,000 jobs would be lost under the $ 10.10 option (with a wide range of possible outcomes). 9197:

increase in the prices of grocery products. This magnitude is consistent with a full pass-through of cost increases into consumer prices. We show that price adjustments occur mostly in the three months following the passage of minimum wage legislation rather than after implementation, suggesting that pricing of groceries is forward-looking.

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however, particularly in rigid labour markets, do appear to hit employment. France has the rich world's highest wage floor, at more than 60% of the median for adults and a far bigger fraction of the typical wage for the young. This helps explain why France also has shockingly high rates of youth unemployment: 26% for 15- to 24-year-olds."

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poverty, but government economists also expect it could eliminate some low income jobs, potentially making some families worse off," 55% of respondents said they supported it. About 40% of American adults said that they would benefit – either personally or through a member of their family – if the U.S. raised the federal minimum wage.

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tips in addition to their hourly wages. No significant differences existed among ethnic or racial groups; women were about twice as likely as men to earn minimum wage or less. In May 2022, the legislature of Hawaii passed a bill to raise the minimum wage to $ 18 by 2028, the highest state minimum wage in the United States. Governor

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and tipped workers. The general wage increase is TBD after 2024, TBD after 2026 for seasonal wages, and will stop at $ 5.13 for tipped workers in 2022, and is TBD in 2025. The minimum wage will increase in 2023 by an additional 13¢ in addition to its standard increases in pay rates due to an increase in the Consumer Price Index.

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at all. It's sheltered workshops, he says, that give them a chance to work and earn a paycheck. "Some of the individuals may not even completely understand what the value of that paycheck is," van den Brink says. "But they know they are receiving a paycheck, so they are getting a lot of self-esteem. They are very proud of it."

1556:, which extended the minimum wage to cover several economic sectors where nearly a third of all black workers were employed, found that the new minimum wages led to a sharp increase in earnings for the newly covered workers without any adverse aggregate effects on employment and also substantially reduced the racial wage gap. 2476:

2021, Washington D.C. has the highest minimum wages in the country, at $ 16.50 per hour. New York City's minimum wage for companies with 11 or more employees became $ 15.00 per hour on December 31, 2018. On the same day, NYC's hourly minimum wage for companies with 10 or fewer employees became $ 13.50. The minimum wage in

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But the concept has increasingly come under fire by disability advocacy groups. They say the workshops reinforce a life of poverty, leaving thousands isolated and exploited by their employers. ... He says it would be nearly impossible for some people with severe intellectual disabilities to get a job

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and state legislative leaders passed an agreement to raise the minimum wage to $ 15 by 2024, with a bill to raise the minimum wage passed and signed by the Governor. There are four separate pay rates: regular employers, seasonal & small employers (6 & fewer employees), agricultural employers,

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The current Illinois minimum wage is $ 14.00. As of January 1, 2020, if a worker under 18 works more than 650 hours for the employer during any calendar year, they must be paid the regular (over 18 wage). Tipped employees earn 60% of the minimum wage (employers may claim credit for tips, up to 40% of

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In the state of Alaska, California, Minnesota, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, same minimum wage are applied for both tipped and non-tipped employees. Tips collected by employees in these states will not offset employer's obligation to pay the wage, and tips are additional income beyond the wage

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As of August 2022, there are 30 states with a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum. From 2014 to 2015, nine states increased their minimum wage levels through automatic adjustments, while increases in 11 other states occurred through referendum or legislative action. Beginning on July 1,

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Under the federal law, workers who receive a portion of their salary from tips, such as waitstaff, are required only to have their total compensation, including tips, meet the minimum wage. Therefore, often, their hourly wage, before tips, is less than the minimum wage. Seven states, and Guam, do not

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reported in January 2014 that 73% of Americans supported raising the minimum wage from $ 7.25 to $ 10. By party, 53% of Republicans and 90% of Democrats favored this action. Pew found an ethnic difference for support of a higher minimum wage in 2017 with most blacks and Hispanics supporting a $ 15.00

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Reactions from former McDonald's USA CEO Ed Rensi about raising minimum wage to $ 15 is to completely push humans out of the picture when it comes to labor; if they are to pay minimum wage at $ 15 they would look into replacing humans with machines as that would be the more cost-effective than having

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restaurants in the US found that between 2016 and 2020, the cost of 10% minimum wage increases for McDonald's workers were passed through to customers as 1.4% increases in the price of a Big Mac. This results in minimum wage workers getting a lesser increase in their "real wage" than in their nominal

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The CBO in 2019 estimated the theoretical effects of a federal minimum wage increase under three scenarios: increases per hour to $ 10, $ 12 and $ 15 by 2025. Under the $ 15 scenario, in 2025 up to 27 million workers could see increases to their average weekly earnings while 3.7 million workers could

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studied employment trends among 410 restaurants in New Jersey and eastern Pennsylvania following New Jersey's minimum wage hike (from $ 4.25 to $ 5.05) in April 1992. They found "no indication that the rise in the minimum wage reduced employment." Similarly, a Morgan Study concluded that a national $

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to end sheltered workshops and ban sub-minimum wages gained traction, with supporters stating that the jobs pay low wages, lack advancement training and opportunities, (permanently trapping disabled people in those jobs while reducing their independence), and are discriminatory because they segregate

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estimated that incrementally raising the federal minimum wage to $ 15 an hour by 2025 would benefit 17 million workers but would also reduce employment by 1.4 million people. It would also lift about 900,000 people out of poverty and might raise wages for 10 million more workers, cause prices to rise

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The earnings difference between white and black workers fell dramatically in the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s. This article shows that the expansion of the minimum wage played a critical role in this decline. The 1966 Fair Labor Standards Act extended federal minimum wage coverage

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Raising the federal minimum wage to $ 15 an hour by 2025 would increase wages for at least 17 million people, but also put 1.4 million Americans out of work, according to a study by the Congressional Budget Office released on Monday. A phase-in of a $ 15 minimum wage would also lift some 900,000 out

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On November 6, 2018, Missouri passed Proposition B, which increased the minimum wage. Effective January 1, 2021, the minimum wage increased to $ 10.30; $ 11.15 January 1, 2022; and $ 12.00 January 1, 2023. The minimum wage would afterwards be adjusted based on changes in the Consumer Price Index for

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Public Act 368 of 2018 schedules possible minimum wage increases. There will be no increase in the minimum wage if the unemployment rate rises to or above 8.5% in the previous year. Tipped workers must earn at least the standard Michigan minimum wage once tips are included in their wages. The tipped

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Regardless of the ruling, the idea of raising the minimum wage to $ 15 by 2025 from its current $ 7.25 is broadly popular, a Reuters/Ipsos poll found. Some 59% of respondents said they supported the idea, with 34% opposing it. When told that "raising the minimum wage should lift some families out of

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for instance passed legislation to raise the minimum wage from $ 8.70 to $ 10.10 per hour by 2017, making it one of about six states at the time to aim at or above $ 10.00 per hour. In 2014 and 2015, several cities, including San Francisco, Seattle, Los Angeles, and Washington D.C. passed ordinances

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In 2014, over 600 economists signed a letter in support of increasing the minimum wage to $ 10.10 with research suggesting that a minimum wage increase could have a small stimulative effect on the economy as low-wage workers spend their additional earnings, raising demand and job growth. Also, seven

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and colleagues in 2004 found that minimum wages are associated with reductions in the hours and employment of low-wage workers. A separate study by the same researchers found that minimum wages tend to increase the proportion of families with incomes below or near the poverty line. Similarly, a 2002

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in minimum wage literature, and that correction of this bias shows no relationship between the minimum wage and unemployment. In 2008 Hristos Doucouliagos and Tom Stanley conducted a similar meta-analysis of 64 U.S. studies on disemployment effects and concluded that Card and Krueger's initial claim

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approved a minimum salary in 2014 for hotel workers of $ 15.37 per hour which has such an exemption. This led in some cases to longtime workers at unionized hotels such as the Sheraton Universal making $ 10.00 per hour, whereas non-union employees at a non-union Hilton less than 500 feet away making

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will never be able to perform at the level of an ordinary worker) and thereby prevent disabled people from enjoying the many non-wage benefits of work (like a sense of pride for their societal contribution), and replace it with adult day care. By 2020, seven states had passed laws banning subminimum

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Ashenfelter says the evidence from increased food prices suggests that basically all of the "increase of labor costs gets passed right on to the customers." But because low-wage workers are also usually customers at low-wage establishments, this suggests that any pay raise resulting from a minimum

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This paper estimates the pass-through of minimum wage increases into the prices of US grocery and drug stores. We use high-frequency scanner data and leverage a large number of state-level increases in minimum wages between 2001 and 2012. We find that a 10% minimum wage hike translates into a 0.36%

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Opponents of subminimum wage programs like Vistability's say they segregate people who have disabilities, keeping them from obtaining better paying work and greater independence — which they could achieve with the right services to assist them. On the other side, program operators and some workers'

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Varies by industry. On September 30, 2010, President Obama signed legislation that delays scheduled wage increases for 2010 and 2011. On July 26, 2012, President Obama signed S. 2009 into law, postponing the minimum wage increase for 2012, 2013, and 2014. Annual wage increases of 40¢ recommenced on

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On March 2, 2016, Senate Bill 1532 was signed into law, increasing minimum wage depending on the county. Beginning July 1, 2019, the minimum wage increased to $ 11.25 for non-rural counties and to $ 11.00 for rural counties, thereafter increasing each year by fixed amounts until June 30, 2022, when

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The minimum wage has been $ 12.00 since July 1, 2023. Employers who offer health benefits can pay employees $ 11.00. Assembly Bill 456, signed on June 12, 2019, raises the minimum wage in Nevada by 75 cents each year until it reaches $ 12 an hour. Employers who offer health benefits can continue to

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Additionally, a study by Overstreet in 2019 examined increases to the minimum wage in Arizona. Utilizing data spanning from 1976 to 2017, Overstreet found that a 1% increase in the minimum wage was significantly correlated with a 1.13% increase in per capita income in Arizona. This study could show

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The CBO reported in February 2014 that income (GDP) overall would be marginally higher after raising the minimum wage, indicating a small net positive increase in growth. Raising the minimum wage to $ 10.10 and indexing it to inflation would result in a net $ 2 billion increase in income during the

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of the federal minimum wage has fluctuated; it was highest in February 1968, when it was $ 1.60 per hour. The real value of the federal minimum wage in 2022 dollars has decreased by 46% since its inflation-adjusted peak in February 1968. The minimum wage would be $ 13.46 in 2022 dollars if its real

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a minimum of $ 2.13 per hour, as long as the hour wage plus tip income equals at least the minimum wage. Persons under the age of 20 may be paid $ 4.25 an hour for the first 90 calendar days of employment (sometimes known as a youth, teen, or training wage) unless a higher state minimum exists. The

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The 1938 minimum wage law only applied to "employees engaged in interstate commerce or in the production of goods for interstate commerce," but in amendments in 1961 and 1966, the federal minimum wage was extended (with slightly different rates) to employees in large retail and service enterprises,

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We use highly consistent national-coverage price and wage data to provide evidence on wage increases, labor-saving technology introduction, and price pass-through by a large low-wage employer facing minimum wage hikes. Based on 2016–2020 hourly wage rates of McDonald's Basic Crew and prices of the

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The cumulative budget deficit over the 2021–2031 period would increase by $ 54 billion. Increases in annual deficits would be smaller before 2025, as the minimum-wage increases were being phased in, than in later years. Higher prices for goods and services—stemming from the higher wages of workers

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Florida's minimum wage increased to $ 10.00 and the tipped minimum wage to $ 6.98 on September 30, 2021. In November 2020, Florida voters passed a Constitutional Amendment which will gradually raise the minimum wage to $ 15.00 per hour by 2026. After 2026, the minimum wage is increased annually on

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An increase of $ 2 in each state's minimum wage could have prevented more than 57,000 suicides." The researchers stated, "The effect of a US$ 1 increase in the minimum wage ranged from a 3.4% decrease (95% CI 0.4 to 6.4) to a 5.9% decrease (95% CI 1.4 to 10.2) in the suicide rate among adults aged

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Other economists of different schools of thought argue that a limited increase in the minimum wage does not affect or increase the number of jobs available. Economist David Cooper for instance estimates that a higher minimum wage would support the creation of at least 85,000 new jobs in the United

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The economic effects of raising the minimum wage are unclear. Adjusting the minimum wage may affect current and future levels of employment, prices of goods and services, economic growth, income inequality, and poverty. The interconnection of price levels, central bank policy, wage agreements, and

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In 2019, 1.6 million Americans earned no more than the federal minimum wage—about 1% of workers, and less than 2% of those paid by the hour. Less than half worked full time; almost half were aged 16–25; and more than 60% worked in the leisure and hospitality industries, where many workers received

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The average hourly wage for workers affected by the increase jumped from $ 9.96 to $ 11.14, but wages likely would have increased some anyway due to Seattle's overall economy. Meanwhile, although workers were earning more, fewer of them had a job than would have without an increase. Those who did

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This paper evaluates the wage, employment, and hours effects of the first and second phase-in of the Seattle Minimum Wage Ordinance, which raised the minimum wage from $ 9.47 to as much as $ 11 in 2015 and to as much as $ 13 in 2016. Using a variety of methods to analyze employment in all sectors

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At the Sheraton Universal Hotel, a longtime union property, bellhops, waiters and banquet servers make California's current minimum wage: $ 10 an hour. (When the hotel ordinance first went into effect, the state minimum was $ 9.) Those doing the same jobs at a non-union Hilton less than 500 feet

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Under pressure from the federal government, states are starting to phase sheltered workshops out entirely. But there's disagreement within the disabilities community about whether that's a good idea. More than 15 years ago, the Supreme Court ruled that keeping people with disabilities in separate

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which will be tasked with reviewing and increasing the minimum wage yearly via decrees, and must meet monthly to evaluate the labor conditions in each economic sector. If by July 1, 2024, the Minimum Wage Review Commission decides the wage ought to be higher than 10.50, it will decree so. The law

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Applies to all workers in the state, excluding patients of the Texas Department of Mental Health and Mental Retardation who have diminished production capacity and who work on behalf of the department; their salary is calculated at the minimum wage times a percentage of their diminished capacity.

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had minimum wages higher than the federal minimum. In January 2020, almost 90% of Americans earning just minimum wage got more than $ 7.25 an hour. The effective nationwide minimum wage (the wage that the average minimum-wage worker earns) was $ 11.80 in May 2019; this was the highest it had been

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Using administrative employment data from the state of Washington, we use short-duration longitudinal panels to study the impact of Seattle's minimum wage ordinance on individuals employed in low-wage jobs immediately before a wage increase. We draw counterfactual

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The fate of these work programs has been contentious. Disability-rights advocates say the programs limit the workers' potential while using them as cheap labor. But some workers' families and the organizations themselves argue that eliminating them would threaten the well-being of people who are

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and many of the Democratic Senators, but strongly opposed by Republicans in the Senate and House. Later in 2014, voters in the Republican-controlled states of Alaska, Arkansas, Nebraska and South Dakota considered ballot initiatives to raise the minimum wage above the national rate of $ 7.25 per

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An increase in the minimum wage is a form of redistribution from higher-income persons (business owners or "capital") to lower income persons (workers or "labor") and therefore should reduce income inequality. The CBO estimated in February 2014 that raising the minimum wage under either scenario

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conducted by David Neumark and William Wascher in 2007 (which surveyed 101 studies related to the employment effects of minimum wages) found that about two-thirds of peer-reviewed economic research showed a positive correlation between minimum wage hikes and increased unemployment—especially for

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states that—all else being equal—raising the price of any particular good or service reduces the quantity demanded. Therefore, neoclassical economists argue that—all else being equal—raising the minimum wage will have adverse effects on employment. Conceptually, if an employer does not believe a

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While many Americans would see raises, the analysis showed a minimum-wage increase would cause prices to rise, the federal budget deficit to widen and overall economic output to slightly decrease over the next decade. ... Higher wages would increase the cost of producing goods and services, and

2915:: $ 14.05 since July 1, 2024 eventually aligning with Illinois' statewide $ 15 minimum wage by 2025. The base wage for tipped employees is $ 7.80 since January 1, 2023. However, a large number of municipalities located within Cook County have opted-out of the county-level minimum wage ordinance. 2138:

proposed legislation to increase the federal minimum wage to $ 10.10; and in 2015, congressional Democrats introduced a proposal to increase the federal minimum wage to $ 12 an hour. These efforts did not succeed, but increases in city and state minimum wages prompted congressional Democrats to

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wrote in December 2013 in sum that: "A minimum wage, providing it is not set too high, could thus boost pay with no ill effects on jobs...Some studies find no harm to employment from federal or state minimum wages, others see a small one, but none finds any serious damage...High minimum wages,

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A 2012 study led by Joseph Sabia estimated that the 2004–6 New York State minimum wage increase (from $ 5.15 to $ 6.75) resulted in a 20.2% to 21.8% reduction in employment for less-skilled, less-educated workers. Similarly, a study led by Richard Burkhauser in 2000 concluded that minimum wage

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Beginning January 1, 2018, all minimum wage rates increase annually by the national implicit price deflator or 2.5%, whichever is lower. For large employers when the employer's annual gross revenues are $ 500,000 or more, the Minnesota minimum wage became $ 10.59 on January 1, 2023. For small

3132:, the minimum wage is $ 17.15 per hour for businesses with 51 or more employees and $ 15.50 per hour for businesses with 11 to 50 employees, effective July 1, 2024. County Council bill 12-16 was enacted on January 17, 2017, to adjust the minimum wage to $ 15 and base future adjustments on the 1781:

By contrast, in a 1987 journal article, economist Masanori Hashimoto noted that minimum wage hikes lead to increased levels of property crime in areas affected by the minimum wage after its increase. According to the article, by decreasing employment in poor communities, total legal trade and

2014:

A 2015 survey conducted by the University of New Hampshire Survey Center found that a majority of economists believes raising the minimum wage to $ 15 per hour would have negative effects on youth employment levels (83%), adult employment levels (52%), and the number of jobs available (76%).

1880:

In 2021, the Congressional Budget Office released a report which estimated that incrementally raising the federal minimum wage to $ 15 an hour by 2025 would increase the federal budget deficit by $ 54 billion over ten years by increasing the cost of goods and services paid for by the federal

2340:

Following protests due to low wages and poor work conditions, Amazon raised the minimum wage for all its employees to $ 15.00 per hour in October 2018. The company subsequently became a major lobbyist for a $ 15.00 per hour minimum wage, which some observed as a way for the company to force

2966:

Most small retail and service establishments grossing less than $ 300,000 annually are not required to pay the minimum wage. A tipped employee who makes $ 30.00 per month or more in tips, can be paid 60% of the minimum wage, i.e. as little as $ 4.35 per hour. Increased minimum wage laws in

1827:

described above would improve income inequality. Families with income more than 6 times the poverty threshold would see their incomes fall (due in part to their business profits declining with higher employee costs), while families with incomes below that threshold would rise. Writing in

9506:

What's happening here? ... Rather, a tight labor market and state-by-state minimum wage hikes have combined to push up wage growth for the poorest workers. The sluggishness of overall wage growth is concealing the fact that the labor market has done wonderful things for wages at the low

4612:

The Virgin Islands' minimum wage increased to $ 9.50 on June 1, 2017, for all employees, with the exception of tourist service and restaurant employees (or those businesses with gross annual receipts of less than $ 150,000 set at $ 4.30). It further increased to $ 10.50 on June 1, 2018.

1437:

The owner, the employees, and the buying public are all one and the same, and unless an industry can so manage itself as to keep wages high and prices low it destroys itself, for otherwise it limits the number of its customers. One's own employees ought to be one's own best customers.

1795:

or MPC. The transfer of income from higher income owners (who tend to save more, meaning a lower MPC) to lower income workers (who tend to save less, with a higher MPC) can actually lead to an increase in total consumption and higher demand for goods, leading to increased employment.

1790:

Whether growth (GDP, a measure of both income and production) increases or decreases depends significantly on whether the income shifted from owners to workers results in an overall higher level of spending. The tendency of a consumer to spend their next dollar is referred to as the

1514:

Estimated minimum wage effects on employment from a meta-study of 64 other studies showed insignificant employment effect (both practically and statistically) from minimum-wage raises. The most precise estimates were heavily clustered at or near zero employment effects (elasticity =

10887:

Overall, 52% of people favored increasing the federal minimum to $ 15 an hour, but that idea was favored by just 21% of Trump supporters (versus 82% of Clinton backers). And while large majorities of blacks and Hispanics supported a $ 15 federal minimum wage, 54% of whites opposed

1731:

Conceptually, raising the minimum wage increases the cost of labor, with all other things being equal. Thus, employers may accept some combination of lower profits, higher prices, or increased automation. If prices increase, consumers may demand a lesser quantity of the product,

2143:

stated: "We should raise the federal minimum wage to $ 15 an hour over time and index it, give all Americans the ability to join a union regardless of where they work, and create new ways for workers to have power in the economy so every worker can earn at least $ 15 an hour."

1161:

In the United States, different states are able to set their own minimum wages independent of the federal government. When the state and federal minimum wage differ, the higher wage prevails. As of August 2022, 30 states had a minimum wage higher than the federal minimum.

4261:

There is a special minimum wage for golf caddies: $ 5.90 per 9 holes and $ 10.50 per 18 holes. Another special minimum wage applies to camp counselors: $ 210 per week with board and lodging, $ 265 per week with board only, and $ 350 per week with no board or lodging provided.

2401:

In addition, some counties and cities within states may implement a higher minimum wage than the rest of their state. Sometimes this higher wage applies only to businesses that contract with the local government, while in other cases the higher minimum applies to all work.

1135:

disabled workers into separate work environments. Disability service providers, many parents, and disabled workers themselves support the workshops and state that eliminating the minimum wage exemption would eliminate those jobs and the choice to work (because many with

801:, a time of social activists and political reform across the United States, progressive reformers, women's organizations, religious figures, academics, and politicians all played an important role in getting state minimum wage laws passed throughout the United States. 9250:

They found that the higher cost of labor that results from increasing minimum wages gets passed on to consumers in the form of more expensive Big Macs. More specifically, they estimated that a 10% minimum-wage increase leads to a 1.4% increase in the price of a Big

1276:

which was to review and increase the minimum wage yearly via decrees. If by July 1, 2024, the Minimum Wage Review Commission decides the wage ought to be higher than $ 10.50, it will decree so. The law also provided employees of local businesses not covered by the

1777:

calculated that "raising the minimum wage reduces crime by 3 to 5 percent." To get those numbers, the study assumed that "such a minimum wage increase would have no employment impacts, with an employment elasticity of 0.1 the benefits would be somewhat lower."

3601:$ 15.00 minimum for full-time state employees, excluding temporary employees and public school and community college employees making below $ 15 (from July 1, 2018) Extended to non-certified educational staff and community college personnel from July 1, 2022. 2434:

of 1938 has required a minimum wage of $ 2.13 for tipped workers, with the expectation that wages plus tips total no less than $ 7.25 per hour, since September 1, 1991. The employer must pay the difference if total income does not add up to $ 7.25 per hour.

1804:

that smaller increases in minimum wage may not distort labor market as significantly as larger increases experienced in other cities and states. Thus, the small increases experienced in Arizona may have actually led to a slight increase in economic growth.

1345:) approved statewide increases in the state minimum wage. The amounts of these increases ranged from $ 1 to $ 1.70 per hour, and all increases were designed to annually index to inflation. As of 2018, the minimum wage is indexed to inflation in 17 states. 893:

which had raged for ten weeks at the beginning of 1912. The strike brought national attention to the plight of the low wage textile workers, and pushed the state legislatures, who feared the magnitude of the strike, to enact progressive labor legislation.

4800:

Two years later, in May 2008, when the federal minimum wage was $ 5.85 per hour and was about to increase to $ 6.55 per hour in July, these same sectors were still the lowest-paying, but their situation (according to Bureau of Labor Statistics data) was:

1831:, journalist Derek Thompson summarized several studies which indicate that both state-level minimum wage increases and tighter labor markets caused wages to grow faster for lower income workers than higher income workers during the 2018–2019 time period. 1049:

local transportation and construction, state and local government employees, as well as other smaller expansions; a grandfather clause in 1990 drew most employees into the purview of federal minimum wage policy, which by then set the wage at $ 3.80.

11890: 6189:

Ernie added up all the hours worked by these minimum wage workers. And he applied the relevant minimum wage depending on where those workers lived. And then finally, he just took the average pay of all the hours worked. That average was $ 11.80 an

2246:

that gradually increase the minimum wage to $ 15.00 per hour. In 2016 New York and California became the first states to pass legislation that would gradually raise the minimum wage to $ 15 per hour in each state, followed by Massachusetts in 2018.

1487:

found that the increase in New Jersey's minimum wage resulted in a 4.6% decrease in employment. Neumark's study relied on payroll records from a sample of large fast-food restaurant chains, whereas the Card-Krueger study relied on business surveys.

3630:

policy adopted January 17, 2017, with minimum wage increased to $ 13.76 and subsequent annual adjustments. Latest living wage adjustment to $ 18.20 for permanent, full-time employees, and to $ 11.00 for temporary positions, effective September 10,

4235:

Minimum wage increased to $ 8.75 on December 31, 2015. The state minimum wage is applicable to employers of six or more employees at one location not involved in interstate commerce and for tipped employees is 30% of the federal minimum wage.

823:, established wage boards which were tasked with establishing minimum wages in the labor trades which suffered from unlivable wages. During the same time period, campaigns against sweated labor were occurring in the United States and England. 2975:

counties were nullified by the legislature. While unenforceable by law, Johnson county continues to ask businesses to pledge to honor the minimum wage of $ 10.25 since January 1, 2019. Other places that have symbolic minimum wages include

1520:

increases "significantly reduce the employment of the most vulnerable groups in the working-age population—young adults without a high school degree (aged 20-24), young black adults and teenagers (aged 16-24), and teenagers (aged 16-19)."

11460: 14380: 4595:

also provided employees of local businesses not covered by the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 with protections, and their wages, though not immediately increased by the law, will be evaluated and increased by the Review Commission.

1268:, passed by the territorial legislature in 2021 started raising the local minimum wage above the federal minimum. It increased the territorial minimum wage from $ 7.25 to $ 10.50 per hour (or higher) by July 1, 2024, and created the 1532:

In 2014 the state with the highest minimum wage in the nation, Washington, exceeded the national average for job growth in the United States. Washington had a job growth rate 0.3% faster than the national average job growth rate.

17050: 926:(1908), which upheld maximum working hours laws for women on the grounds that women required special protection that men did not. The Supreme Court, however, did not extend this principle to minimum wage laws. The court ruled in 4436:

In accordance with a law signed on June 27, 2016, the minimum wage increased to $ 15.00 per hour as of July 1, 2020; and $ 15.20 per hour as of July 1, 2021. As of each successive July 1, the minimum wage will increase by the

2394:, then state, city, or other local laws may determine the minimum wage. A common exemption to the federal minimum wage is a company having revenue of less than $ 500,000 per year while not engaging in any interstate commerce. 1213:, Minnesota had reached $ 15.00 per hour by 2022. A growing number of other California cities and counties have also enacted local minimum wage ordinances to increase the minimum wage to $ 15.00 per hour or higher, including 2050:

recipients of the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences were among 75 economists endorsing an increase in the minimum wage for U.S. workers and said "the weight" of economic research shows higher pay does not lead to fewer jobs.

17021: 1843:

The CBO estimated in February 2014 that raising the minimum wage would reduce the number of persons below the poverty income threshold by 900,000 under the $ 10.10 option versus 300,000 under the $ 9.00 option. Similarly,

796:

that did not allow workers to afford the necessaries of life. Besides substandard wages, sweating was also associated with long work hours and unsanitary and unsafe work conditions. From the 1890s to the 1920s, during the

1197:, Washington, was the first city to enact on June 2, 2014, a local ordinance to increase the minimum wage for all workers to $ 15.00 per hour, which phases in over seven years. This ordinance followed the referendum in 4183:

The minimum wage increased to $ 16.28 in 2024. It will be increased annually by a voter-approved cost-of-living adjustment based on the federal Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W).

3343:. Income from tips cannot offset an employee's pay rate while same minimum wage applied for both tipped and non-tipped employees. The state minimum wage for business with less than $ 110,000 in annual sales is $ 4.00. 5483:

Voters passed Proposition 206 in 2016 scheduling a series of wage increases, starting on January 1, 2021 the minimum wage has been tied to inflation; it rose to $ 12.15 in 2021, $ 12.80 in 2022, and $ 13.85 in 2023.

1871:

According to some economists, minimum wage increases result in a variety of negative effects for lower-skilled workers including reduced employment, reduced hours, reduced benefits, and less safe working conditions.

17530: 17500: 17405: 1496:

young and unskilled workers. Neumark's review further found that, when looking at only the most credible research, 85% of studies showed a positive correlation between minimum wage hikes and increased unemployment.

7510: 7809: 1839:

Among hourly-paid workers in 2016, 701,000 earned the federal minimum wage and about 1.5 million earned wages below the minimum. Together, these 2.2 million workers represented 2.7% of all hourly-paid workers.

1269: 17525: 8797: 1551:

on state changes in minimum wage levels between 1979 and 2016 had no impact on the overall number of low-wage jobs. A 2021 study on the effects in the late 1960s and early 1970s of the 1966 extension of the

11894: 1868:, concluded that "The empirical evidence is strong that minimum wages have had little or no effect on poverty in the U.S. Indeed, the evidence is stronger that minimum wages occasionally increase poverty…" 4707:

According to the May 2006 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, the four lowest-paid occupational sectors in May 2006 (when the federal minimum wage was $ 5.15 per hour) were the following:

2899:

wage) and there is a training wage for tipped employees. Certain employees must be paid overtime, at time and one-half of the regular rate, after 40 hours of work in a workweek. In February 2019, Governor

7834: 17455: 14407: 13628: 4587: 2909:: $ 16.20 since July 1, 2024. The base wage for tipped employees is 60% of the non-tipped minimum rate. Chicago's minimum wage increased to $ 14 an hour on July 1, 2020, and reached $ 15 on July 1, 2021. 17505: 3753:

the minimum wage will be $ 14.75 for the Portland metro area, $ 13.50 for other non-rural counties, and $ 12.50 for rural counties. Thereafter, the minimum wage will be adjusted each year based on the

2903:

approved a statewide minimum wage rising to $ 15 by 2025. Increases began on January 1, 2020, to $ 9.25 and rose to $ 10 on July 1, 2020. The rate will increase $ 1 each year until 2025 reaching $ 15.

2158:

have opposed minimum wage increases. Some Republicans oppose having a minimum wage altogether, while a few, conversely, have supported minimum wage increases or indexing the minimum wage to inflation.

1507:

of publication bias was correct. Moreover, they concluded, "Once this publication selection is corrected, little or no evidence of a negative association between minimum wages and employment remains."

6265:

of poverty, according to the nonpartisan CBO. This higher federal minimum could raise wages for an additional 10 million workers who would otherwise make sightly above that wage rate, the study found.

5196:

According to the May 2009 National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates, the lowest-paid occupational sectors in May 2009 (when the federal minimum wage was $ 7.25 per hour) were the following:

2061:

34% agreed with the statement that "Raising the federal minimum wage to $ 9 per hour would make it noticeably harder for low-skilled workers to find employment", with 32% disagreeing and 24% uncertain

1782:

production are curtailed. The report also argued that to compensate for the decrease in legal avenues for production and consumption, poor communities increasingly turn to illegal trade and activity.

4118:

Effective January 1, 2024, the minimum wage increased to $ 13.67 and the tipped minimum wage increased to $ 6.84. In future years, the state minimum wage will be indexed to increase with inflation.

2361:

Strong support overall for raising the minimum wage, with 73% of likely voters supporting an increase to $ 10 and indexing it to inflation during 2014, including 58% who strongly support the action;

16240: 3164:

The "Grand Bargain" passed in 2018 raised wages on an annual schedule, phasing out time-and-a-half while prohibiting employers from requiring work on Sundays and holidays against employee wishes.

17345: 12627: 6279:"$ 15 Minimum Wage Would Cut Employment, Reduce Poverty, CBO Study Finds – Nonpartisan study says raising minimum wage would cost 1.4 million jobs but lift 900,000 people above the poverty line" 3096:

Rockland: Starting on January 1, 2024, for employers with more than 25 employees, the minimum wage will be $ 15.00. The minimum wage in future years be adjusted annually based on cost of living.

2848:

Minimum wage increased to $ 14.00 on January 1, 2024. The "disability subminimum wage" (wherein disabled workers are exempted from standard minimum wage requirements) was repealed in June 2021.

17395: 14303: 1760:

Researchers found in 2019 that, "Between 1990 and 2015, raising the minimum wage by $ 1 in each state might have saved more than 27,000 lives, according to a report published this week in the

1358:

at least $ 15.37 as mandated by law for non-unionized employees. Similar exemptions have been adopted in other cities. As of December 2014, unions were exempt from minimum wage ordinances in

17410: 17305: 16677: 10298: 17495: 2068:

According to a fall 2000 survey conducted by Fuller and Geide-Stevenson, 73.5% (27.9% of which agreed with provisos) of American economists surveyed agreed that minimum wage laws increase

1190:. There has been an increase in county and city level minimum wages. In 2010, only three cities had minimum wages that exceeded state or federal minimum wages, but by 2020, there were 42. 17460: 16539: 100: 16292: 12349: 7650: 5644:: $ 16.86/hour for employers with 100 or more employees, $ 16.60/hour for employers with 26 to 99 employees, $ 16.04/hour for employers with 25 or fewer employees since January 1, 2024. 2064:

42% agreed that "...raising the minimum wage to $ 9 per hour and indexing it to inflation...would be a desirable policy", with 11% disagreeing or strongly disagreeing and 32% uncertain.

16220: 10254: 4208:: $ 20.29 for businesses with more than 500 employees worldwide; $ 19.29 for businesses with 15-500 employees worldwide or an annual gross revenue over $ 2 million since July 1, 2024. 4190:: $ 20.29 for businesses with more than 500 employees worldwide; $ 18.29 for businesses with 15-500 employees worldwide or an annual gross revenue over $ 2 million since July 1, 2024. 3255:

St. Paul: $ 15.57 for business with more than 100 employees; $ 14.00 for businesses with 6–100 employees; and $ 12.25 for businesses with 5 or fewer employees, effective July 1, 2024.

16969: 16896: 16214: 4447:

The minimum wage for tipped-employees increased to $ 4.45 per hour as of July 1, 2019; $ 5.00 per hour as of July 1, 2020; and $ 5.05 per hour as of July 1, 2021. On June 19, 2018,

1293:, thereby increasing the wage automatically each year based on increases to the consumer price index. Linking the minimum wage to the consumer price index avoids the erosion of the 1074:. The reason given is: Most information ends at 2017. Many dates for future events have already passed, and those sentences have not been updated to past tense, with new references. 283: 11406: 5771:

On January 1, 2024, the minimum wage increased to $ 14.42 and it will be adjusted with the Consumer Price Index yearly. (CPI) The tipped wage is $ 3.02 less than the minimum wage.

3934:

On January 31, 2022, minimum wage for all state employees was increased to $ 15.00. A state law currently prevents cities and local governments from setting a higher minimum wage.

17515: 16996: 16828: 16429: 4572:

Following the enactment of the Puerto Rico Minimum Wage Act (Law 47 of 2021) there will be a yearly increase of the minimum wage from $ 7.25 to $ 10.50 per hour by July 1, 2024.

2634:

In 2023, California passed a law on a new minimum wage for fast food workers at $ 20.00. The new minimum wage took effect on April 1, 2024. It affects the following restaurants:

17510: 16510: 10119: 4461:

may be paid to newly hired individuals during their first 90 calendar days of employment, students employed by colleges and universities, and individuals under 18 years of age.

2461:

The Fair Labor Standards Act has, since August 20, 1996, allowed for persons under the age of 20 to be paid $ 4.25 per hour for the first 90 calendar days of their employment.

826:

In the United States, the earliest minimum wage laws were state laws focused on women and children. These laws were struck down by the Supreme Court between 1923 and 1937. The

17520: 17001: 16843: 16302: 7357: 1410: 1265: 617: 16322: 7842: 2147:

Most Republican elected officials oppose action to increase the minimum wage, and have blocked Democratic efforts to increase the minimum wage. Republican leadership such as

850:(NCL) parent organization. Consumer advocacy, however, was extremely slow at changing conditions in the sweated industries. When NCL leaders in 1908 went to an international 17490: 17400: 17350: 17310: 16860: 16505: 16287: 9289: 1098:

The federal minimum wage in the United States has been $ 7.25 per hour since July 2009, the last time Congress raised it. Some types of labor are exempt: Employers may pay

17485: 17480: 17475: 17330: 17033: 16250: 16235: 10653: 9916: 7514: 17465: 7819: 3249:

employers when the employer's annual gross revenues are less than $ 500,000, the minimum wage became $ 8.63 on January 1, 2023. Overtime applies after 48 hours per week.

1453:

total aggregate demand creates a situation in which conclusions drawn from macroeconomic analysis are highly influenced by the underlying assumptions of the interpreter.

17470: 17385: 17360: 17181: 16916: 16662: 16434: 16400: 16260: 6278: 4382:

Federal minimum wage applies to businesses involved in interstate commerce, and to most businesses with gross revenues over $ 500,000, where state minimum wage is lower.

17435: 17370: 17340: 17315: 16606: 16395: 16380: 12460: 10137: 5698:: $ 18.67 since July 1, 2024 and adjusts with Consumer Price Index (CPI) increases July 1 each following year; unions are exempt from San Francisco's minimum wage law. 321: 2015:

Additionally, 67% of economists surveyed believed that a $ 15 minimum wage would make it harder for small businesses with less than 50 employees to stay in business.

909:, with pressure being placed on state legislatures by the National Consumers League in a coalition with other women's voluntary associations and organized labor. The 17450: 17445: 17375: 17355: 17075: 16063: 15627: 15280: 275: 164: 3551:

As of December 31, 2023: NYC and Downstate employers: $ 16.00; Upstate employers: $ 15.00 (set by Commissioner of Labor based on economic conditions, up to $ 15.00)

1422:

The federal minimum wage was introduced in 1938 at the rate of 25¢ per hour (equivalent to $ 5.19 in 2022). By 1950 the minimum wage had risen to 75¢ per hour. The

816:

which pushed the government aggressively to deal legislatively with the problem of substandard wages. The government, following the recommendation of the Victorian

17390: 17380: 17320: 16760: 16596: 16479: 16449: 15913: 13547: 10936: 10095: 8787: 920:(1897–1937), however, consistently invalidated labor regulation laws. Advocates for state minimum wage laws hoped that they would be upheld under the precedent of 345: 11963: 2367:

A majority (56%) believe that raising the minimum wage will help the economy, 16% believe it won't make a difference, and only 21% felt it would hurt the economy.

1170:

which prohibit local governments from setting their own minimum wage amounts. As of 2017, state preemption laws for local minimum wages have passed in 25 states.

17440: 17365: 16848: 16765: 16327: 14532: 13851: 5458: 4156:

By October 1, 2026, the minimum wage will be tied to yearly inflation. Afterwards, the minimum wage will be re-adjusted by a Commonwealth Commissioner annually.

2257:(FLSA) to increase the federal minimum wage for employees to $ 10.10 per hour over the course of a two-year period. The bill was strongly supported by President 15125: 14418: 12836: 17335: 17143: 17131: 16855: 16525: 16181: 15587: 15191: 14890: 6379: 937: 65: 8692: 3959:

On May 20, 2021, Governor Daniel McKee signed a law raising Rhode Island's minimum wage to $ 15.00 on an annual schedule; tipped wages will remain at $ 3.89.

17203: 17193: 16891: 16833: 16694: 16591: 16405: 16245: 15379: 9239: 2148: 14838: 14249: 12492: 11937: 11107: 5608:: (City of Los Angeles – not including County of Los Angeles) $ 17.28 since July 1, 2024. Unions are exempt from the city of Los Angeles's minimum wage law. 1474:

States. This divergence of thought began with empirical work on fast food workers in the 1990s which challenged the neoclassical model. In 1994, economists

16312: 16270: 15607: 15460: 1743:

According to a 2020 study, a 10% minimum wage increase for grocery store workers translates into 0.36% higher grocery prices which is consistent with full

12153: 5490:

Tucson: $ 14.35 regular and $ 11.35 tipped effective January 1, 2024. Will increase to $ 15.00 by 2025, followed by annual increases indexed to inflation.

760:, conducted as a minimum-wage increase was being considered in Congress, found 53% of respondents supporting an increase to $ 15 an hour and 45% opposed. 17038: 17028: 16901: 16444: 16199: 14126: 9458:

Overstreet, Dallin. "The Effect of Minimum Wage on Per Capita Income in Arizona: Empirical Analysis." Poverty & Public Policy 11.1-2 (2019): 156-168.

8498:

Neumark, David; Wascher, William (2000). "Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania: Comment".

8011: 5971:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States: Addenda et Corrigenda

5517:

Minimum wage increased on January 1, 2024 to $ 16.00. At least 27 California cities had a minimum wage higher than the state minimum on January 1, 2020:

4591: 3013:

Kansas had the lowest legislated, non-tipped worker minimum wage in the U.S., $ 2.65 per hour, until it was raised to $ 7.25, effective January 1, 2010.

2250: 1273: 943:

However, at the same time, in the United States, the late 19th century ideas for favoring a minimum wage (rather than wage subsidies) coincided with the

85: 17158: 14557: 12239: 3555:

As of December 31, 2022, the following is the minimum for exempt employees: NYC and Downstate employees $ 1,125 per week; Upstate employees $ 1,064.25.

16711: 16667: 16332: 15951: 15870: 7481: 3093:

The minimum wage increased to $ 14.15 and tipped minimum wage to $ 7.08 on January 1, 2024. The tipped rate is half of the current state minimum wage.

1752:

wage, because any goods and services they purchase made with minimum-wage labor have now increased in cost, analogous to an increase in the sales tax.

1261:. One study concluded that "Employers are disinclined to hire workers because the US federal minimum wage is very high relative to the local average". 610: 13973: 9385: 17064: 16984: 16911: 16355: 16297: 16280: 15483: 4624:

Some large employers in the traditionally low-paying retail sector have declared an internal minimum wage often to make them more competitive in the

2390:(per hour) in each state and territory of the United States, for jobs covered by federal minimum wage laws. If the job is not subject to the federal 13925: 12094: 7305: 7247: 17213: 17101: 16586: 16581: 16307: 15800: 15617: 14714: 13599: 13178: 12178: 10308: 8417: 16601: 16365: 16058: 15860: 13903: 13182: 8713: 8638: 1005:(1935) ruled the act unconstitutional, and the minimum wage regulations were abolished. Two years later after President Roosevelt's overwhelming 14049: 10205: 9871: 6879: 3595:

The employer may take credit for tips earned by a tipped employee and may count them as wages up to the amount permitted in section 3(m) of the

17116: 17091: 16550: 16317: 16002: 15440: 15352: 15229: 14689: 10188: 9568: 6393: 5848: 862:, which had successfully dealt with sweated labor, they came home believers and made minimum wage legislation part of their national platform. 17168: 13076: 11998: 17284: 17208: 16865: 16672: 16535: 16469: 16412: 16230: 6302: 6220: 2214: 936:

with employees. The court also noted that women did not require any more special protection by the law, following the passage in 1920 of the

603: 267: 13416: 10541: 10246: 7275: 2193:

to the US Congress and the US President urging that, by 2016, the US government should raise the minimum wage to $ 10.10. They endorsed the

1822:

Minimum wage levels in developed economies as a share of median full-time wage. The relative minimum wage ratio in the U.S. is shown in red.

17241: 17045: 16942: 16684: 16464: 16073: 15855: 15569: 10768: 1483:

15 minimum wage would have minimal to no positive or negative effect on employment levels. In contrast, a 1995 analysis of the evidence by

190: 185: 14734: 12323: 11625: 10851: 6006: 4467:, nearly identical to Initiative 77, was passed on November 8, 2022, and came into effect on February 23, 2023. The law, now known as the 932:(1923) that the District of Columbia's minimum wage law was unconstitutional, because the law interfered with the ability of employers to 17148: 16738: 16566: 16530: 16112: 15966: 15908: 15878: 15565: 15307: 14658: 14359: 13468: 13051: 12393: 12208: 10715: 9497: 1178:

Some smaller government entities, such as counties and cities, observe minimum wages that are higher than the state as a whole. In 2003,

568: 508: 55: 14811: 6603: 6253: 2262:

hour, which were successful in all four states. The results provided evidence that raising minimum wage has support across party lines.

17163: 16989: 16777: 16489: 16255: 16174: 15883: 15820: 15252: 15184: 12771: 12446: 11916: 11461:"Full Eleventh Circuit Finds that Plaintiffs Lack Standing in Alabama Lawsuit Challenging State Prohibition of Local Minimum Wage Laws" 9949: 2206: 2139:

continue fighting for an increase on the federal level. After much internal party debate, the party's official platform adopted at the

1035:, this time at a uniform rate of 25¢ per hour (equivalent to $ 5.41 in 2023). The Supreme Court upheld the Fair Labor Standards Act in 262: 75: 13153: 10385: 9264: 7857: 7704: 38: 17055: 16952: 16723: 16102: 15830: 15403: 15332: 15169: 8486: 7410: 7333: 5362: 3719:

Minimum wage for employers grossing under $ 100,000 and with fewer than 10 employees per location is $ 2.00. (OK Statutes 40–197.5).

2776:

for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers, not seasonally adjusted, for the South Region or a successor index as calculated by the

748:

and overall economic output to decrease slightly, and increase the federal budget deficit by $ 54 billion over the next 10 years. An

11186: 9823: 7159: 17121: 16964: 16812: 16797: 16718: 16454: 16424: 16020: 15785: 15767: 15398: 15388: 15292: 11629: 10900: 10492: 6358: 4471:, will progressively increase the tipped minimum wage by around $ 2 per year until it matches the non-tipped minimum wage in 2027. 1006: 1001: 713: 180: 16728: 12420: 11576: 11069: 9660: 9471: 6237:

paid at or near the minimum wage, such as those providing long-term health care—would contribute to increases in federal spending.

5991:

How Much Is That in Real Money? A Historical Price Index for Use as a Deflator of Money Values in the Economy of the United States

17153: 17111: 16838: 16743: 16706: 16417: 16225: 15925: 15840: 15710: 15690: 15602: 15521: 15516: 15428: 15418: 15327: 15297: 15221: 10277: 8579:

Doucouliagos, Hristos; Stanley, T. D. (2009). "Publication Selection Bias in Minimum-Wage Research? A Meta-Regression Analysis".

8487:"A $ 15 Minimum Wage Would Lift Millions out of Poverty with 'Limited Negative Effects' on Aggregate Income, Morgan Stanley Says" 8092: 8071: 4575:

Minimum wage increased to $ 8.50 on January 1, 2022, with subsequent increases for all employees covered by the FLSA as follows:

1115: 1010: 732: 244: 144: 60: 11677: 11321: 10082: 10028: 9920: 8248: 2819:

Only applicable to employers of 6 or more employees. The state law excludes from coverage any employment that is subject to the

16979: 16921: 16733: 16631: 16621: 16390: 16375: 16265: 15597: 15322: 15267: 14367: 8275: 5445:

and two African-American Birmingham workers sued, arguing that the state's adoption of the preemption legislation violated the

5367: 1813: 113: 16337: 13878: 17561: 17096: 16957: 16926: 16657: 16474: 16167: 16133: 16085: 15845: 15777: 15682: 15678: 15653: 15553: 15538: 15408: 15342: 15237: 15177: 15073: 13260: 10413: 8365: 8312: 8167: 7992: 7136: 7103: 7039: 6976: 6920: 6814: 6781: 6748: 6521: 6441: 5417: 3608:

city employees: $ 19.04 for all regular hourly employees from July 2, 2022, with an increase to $ 20.00 from January 7, 2023.

3548:

A 2016 law changed the minimum wage over the next six years. "Downstate" includes Nassau, Suffolk, and Westchester counties.

2289: 2135: 757: 728:

peaked in 1968, at $ 1.60 ($ 14.00 in 2023). In 2009, it was increased to $ 7.25 per hour, and has not been increased since.

537: 154: 70: 48: 22: 12467: 10147: 9843: 9686: 9386:"Raise the Minimum Wage, Reduce Crime? A New White House Report Links Higher Hourly Incomes to Lower Rates of Law-breaking." 6061: 5740:: $ 17.60 for businesses with 26 or more employees, $ 16.56 for businesses with 25 employees or fewer since January 1, 2024. 5596:: $ 16.90 for businesses with 26 or more employees, $ 16.00 for businesses with 25 employees or fewer since January 1, 2024. 17251: 17231: 17198: 17106: 17016: 16947: 16906: 16792: 16626: 16611: 16576: 16370: 15850: 15835: 15790: 15622: 15498: 15312: 14996: 13574: 13152:

NJ.com, Samantha Marcus | NJ Advance Media for; NJ.com, Brent Johnson | NJ Advance Media for (January 17, 2019).

12655: 10597: 9891: 8824: 8742: 1849: 830:, which exempted large parts of the workforce, was enacted in 1938 and set rates that became obsolete during World War II. 752:

survey in August 2020 found that support for a rise in the federal minimum wage had grown substantially during the ongoing

340: 206: 12647: 10323: 9119: 7573: 1800:

second half of 2016, while raising it to $ 9.00 and not indexing it would result in a net $ 1 billion increase in income.

17126: 16701: 16459: 15888: 15582: 15577: 15413: 13703: 12519: 11550: 5493:

Phoenix city employees: $ 15.00 for full-time workers effective May 1, 2019; extended to part-time workers November 2019.

5382: 4452: 4451:

passed, increasing the tipped minimum wage to match the standard minimum wage by 2026. However, this was repealed by the

4269: 2140: 1395: 1258: 988: 80: 10229: 10048: 7537: 4893:

In 2006, workers in the following 13 individual occupations received a median hourly wage of less than $ 8.00 per hour:

4315:

for more detailed findings from this study, including employment estimates on raising the wage to $ 10 or $ 12 per hour.

2086:

The great preponderance of the evidence indicates there is no negative impact on employment from moderate increases; and

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Skocpol, Theda (1992). "Chapter 7: Safeguarding the "Mothers of the Race": Protective Legislation for Women Workers".

4268:

has proposed legislation to increase the minimum wage for state employees to $ 15 by 2021, including employees at the

1118:

of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 included an exemption for people with disabilities, intended to help disabled

804:

The first successful attempts at using minimum wage laws to ameliorate the problem of nonliving wages occurred in the

17277: 17060: 16571: 16439: 16080: 16030: 15935: 15930: 15903: 15795: 13653: 12844: 11190: 11165: 11045:"Missouri Allows Some Disabled Workers to Earn Less Than $ 1 an Hour. The State Says It's Fine If That Never Changes" 10169: 10004: 9779:"Over 600 Economists Sign Letter In Support of $ 10.10 Minimum Wage: Economist Statement on the Federal Minimum Wage" 9765: 8395: 7967: 7780: 7675: 7001: 6613: 5828: 5347: 5342: 3690:

The rate is $ 7.25 for employers grossing $ 371,000 or less. The rate is adjusted annually on January 1 based on the

2777: 2381: 1149: 1037: 564: 542: 403: 17136: 13802: 12696: 9844:"Over 600 Economists Agree: It's Time To Raise The Minimum Wage – The National Memo – Smart. Sharp. Funny. Fearless" 4368:

No state minimum wage law. Federal rates apply, although some small businesses exempt from FMWA may not be covered.

1683:

Change in Real Annual Income: Families between three and six times the poverty threshold (billions of 2018 dollars)

1669:

Change in Real Annual Income: Families between one and three times the poverty threshold (billions of 2018 dollars)

17556: 16875: 16048: 15898: 15700: 15668: 15548: 15445: 15372: 15287: 15021: 10878: 9803: 5838: 5357: 4567: 3596: 3308:

A state law passed July 5, 2017 prevents Missouri cities and local governments from setting a higher minimum wage.

2820: 2254: 1553: 1321:

were the next states to link their minimum wages to the consumer price index. Later in 2006, voters in six states (

1278: 996: 928: 827: 817: 643: 521: 498: 129: 15063: 13831: 13494: 10358: 7624: 5508:

in 2018 to schedule a series of wage increases. Effective January 1, 2021, the minimum wage increased to $ 11.00.

3312:

Kansas City set up a voluntary living wage program for employers to register. In 2022, the living wage is $ 15.00.

16484: 16053: 15920: 15543: 15423: 15383: 15247: 12496: 11099: 7885: 5743: 5474:

Minimum wage increased to $ 11.73 on January 1, 2024. Same minimum wage for both tipped and non-tipped employees.

3565:

For tipped food service workers: NYC employers: $ 10.65; Downstate employers: $ 10.65; Upstate employers: $ 10.00

2364:

Support crosses party lines, with support from 91% of Democrats, 74% of Independents, and 50% of Republicans; and

2123: 1697:

Change in Real Annual Income: Families with more than six times the poverty threshold (billions of 2018 dollars)

1015: 979: 885:(WTLU) of Massachusetts under the leadership of Elizabeth Evans took up the cause of minimum wage legislation in 438: 398: 350: 231: 211: 90: 16275: 13749: 13721: 13315: 13211:"New Mexico Department of Workforce Solutions > Labor Relations > Resources > Minimum Wage Information" 8012:"Low-wage Workers Saw the Biggest Wage Growth in States that Increased Their Minimum Wage Between 2018 and 2019" 6679:

Minimum Wage Legislation in Various Countries: Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 467

6418:

Minimum Wage Legislation in Various Countries: Bulletin of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, No. 467

17186: 16755: 16015: 15815: 15112: 12980: 11158:"What is the minimum wage for workers who receive tips? What is the minimum wage for workers who receive tips?" 10440: 9714: 8124: 5611: 2241:. Since the start of these protests, a number of states and cities have increased their minimum wage. In 2014, 1792: 1242: 488: 428: 236: 221: 139: 14759: 13443: 11755: 10569: 10065: 8327:

For a review article that analyzes the classical, Keynesian, and underconsumptionist approaches to wages, see

16025: 15805: 15643: 15526: 15488: 15357: 15347: 15084: 14076: 12793: 10625: 8159: 7358:"City Governments Are Raising Standards for Working People—and State Legislators Are Lowering Them Back Down" 6946:

William P. Quigley, "'A Fair Day's Pay For A Fair Day's Work': Time to Raise and Index the Minimum Wage", 27

6324: 6077:

By 1968, the minimum wage had reached its peak purchasing power of $ 1.60 per hour ($ 11.08 in 2016 dollars).

4563: 3634: 2447: 2237:", initially growing out of fast food worker strikes, has advocated for an increase in the minimum wage to a 2210: 2023: 1166:

has the highest minimum wage at $ 17.50 per hour. Since 2009, multiple state legislatures have enacted state

1104: 999:, which set minimum wage and maximum hours on an industry and regional basis. The Supreme Court, however, in 944: 882: 813: 443: 408: 252: 226: 159: 13522: 10796: 3568:

For tipped service workers: NYC employers: $ 13.35; Downstate employers: $ 13.35; Upstate employers: $ 12.50

2737:

Minimum wage increased to $ 13.25 effective on January 1, 2024. Further increases are scheduled as follows:

17270: 16787: 16385: 16143: 16107: 15893: 15705: 15592: 15435: 15207: 14209: 9210: 5998: 5978: 5713: 5441:) were preempted in 2016 with the enactment of the Alabama Uniform Minimum Wage and Right-to-Work Act. The 4442: 3901:

counties. The Portland Metro rate ($ 1.25 over the non-rural rate) applies to employers located within the

2011:, 79% of economists agreed that "a minimum wage increases unemployment among young and unskilled workers." 1774: 1302: 890: 870: 785: 453: 388: 378: 257: 216: 30: 15157:

Maps and charts of minimum wage vs. housing costs – National Low Income Housing Coalition (advocacy group)

14485: 13777: 9966: 8902:"The Effect of Minimum Wages on Low-Wage Jobs: Evidence from the United States Using a Bunching Estimator" 4515:

September 30, 2015, and will continue every three years until all rates have reached the federal minimum.

1470:

worker generates value equal to or in excess of the minimum wage, they do not hire or retain that worker.

756:, with 72% of Americans in favor, including 62% of Republicans and 87% of Democrats. A March 2021 poll by 16770: 15367: 15337: 15317: 15242: 13917: 13196: 12738: 12102: 11267: 9097: 9071: 6215: 3518: 3129: 1572: 1367: 910: 744: 503: 311: 149: 14223: 13131: 12763: 12374: 12186: 11242: 9317:

Kaufman, John A.; Salas-Hernández, Leslie K.; Komro, Kelli A.; Livingston, Melvin D. (January 3, 2020).

8661:

Are the Effects of Minimum Wage Increases Always Small? New Evidence From a Case Study of New York State

4350:

Applies to persons under age 20, for the first 90 days of employment (per FMWA), unless otherwise noted.

3757:. Same minimum wage applied for both tipped and non-tipped employees. Non-rural counties are defined as 3192:

minimum wage is set at 38% of the state minimum, and the youth rate is set at 85% of the state minimum.

2122:

Democratic candidates, elected officials, and activists support an increase in the minimum wage. In his

1130:, with about 300,000 individuals working in this arrangement in 2015. At the end of the 20th century, a 16360: 16190: 15612: 15393: 15362: 14864: 13005: 12025: 9416:

Hashimoto, Masanori (October 18, 1987). "The Minimum Wage Law and Youth Crimes: Time-Series Evidence".

8433: 5755: 5557: 3617: 3562:

For fast food workers: NYC employers: $ 16.00; Downstate employers: $ 15.00; Upstate employers: $ 15.00

1737: 1131: 859: 458: 335: 15199: 12648:"Bill 12-16, Human Rights and Civil Liberties – County Minimum Wage – Amount – Annual Adjustment Veto" 10824: 9020: 17011: 15762: 15511: 15450: 15302: 14576: 13948:"Minimum Wage, Labor Standards, Workforce Regulation and Safety, RI Department of Labor and Training" 13023: 12297: 10213: 8456:"Minimum Wages and Employment: A Case Study of the Fast-Food Industry in New Jersey and Pennsylvania" 7942: 6886: 5863: 5635: 5587: 3822: 3778: 3754: 3691: 3605: 3340: 2194: 1226: 969:"It seems to me to be equally plain that no business which depends for existence on paying less than 847: 478: 393: 13679: 12815: 11705: 10493:"$ 15 Minimum Wage, Required Paid Leave Are Coming To Mass., After Gov. Baker Signs 'Grand Bargain'" 8870:"Laboratories of Democracy: What Seattle Learned from Having the Highest Minimum Wage in the Nation" 8199:"Changes in Basic Minimum Wages in Non-Farm Employment Under State Law: Selected Years 1968 to 2021" 4704:

Jobs that a minimum wage is most likely to directly affect are those that pay close to the minimum.

16647: 16148: 15810: 15478: 14602: 12713: 11296: 8151: 7383:"Worker Rights Preemption in the US: A Map of the Campaign to Suppress Worker Rights in the States" 5887: 5871: 5774: 5725: 5671: 5352: 4668: 4535: 4325: 3862: 3814: 3806: 3786: 3774: 3762: 2431: 2391: 2130:

called for an increase in the federal minimum wage to $ 9 an hour; several months later, Democrats

1559:

One reason why the minimum wage may increase employment or have no impact on employment is that if

1537: 1354: 1032: 721: 647: 448: 95: 14275: 14172: 12610: 9624:

Vedder, Richard; Gallaway, Lowell (2002). "The minimum wage and poverty among full-time workers".

8615: 7917: 6207: 5937:"Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938: Maximum Struggle for a Minimum Wage | U.S. Department of Labor" 16545: 15992: 15961: 15757: 15732: 15648: 14381:"D.C. Council overturns wage hike for bartenders, servers — four months after voters approved it" 14147: 14054: 13420: 9150:"The Pass-Through of Minimum Wages into US Retail Prices: Evidence from Supermarket Scanner Data" 8385: 7754: 6168: 6140: 5719: 5605: 5575: 5397: 4546:

Under a 2013 law, wages were raised 50¢ annually until reaching the federal $ 7.25 rate in 2018.

3886: 3770: 3623: 3506: 1510: 1136: 1020: 851: 808:

in 1896. Factory inspector reports and newspaper reporting on the conditions of sweated labor in

630: 529: 463: 418: 15156: 14785: 13235: 13101: 12461:"An Ordinance Relating to Minimum Wage to be Paid to Employees by Employers in Louisville Metro" 11999:"Florida is raising minimum wage to $ 15 per hour. Some economists hope to see a national trend" 10518: 7668: 7128: 6571: 6114: 2702:

In 2019, the CT government passed a law raising the minimum wage to $ 11.00 on October 1, 2019.

17325: 16689: 16652: 16040: 15752: 12398: 5989: 5969: 5867: 5822: 5731: 5683: 5623: 5569: 5563: 5539: 4650: 3898: 3894: 3882: 3874: 3866: 3850: 3846: 3826: 3794: 3782: 3766: 3611: 3512: 3042: 2782:

Minimum wage increased to $ 12.00 on September 30, 2023, with subsequent increases as follows:

2083:

The minimum wage was below its 1960s purchasing power, despite a near doubling of productivity;

1462: 1379: 1222: 1218: 433: 423: 15146: 14839:"Target raises minimum wage to $ 15 an hour for store, distribution and headquarter employees" 14461:"D.C. Law 24-281. District of Columbia Tip Credit Elimination Act of 2022. | D.C. Law Library" 14023: 13199:(Press release). New Jersey Department of Labor and Workforce Development. September 20, 2022. 12216: 11730: 9610:

The Effects of Minimum Wages on the Distribution of Family Incomes: A Non-Parametric Analysis.

9569:"Minimum Wages and the Distribution of Family Incomes in the United States | Equitable Growth" 9554: 9519: 8788:"Why raising the minimum wage in Seattle did little to help workers, according to a new study" 8302: 8198: 6608:(2nd impression (with corrections) ed.). Geneva: International Labour Office. p. 1. 6350: 1773:

A 2016 White House report argued that higher hourly wages led to less crime. The study by the

1257:

has been blamed by various politicians and commentators as a highly significant factor in the

17551: 15147:

Inflation Adjusted Minimum Wage by Year. Compares minimum wage adjusted for inflation by year

15141: 10978: 10688: 7705:"Chicago's Minimum Wage Rising Wednesday to $ 14 Amid Pandemic. For Some, It Won't Be Enough" 5749: 5707: 5653: 5599: 5551: 5545: 5505: 5457:'s racial bias against Birmingham's black-majority city council and citizens." In 2019, the 3902: 3878: 3858: 3802: 3758: 3694:. Ohio's minimum wage increased to $ 10.45 ($ 5.25 for tipped employees) on January 1, 2024. 2912: 2708: 717: 473: 301: 15142:

Minimum Wages for Tipped Employees. United States Department of Labor Wage and Hour Division

14330: 14122: 12593: 12350:"Johnson County leaders, advocates say support for raising local minimum wage will continue" 11964:"What to know about why Delaware is raising its minimum wage from $ 9.25 to $ 10.50 an hour" 9946: 9459: 6994:

Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States

6967:

Protecting Soldiers and Mothers: The Political Origins of Social Policy in the United States

5833:

Click on states on that map to see exact minimum wage info by state. See bottom of page for

4341:

Generally applies to employees who make over $ 30 in tips per month, unless otherwise noted.

1566: 740:

since at least 1994, the earliest year for which effective-minimum-wage data are available.

15695: 14812:"Target raises its minimum wage to $ 13 an hour, with goal of reaching $ 15 by end of 2020" 13009: 11840: 10720: 10602: 10574: 10546: 10174: 7868: 7788:

Immigration and the Workforce: Economic Consequences for the United States and Source Areas

5701: 5677: 5665: 5659: 5629: 5533: 5333: 3890: 3854: 3842: 3838: 3830: 3818: 3620:

city employees: $ 15 (regular and benefits-eligible part-time employees, from July 1, 2018)

3038: 2968: 2799: 2773: 2249:

In April 2014, the U.S. Senate debated the minimum wage on the federal level by way of the

1387: 1383: 1310: 1290: 1238: 1234: 1214: 1183: 805: 590: 493: 483: 14735:"Amazon, Facebook and 8 other companies that have committed to raising their minimum wage" 14503: 12912: 11025: 9545:

Dube, Arindrajit (February 2017). "Minimum Wages and the Distribution of Family Incomes".

8678:

Who Minimum Wage Increases Bite: An Analysis Using Monthly Data from the SIPP and the CPS.

2079:

advocated raising the minimum wage moderately in 2013, citing several reasons, including:

1655:

Change in Real Annual Income: Families below poverty threshold (billions of 2018 dollars)

8: 16802: 14385: 14308: 14280: 12632: 12264: 12240:"80% of Cook County municipalities have opted out of minimum wage, sick leave ordinances" 12047: 11194: 10882: 10658: 10100: 9475: 8938: 8792: 8643: 8076: 8056:

away make at least $ 15.37 under the city's hotel wage law. Neither amount includes tips.

7814: 7781:"When the Minimum Wage Really Bites: The Effect of the U.S.-Level Minimum on Puerto Rico" 7487: 6283: 5647: 5593: 5581: 5527: 5521: 5454: 5438: 4644: 4601: 4205: 3870: 3834: 3810: 3798: 3790: 2672: 2229:

Protest calling for raising the Minneapolis minimum wage to $ 15/hour. September 12, 2016

2098: 1391: 1305:

approved the first consumer price indexing for its minimum wage in the country. In 2003,

1230: 952: 933: 646:. In states with lower or no minimum wage, federal rates apply to workers covered by the 15152:

History of Federal Minimum Wage United States Department of Labor Wage and Hour Division

15151: 15131: 13832:"Oregon House passes minimum wage hike after turbulent debate, sending it to Kate Brown" 12933: 12670: 10911: 5936: 1444: 1353:

Some minimum wage ordinances have an exemption for unionized workers. For instance, the

1076:

Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.

792:

employed large numbers of women and young workers, paying them what were considered non-

15108: 15100: 15048: 15040: 13998: 13210: 12424: 9971: 9828: 9641: 9441: 9433: 9364: 9351: 9318: 9187: 9001: 8919: 8839: 8757: 8596: 8561: 8528: 8338: 8253: 8164:

Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers: All Items in U.S. City Average (CPIAUCSL)

8128: 7542: 7121: 6965: 6861: 6658: 6650: 6584: 6576: 6494: 6486: 6303:"America's Hidden Common Ground on Economic Opportunity and Inequality – Public Agenda" 5737: 5641: 5617: 4680: 4199: 4187: 4162: 4015:

The minimum wage increased to $ 11.20 on January 1, 2024, and is indexed to inflation.

2102: 1402:

vetoed it. Later that year, the council approved an increase without the union waiver.

1363: 1198: 1127: 468: 413: 383: 373: 316: 14891:"Wells Fargo raises hourly minimum wage to $ 15, also to donate $ 400 million in 2018" 14460: 13629:"Police to get midyear pay hike as Winston-Salem raises minimum wage for city workers" 13268: 11129: 8329:

Weintraub, Sidney (December 1956). "A Macroeconomic Approach to the Theory of Wages".

7306:"Workers With Disabilities Can Earn Just $ 3.34 An Hour. Agency Says Law Needs Change" 6089: 5817: 3162:

The minimum wage increased to $ 15.00 ($ 6.75 for tipped workers) on January 1, 2023.

17247: 17176: 15658: 15069: 15052: 14708: 13897: 13172: 12544: 12440: 12154:"Gov. J.B. Pritzker signs law raising Illinois' minimum wage to $ 15 an hour by 2025" 11682: 11678:"Gov. Brown hails deal to raise minimum wage to $ 15 as 'matter of economic justice'" 11503: 10663: 10333: 10010: 10000: 9848: 9645: 9550: 9445: 9368: 9356: 9338: 9191: 9179: 9040: 8993: 8958: 8923: 8843: 8600: 8592: 8565: 8557: 8455: 8425: 8391: 8361: 8308: 8181:"History of Federal Minimum Wage Rates Under the Fair Labor Standards Act, 1938–2009" 8147: 8042: 8038:"Outrage After Big Labor Crafts Law Paying Their Members Less Than Non-union Workers" 7943:"San Francisco Historical Minimum Wage Rates | Office of Labor Standards Enforcement" 7680: 7547: 7462: 7212: 7132: 7099: 7007: 6997: 6972: 6926: 6916: 6820: 6810: 6787: 6777: 6754: 6744: 6721: 6662: 6609: 6588: 6527: 6517: 6498: 6447: 6437: 5450: 5446: 5392: 2977: 2972: 2906: 2209:

ran on a platform of increasing it. Although Sanders did not become the nominee, the

1744: 1492: 820: 753: 552: 16159: 13444:"Some state employees are discovering they're left out of the new $ 15 minimum wage" 13365: 13197:"New Jersey's Minimum Wage to Increase to $ 14.13/Hour for Most Employees on Jan. 1" 10901:"Lake Research Partners. Public Support for Raising the Minimum Wage. February 2012" 9094:"The Effects on Employment and Family Income of Increasing the Federal Minimum Wage" 8761: 7482:"Minimum Wage Groundswell? Seattle, Others Raise Their Statutory Minimum Wage Rates" 7026:

Illiberal Reformers: Race, Eugenics & American Economics in the Progressive Era,

5704:: $ 17.55 since January 1, 2024; unions are exempt from San Jose's minimum wage law. 3509:: $ 12.00 effective January 1, 2023. The minimum wage for tipped employees is $ 7.20 3456:

Minimum wage increased to $ 15.13 on January 1, 2024. On January 17, 2019, Governor

2704:

The minimum wage increased to $ 14.00 on July 1, 2022, and $ 15.00 on June 1, 2023.

1107:, which increased the wage from $ 5.15 per hour in 2007 to $ 7.25 per hour in 2009. 15982: 15956: 15746: 15473: 15468: 15096: 15030: 15000: 11815: 9633: 9425: 9346: 9330: 9169: 9161: 9032: 8950: 8909: 8829: 8747: 8588: 8553: 8507: 8219: 7452: 6851: 6711: 6642: 6566: 6558: 6478: 5985: 5965: 5843: 5834: 5650:: $ 16.50 since January 1, 2024; unions are exempt from Oakland's minimum wage law. 5387: 4422: 4143:

The minimum wage in Virginia increased from $ 11.00 to $ 12.00 on January 1, 2023.

3528: 2174: 1818: 1503: 1423: 1294: 1167: 1163: 922: 906: 902: 839: 736: 725: 639: 306: 14435: 14101: 13389: 11816:"City of San Mateo Minimum Wage Ordinance | San Mateo, CA – Official Website" 10467: 9211:"Wages, Minimum Wages, and Price Pass-Through: The Case of McDonald's Restaurants" 7996: 7066: 1154: 16807: 15715: 11651: 11524: 10233: 9953: 9691: 9240:"What minimum-wage increases did to McDonald's restaurants — and their employees" 9036: 8155: 7168: 7093: 5319: 4638: 3614:

city employees: Latest living wage adjustment to $ 17.60, effective July 1, 2022.

2981: 2186: 2110: 1865: 1845: 1733: 1415: 1399: 1313:

were the first cities to approve consumer price indexing for their minimum wage.

1187: 1042: 995:

made the first attempt at establishing a national minimum wage regiment with the

956: 947:. As a consequence, many prominent Progressive economists at the time, including 878: 865: 798: 688: 198: 17262: 15136: 11157: 10956: 9290:"Raising the Minimum Wage by $ 1 May Prevent Thousands of Suicides, Study Shows" 15736: 11216: 10654:"Sanders and 21 Democrats introduce bill to raise minimum wage to $ 15 an hour" 10418: 10390: 10278:"The rapid success of Fight for $ 15: 'This is a trend that cannot be stopped'" 9876: 9319:"Effects of Increased Minimum Wages by Unemployment Rate on Suicide in the USA" 9174: 8735:"Minimum Wage Increases, Wages, and Low-Wage Employment: Evidence from Seattle" 8718: 7044: 6646: 6482: 5462: 4674: 4503: 4329: 3972: 3575: 2900: 2769: 2768:

September 30 (effective January 1 of the following calendar year) based upon a

2266: 2234: 2202: 2182: 2019: 1861: 1289:

Some politicians in the United States advocate linking the minimum wage to the

1209:

eventually matching the rate statewide by 2025. Similarly, the minimum wage in

1099: 1019:(1937) and upheld the constitutionality of minimum wage legislation enacted by 873:

which proved pivotal in the passage of the first U.S. minimum wage legislation.

705: 651: 121: 15137:

Federal Minimum Wage. United States Department of Labor Wage and Hour Division

14965: 14943: 14918: 14558:"Gobernador convierte en ley aumento al salario mínimo a partir de enero 2022" 13548:"Greensboro City Council Approves $ 543.5M Budget, $ 15 Per Hour Minimum Wage" 11868: 9637: 9148:

Renkin, Tobias; Montialoux, Claire; Siegenthaler, Michael (October 30, 2020).

8163: 7835:"Memo to the Fight for $ 15: Puerto Rico Happens with a Too High Minimum Wage" 7642: 6675: 6414: 2333:

employees that are ineffective. During an interview on FOX Business Network's

731:

Employers have to pay workers the highest minimum wage of those prescribed by

17545: 16750: 13836: 13290: 11073: 10829: 10801: 10667: 10337: 10226: 9778: 9342: 9334: 9183: 9044: 8997: 8962: 8874: 8697: 8429: 8381: 7551: 7466: 6930: 6824: 6791: 6725: 6531: 5695: 4464: 4448: 4215: 3558:

Hospitality Industry varies. As of December 31, 2023 they are the following:

3408: 3142: 2985: 2190: 2166: 2162: 2105: 2072:

among unskilled and young workers, while 26.5% disagreed with the statement.

1856: 1748: 1524: 1502:

conducted by Tom Stanley in 2005 in contrast found that there is evidence of

1499: 1484: 1466: 1375: 1306: 1179: 886: 697: 14635: 14250:"Minimum wage for state workers to go to $ 15 an hour under governor's plan" 12837:"Minnesota minimum-wage report | Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry" 12072: 10769:"Fmr. McDonald's USA CEO: $ 35K Robots Cheaper Than Hiring at $ 15 Per Hour" 10014: 8180: 7186: 7011: 6996:. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. p. 423. 6758: 6451: 6434:

The Quest for a Living Wage: The History of the Federal Minimum Wage Program

6034: 2225: 2205:

introduced a bill in 2015 that would raise the minimum wage to $ 15, and in

2089:

A high level of public support, specifically Democrats and Republican women.

14690:"Bank of America is raising its minimum wage for employees to $ 20 an hour" 14533:"Dems vote with GOP to delay minimum wage hike in Northern Mariana Islands" 13778:"BOLI : Oregon Minimum Wage : For Workers : State of Oregon" 13469:"Gov. Roy Cooper signs $ 25.9 billion North Carolina state budget into law" 13154:"N.J. minimum wage to rise to $ 15 an hour as Murphy, top Dems strike deal" 12594:

Maryland Minimum Wage and Overtime Law – Employment Standards Service (ESS)

11780: 11458: 11380: 11346: 11070:"Alaska bars employers from paying disabled workers less than minimum wage" 10937:"Majority of Americans support $ 15 minimum wage, Reuters/Ipsos poll shows" 10773: 10328: 10282: 9501: 9360: 7598: 7276:"Advocates Fight To Keep Sheltered Workshops For Workers With Disabilities" 6677: 6416: 5412: 5402: 5377: 4625: 4145:

Future minimum wage increases pending Virginia General Assembly enactment:

3995: 3939: 3914: 3644: 2387: 2270: 2258: 2178: 2151: 2127: 2076: 2069: 1479: 948: 709: 701: 13657: 11431: 11007: 10236:

Economist Statement on the Federal Minimum Wage, Economic Policy Institute

8954: 8511: 7791: 6676:

Broda, Rudolf; United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics (December 1928).

6415:

Broda, Rudolf; United States. Bureau of Labor Statistics (December 1928).

5909: 5761:

Same minimum wage for both tipped and non-tipped employees on state level.

3515:: $ 12.36 and the tipped minimum wage is $ 4.95 effective January 1, 2024. 3045:

ruled that localities do not have authority to increase the minimum wage.

3041:: $ 8.10 from July 1, 2015, and increases to $ 9.00 by 2017. However, the 16096: 16068: 15727: 11478: 10324:"Fight for $ 15 protesters across US demand living wage in day of action" 9994: 9715:"Working but Still Struggling: The Case for a New York City Minimum Wage" 9244: 9165: 8816: 8734: 5372: 4692: 4551: 3627: 3457: 3262: 2682: 2285: 2242: 2238: 2170: 2008: 1567:

Congressional Budget Office's estimates of federal minimum wage increases

1398:

enacted a minimum wage ordinance that included a union waiver, but Mayor

1371: 1254: 1210: 1119: 970: 914: 793: 15044: 15035: 15016: 11801: 9093: 9068:"The Effects of a Minimum Wage Increase on Employment and Family Income" 9067: 8900:

Cengiz, Doruk; Dube, Arindrajit; Lindner, Attila; Zipperer, Ben (2019).

8660: 8276:"The U.S. Economy Is Suffering from Low Demand. Higher Wages Would Help" 7729: 7457: 7440: 7067:"Franklin Roosevelt's Statement on the National Industrial Recovery Act" 6716: 6699: 5487:

Flagstaff: $ 17.40 regular and $ 15.90 tipped effective January 1, 2024.

3521:: $ 14.03 and the tipped minimum wage is $ 4.21 effective March 1, 2023. 3464:

January 1, 2024: $ 15.00 regular, $ 13.50 seasonal, $ 12.50 agricultural

842:

for sweated labor developed in the United States towards the end of the

15257: 14603:"EMPLOYEE RIGHTS, THE UNITED STATES VIRGIN ISLANDS DEPARTMENT OF LABOR" 13947: 12866: 12520:"Kentucky Supreme Court Strikes Down Louisville Minimum Wage Ordinance" 9609: 9594: 9149: 9005: 8981: 8677: 8342: 6865: 6654: 6580: 6490: 5407: 5138:

In 2008, two occupations paid a median wage less than $ 8.00 per hour:

4632: 4265: 3480: 3432: 2780:, using the rate of inflation for the 12 months prior to September 1). 2614: 2350: 2276: 2198: 2131: 1613:

Workers above new Minimum Wage that could see wage increase (millions)

1599:

Workers below new Minimum Wage that could see wage increase (millions)

1475: 1123: 898: 843: 777: 635: 14360:

Fiscal Impact Statement – Fair Shot Minimum wage Amendment Act of 2016

12324:"On Iowa Blocking All Local Minimum Wage and Employment Benefits Laws" 9437: 7599:"Minimum Wage Ordinance (MWO) – Office of Labor Standards Enforcement" 7382: 7248:"Can California find better paying jobs for people with disabilities?" 6605:

Minimum Wage Fixing: An International Review of Practices and Problems

1711:

Change in Real Annual Income: All families (billions of 2018 dollars)

15987: 14992: 14050:"Dallas County raises minimum wage for its employees to $ 15 an hour" 12493:"AFSCME | Louisville Council Raises Minimum Wage to $ 9 an Hour" 11459:

Thomas A. Davis; Tammy L. Baker; David T. Wiley (December 16, 2019).

11322:"Pritzker signs bill to increase minimum hourly wage to $ 15 by 2025" 9316: 8879: 8616:"Why Does the Minimum Wage Have No Discernible Effect on Employment?" 8156:

Federal Minimum Hourly Wage for Nonfarm Workers for the United States

6913:

Bound by Our Constitution : Women, Workers, and the Minimum Wage

6807:

Bound by Our Constitution : Women, Workers, and the Minimum Wage

6514:

Bound by Our Constitution : Women, Workers, and the Minimum Wage

5689: 5437:

Local laws (including a local $ 10.10 minimum wage law passed by the

4241: 4020: 3223: 3050: 2707:

Starting on January 1, 2024, the minimum wage will be indexed to the

2155: 2054: 1560: 1298: 809: 789: 781: 765: 13722:"Your Rights Under the Oklahoma Minimum Wage Act 40O.S.§ 197.1" 13340: 13316:"New York State Increases Minimum Wage and Enacts Paid Family Leave" 12375:"Sebelius signs bill to raise Kansas minimum wage to $ 7.25 an hour" 11863: 11861: 11731:"Minimum Wage Ordinance | City of Emeryville, CA – Official Website" 10138:"GOP Candidates Resoundingly Reject The Idea of a Minimum Wage Hike" 6630: 6546: 6466: 2357:

A Lake Research Partners poll in February 2012 found the following:

1013:, the Supreme Court took up the issue of labor legislation again in 16090: 15085:"Minimum wage legislation in the United States, Volume 12, Issue 3" 15005: 14966:"National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates United States" 14944:"National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates United States" 14919:"National Occupational Employment and Wage Estimates United States" 14865:"Walmart raises starting pay; redesigns bonuses for store managers" 14659:"Amazon Sets $ 15 Minimum Wage For U.S. Employees, Including Temps" 13052:"Nevada's minimum wage and daily overtime rates unchanged for 2013" 13028: 12128:"Hourly Minimum Wage Rates by Year – Fair Labor Standards Division" 11577:"Phoenix extends $ 15 minimum wage to year-round part-time workers" 10303: 10142: 9808: 9429: 8914: 8901: 8834: 8815:

Jardim, Ekaterina; Long, Mark C.; Plotnick, Robert (October 2018).

8752: 7071:

Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum Our Documents

6856: 6839: 6562: 5236:

Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food

5178:

Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food

4950:

Combined food preparation and serving workers, including fast food

4662: 4123: 3699: 3348: 3285: 3235: 3170: 3106: 3018: 2877: 2717: 2650: 2590: 2480:

will reach $ 15 per hour by 2025 with increases beginning in 2020.

2477: 2281: 1330: 1326: 1206: 992: 11706:"California's minimum wage rises again on Jan. 1. Here's how much" 10852:"Most See Inequality Growing, but Partisans Differ over Solutions" 10227:

Over 600 Economists Sign Letter In Support of $ 10.10 Minimum Wage

10096:

Democrats back $ 15 minimum wage, but stalemate on Social Security

8714:"Highest Minimum-Wage State Washington Beats U.S. in Job Creation" 8639:"Economists disagree on whether the minimum wage kills jobs. Why?" 7810:"Puerto Rico's Crisis Illustrates the Risks of Minimum Wage Hikes" 7676:"Los Angeles City Council Approves Landmark Minimum Wage Increase" 6635:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

6471:

The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science

3339:

Minimum wage rate is automatically adjusted annually based on the

1031:

era. In 1938, the minimum wage was re-established pursuant to the

11858: 10630: 4686: 4278: 4193: 4098: 3319: 2922: 2747: 2566: 2519: 2053:

According to a February 2013 survey of the University of Chicago

1541: 1359: 1334: 1322: 1318: 1202: 1194: 869:

Massachusetts militiamen surround a group of strikers during the

12394:"Kansas' minimum wage to change from $ 2.65 to $ 7.25 on Jan. 1" 9935: 8803:

work had fewer hours than they would have without the wage hike.

7511:"Seattle City Takes Lead to Raise Minimum Wage to $ 15 Per Hour" 6394:"Hawaii Governor Signs $ 18 Minimum Wage Law, First of Its Kind" 6254:"$ 15 Minimum Wage Would Reduce Poverty But Cost Jobs, CBO Says" 5035:

Counter attendants, cafeteria, food concession, and coffee shop

3252:

Minneapolis: $ 15.57, effective for all businesses July 1, 2024.

3238:

working for hotels, motels, lodging establishments, or resorts)

15742: 14304:"D.C. lawmakers approve $ 15 minimum wage, joining N.Y., Calif" 14212:. Wisconsin Department of Workforce Development. July 24, 2009. 14096: 14094: 12026:"Minimum Wage Change – Spotlight – Georgia Department of Labor" 11130:"Fact Sheet #32: Youth Minimum Wage – Fair Labor Standards Act" 9127:

The Minimum Wage, Restaurant Prices, and Labor Market Structure

8817:"Minimum Wage Increases And Individual Employment Trajectories" 8733:

Jardim, Ekaterina; Long, Mark C.; Plotnick, Robert (May 2018).

8523: 8521: 7213:"Fact Sheet #32: Youth Minimum Wage – Fair Labor Standards Act" 6774:

Bound by Our Constitution: Women, Workers, and the Minimum Wage

6062:"Working for $ 7.25 an Hour: Exploring the Minimum Wage Debate" 6004: 5780: 5313: 4656: 4202:: $ 19.71 for airport-related businesses since January 1, 2024. 3724: 3374: 3234:$ 8.85 (for small employers; training; youth; and employees in 2993: 2828: 2542: 2094: 2022:

of a sample of 210 Ph.D. economists randomly selected from the

1414:

Timeline of federal minimum hourly wage for the United States.

1338: 1314: 855: 13879:"Gov. Wolf raises minimum wage for Pennsylvania state workers" 11756:"City of Mountain View – Mountain View Minimum Wage Ordinance" 11297:"New York City, New York Minimum Wage 2019 – Minimum-Wage.org" 10742: 10299:"Democrats Advance Most Progressive Platform in Party History" 9595:

The Effects of Minimum Wages Throughout the Wage Distribution.

8937:

Derenoncourt, Ellora; Montialoux, Claire (December 22, 2020).

8123: 13390:"Hospitality Industry Wage Order Effective December 31, 2016" 12958: 12892:"Missouri Proposition B, $ 12 Minimum Wage Initiative (2018)" 9945:, in: Journal of Economic Review, Vol. 34, No. 4, S. 369–387 9892:"Seven Nobel Laureates Endorse Increase in U.S. Minimum Wage" 7779:

Castillo-Freeman, Alida; Freeman, Richard B. (January 1992).

7411:"City Minimum Wage Laws: Recent Trends and Economic Evidence" 7334:"Subminimum Wages For The Disabled: Godsend Or Exploitation?" 6325:"Public Wants Stimulus Checks More Than GOP Support for Plan" 5442: 4067:

Dallas County employees: $ 15.00 (effective October 1, 2019).

4043: 3073: 2853: 940:, which gave women the right to vote and equal legal status. 749: 15161: 14091: 13974:"Gov. McKee signs 4 years of RI minimum wage hikes into law" 13918:"Higher Minimum Wage for Pennsylvania | Office of the Mayor" 12959:"Governor Bullock announces Montana's minimum wage for 2021" 10322:

Oakland, Jana Kasperkevic Ronnie Cohen in (April 14, 2016).

9147: 8518: 7993:"ACORN and Unions Increase Working Wages Across the Country" 7591: 3397:

Same minimum wage for both tipped and non-tipped employees.

2233:

Since 2012, a growing protest and advocacy movement called "

14816: 12209:"Minimum Wage Ordinance and Regulations | CookCountyIL.gov" 12003: 11551:"Phoenix Council Raises City Employee Minimum Wage To $ 15" 10797:"Amazon is raising its minimum wage to $ 15 for US workers" 10598:"Centrist Republicans cool to minimum wage hike compromise" 10189:

Paul Ryan opposes minimum wage hike, says it would nix jobs

8360:(11 ed.). Mason, OH: South-Western. pp. 27, 154. 5777:: $ 15.69 since January 1, 2024. Unincorporated areas only. 5716:: $ 17.06 since January 1, 2024. Unincorporated areas only. 5270:

Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers

4967:

Dining room and cafeteria attendants and bartender helpers

4520: 4074: 3669: 3216:

Jan. 1, 2031: $ 12.05 regular, $ 10.24 youth, $ 4.58 tipped

3213:

Jan. 1, 2030: $ 11.79 regular, $ 10.02 youth, $ 4.48 tipped

2946: 1342: 973:

to its workers has any right to continue in this country."

735:, state, and local laws. In August 2022, 30 states and the 14628:"Virgin Islands Minimum Wage Increases to $ 8.35 Per Hour" 13575:"Raleigh City Council adopts Universal Living Wage policy" 11093: 11091: 9884: 9687:"LA's New Minimum Wage Isn't Worth Anywhere Close To $ 15" 8301:

Hsu, Chang Samuel; Robinson, Paul R. (December 20, 2017).

4875:

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations

4782:

Building and grounds cleaning and maintenance occupations

3210:

Jan. 1, 2029: $ 11.54 regular, $ 9.81 youth, $ 4.39 tipped

3207:

Jan. 1, 2028: $ 11.29 regular, $ 9.60 youth, $ 4.29 tipped

3204:

Jan. 1, 2027: $ 11.04 regular, $ 9.38 youth, $ 4.19 tipped

3201:

Jan. 1, 2026: $ 10.80 regular, $ 9.18 youth, $ 4.10 tipped

3198:

Jan. 1, 2025: $ 10.56 regular, $ 8.98 youth, $ 4.01 tipped

3195:

Jan. 1, 2024: $ 10.33 regular, $ 8.78 youth, $ 3.93 tipped

15126:

Income of Families and Persons in the United States: 1950

14663: 12048:"LexisNexis® Custom Solution: Georgia Code Research Tool" 11187:"Federal minimum wage will increase to $ 7.25 on July 24" 10941: 10689:"H.R.15 – 115th Congress (2017–2018): Raise the Wage Act" 9460:

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/pop4.249

9269: 8899: 8249:"States' Minimum Wages Rise, Helping Millions of Workers" 8066: 8064: 7338: 7310: 7280: 6915:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. pp. 70–71. 6380:"Hawaii could have nation's highest minimum wage in 2028" 6258: 6208:"The Budgetary Effects of the Raise the Wage Act of 2021" 6175: 6145: 5052:

Hosts and hostesses, restaurant, lounge, and coffee shop

1110: 13057:. Nevada Office of the Labor Commissioner. April 1, 2013 12611:

Maryland Minimum Wage and Overtime Law Montgomery County

10198: 9872:"Seven Nobel Laureates Endorse Higher U.S. Minimum Wage" 5614:: $ 17.27 since July 1, 2024. Unincorporated areas only. 5120:

Farmworkers and laborers, crop, nursery, and greenhouse

4699: 3401:

July 1, 2024: Lower Tier $ 11.00 and Higher Tier $ 12.00

3395:

pay employees $ 1 per hour less at the Lower Tier rate.

1736:, or switch to imported products, due to the effects of 1193:

In the current wave of minimum wage legislative action,

1122:

veterans have opportunities for employment. Since then,

14760:"Why Charter is providing a $ 15 per hour minimum wage" 12981:"Nebraska Minimum Wage Increase, Initiative 425 (2014)" 12628:"Leggett vetoes $ 15 minimum wage in Montgomery County" 11088: 10247:"Sanders Introduces Bill for $ 15-an-Hour Minimum Wage" 9996:

Basic economics : a citizen's guide to the economy

9209:

Ashenfelter, Orley; Jurajda, Štěpán (January 1, 2021).

7778: 7028:(Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2016): 158-167. 4469:

District of Columbia Tip Credit Elimination Act of 2022

3470:

January 1, 2026: $ 15.00 seasonal, $ 14.20 agricultural

3467:

January 1, 2025: $ 14.30 seasonal, $ 13.40 agricultural

720:, but later found to be unconstitutional. In 1938, the 708:

and a range of state and local laws. The first federal

15014: 14990: 13102:"Minimum Wage – Minimum Wage – NH Department of Labor" 12615:

Maryland Department of Labor, Licensing and Regulation

8936: 8481: 8479: 8061: 4459:

The minimum wage established by the federal government

2823:

when the federal rate is greater than the state rate.

1041:(1941), holding that Congress had the power under the 16189: 15065:

Foundations of Real-World Economics: 3rd edition, 9.1

12075:. Hawaii Department of Labor and Industrial Relations 11407:"Bentley signs bill blocking Birmingham minimum wage" 10716:"Sanders, Democrats introduce $ 15 minimum wage bill" 10386:"Los Angeles Lifts Its Minimum Wage to $ 15 Per Hour" 9999:(Rev. and expanded ed.). New York: Basic Books. 8358:

Microeconomic Theory: Basic Principles and Extensions

7574:"Washington City Votes to Raise Minimum Wage to $ 15" 6809:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 68. 6776:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 63. 6516:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 67. 6167:

Vanek-Smith, Stacey; Garcia, Cardiff (May 16, 2019).

6139:

Vanek-Smith, Stacey; Garcia, Cardiff (May 16, 2019).

2354:

federal minimum wage, and 54% of whites opposing it.

2045:

16.9% favored increasing it by more than $ 1 per hour

2039:

5.2% favored increasing it by about 50 cents per hour

1641:

Change in the number of people in poverty (millions)

15608:

Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States

11387:. United States Department of Labor. January 1, 2013 11248:. U.S. Government Publishing Office. August 20, 1996 10979:"Employee Rights Under the Fair Labor Standards Act" 10542:"Obama: Congress has 'clear choice' on minimum wage" 9661:"$ 15 Minimum Wages Will Substantially Raise Prices" 9380: 9378: 8093:"Minimum Wage Loophole Written to Help Labor Unions" 8072:"Minimum wage loophole written to help labor unions" 7491:. Mintz, Levin, Cohn, Ferris, Glovsky and Popeo, P.C 6743:. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. p. 11. 6202: 6200: 6198: 5309: 2341:

competitors to increase their worker costs as well.

2288:

for a single, childless individual according to the

724:

established it at 25¢ an hour ($ 5.41 in 2023). Its

16200:

List of states and territories of the United States

14657:Chappell, Bill; Wamsley, Laurel (October 2, 2018). 14486:"President Obama signs Minimum Wage delay into Law" 14127:

Washington State Department of Labor and Industries

14117: 14115: 14113: 14111: 13341:"Minimum Wage – New York State Department of Labor" 13077:"STATE OF NEVADA MINIMUM WAGE 2020 ANNUAL BULLETIN" 13016: 11525:"Minimum Wage | City of Flagstaff Official Website" 9498:"The Best Economic News No One Wants to Talk About" 8578: 8476: 7441:"City Limits: What Do Local-Area Minimum Wages Do?" 5453:on the grounds that its passage "was rooted in the 3637:

city employees: $ 14.31 (effective January 1, 2021)

3369:Minimum wage increased to $ 12.00 January 1, 2024. 2640:

Part of a chain of at least 60 locations nationwide

2220: 1627:Change in employment in an average week (millions) 1274:

Puerto Rico Department of Labor and Human Resources

15952:U.S. International Development Finance Corporation 15015:Fishback, Price V.; Andrew Seltzer (Winter 2021). 12934:"Living Wage | KCMO.gov – City of Kansas City, MO" 10626:"A minimum-wage hike finds hope in U.S. heartland" 9411: 9409: 9208: 8814: 8732: 8544:Stanley, T. D. (2005). "Beyond Publication Bias". 7995:. Common Dreams. November 11, 2006. Archived from 7856:Krueger, A.; Teja, R.; Wolfe, A. (June 29, 2015). 7625:"State Minimum Wages | 2017 Minimum Wage by State" 7241: 7239: 7237: 7120: 6964: 6277:Morath, Eric; Duehren, Andrew (February 8, 2021). 6059: 5917:. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service 877:In 1910, in conjunction with advocacy work led by 17292: 14995:(Report). Working Paper 26937. Cambridge, Mass.: 14991:Fishback, Price V.; Andrew Seltzer (April 2020). 13750:"Your Rights Under the Oklahoma Minimum Wage Act" 13654:"N.D.C.C. Chapter 34-06: Minimum Wages and Hours" 12265:"Indiana Minimum Wage Law : $ 7.25 per hour" 10844: 10533: 10384:Medina, Jennifer; Scheiber, Noam (May 19, 2015). 9836: 9375: 7538:"Voters in SeaTac, Wash., Back $ 15 Minimum Wage" 7327: 7325: 7299: 7297: 7295: 7269: 7267: 7265: 6631:"The Minimum Wage in Great Britain and Australia" 6467:"The Minimum Wage in Great Britain and Australia" 6195: 6166: 6138: 4824:Food preparation and serving related occupations 4731:Food preparation and serving related occupations 2643:Sells food and beverage for immediate consumption 2042:15.6% favored increasing it by about $ 1 per hour 1253:In contrast, the relatively high minimum wage in 1103:2009 increase was the last of three steps of the 650:. Special minimum wages apply to some workers in 17543: 15801:Office of the United States Trade Representative 14108: 12714:"LARA – New Minimum Wage for Michigan Employees" 12466:. Louisville Kentucky Government. Archived from 11942:portal.ct.gov, The Office of Governor Ned Lamont 9804:"600 Economists Now Back A $ 10.10 Minimum Wage" 8416:Konczal, Mike; Covert, Bryce (October 8, 2014). 7855: 7651:"D.C. Gives Final Approval to $ 15 Minimum Wage" 5461:held, in a 7–5 vote, that the plaintiffs lacked 3136:, but was later vetoed by the County Executive. 812:, Victoria, led in 1895 to the formation of the 15017:"The Rise of American Minimum Wages, 1912–1968" 14656: 13704:"Ohio minimum wage to go up 10 cents next week" 12603: 12598:Department of Labor, Licensing & Regulation 11268:"Minimum Wage by State 2022 and 2023 Increases" 10589: 10296: 9520:"Characteristics of Minimum Wage Workers, 2016" 9406: 9256: 9062: 9060: 9058: 9056: 9054: 8356:Nicholson, Walter; Snyder, Christopher (2012). 8355: 7234: 6880:"Acts and resolves passed by the General Court" 6700:"The Rise of American Minimum Wages, 1912–1968" 6698:Fishback, Price V.; Seltzer, Andrew J. (2021). 6697: 6436:. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. p. 2. 6351:"Characteristics of Minimum Wage Workers, 2019" 6247: 6245: 4344: 3126:Minimum wage is $ 15.00 as of January 1, 2024. 2026:, found that, regarding the U.S. minimum wage: 1762:Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health. 1747:. Similarly, a 2021 study which covered 10,000 14436:"DC Legislation Information Management System" 13772: 13770: 13291:"Santa Fe County : Living Wage Ordinance" 13024:"Minimum Wage Raise Passes In Four GOP States" 12913:"Minimum wage hike set to reverse in Missouri" 11893:. Colorado DOLE. December 2012. Archived from 10795:Campbell, Alexia Fernández (October 2, 2018). 10414:"A $ 15 Minimum Wage Bombshell in Los Angeles" 10383: 9941:Fuller, Dan and Doris Geide-Stevenson (2003): 9864: 9824:"Economists Hit Back in the Minimum-Wage Wars" 9753:Survey of US Economists on a $ 15 Minimum Wage 9623: 9265:"What McDonald's Shows About The Minimum Wage" 9019:Strobl, Eric; Walsh, Frank (October 1, 2016). 8497: 7801: 7405: 7403: 7322: 7317:happy to be there and take away their choices. 7292: 7262: 5959: 5957: 5459:U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit 4378: 4376: 4374: 4364: 4362: 4360: 4358: 4356: 2108:has criticized minimum wage laws. In his book 2057:, which includes approximately 40 economists: 17278: 16175: 15185: 14993:The Rise of American Minimum Wages, 1912–1968 14581:Sociedad para la Gerencia de Recursos Humanos 11938:"Governor Lamont Signs Minimum Wage Increase" 11656:California Department of Industrial Relations 11620: 11618: 11375: 11373: 11371: 11369: 11367: 11100:"Hawaii Repeals "Disability Subminimum Wage"" 11026:"Exemptions to the Minimum Wage and the FLSA" 10405: 10377: 10029:Where Do Democrats Stand on the Minimum Wage? 8418:"The Score: Does the Minimum Wage Kill Jobs?" 8415: 8143: 8141: 8139: 7420:. National Employment Law Project. April 2016 7091: 6971:. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. 6547:"The Economic Theory of a Legal Minimum Wage" 6276: 2007:According to a survey conducted by economist 1126:organizations have hired disabled workers in 611: 15856:United States International Trade Commission 14786:"Costco Raises Minimum Wage to $ 15 an Hour" 14713:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 14577:"Nueva Ley de Salario Mínimo de Puerto Rico" 13971: 13825: 13823: 13600:"FY 2023 Employee Compensation and Benefits" 13177:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( 13151: 12796:. Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry 11676:Myers, John; Dillon, Liam (March 28, 2016). 9816: 9051: 8374: 7623:Legislatures, National Conference of State. 7040:"F.D.R. Makes the Case for the Minimum Wage" 7031: 6242: 5018:Ushers, lobby attendants, and ticket takers 3500:Upcoming New Mexico minimum wage increases: 2213:adopted his $ 15 minimum wage push in their 677: Higher state minimum wage than federal 15132:Minimum wage in the United States at Curlie 15029:(1). American Economic Association: 73–96. 14938: 14936: 14913: 14911: 14530: 13940: 13902:: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 13767: 13411: 13409: 12739:"LARA – What is the Michigan Minimum Wage?" 12453: 12095:"Section 44-1502 – Idaho State Legislature" 11675: 11062: 10083:Democrats Add $ 15 Minimum Wage to Platform 9796: 9018: 8982:"The Economics of Minimum Wage Legislation" 8785: 8779: 8636: 8300: 8119: 8117: 8115: 8113: 7865:Government Development Bank for Puerto Rico 7503: 7438: 7400: 7273: 7092:Levin-Waldman, Oren M. (December 1, 2015). 5954: 4841:Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 4748:Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations 4371: 4353: 3664:Tipped minimum is 67% of the minimum wage. 3503:Jan. 1, 2023: $ 12.00 regular $ 3.00 tipped 665: Lower state minimum wage than federal 17285: 17271: 16182: 16168: 16139: 15821:United States Trade and Development Agency 15192: 15178: 14408:"District of Columbia Minimum Wage Poster" 14224:"Understanding the Wisconsin Minimum Wage" 14077:"VERMONT MINIMUM WAGE TO INCREASE IN 2021" 13181:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list ( 12772:Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry 12391: 12237: 11615: 11479:"MINIMUM WAGE STANDARD AND OVERTIME HOURS" 11364: 11097: 10957:"United States Minimum Wage By State 2013" 10561: 10466:Enforcement, Division of Labor Standards. 10275: 10043: 10041: 9678: 9202: 8136: 7439:Dube, Arindrajit; Lindner, Attila (2021). 6942: 6940: 2117: 618: 604: 76:Industrial Revolution in the United States 15831:Office of the Comptroller of the Currency 15034: 15004: 14968:. US Bureau of Labor Statistics. May 2009 14946:. US Bureau of Labor Statistics. May 2008 14921:. US Bureau of Labor Statistics. May 2006 14354: 14352: 14210:"The Wisconsin's 2009 Minimum Wage Rates" 13820: 13366:"Hospitality Industry Wage Order Summary" 12620: 12292: 12290: 12288: 12122: 12120: 11454: 11452: 11098:Emanuelson, Eric I. Jr. (June 29, 2021). 10351: 10220: 10114: 10112: 10110: 10049:Where the Minimum-Wage Fight Is Being Won 9684: 9415: 9350: 9173: 9086: 8913: 8833: 8800:from the original on September 17, 2016. 8751: 8328: 8304:Springer Handbook of Petroleum Technology 8170:minimum wages pop up for specific months. 7918:"Indexing the Minimum Wage for Inflation" 7456: 7205: 6855: 6738: 6715: 6570: 6431: 6119:National Conference of State Legislatures 5859: 5857: 5812: 5810: 5808: 5806: 5804: 5802: 5363:History of labor law in the United States 3306:Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers. 2093:American economist, novelist, and senior 1875: 1563:power is present within a labour market. 1297:of the minimum wage with time because of 1186:, were the first two cities to introduce 683: Special rules (American Samoa only) 14958: 14933: 14908: 14688:Melloy, Hugh Son, John (April 9, 2019). 14531:Kasperowicz, Pete (September 10, 2013). 14140: 13877:Staff, 6abc Digital (January 31, 2022). 13829: 13406: 12367: 11630:California Office of Legislative Counsel 11432:"Alabama HB174 | 2016 | Regular Session" 10876: 10822: 10794: 10766: 10623: 10511: 10135: 9771: 9262: 9238:Buchwald, Elisabeth (January 30, 2021). 9237: 9021:"Monopsony, minimum wages and migration" 8711: 8532:Foundations and Trends in Microeconomics 8242: 8240: 8110: 7832: 7622: 7479: 7155:, 312 U.S. 100 (1941) is available from: 6359:United States Bureau of Labor Statistics 5984: 5964: 4443:Washington Metropolitan Statistical Area 3829:counties. Rural counties are defined as 3099:Portland: $ 15.00 as of January 1, 2024. 2275: 2224: 2161:In January 2014, seven Nobel economists— 1817: 1540:study which investigated the effects of 1509: 1409: 1002:Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States 864: 776:Minimum wage legislation emerged at the 714:National Industrial Recovery Act of 1933 687: 671: Same state minimum wage as federal 629: 15967:Export–Import Bank of the United States 14732: 14267: 11987:Florida Statutes Section 448.110(4)(a). 11891:"2012 Colorado Minimum Wage Fact Sheet" 11704:Levine, Nathaniel (December 28, 2017). 11626:"California Labor Code § 1182.12(b)(1)" 11548: 11042: 10521:. United States Congress. April 2, 2014 10465: 10321: 10038: 9964: 9312: 9310: 8979: 8867: 8623:Center for Economic and Policy Research 8613: 8581:British Journal of Industrial Relations 8543: 8380: 8214: 8212: 7702: 7535: 7303: 7118: 6962: 6937: 6628: 6511: 6464: 6251: 6007:"Consumer Price Index (estimate) 1800–" 5907: 5882: 5880: 4592:Department of Labor and Human Resources 4409: 4404: 4399: 4335: 2505: 2500: 2495: 2375: 17544: 14809: 14728: 14726: 14724: 14687: 14683: 14681: 14574: 14368:Government of the District of Columbia 14349: 14047: 13928:from the original on November 17, 2020 13830:Kullgren, Ian K. (February 18, 2016). 13126: 13124: 13122: 12517: 12445:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( 12285: 12238:Schmiesing, Marianna (July 31, 2017). 12179:"City of Chicago :: Minimum Wage" 12117: 11996: 11703: 11449: 11291: 11289: 11043:Hopkins, Madison (November 15, 2022). 10713: 10651: 10595: 10567: 10257:from the original on September 6, 2015 10206:"75 economists back minimum wage hike" 10107: 9992: 9287: 9154:The Review of Economics and Statistics 8676:Burkhauser, Couch, Wittenburg (2000). 8246: 7912: 7910: 7826: 7331: 7095:The Minimum Wage: A Reference Handbook 7037: 6910: 6837: 6804: 6771: 6693: 6691: 6689: 6396:. News.bloomberglaw.com. June 22, 2022 5908:Bradley, David H. (February 3, 2016). 5854: 5799: 5368:Income inequality in the United States 4858:Personal care and service occupations 4765:Personal care and service occupations 4689:– $ 14-$ 19/hour depending on location 1814:Income inequality in the United States 1370:, as well as the California cities of 1111:Disability exemption (subminimum wage) 858:, Switzerland, and were introduced to 17266: 16829:Changes in life expectancy, 1985–2010 16813:Statewide elected executive officials 16163: 15846:Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation 15173: 15082: 15068:. Abingdon-on-Thames, UK: Routledge. 15061: 14364:Office of the Chief Financial Officer 14301: 14273: 14024:"Labor Code Chapter 62. Minimum Wage" 13876: 13626: 13572: 13441: 12587: 11574: 10823:Yglesias, Matthew (October 3, 2018). 10624:Sullivan, Andy (September 15, 2014). 10411: 9943:Consensus Among Economists: Revisited 9766:Do Economists Agree on Anything? Yes! 9740:Essentials of Economics, 8th Edition. 9231: 8939:"Minimum Wages and Racial Inequality" 8665:Industrial and Labor Relations Review 8411: 8409: 8407: 8237: 8035: 7849: 7648: 7304:Selyukh, Alina (September 17, 2020). 7274:Sommerstein, David (April 14, 2015). 7245: 7181: 7179: 6991: 6958: 6956: 6601: 6595: 6329:Monmouth University Polling Institute 6270: 6226:from the original on February 8, 2021 6132: 6109: 6107: 6060:Wenger, Jeffrey B. (September 2016). 6005:Federal Reserve Bank of Minneapolis. 5418:List of countries by wealth per adult 4700:Low-paying occupations: 2006 and 2009 3473:January 1, 2027: $ 15.00 agricultural 2018:A 2006 survey conducted by economist 1755: 1284: 1027:decision which marked the end of the 881:of the National Consumer League, the 758:Monmouth University Polling Institute 17237: 17182:District of Columbia and territories 16917:National Register of Historic Places 16021:2008–2010 automotive industry crisis 15851:National Credit Union Administration 15836:Consumer Financial Protection Bureau 14997:National Bureau of Economic Research 14575:Correa, Aimee (September 23, 2021). 13132:"New Jersey's Minimum Wage Postcard" 12392:Rothschild, Scott (April 23, 2009). 12151: 11381:"Minimum Wages for Tipped Employees" 11008:"Minimum Wages for Tipped Employees" 10539: 10276:Greenhouse, Steven (July 24, 2015). 10136:Jamieson, Dave (November 10, 2015). 9720:. New York City Comptroller's Office 9608:Neumark, Shweitzer, Wascher (2005). 9593:Neumark, Shweitzer, Wascher (2004). 9544: 9307: 9263:Rosalsky, Greg (February 16, 2021). 8825:National Bureau of Economic Research 8743:National Bureau of Economic Research 8712:Stilwell, Victoria (March 8, 2014). 8247:Abrams, Rachel (December 31, 2014). 8209: 8187:. United States Department of Labor. 7893:Sistema Único de Trámite Legislativo 7807: 7772: 6544: 6029: 6027: 6025: 6023: 5897:. United States Department of Labor. 5877: 5424: 5086:Amusement and recreation attendants 4677:– $ 15–18/hour depending on location 4665:– $ 15–20/hour depending on location 2455:Youth (First 90 calendar days only) 1807: 1056: 14888: 14721: 14678: 14337:. Department of Employment Services 14048:Garcia, Nick (September 17, 2019). 13991: 13119: 12808: 12552:Maine Department of Labor Standards 12518:Barton, Ryland (October 20, 2016). 11286: 11243:"Public Law 104–188 104th Congress" 11223:. United States Department of Labor 10988:. United States Department of Labor 10767:Limitone, Julia (January 9, 2017). 10596:Bolton, Alexander (April 4, 2014). 10568:Bolton, Alexander (April 8, 2014). 9965:Krugman, Paul (February 17, 2013). 9712: 9288:Dangor, Graison (January 8, 2020). 8349: 8090: 8003: 7907: 7895:. Oficina de Servicios Legislativos 7536:Johnson, Kirk (November 26, 2013). 7222:. United States Department of Labor 7193:. United States Department of Labor 6686: 6343: 6305:. Public Agenda. September 24, 2020 6252:Selyukh, Alina (February 8, 2021). 6092:. United States Department of Labor 6041:. United States Department of Labor 5383:Minimum Wage Fixing Convention 1970 4389: 4175: 4135: 4110: 4007: 3744: 3682: 3448: 3386: 3331: 3297: 3240: 3183: 3085: 2759: 2694: 2662: 2626: 2578: 2554: 2197:which was introduced by US Senator 2141:2016 Democratic National Convention 1855:In contrast, research conducted by 1768: 1430: 1405: 1396:Council of the District of Columbia 1348: 1259:Puerto Rican government-debt crisis 1173: 1045:to regulate employment conditions. 860:Australian minimum wage legislation 81:History of the United States dollar 13: 16798:State superintendents of education 15841:Securities and Exchange Commission 15101:10.1111/j.1465-7295.1974.tb00401.x 14984: 14810:Reagan, Courtney (April 4, 2019). 14733:Connley, Courtney (May 25, 2019). 14276:"D.C. raises minimum wage to $ 15" 14247: 12697:"Public Acts of 2018, Act No. 368" 11997:Konish, Lorie (November 6, 2020). 11961: 11869:"Labor Standards & Statistics" 11575:Stone, Kevin (November 20, 2019). 10877:DeSilver, Drew (January 4, 2017). 10212:. January 14, 2014. Archived from 9418:The Journal of Law & Economics 8943:The Quarterly Journal of Economics 8906:The Quarterly Journal of Economics 8868:Zeitlin, Matthew (July 22, 2019). 8786:Ehrenfreund, Max (July 29, 2016). 8659:Sabia, Burkhauser, Hansen (2012). 8404: 8129:"State Minimum Wages: An Overview" 7513:. Seattle News.Net. Archived from 7176: 6953: 6104: 4619: 4290: 4253: 4227: 4086: 4055: 4031: 3983: 3951: 3926: 3711: 3656: 3587: 3540: 3492: 3420: 3361: 3273: 3154: 3118: 3061: 3030: 3005: 2958: 2934: 2890: 2865: 2840: 2811: 2729: 2602: 2530: 2253:. The bill would have amended the 2189:—and 600 other economists wrote a 1785: 1153: 833: 14: 17573: 16191:United States state-related lists 15120: 14415:Department of Employment Services 13680:"STATE OF OHIO 2021 MINIMUM WAGE" 13236:"Albuquerque Minimum Wage – 2021" 12298:"Wage Frequently Asked Questions" 11504:"LABOR DEPARTMENT – MINIMUM WAGE" 11191:United States Department of Labor 11166:United States Department of Labor 11110:from the original on July 4, 2021 10825:"Why Amazon is fighting for $ 15" 10570:"Reid punts on minimum-wage hike" 10297:Alex Seitz-Wald (July 10, 2016). 9658: 9526:. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 9120:"Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago" 8637:Brad Plumer (February 14, 2013). 8009: 7649:Davis, Aaron C. (June 21, 2016). 7480:Sheridan, Robert (June 3, 2014). 7332:Corley, Cheryl (April 23, 2014). 6020: 5829:United States Department of Labor 5348:List of countries by minimum wage 5343:List of US states by minimum wage 4445:for the preceding twelve months. 3181:$ 4.25 (training) $ 8.78 (youth) 2778:United States Department of Labor 2382:List of US states by minimum wage 2292:living wage calculator as of 2023 2036:14.3% favored keeping it the same 1418:. And inflation-adjusted dollars. 1150:List of US states by minimum wage 1038:United States v. Darby Lumber Co. 17406:Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 17246: 17236: 17227: 17226: 16849:American Human Development Index 16138: 16129: 16128: 15701:Bureau of Engraving and Printing 15217: 15216: 15201: 15109:State Minimum Wages: An Overview 15022:Journal of Economic Perspectives 14882: 14857: 14831: 14803: 14778: 14752: 14650: 14620: 14595: 14568: 14550: 14524: 14496: 14478: 14453: 14428: 14400: 14373: 14331:"Office of Wage-Hour Compliance" 14323: 14302:Davis, Aaron C. (June 7, 2016). 14295: 14241: 14216: 14202: 14190: 14165: 14148:"Seattle Minimum Wage Ordinance" 14069: 14041: 14016: 13999:"Employment Laws – Minimum Wage" 13965: 13910: 13870: 13844: 13795: 13742: 13714: 13696: 13672: 13646: 13620: 13592: 13573:Brown, Joel (January 18, 2017). 13566: 13540: 13515: 13487: 13461: 13435: 13382: 13358: 13333: 13308: 13283: 13253: 13228: 13203: 13189: 13145: 13094: 13069: 13044: 13006:Training wage; rate; limitations 12998: 12973: 12951: 12926: 12905: 12884: 12859: 12829: 12786: 12756: 12731: 12706: 12689: 12663: 12640: 12565: 12537: 12511: 12485: 12413: 12385: 12342: 12316: 12257: 12231: 12201: 12171: 12145: 12087: 12065: 12040: 12018: 11990: 11981: 11955: 11930: 11909: 11883: 11833: 11808: 11794: 11773: 11748: 11723: 11697: 11669: 11644: 11594: 11568: 11549:Dempsey, Geoff (April 4, 2019). 11542: 11517: 11496: 11471: 11424: 11399: 11339: 11314: 11260: 11235: 11209: 11179: 11150: 11122: 11036: 11018: 11000: 10971: 10949: 10929: 10893: 10879:"5 facts about the minimum wage" 10870: 10816: 10788: 10760: 10735: 10714:Carney, Jordain (May 25, 2017). 10707: 10681: 10652:Weigel, David (April 26, 2017). 10645: 10617: 10485: 10459: 10445:Welcome to the State of New York 10433: 10315: 10290: 10269: 10239: 10181: 10162: 10129: 10088: 10075: 10058: 10021: 9986: 9958: 9909: 9758: 9755:. Employment Policies Institute. 9745: 9732: 9706: 9652: 9617: 9602: 9587: 9561: 9538: 9512: 9490: 9474:. Stats.oecd.org. Archived from 9464: 9452: 9281: 9141: 9112: 9012: 8973: 8930: 8893: 8861: 8808: 8726: 8705: 8685: 8670: 8653: 8593:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2009.00723.x 8558:10.1111/j.0950-0804.2005.00250.x 8036:Peter, Jamison (April 9, 2016). 7703:Malagón, Elvia (June 26, 2020). 7445:Journal of Economic Perspectives 7038:Tritch, Teresa (March 7, 2014). 6741:The Politics of the Minimum Wage 6704:Journal of Economic Perspectives 5911:State Minimum Wages: An Overview 5783:: $ 18.29 since January 1, 2024. 5765: 5752:: $ 18.55 since January 1, 2024. 5746:: $ 17.25 since January 1, 2024. 5734:: $ 17.45 since January 1, 2024. 5722:: $ 17.75 since January 1, 2024. 5710:: $ 17.35 since January 1, 2024. 5692:: $ 16.85 since January 1, 2024. 5686:: $ 16.87 since January 1, 2024. 5680:: $ 17.20 since January 1, 2024. 5674:: $ 17.70 since January 1, 2024. 5668:: $ 17.45 since January 1, 2024. 5656:: $ 17.80 since January 1, 2024. 5638:: $ 18.75 since January 1, 2024. 5626:: $ 16.70 since January 1, 2024. 5602:: $ 17.75 since January 1, 2024. 5590:: $ 17.01 since January 1, 2024. 5578:: $ 17.00 since January 1, 2024. 5566:: $ 17.92 since January 1, 2024. 5560:: $ 17.00 since January 1, 2024. 5554:: $ 16.62 since January 1, 2024. 5548:: $ 17.75 since January 1, 2024. 5542:: $ 17.03 since January 1, 2024. 5530:: $ 17.35 since January 1, 2024. 5511: 5498: 5477: 5468: 5431: 5358:Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 5326: 5312: 4568:Federal Fair Labor Standards Act 4291: 4254: 4228: 4176: 4136: 4111: 4087: 4056: 4032: 4008: 3984: 3952: 3927: 3745: 3712: 3683: 3657: 3588: 3541: 3493: 3449: 3421: 3387: 3362: 3332: 3298: 3274: 3241: 3184: 3155: 3119: 3086: 3062: 3031: 3006: 2959: 2935: 2891: 2866: 2841: 2821:Federal Fair Labor Standards Act 2812: 2760: 2730: 2695: 2675:: $ 15.02 since January 1, 2024. 2663: 2627: 2603: 2579: 2555: 2531: 2255:Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 2221:Protests for increasing the wage 1279:Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 1241:and the unincorporated areas of 1061: 997:National Industrial Recovery Act 768:signed the bill the next month. 584: 37: 14764:Charter Communications | Policy 12867:"Minimum Wage | Missouri Labor" 12764:"Minnesota's minimum wage laws" 12675:Labor and Workforce Development 10441:"New York State's Minimum Wage" 9917:"Poll Results | IGM Forum" 9685:Cassleman, Ben (May 20, 2015). 8614:Schmitt, John (February 2013). 8607: 8572: 8537: 8491: 8448: 8321: 8294: 8268: 8224:U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics 8191: 8173: 8166:. Run cursor over graph to see 8084: 8029: 7985: 7960: 7935: 7878: 7747: 7722: 7696: 7616: 7571: 7565: 7529: 7473: 7432: 7375: 7350: 7145: 7112: 7085: 7059: 7018: 6985: 6904: 6872: 6831: 6798: 6765: 6732: 6669: 6622: 6538: 6505: 6458: 6425: 6408: 6386: 6372: 6317: 6295: 6179:. Event occurs at 6:44 to 7:45 6160: 4441:for All Urban Consumers in the 4318: 4312: 4305: 4270:University of Wisconsin-Madison 2207:his 2016 campaign for president 2124:2013 State of the Union Address 1093: 1016:West Coast Hotel Co. v. Parrish 980:President Franklin D. Roosevelt 934:freely negotiate wage contracts 716:, signed into law by President 17293:Minimum wage in North America 17187:America the Beautiful quarters 16739:Politics by state or territory 16103:List of Americans by net worth 15816:National Labor Relations Board 15222:Companies of the United States 15113:Congressional Research Service 14274:Cohen, Kelly (June 28, 2016). 14152:Seattle Office of Civil Rights 13755:. Oklahoma Department of Labor 13627:Young, Wes (August 17, 2020). 12573:"Local Minimum Wage Ordinance" 11841:"Sunnyvale, CA – Minimum Wage" 11781:"Minimum Wage Ordinance (MWO)" 10540:Sink, Justin (April 2, 2014). 10066:$ 15 minimum wage divides Dems 9547:IZA Discussion Paper No. 10572 8125:Congressional Research Service 7886:"Puerto Rico Minimum Wage Act" 7833:Worstall, Tim (July 3, 2015). 7246:Kuang, Jeanne (May 14, 2023). 7127:. Algora Publishing. pp. 6572:2027/uiuo.ark:/13960/t64521b8x 6082: 6053: 5929: 5901: 4588:Minimum Wage Review Commission 2637:Has little to no table service 1899:for select U.S. cities (2015) 1793:marginal propensity to consume 1636:−1.3 Median / 0 to −3.7 range 1633:−0.3 Median / 0 to −0.8 range 1549:Quarterly Journal of Economics 1270:Minimum Wage Review Commission 1248: 1052: 828:first federal minimum wage law 96:United States dollar § History 1: 16391:Federal taxation and spending 16031:China–United States trade war 15826:Customs and Border Protection 15806:Small Business Administration 15489:Metropolitan Statistical Area 14199:Thinkprogress.org, 2014/04/03 14102:"§ 40.1-28.10. Minimum wages" 13442:Doran, Will (June 12, 2018). 13417:"North Carolina minimum wage" 8529:Minimum Wages and Employment. 7858:"Puerto Rico – A Way Forward" 7734:Minimumwage.minneapolismn.gov 5888:"Wage Rate in American Samoa" 5792: 5758:: $ 19.08 since July 1, 2023. 5728:: $ 17.27 since July 1, 2024. 5662:: $ 17.50 since July 1, 2024. 5632:: $ 17.70 since July 1, 2024. 5620:: $ 17.27 since July 1, 2024. 5584:: $ 17.30 since July 1, 2024. 5572:: $ 19.36 since July 1, 2024. 5536:: $ 18.67 since July 1, 2024. 5524:: $ 17.00 since July 1, 2024. 4564:Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 3907:metropolitan service district 2792:$ 15.00 on September 30, 2026 2789:$ 14.00 on September 30, 2025 2786:$ 13.00 on September 30, 2024 2511:Automatic indexed adjustment 2448:Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 2211:Democratic National Committee 2024:American Economic Association 1889: 1884: 1456: 1188:local minimum wage ordinances 1143: 1105:Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 1011:discussion of judicial reform 929:Adkins v. Children's Hospital 814:National Anti-Sweating League 778:end of the nineteenth century 692:Minimum wage by state by year 659: At federal minimum wage 17562:Poverty in the United States 17531:United States Virgin Islands 16970:Cell phone use while driving 16793:State presidents pro tempore 16293:Largest cities by population 16144:Outline of the United States 15208:Economy of the United States 12379:Kansas City Business Journal 11385:Wage and Hour Division (WHD) 11221:Wage and Hour Division (WHD) 10986:Wage and Hour Division (WHD) 10359:"2016 Minimum Wage by State" 10170:GOP blocks minimum-wage hike 9323:J Epidemiol Community Health 9037:10.1016/j.labeco.2016.09.004 8986:The American Economic Review 8331:The American Economic Review 7220:Wage and Hour Division (WHD) 7191:Wage and Hour Division (WHD) 7123:The Case for the Living Wage 7098:. ABC-CLIO. pp. 12–13. 6844:Journal of Political Economy 6629:Hammond, Matthew B. (1913). 6551:Journal of Political Economy 6465:Hammond, Matthew B. (1913). 6432:Willis J., Nordlund (1997). 6039:Wage and Hour Division (WHD) 5999:American Antiquarian Society 5979:American Antiquarian Society 5895:Wage and Hour Division (WHD) 5864:Wage Rates in American Samoa 4478: 4458: 4455:before it could be enacted. 4326:consolidated city and county 3736:$ 14.70 (non-rural counties) 3729:$ 14.70 (non-rural counties) 2450:(FMWA) since July 24, 2009. 2030:46.8% favored eliminating it 2000: 1992: 1984: 1976: 1968: 1960: 1952: 1942: 1932: 1924: 1916: 1864:, professor of economics at 1775:Council of Economic Advisers 1303:Washington State Legislature 1266:Puerto Rico Minimum Wage Act 871:1912 Lawrence textile strike 806:Australian state of Victoria 284:Companies listed on the NYSE 31:Economy of the United States 7: 16912:National Historic Landmarks 16323:Population density (cities) 16026:2008 economic stimulus plan 15618:Water supply and sanitation 13523:"FY 2022-23 Adopted Budget" 13448:Raleigh News & Observer 12794:"MINIMUM WAGE IN MINNESOTA" 12073:"Minimum Wage and Overtime" 11917:"A Livable Wage For Denver" 11602:"Minimum Wage and Overtime" 9967:"Opinion – Raise That Wage" 9613:Journal of Human Resources. 9598:Journal of Human Resources. 9098:Congressional Budget Office 9072:Congressional Budget Office 8980:Stigler, George J. (1946). 8546:Journal of Economic Surveys 7119:Waltman, Jerold L. (2004). 6739:Jerold L., Waltman (2000). 6216:Congressional Budget Office 5305: 5298: 5295: 5292: 5289: 5281: 5278: 5275: 5272: 5264: 5261: 5258: 5255: 5247: 5244: 5241: 5238: 5230: 5227: 5224: 5221: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5172: 5169: 5166: 5163: 5131: 5128: 5125: 5122: 5114: 5111: 5108: 5105: 5097: 5094: 5091: 5088: 5080: 5077: 5074: 5071: 5063: 5060: 5057: 5054: 5046: 5043: 5040: 5037: 5029: 5026: 5023: 5020: 5012: 5009: 5006: 5003: 4995: 4992: 4989: 4986: 4978: 4975: 4972: 4969: 4961: 4958: 4955: 4952: 4944: 4941: 4938: 4935: 4927: 4924: 4921: 4918: 4886: 4883: 4880: 4877: 4869: 4866: 4863: 4860: 4852: 4849: 4846: 4843: 4835: 4832: 4829: 4826: 4793: 4790: 4787: 4784: 4776: 4773: 4770: 4767: 4759: 4756: 4753: 4750: 4742: 4739: 4736: 4733: 4566:, Employers covered by the 4177: 4137: 4112: 4009: 3746: 3684: 3450: 3388: 3333: 3299: 3242: 3185: 3087: 2761: 2696: 2664: 2628: 2580: 2556: 1897:adjusted for cost of living 1573:Congressional Budget Office 1368:Milwaukee County, Wisconsin 962: 911:United States Supreme Court 784:which had developed in the 745:Congressional Budget Office 10: 17578: 17034:Former constitutional bans 16778:State secretaries of state 16521:National Natural Landmarks 16016:2007–2008 financial crisis 15786:Department of the Treasury 14254:Milwaukee Journal Sentinel 14028:Statutes.legis.state.tx.us 12302:Iowa Workforce Development 11465:Wage & Hour Law Update 10193:Milwaukee Business Journal 10085:, NBC News (July 8, 2017). 9713:Liu, John C. (July 2013). 8220:"CPI Inflation Calculator" 6647:10.1177/000271621304800103 6483:10.1177/000271621304800103 4292: 4255: 4229: 4088: 4057: 4033: 3985: 3953: 3928: 3713: 3680:$ 7.25 under 16 years old 3658: 3626:city employees: Universal 3589: 3542: 3494: 3422: 3363: 3275: 3156: 3120: 3063: 3032: 3007: 2960: 2936: 2892: 2867: 2842: 2813: 2740:$ 15.00 on January 1, 2025 2731: 2604: 2532: 2405: 2379: 2033:1.3% favored decreasing it 1998:New York City (Manhattan) 1997: 1989: 1981: 1973: 1965: 1957: 1949: 1937: 1929: 1921: 1913: 1834: 1811: 1738:price elasticity of demand 1205:had reached $ 15.00, with 1147: 883:Women's Trade Union League 771: 17506:Saint Pierre and Miquelon 17424: 17298: 17222: 17084: 16935: 16884: 16821: 16648:Agriculture commissioners 16640: 16559: 16526:National Wildlife Refuges 16498: 16348: 16206: 16197: 16121: 16039: 16001: 15975: 15945:International development 15944: 15869: 15776: 15763:Intercontinental Exchange 15677: 15636: 15564: 15497: 15459: 15266: 15228: 15214: 12656:Montgomery County Council 12524:89.3 WFPL News Louisville 11411:The Montgomery Advertiser 11351:Economic Policy Institute 9896:Economicpolicyjournal.com 9742:Cengage Learning, pp. 31. 9638:10.1007/s12122-002-1016-4 9626:Journal of Labor Research 8527:Neumark, Wascher (2007). 8307:. Springer. p. 552. 8158:. Inflation adjusted (by 7972:Economic Policy Institute 7922:Economic Policy Institute 7808:Lane, C. (July 8, 2015). 7759:Economic Policy Institute 7387:Economic Policy Institute 7362:Economic Policy Institute 6838:Kelley, Florence (1912). 5818:"State Minimum Wage Laws" 4586:The law also created the 3755:U.S. Consumer Price Index 3740:$ 15.95 (Portland metro) 3733:$ 15.95 (Portland metro) 3692:U.S. Consumer Price Index 3341:U.S. Consumer Price Index 3128:For employees working in 2251:Minimum Wage Fairness Act 2195:Minimum Wage Fairness Act 1734:substitute other products 1726: 1500:Statistical meta-analysis 1070:This section needs to be 1023:state and overturned the 786:wake of industrialization 363:Economy by city or county 17526:Turks and Caicos Islands 17002:Law enforcement agencies 16744:Political party strength 16511:Carbon dioxide emissions 16303:Most popular given names 16149:Economy of North America 16011:2006–2012 housing bubble 15811:Internal Revenue Service 15479:Targeted Employment Area 15115:. March 2, 2023. R43792. 13495:"FY 2023 Adopted Budget" 11802:"Minimum Wage Ordinance" 11012:U.S. Department of Labor 10743:"Living Wage Calculator" 9335:10.1136/jech-2019-212981 8500:American Economic Review 8203:U.S. Department of Labor 8152:U.S. Department of Labor 7153:U.S. v. Darby Lumber Co. 5872:U.S. Department of Labor 4669:Huntington National Bank 4536:Northern Mariana Islands 4152:January 1, 2026: $ 15.00 4149:January 1, 2025: $ 13.50 3738:$ 13.70 (rural counties) 3731:$ 13.70 (rural counties) 3597:Fair Labor Standards Act 2488:Wages and tips by state 2470: 2432:Fair Labor Standards Act 2392:Fair Labor Standards Act 2344: 2284:of the United States by 1554:Fair Labor Standards Act 1538:University of Washington 1355:Los Angeles City Council 1033:Fair Labor Standards Act 989:Roosevelt administration 848:National Consumer League 722:Fair Labor Standards Act 648:Fair Labor Standards Act 591:United States portal 21:This article is part of 17557:United States labor law 16844:Human Development Index 16673:Congressional districts 15993:Pathways out of Poverty 15962:Build Back Better World 15914:State unemployment rate 15778:Government institutions 15758:New York Board of Trade 15733:New York Stock Exchange 14055:The Dallas Morning News 13295:www.santafecountynm.gov 12354:Iowa City Press-Citizen 11735:www.ci.emeryville.ca.us 11104:The National Law Review 9993:Sowell, Thomas (2004). 9665:The Heritage Foundation 8387:Economics in One Lesson 8280:Harvard Business Review 6992:Theda, Skocpol (1992). 6141:"The Real Minimum Wage" 5398:United States labor law 5253:Waiters and waitresses 4933:Waiters and waitresses 4582:$ 10.50 on July 1, 2024 3439:$ 12.81 (Agricultural) 3359:75% of federal minimum 2265:In April 2017, Senator 2118:Major political parties 891:Lawrence textile strike 780:from the desire to end 346:State unemployment rate 17456:British Virgin Islands 16861:Infant mortality rates 16724:Libraries and archives 16470:Sovereign wealth funds 16435:Millionaire households 16396:Gross domestic product 16308:Most populous counties 16288:Educational attainment 16113:Science and technology 15879:International rankings 15791:Department of Commerce 15753:Chicago Board of Trade 15461:Special Economic Zones 14504:"Federal Minimum Wage" 14417:. 2016. Archived from 13978:The Providence Journal 13852:"Labor Law Compliance" 13708:Cleveland Plain Dealer 12671:"Minimum Wage Program" 12399:Lawrence Journal-World 11820:www.cityofsanmateo.org 11347:"Minimum Wage Tracker" 10412:Staff (May 20, 2015). 9768:The Economists' Voice. 9751:Fowler, Smith (2015). 8681:South Economic Journal 8463:Davidcard.berkeley.edu 8390:. Three Rivers Press. 8185:US Department of Labor 7968:"Minimum Wage Tracker" 7755:"Minimum Wage Tracker" 6602:Starr, Gerald (1993). 6512:Vivien., Hart (2001). 5868:Wage and Hour Division 5823:Wage and Hour Division 4651:Charter Communications 4579:$ 9.50 on July 1, 2023 3905:(UGB) of the Portland 3043:Kentucky Supreme Court 2386:This is a list of the 2329: 2230: 2201:in 2013. U.S. Senator 1895:Effective minimum wage 1876:Federal budget deficit 1823: 1516: 1463:neoclassical economics 1440: 1419: 1158: 975: 874: 712:was instituted in the 693: 685: 17396:Saint Kitts and Nevis 16465:Socioeconomic factors 16236:Birth and death rates 15253:Industrial Revolution 14197:Virginia minimum wage 13633:Winston-Salem Journal 12545:"Minimum Wage Poster" 12099:Legislature.idaho.gov 11897:on September 26, 2013 8512:10.1257/aer.90.5.1362 6911:Vivien, Hart (2001). 6805:Vivien, Hart (2001). 6772:Vivien, Hart (2001). 6545:Webb, Sidney (1912). 6170:The Real Minimum Wage 6115:"State Minimum Wages" 5353:Average worker's wage 4653:/Spectrum – $ 15/hour 3965:Jan. 1, 2025: $ 15.00 3962:Jan. 1, 2024: $ 14.00 3903:urban growth boundary 2709:Employment Cost Index 2279: 2228: 2149:Speakers of the House 1821: 1812:Further information: 1513: 1435: 1413: 1157: 967: 868: 718:Franklin D. Roosevelt 691: 633: 17209:Temperature extremes 17007:Legality of cannabis 16985:Firearms death rates 16902:Historical societies 16803:State supreme courts 16788:State chief justices 16712:Lieutenant governors 15976:Economic initiatives 14638:on December 21, 2016 14562:www.fortaleza.pr.gov 14424:on January 26, 2017. 14358:DeWitt, Jeffrey S. " 14173:"West Virginia Code" 13924:. January 31, 2019. 13922:City of Philadelphia 13710:. December 30, 2010. 13010:Nebraska Legislature 12702:. December 14, 2018. 12600:. State of Maryland. 12499:on December 27, 2014 12427:on September 7, 2015 12219:on February 18, 2019 12213:www.cookcountyil.gov 12189:on February 18, 2019 11760:www.mountainview.gov 11529:www.flagstaff.az.gov 11467:. Jackson Lewis P.C. 11301:www.minimum-wage.org 10447:. September 20, 2016 10195:(September 2, 2014). 9166:10.1162/rest_a_00981 8701:. December 14, 2013. 8436:on December 12, 2017 8080:. December 24, 2014. 7845:on November 7, 2017. 6892:on February 16, 2018 6682:. G.P.O. p. 11. 6219:. February 1, 2021. 5835:District of Columbia 5334:United States portal 4439:Consumer Price Index 4423:District of Columbia 3134:Consumer Price Index 2774:Consumer Price Index 2376:List by jurisdiction 1547:A 2019 study in the 1311:Santa Fe, New Mexico 1291:consumer price index 1184:Santa Fe, New Mexico 938:Nineteenth Amendment 903:District of Columbia 737:District of Columbia 341:State credit ratings 165:Water and sanitation 56:Agricultural history 17411:Trinidad and Tobago 17306:Antigua and Barbuda 17102:Bus transit systems 17051:Self-representation 16490:Vehicles per capita 16386:Federal tax revenue 16381:Exports and imports 16246:Hispanic and Latino 16108:American economists 15796:Department of Labor 15637:Law and regulations 15484:Foreign Trade Zones 15036:10.1257/jep.35.1.73 14386:The Washington Post 14309:The Washington Post 14281:Washington Examiner 13807:Olisleg.state.or.us 13729:Okladot.state.ok.us 13475:. November 18, 2021 13271:on November 6, 2019 13240:City of Albuquerque 13215:www.dws.state.nm.us 13141:. October 20, 2020. 13139:State of new Jersey 12847:on October 23, 2019 12659:. January 23, 2017. 12636:. January 23, 2017. 12633:The Washington Post 12575:. December 27, 2021 12473:on January 11, 2015 11076:. February 23, 2018 10883:Pew Research Center 10659:The Washington Post 10519:"S. 1737 – Summary" 10251:Sen. Bernie Sanders 10150:on November 6, 2017 10101:The Washington Post 9880:. January 14, 2014. 9812:. January 27, 2014. 9504:. October 4, 2019. 9175:20.500.11850/448658 8955:10.1093/qje/qjaa031 8793:The Washington Post 8693:"The Logical Floor" 8644:The Washington Post 8282:. February 21, 2018 8097:Washington Examiner 8077:Washington Examiner 7815:The Washington Post 7488:National Law Review 7458:10.1257/jep.35.1.27 7024:Thomas C. Leonard, 6840:"Minimum-Wage Laws" 6717:10.1257/jep.35.1.73 6421:. G.P.O. p. 8. 6284:Wall Street Journal 5744:South San Francisco 5465:to pursue the case. 4602:U.S. Virgin Islands 4324:San Francisco is a 4311:See the section on 2489: 2335:Mornings with Maria 2321: $ 19.00-19.99 2315: $ 18.00-18.99 2309: $ 17.00-17.99 2303: $ 16.00-16.99 2215:2016 party platform 2099:Stanford University 1900: 1137:severe disabilities 1128:sheltered workshops 953:Henry Rogers Seager 17346:Dominican Republic 17076:Violent Crime Rate 17022:Incarceration rate 16729:Official languages 16602:Geographic centers 16480:Unemployment rates 16475:State income taxes 16425:Median home prices 16271:Non-Hispanic white 16086:National Standards 15926:Standard of living 15691:Financial services 15603:Illegal drug trade 15419:Telecommunications 15083:Welch, F. (1974). 15062:Komos, J. (2023). 14766:. February 2, 2018 14492:. October 1, 2012. 14440:lims.dccouncil.gov 13972:Patrick Anderson. 13032:. November 4, 2014 12961:. October 16, 2020 12158:chicagotribune.com 11804:. January 1, 2021. 11710:The Sacramento Bee 10959:. Minimum-Wage.org 10858:. January 23, 2014 10747:livingwage.mit.edu 10311:on August 1, 2016. 10232:2017-10-09 at the 9972:The New York Times 9952:2004-09-20 at the 9923:on August 21, 2013 9852:. January 27, 2014 9829:The New York Times 8254:The New York Times 7822:on March 18, 2016. 7655:Washingtonpost.com 7543:The New York Times 5849:abbreviations list 5612:Los Angeles County 5439:City of Birmingham 2487: 2484:paid by employer. 2330: 2297: $ 15-$ 15.99 2231: 2103:Hoover Institution 1894: 1824: 1756:Effect on suicides 1517: 1420: 1364:SeaTac, Washington 1285:Inflation indexing 1281:with protections. 1243:Los Angeles County 1199:SeaTac, Washington 1182:, California, and 1159: 1007:reelection in 1936 875: 694: 686: 245:Financial services 17539: 17538: 17428:other territories 17260: 17259: 17204:Tallest buildings 17169:Numbered highways 16892:Date of statehood 16756:State legislators 16663:Capitol buildings 16653:Attorneys general 16506:Botanical gardens 16485:Union affiliation 16157: 16156: 15659:Right-to-work law 15075:978-1-000-84789-5 14843:finance.yahoo.com 14465:code.dccouncil.us 14248:Marley, Patrick. 14177:Legis.state.wv.us 14079:. October 8, 2020 13883:6abc Philadelphia 13858:on March 10, 2015 13803:"Text of SB 1532" 13423:on March 17, 2015 12677:. October 4, 2011 12381:. April 23, 2009. 12132:www2.illinois.gov 12028:. Dol.state.ga.us 11683:Los Angeles Times 11326:Chicago Sun-Times 11274:. January 1, 2023 11197:on April 21, 2016 10216:on March 1, 2015. 10178:(April 30, 2014). 10081:Alex Seitz-Wald, 9849:The National Memo 9832:. March 13, 2014. 9472:"OECD Statistics" 8367:978-1-111-52553-8 8314:978-3-319-49347-3 8127:(March 2, 2023). 8043:Los Angeles Times 7999:on June 18, 2013. 7874:on April 5, 2016. 7709:Chicago Sun-Times 7681:Los Angeles Times 7572:Fox, Emily Jane. 7138:978-0-87586-302-3 7105:978-1-4408-3395-3 6978:978-0-674-71765-7 6922:978-1-4008-2156-3 6816:978-1-4008-2156-3 6783:978-1-4008-2156-3 6750:978-0-252-02545-7 6523:978-1-4008-2156-3 6443:978-0-313-26412-2 5455:state legislature 5451:Voting Rights Act 5447:U.S. Constitution 5425:Explanatory notes 5393:Price/wage spiral 5303: 5302: 5287:Cooks, fast food 5205:Workers employed 5194: 5193: 5147:Workers employed 5136: 5135: 4984:Cooks, fast food 4902:Workers employed 4891: 4890: 4810:Workers employed 4798: 4797: 4717:Workers employed 4645:Ben & Jerry's 4617: 4616: 4489:Min. wage ($ /h) 4476: 4475: 4397:Federal district 4301: 4300: 3130:Montgomery County 2465: 2464: 2416:Min. wage ($ /h) 2005: 2004: 1974:Washington, D.C. 1808:Income inequality 1745:cost pass-through 1724: 1723: 1493:literature review 1309:, California and 1091: 1090: 945:eugenics movement 907:minimum wage laws 897:By 1923, fifteen 838:As in Australia, 821:Alexander Peacock 754:COVID-19 pandemic 628: 627: 553:Right-to-work law 276:Largest companies 66:Petroleum history 17569: 17496:Saint Barthélemy 17426:Dependencies and 17299:Sovereign states 17287: 17280: 17273: 17264: 17263: 17250: 17240: 17239: 17230: 17229: 16927:Historic regions 16922:State partitions 16897:Name etymologies 16808:State treasurers 16761:Alabama–Missouri 16551:Wilderness areas 16450:R&D spending 16376:Employment rates 16318:Populated places 16281:Spanish-speaking 16276:Pacific Islander 16256:Household income 16221:African American 16184: 16177: 16170: 16161: 16160: 16142: 16141: 16132: 16131: 15983:AmeriCorps VISTA 15957:Blue Dot Network 15747:NASDAQ Composite 15654:Child labor laws 15628:Trading partners 15474:Opportunity Zone 15469:Empowerment Zone 15409:Renewable energy 15220: 15219: 15206: 15205: 15204: 15194: 15187: 15180: 15171: 15170: 15162:Salarios Mínimos 15116: 15104: 15089:Economic Inquiry 15079: 15056: 15038: 15010: 15008: 14978: 14977: 14975: 14973: 14962: 14956: 14955: 14953: 14951: 14940: 14931: 14930: 14928: 14926: 14915: 14906: 14905: 14903: 14901: 14889:Cherney, Max A. 14886: 14880: 14879: 14877: 14875: 14861: 14855: 14854: 14852: 14850: 14835: 14829: 14828: 14826: 14824: 14807: 14801: 14800: 14798: 14796: 14782: 14776: 14775: 14773: 14771: 14756: 14750: 14749: 14747: 14745: 14730: 14719: 14718: 14712: 14704: 14702: 14700: 14685: 14676: 14675: 14673: 14671: 14654: 14648: 14647: 14645: 14643: 14634:. Archived from 14624: 14618: 14617: 14615: 14613: 14607: 14599: 14593: 14592: 14590: 14588: 14572: 14566: 14565: 14554: 14548: 14547: 14545: 14543: 14528: 14522: 14521: 14519: 14517: 14508: 14500: 14494: 14493: 14490:US Dept of Labor 14482: 14476: 14475: 14473: 14471: 14457: 14451: 14450: 14448: 14446: 14432: 14426: 14425: 14423: 14412: 14404: 14398: 14397: 14395: 14393: 14377: 14371: 14356: 14347: 14346: 14344: 14342: 14327: 14321: 14320: 14318: 14316: 14299: 14293: 14292: 14290: 14288: 14271: 14265: 14264: 14262: 14260: 14245: 14239: 14238: 14236: 14234: 14220: 14214: 14213: 14206: 14200: 14194: 14188: 14187: 14185: 14183: 14169: 14163: 14162: 14160: 14158: 14144: 14138: 14137: 14135: 14133: 14119: 14106: 14105: 14098: 14089: 14088: 14086: 14084: 14073: 14067: 14066: 14064: 14062: 14045: 14039: 14038: 14036: 14034: 14020: 14014: 14013: 14011: 14009: 13995: 13989: 13988: 13986: 13984: 13969: 13963: 13962: 13960: 13958: 13944: 13938: 13937: 13935: 13933: 13914: 13908: 13907: 13901: 13893: 13891: 13889: 13874: 13868: 13867: 13865: 13863: 13854:. Archived from 13848: 13842: 13841: 13827: 13818: 13817: 13815: 13813: 13799: 13793: 13792: 13790: 13788: 13774: 13765: 13764: 13762: 13760: 13754: 13746: 13740: 13739: 13737: 13735: 13726: 13718: 13712: 13711: 13700: 13694: 13693: 13691: 13689: 13684: 13676: 13670: 13669: 13667: 13665: 13660:on April 2, 2015 13656:. Archived from 13650: 13644: 13643: 13641: 13639: 13624: 13618: 13617: 13615: 13613: 13604: 13596: 13590: 13589: 13587: 13585: 13570: 13564: 13563: 13561: 13559: 13544: 13538: 13537: 13535: 13533: 13519: 13513: 13512: 13510: 13508: 13499: 13491: 13485: 13484: 13482: 13480: 13465: 13459: 13458: 13456: 13454: 13439: 13433: 13432: 13430: 13428: 13419:. Archived from 13413: 13404: 13403: 13401: 13399: 13394: 13386: 13380: 13379: 13377: 13375: 13370: 13362: 13356: 13355: 13353: 13351: 13345:www.labor.ny.gov 13337: 13331: 13330: 13328: 13326: 13312: 13306: 13305: 13303: 13301: 13287: 13281: 13280: 13278: 13276: 13267:. Archived from 13261:"Las Cruces, NM" 13257: 13251: 13250: 13248: 13246: 13232: 13226: 13225: 13223: 13221: 13207: 13201: 13200: 13193: 13187: 13186: 13176: 13168: 13166: 13164: 13149: 13143: 13142: 13136: 13128: 13117: 13116: 13114: 13112: 13098: 13092: 13091: 13089: 13087: 13081: 13073: 13067: 13066: 13064: 13062: 13056: 13048: 13042: 13041: 13039: 13037: 13020: 13014: 13013: 13002: 12996: 12995: 12993: 12991: 12977: 12971: 12970: 12968: 12966: 12955: 12949: 12948: 12946: 12944: 12930: 12924: 12923: 12921: 12919: 12909: 12903: 12902: 12900: 12898: 12888: 12882: 12881: 12879: 12877: 12863: 12857: 12856: 12854: 12852: 12843:. Archived from 12833: 12827: 12826: 12824: 12822: 12812: 12806: 12805: 12803: 12801: 12790: 12784: 12783: 12781: 12779: 12768: 12760: 12754: 12753: 12751: 12749: 12735: 12729: 12728: 12726: 12724: 12710: 12704: 12703: 12701: 12693: 12687: 12686: 12684: 12682: 12667: 12661: 12660: 12652: 12644: 12638: 12637: 12624: 12618: 12607: 12601: 12591: 12585: 12584: 12582: 12580: 12569: 12563: 12562: 12560: 12558: 12549: 12541: 12535: 12534: 12532: 12530: 12515: 12509: 12508: 12506: 12504: 12495:. Archived from 12489: 12483: 12482: 12480: 12478: 12472: 12465: 12457: 12451: 12450: 12444: 12436: 12434: 12432: 12423:. Archived from 12417: 12411: 12410: 12408: 12406: 12389: 12383: 12382: 12371: 12365: 12364: 12362: 12360: 12346: 12340: 12339: 12337: 12335: 12330:. March 30, 2017 12320: 12314: 12313: 12311: 12309: 12294: 12283: 12282: 12280: 12278: 12269: 12261: 12255: 12254: 12252: 12250: 12235: 12229: 12228: 12226: 12224: 12215:. Archived from 12205: 12199: 12198: 12196: 12194: 12185:. Archived from 12175: 12169: 12168: 12166: 12164: 12149: 12143: 12142: 12140: 12138: 12124: 12115: 12114: 12112: 12110: 12105:on April 2, 2015 12101:. Archived from 12091: 12085: 12084: 12082: 12080: 12069: 12063: 12062: 12060: 12058: 12044: 12038: 12037: 12035: 12033: 12022: 12016: 12015: 12013: 12011: 11994: 11988: 11985: 11979: 11978: 11976: 11974: 11968:The News Journal 11959: 11953: 11952: 11950: 11948: 11934: 11928: 11927: 11925: 11923: 11913: 11907: 11906: 11904: 11902: 11887: 11881: 11880: 11878: 11876: 11865: 11856: 11855: 11853: 11851: 11845:sunnyvale.ca.gov 11837: 11831: 11830: 11828: 11826: 11812: 11806: 11805: 11798: 11792: 11791: 11789: 11787: 11777: 11771: 11770: 11768: 11766: 11752: 11746: 11745: 11743: 11741: 11727: 11721: 11720: 11718: 11716: 11701: 11695: 11694: 11692: 11690: 11673: 11667: 11666: 11664: 11662: 11648: 11642: 11641: 11639: 11637: 11622: 11613: 11612: 11610: 11608: 11598: 11592: 11591: 11589: 11587: 11572: 11566: 11565: 11563: 11561: 11546: 11540: 11539: 11537: 11535: 11521: 11515: 11514: 11512: 11510: 11500: 11494: 11493: 11491: 11489: 11483:labor.alaska.gov 11475: 11469: 11468: 11456: 11447: 11446: 11444: 11442: 11428: 11422: 11421: 11419: 11417: 11403: 11397: 11396: 11394: 11392: 11377: 11362: 11361: 11359: 11357: 11343: 11337: 11336: 11334: 11332: 11318: 11312: 11311: 11309: 11307: 11293: 11284: 11283: 11281: 11279: 11264: 11258: 11257: 11255: 11253: 11247: 11239: 11233: 11232: 11230: 11228: 11213: 11207: 11206: 11204: 11202: 11193:. Archived from 11183: 11177: 11176: 11174: 11172: 11154: 11148: 11147: 11145: 11143: 11134: 11126: 11120: 11119: 11117: 11115: 11095: 11086: 11085: 11083: 11081: 11066: 11060: 11059: 11057: 11055: 11040: 11034: 11033: 11030:Minimum-Wage.org 11022: 11016: 11015: 11004: 10998: 10997: 10995: 10993: 10983: 10975: 10969: 10968: 10966: 10964: 10953: 10947: 10946: 10933: 10927: 10926: 10924: 10922: 10916: 10910:. Archived from 10905: 10897: 10891: 10890: 10874: 10868: 10867: 10865: 10863: 10856:People-press.org 10848: 10842: 10841: 10839: 10837: 10820: 10814: 10813: 10811: 10809: 10792: 10786: 10785: 10783: 10781: 10764: 10758: 10757: 10755: 10753: 10739: 10733: 10732: 10730: 10728: 10711: 10705: 10704: 10702: 10700: 10693:www.congress.gov 10685: 10679: 10678: 10676: 10674: 10649: 10643: 10642: 10640: 10638: 10621: 10615: 10614: 10612: 10610: 10593: 10587: 10586: 10584: 10582: 10565: 10559: 10558: 10556: 10554: 10537: 10531: 10530: 10528: 10526: 10515: 10509: 10508: 10506: 10504: 10489: 10483: 10482: 10480: 10478: 10463: 10457: 10456: 10454: 10452: 10437: 10431: 10430: 10428: 10426: 10409: 10403: 10402: 10400: 10398: 10381: 10375: 10374: 10372: 10370: 10355: 10349: 10348: 10346: 10344: 10319: 10313: 10312: 10307:. Archived from 10294: 10288: 10287: 10273: 10267: 10266: 10264: 10262: 10243: 10237: 10224: 10218: 10217: 10202: 10196: 10185: 10179: 10166: 10160: 10159: 10157: 10155: 10146:. Archived from 10133: 10127: 10116: 10105: 10092: 10086: 10079: 10073: 10072:(July 28, 2016). 10062: 10056: 10047:Russell Berman, 10045: 10036: 10025: 10019: 10018: 9990: 9984: 9983: 9981: 9979: 9962: 9956: 9939: 9933: 9932: 9930: 9928: 9919:. Archived from 9913: 9907: 9906: 9904: 9902: 9888: 9882: 9881: 9868: 9862: 9861: 9859: 9857: 9840: 9834: 9833: 9820: 9814: 9813: 9800: 9794: 9793: 9791: 9789: 9775: 9769: 9764:Whaples (2006). 9762: 9756: 9749: 9743: 9736: 9730: 9729: 9727: 9725: 9719: 9710: 9704: 9703: 9701: 9699: 9682: 9676: 9675: 9673: 9671: 9656: 9650: 9649: 9621: 9615: 9606: 9600: 9591: 9585: 9584: 9582: 9580: 9575:. April 26, 2017 9573:Equitable Growth 9565: 9559: 9558: 9542: 9536: 9535: 9533: 9531: 9516: 9510: 9509: 9494: 9488: 9487: 9485: 9483: 9478:on June 11, 2009 9468: 9462: 9456: 9450: 9449: 9413: 9404: 9403: 9402: 9400: 9390: 9382: 9373: 9372: 9354: 9314: 9305: 9304: 9302: 9300: 9285: 9279: 9278: 9260: 9254: 9253: 9235: 9229: 9228: 9222: 9220: 9215: 9206: 9200: 9199: 9177: 9145: 9139: 9138: 9136: 9134: 9124: 9116: 9110: 9109: 9107: 9105: 9090: 9084: 9083: 9081: 9079: 9064: 9049: 9048: 9025:Labour Economics 9016: 9010: 9009: 8977: 8971: 8970: 8934: 8928: 8927: 8917: 8897: 8891: 8890: 8888: 8886: 8865: 8859: 8858: 8852: 8850: 8837: 8821: 8812: 8806: 8805: 8783: 8777: 8776: 8770: 8768: 8755: 8739: 8730: 8724: 8723: 8709: 8703: 8702: 8689: 8683: 8674: 8668: 8657: 8651: 8648: 8633: 8631: 8629: 8620: 8611: 8605: 8604: 8576: 8570: 8569: 8541: 8535: 8525: 8516: 8515: 8506:(5): 1362–1396. 8495: 8489: 8483: 8474: 8473: 8471: 8469: 8460: 8452: 8446: 8445: 8443: 8441: 8432:. Archived from 8413: 8402: 8401: 8378: 8372: 8371: 8353: 8347: 8346: 8325: 8319: 8318: 8298: 8292: 8291: 8289: 8287: 8272: 8266: 8265: 8263: 8261: 8244: 8235: 8234: 8232: 8230: 8216: 8207: 8206: 8195: 8189: 8188: 8177: 8171: 8168:nominal and real 8145: 8134: 8133:Chart on page 3. 8132: 8121: 8108: 8107: 8105: 8103: 8088: 8082: 8081: 8068: 8059: 8058: 8052: 8050: 8033: 8027: 8026: 8024: 8022: 8007: 8001: 8000: 7989: 7983: 7982: 7980: 7978: 7964: 7958: 7957: 7955: 7953: 7939: 7933: 7932: 7930: 7928: 7914: 7905: 7904: 7902: 7900: 7890: 7882: 7876: 7875: 7873: 7867:. Archived from 7862: 7853: 7847: 7846: 7841:. Archived from 7830: 7824: 7823: 7818:. Archived from 7805: 7799: 7798: 7797:on June 7, 2016. 7796: 7790:. Archived from 7785: 7776: 7770: 7769: 7767: 7765: 7751: 7745: 7744: 7742: 7740: 7726: 7720: 7719: 7717: 7715: 7700: 7694: 7693: 7691: 7689: 7672: 7666: 7665: 7663: 7661: 7646: 7640: 7639: 7637: 7635: 7620: 7614: 7613: 7611: 7609: 7595: 7589: 7588: 7586: 7584: 7569: 7563: 7562: 7560: 7558: 7533: 7527: 7526: 7524: 7522: 7507: 7501: 7500: 7498: 7496: 7477: 7471: 7470: 7460: 7436: 7430: 7429: 7427: 7425: 7415: 7407: 7398: 7397: 7395: 7393: 7379: 7373: 7372: 7370: 7368: 7354: 7348: 7347: 7329: 7320: 7319: 7301: 7290: 7289: 7271: 7260: 7259: 7243: 7232: 7231: 7229: 7227: 7217: 7209: 7203: 7202: 7200: 7198: 7183: 7174: 7173: 7167: 7164: 7158: 7149: 7143: 7142: 7126: 7116: 7110: 7109: 7089: 7083: 7082: 7080: 7078: 7063: 7057: 7056: 7054: 7052: 7035: 7029: 7022: 7016: 7015: 6989: 6983: 6982: 6970: 6960: 6951: 6948:St. Mary's L. J. 6944: 6935: 6934: 6908: 6902: 6901: 6899: 6897: 6891: 6885:. Archived from 6884: 6876: 6870: 6869: 6859: 6850:(10): 999–1010. 6835: 6829: 6828: 6802: 6796: 6795: 6769: 6763: 6762: 6736: 6730: 6729: 6719: 6695: 6684: 6683: 6673: 6667: 6666: 6626: 6620: 6619: 6599: 6593: 6592: 6574: 6542: 6536: 6535: 6509: 6503: 6502: 6462: 6456: 6455: 6429: 6423: 6422: 6412: 6406: 6405: 6403: 6401: 6390: 6384: 6383: 6376: 6370: 6369: 6367: 6365: 6347: 6341: 6340: 6338: 6336: 6321: 6315: 6314: 6312: 6310: 6299: 6293: 6292: 6274: 6268: 6267: 6249: 6240: 6239: 6233: 6231: 6225: 6212: 6204: 6193: 6192: 6186: 6184: 6164: 6158: 6157: 6155: 6153: 6136: 6130: 6129: 6127: 6125: 6111: 6102: 6101: 6099: 6097: 6086: 6080: 6079: 6074: 6072: 6057: 6051: 6050: 6048: 6046: 6031: 6018: 6017: 6015: 6013: 6002: 5996: 5982: 5976: 5961: 5952: 5951: 5949: 5947: 5933: 5927: 5926: 5924: 5922: 5916: 5905: 5899: 5898: 5892: 5884: 5875: 5861: 5852: 5839:U.S. territories 5832: 5814: 5786: 5769: 5763: 5714:San Mateo County 5515: 5509: 5502: 5496: 5481: 5475: 5472: 5466: 5435: 5388:Minimum wage law 5336: 5331: 5330: 5329: 5322: 5317: 5316: 5199: 5198: 5141: 5140: 4896: 4895: 4804: 4803: 4711: 4710: 4483: 4482: 4394: 4393: 4390:Federal district 4383: 4380: 4369: 4366: 4351: 4348: 4342: 4339: 4333: 4322: 4316: 4309: 4295: 4294: 4258: 4257: 4232: 4231: 4180: 4179: 4140: 4139: 4115: 4114: 4091: 4090: 4060: 4059: 4036: 4035: 4012: 4011: 3988: 3987: 3956: 3955: 3931: 3930: 3749: 3748: 3716: 3715: 3687: 3686: 3661: 3660: 3592: 3591: 3545: 3544: 3497: 3496: 3453: 3452: 3425: 3424: 3391: 3390: 3366: 3365: 3336: 3335: 3302: 3301: 3278: 3277: 3245: 3244: 3188: 3187: 3159: 3158: 3123: 3122: 3090: 3089: 3066: 3065: 3035: 3034: 3010: 3009: 2984:at $ 10.75, and 2963: 2962: 2939: 2938: 2895: 2894: 2870: 2869: 2845: 2844: 2816: 2815: 2764: 2763: 2734: 2733: 2699: 2698: 2667: 2666: 2631: 2630: 2607: 2606: 2583: 2582: 2559: 2558: 2535: 2534: 2490: 2486: 2410: 2409: 2326: 2320: 2314: 2308: 2302: 2296: 2175:Thomas Schelling 1901: 1893: 1850:racial wage gaps 1769:Effects on crime 1582: 1581: 1504:publication bias 1448: 1431:Economic effects 1424:purchasing power 1406:Historical trend 1349:Union exemptions 1295:purchasing power 1174:Local ordinances 1164:Washington, D.C. 1086: 1083: 1077: 1065: 1064: 1057: 983: 923:Muller v. Oregon 726:purchasing power 682: 676: 670: 664: 658: 640:Washington, D.C. 634:Minimum wage by 620: 613: 606: 593: 589: 588: 587: 509:Washington, D.C. 351:Union membership 330:State statistics 296:Economy by state 173:Secondary sector 101:History by state 49:Economic history 41: 18: 17: 17577: 17576: 17572: 17571: 17570: 17568: 17567: 17566: 17542: 17541: 17540: 17535: 17429: 17427: 17420: 17294: 17291: 17261: 17256: 17218: 17194:Snowiest places 17080: 17071:Statutory codes 17065:by jurisdiction 17029:Same-sex unions 16958:Dry communities 16931: 16880: 16856:Life expectancy 16834:Fertility rates 16817: 16766:Montana–Wyoming 16636: 16555: 16546:Superfund sites 16494: 16344: 16202: 16193: 16188: 16158: 16153: 16117: 16035: 15997: 15971: 15940: 15865: 15772: 15673: 15632: 15560: 15493: 15455: 15380:Pharmaceuticals 15262: 15248:American System 15243:American School 15224: 15210: 15202: 15200: 15198: 15167: 15123: 15107: 15076: 15013:Print edition: 14987: 14985:Further reading 14982: 14981: 14971: 14969: 14964: 14963: 14959: 14949: 14947: 14942: 14941: 14934: 14924: 14922: 14917: 14916: 14909: 14899: 14897: 14887: 14883: 14873: 14871: 14863: 14862: 14858: 14848: 14846: 14845:. June 17, 2020 14837: 14836: 14832: 14822: 14820: 14808: 14804: 14794: 14792: 14784: 14783: 14779: 14769: 14767: 14758: 14757: 14753: 14743: 14741: 14731: 14722: 14706: 14705: 14698: 14696: 14686: 14679: 14669: 14667: 14655: 14651: 14641: 14639: 14626: 14625: 14621: 14611: 14609: 14605: 14601: 14600: 14596: 14586: 14584: 14573: 14569: 14564:. La Fortaleza. 14556: 14555: 14551: 14541: 14539: 14529: 14525: 14515: 14513: 14506: 14502: 14501: 14497: 14484: 14483: 14479: 14469: 14467: 14459: 14458: 14454: 14444: 14442: 14434: 14433: 14429: 14421: 14410: 14406: 14405: 14401: 14391: 14389: 14379: 14378: 14374: 14370:. June 1, 2016. 14357: 14350: 14340: 14338: 14329: 14328: 14324: 14314: 14312: 14300: 14296: 14286: 14284: 14272: 14268: 14258: 14256: 14246: 14242: 14232: 14230: 14222: 14221: 14217: 14208: 14207: 14203: 14195: 14191: 14181: 14179: 14171: 14170: 14166: 14156: 14154: 14146: 14145: 14141: 14131: 14129: 14121: 14120: 14109: 14100: 14099: 14092: 14082: 14080: 14075: 14074: 14070: 14060: 14058: 14046: 14042: 14032: 14030: 14022: 14021: 14017: 14007: 14005: 13997: 13996: 13992: 13982: 13980: 13970: 13966: 13956: 13954: 13946: 13945: 13941: 13931: 13929: 13916: 13915: 13911: 13895: 13894: 13887: 13885: 13875: 13871: 13861: 13859: 13850: 13849: 13845: 13828: 13821: 13811: 13809: 13801: 13800: 13796: 13786: 13784: 13776: 13775: 13768: 13758: 13756: 13752: 13748: 13747: 13743: 13733: 13731: 13724: 13720: 13719: 13715: 13702: 13701: 13697: 13687: 13685: 13682: 13678: 13677: 13673: 13663: 13661: 13652: 13651: 13647: 13637: 13635: 13625: 13621: 13611: 13609: 13602: 13598: 13597: 13593: 13583: 13581: 13571: 13567: 13557: 13555: 13554:. June 19, 2018 13546: 13545: 13541: 13531: 13529: 13521: 13520: 13516: 13506: 13504: 13502:charlottenc.gov 13497: 13493: 13492: 13488: 13478: 13476: 13467: 13466: 13462: 13452: 13450: 13440: 13436: 13426: 13424: 13415: 13414: 13407: 13397: 13395: 13392: 13388: 13387: 13383: 13373: 13371: 13368: 13364: 13363: 13359: 13349: 13347: 13339: 13338: 13334: 13324: 13322: 13314: 13313: 13309: 13299: 13297: 13289: 13288: 13284: 13274: 13272: 13259: 13258: 13254: 13244: 13242: 13234: 13233: 13229: 13219: 13217: 13209: 13208: 13204: 13195: 13194: 13190: 13170: 13169: 13162: 13160: 13150: 13146: 13134: 13130: 13129: 13120: 13110: 13108: 13100: 13099: 13095: 13085: 13083: 13079: 13075: 13074: 13070: 13060: 13058: 13054: 13050: 13049: 13045: 13035: 13033: 13022: 13021: 13017: 13004: 13003: 12999: 12989: 12987: 12985:Ballotpedia.org 12979: 12978: 12974: 12964: 12962: 12957: 12956: 12952: 12942: 12940: 12932: 12931: 12927: 12917: 12915: 12911: 12910: 12906: 12896: 12894: 12890: 12889: 12885: 12875: 12873: 12865: 12864: 12860: 12850: 12848: 12835: 12834: 12830: 12820: 12818: 12816:"OVERTIME LAWS" 12814: 12813: 12809: 12799: 12797: 12792: 12791: 12787: 12777: 12775: 12766: 12762: 12761: 12757: 12747: 12745: 12737: 12736: 12732: 12722: 12720: 12712: 12711: 12707: 12699: 12695: 12694: 12690: 12680: 12678: 12669: 12668: 12664: 12650: 12646: 12645: 12641: 12626: 12625: 12621: 12608: 12604: 12592: 12588: 12578: 12576: 12571: 12570: 12566: 12556: 12554: 12547: 12543: 12542: 12538: 12528: 12526: 12516: 12512: 12502: 12500: 12491: 12490: 12486: 12476: 12474: 12470: 12463: 12459: 12458: 12454: 12438: 12437: 12430: 12428: 12421:"Archived copy" 12419: 12418: 12414: 12404: 12402: 12390: 12386: 12373: 12372: 12368: 12358: 12356: 12348: 12347: 12343: 12333: 12331: 12322: 12321: 12317: 12307: 12305: 12296: 12295: 12286: 12276: 12274: 12267: 12263: 12262: 12258: 12248: 12246: 12244:Illinois Policy 12236: 12232: 12222: 12220: 12207: 12206: 12202: 12192: 12190: 12183:www.chicago.gov 12177: 12176: 12172: 12162: 12160: 12152:Petrella, Dan. 12150: 12146: 12136: 12134: 12126: 12125: 12118: 12108: 12106: 12093: 12092: 12088: 12078: 12076: 12071: 12070: 12066: 12056: 12054: 12046: 12045: 12041: 12031: 12029: 12024: 12023: 12019: 12009: 12007: 11995: 11991: 11986: 11982: 11972: 11970: 11962:Gamard, Sarah. 11960: 11956: 11946: 11944: 11936: 11935: 11931: 11921: 11919: 11915: 11914: 11910: 11900: 11898: 11889: 11888: 11884: 11874: 11872: 11871:. Colorado DOLE 11867: 11866: 11859: 11849: 11847: 11839: 11838: 11834: 11824: 11822: 11814: 11813: 11809: 11800: 11799: 11795: 11785: 11783: 11779: 11778: 11774: 11764: 11762: 11754: 11753: 11749: 11739: 11737: 11729: 11728: 11724: 11714: 11712: 11702: 11698: 11688: 11686: 11674: 11670: 11660: 11658: 11650: 11649: 11645: 11635: 11633: 11632:. April 4, 2016 11624: 11623: 11616: 11606: 11604: 11600: 11599: 11595: 11585: 11583: 11573: 11569: 11559: 11557: 11547: 11543: 11533: 11531: 11523: 11522: 11518: 11508: 11506: 11502: 11501: 11497: 11487: 11485: 11477: 11476: 11472: 11457: 11450: 11440: 11438: 11430: 11429: 11425: 11415: 11413: 11405: 11404: 11400: 11390: 11388: 11379: 11378: 11365: 11355: 11353: 11345: 11344: 11340: 11330: 11328: 11320: 11319: 11315: 11305: 11303: 11295: 11294: 11287: 11277: 11275: 11266: 11265: 11261: 11251: 11249: 11245: 11241: 11240: 11236: 11226: 11224: 11215: 11214: 11210: 11200: 11198: 11185: 11184: 11180: 11170: 11168: 11156: 11155: 11151: 11141: 11139: 11132: 11128: 11127: 11123: 11113: 11111: 11096: 11089: 11079: 11077: 11068: 11067: 11063: 11053: 11051: 11041: 11037: 11032:. May 25, 2011. 11024: 11023: 11019: 11006: 11005: 11001: 10991: 10989: 10981: 10977: 10976: 10972: 10962: 10960: 10955: 10954: 10950: 10935: 10934: 10930: 10920: 10918: 10917:on May 14, 2017 10914: 10903: 10899: 10898: 10894: 10875: 10871: 10861: 10859: 10850: 10849: 10845: 10835: 10833: 10821: 10817: 10807: 10805: 10793: 10789: 10779: 10777: 10765: 10761: 10751: 10749: 10741: 10740: 10736: 10726: 10724: 10712: 10708: 10698: 10696: 10687: 10686: 10682: 10672: 10670: 10650: 10646: 10636: 10634: 10622: 10618: 10608: 10606: 10594: 10590: 10580: 10578: 10566: 10562: 10552: 10550: 10538: 10534: 10524: 10522: 10517: 10516: 10512: 10502: 10500: 10499:. June 28, 2018 10491: 10490: 10486: 10476: 10474: 10464: 10460: 10450: 10448: 10439: 10438: 10434: 10424: 10422: 10410: 10406: 10396: 10394: 10382: 10378: 10368: 10366: 10357: 10356: 10352: 10342: 10340: 10320: 10316: 10295: 10291: 10274: 10270: 10260: 10258: 10245: 10244: 10240: 10234:Wayback Machine 10225: 10221: 10204: 10203: 10199: 10186: 10182: 10167: 10163: 10153: 10151: 10134: 10130: 10126:(May 13, 2014). 10118:Jamelle Bouie, 10117: 10108: 10104:(July 9, 2016). 10093: 10089: 10080: 10076: 10063: 10059: 10046: 10039: 10035:(July 6, 2016). 10027:Teresa Tritch, 10026: 10022: 10007: 9991: 9987: 9977: 9975: 9963: 9959: 9954:Wayback Machine 9940: 9936: 9926: 9924: 9915: 9914: 9910: 9900: 9898: 9890: 9889: 9885: 9870: 9869: 9865: 9855: 9853: 9842: 9841: 9837: 9822: 9821: 9817: 9802: 9801: 9797: 9787: 9785: 9777: 9776: 9772: 9763: 9759: 9750: 9746: 9737: 9733: 9723: 9721: 9717: 9711: 9707: 9697: 9695: 9692:FiveThirtyEight 9683: 9679: 9669: 9667: 9657: 9653: 9622: 9618: 9607: 9603: 9592: 9588: 9578: 9576: 9567: 9566: 9562: 9543: 9539: 9529: 9527: 9518: 9517: 9513: 9496: 9495: 9491: 9481: 9479: 9470: 9469: 9465: 9457: 9453: 9414: 9407: 9398: 9396: 9395:, March 3, 2017 9388: 9384: 9383: 9376: 9315: 9308: 9298: 9296: 9286: 9282: 9261: 9257: 9236: 9232: 9218: 9216: 9213: 9207: 9203: 9146: 9142: 9132: 9130: 9122: 9118: 9117: 9113: 9103: 9101: 9092: 9091: 9087: 9077: 9075: 9074:. February 2014 9066: 9065: 9052: 9017: 9013: 8978: 8974: 8935: 8931: 8898: 8894: 8884: 8882: 8866: 8862: 8848: 8846: 8819: 8813: 8809: 8784: 8780: 8766: 8764: 8737: 8731: 8727: 8710: 8706: 8691: 8690: 8686: 8675: 8671: 8658: 8654: 8627: 8625: 8618: 8612: 8608: 8577: 8573: 8542: 8538: 8526: 8519: 8496: 8492: 8484: 8477: 8467: 8465: 8458: 8454: 8453: 8449: 8439: 8437: 8414: 8405: 8398: 8379: 8375: 8368: 8354: 8350: 8326: 8322: 8315: 8299: 8295: 8285: 8283: 8274: 8273: 8269: 8259: 8257: 8245: 8238: 8228: 8226: 8218: 8217: 8210: 8205:. January 2022. 8197: 8196: 8192: 8179: 8178: 8174: 8146: 8137: 8122: 8111: 8101: 8099: 8091:Higgins, Sean. 8089: 8085: 8070: 8069: 8062: 8048: 8046: 8034: 8030: 8020: 8018: 8008: 8004: 7991: 7990: 7986: 7976: 7974: 7966: 7965: 7961: 7951: 7949: 7941: 7940: 7936: 7926: 7924: 7916: 7915: 7908: 7898: 7896: 7888: 7884: 7883: 7879: 7871: 7860: 7854: 7850: 7831: 7827: 7806: 7802: 7794: 7783: 7777: 7773: 7763: 7761: 7753: 7752: 7748: 7738: 7736: 7728: 7727: 7723: 7713: 7711: 7701: 7697: 7687: 7685: 7674: 7673: 7669: 7659: 7657: 7647: 7643: 7633: 7631: 7621: 7617: 7607: 7605: 7597: 7596: 7592: 7582: 7580: 7570: 7566: 7556: 7554: 7534: 7530: 7520: 7518: 7517:on June 7, 2014 7509: 7508: 7504: 7494: 7492: 7478: 7474: 7437: 7433: 7423: 7421: 7413: 7409: 7408: 7401: 7391: 7389: 7381: 7380: 7376: 7366: 7364: 7356: 7355: 7351: 7330: 7323: 7302: 7293: 7272: 7263: 7244: 7235: 7225: 7223: 7215: 7211: 7210: 7206: 7196: 7194: 7185: 7184: 7177: 7171: 7165: 7162: 7156: 7150: 7146: 7139: 7117: 7113: 7106: 7090: 7086: 7076: 7074: 7073:. June 16, 1933 7065: 7064: 7060: 7050: 7048: 7036: 7032: 7023: 7019: 7004: 6990: 6986: 6979: 6961: 6954: 6950:513, 516 (1996) 6945: 6938: 6923: 6909: 6905: 6895: 6893: 6889: 6882: 6878: 6877: 6873: 6836: 6832: 6817: 6803: 6799: 6784: 6770: 6766: 6751: 6737: 6733: 6696: 6687: 6674: 6670: 6627: 6623: 6616: 6600: 6596: 6557:(10): 973–998. 6543: 6539: 6524: 6510: 6506: 6463: 6459: 6444: 6430: 6426: 6413: 6409: 6399: 6397: 6392: 6391: 6387: 6378: 6377: 6373: 6363: 6361: 6349: 6348: 6344: 6334: 6332: 6331:. March 3, 2021 6323: 6322: 6318: 6308: 6306: 6301: 6300: 6296: 6275: 6271: 6250: 6243: 6229: 6227: 6223: 6210: 6206: 6205: 6196: 6182: 6180: 6165: 6161: 6151: 6149: 6137: 6133: 6123: 6121: 6113: 6112: 6105: 6095: 6093: 6088: 6087: 6083: 6070: 6068: 6058: 6054: 6044: 6042: 6033: 6032: 6021: 6011: 6009: 5994: 5986:McCusker, J. J. 5974: 5966:McCusker, J. J. 5962: 5955: 5945: 5943: 5935: 5934: 5930: 5920: 5918: 5914: 5906: 5902: 5890: 5886: 5885: 5878: 5862: 5855: 5816: 5815: 5800: 5795: 5790: 5789: 5770: 5766: 5762: 5516: 5512: 5503: 5499: 5482: 5478: 5473: 5469: 5436: 5432: 5427: 5422: 5332: 5327: 5325: 5320:Business portal 5318: 5311: 5308: 5219:Gaming dealers 5161:Gaming dealers 4916:Gaming dealers 4702: 4639:Bank of America 4622: 4620:Large companies 4481: 4413: 4411: 4406: 4401: 4392: 4387: 4386: 4381: 4372: 4367: 4354: 4349: 4345: 4340: 4336: 4323: 4319: 4310: 4306: 3739: 3737: 3732: 3730: 3519:Santa Fe County 2507: 2502: 2497: 2473: 2467: 2408: 2384: 2378: 2347: 2328: 2324: 2322: 2318: 2316: 2312: 2310: 2306: 2304: 2300: 2298: 2294: 2223: 2187:Joseph Stiglitz 2120: 2111:Basic Economics 1908: 1898: 1896: 1892: 1887: 1878: 1866:Ohio University 1846:Arindrajit Dube 1837: 1816: 1810: 1788: 1786:Economic growth 1771: 1758: 1729: 1569: 1459: 1450: 1442: 1433: 1416:Nominal dollars 1408: 1394:. In 2016, the 1351: 1301:. In 1998, the 1287: 1251: 1176: 1168:preemption laws 1152: 1146: 1113: 1096: 1087: 1081: 1078: 1075: 1066: 1062: 1055: 1043:Commerce Clause 985: 977: 965: 957:Edward Cummings 879:Florence Kelley 836: 834:Progressive Era 818:Chief Secretary 799:Progressive Era 774: 684: 680: 678: 674: 672: 668: 666: 662: 660: 656: 624: 585: 583: 582: 575: 574: 524: 514: 513: 364: 356: 355: 297: 289: 288: 268:Stock exchanges 207:Social programs 199:Tertiary sector 116: 106: 105: 61:Banking history 51: 12: 11: 5: 17575: 17565: 17564: 17559: 17554: 17537: 17536: 17534: 17533: 17528: 17523: 17518: 17516:Sint Eustatius 17513: 17508: 17503: 17498: 17493: 17488: 17483: 17478: 17473: 17468: 17463: 17461:Cayman Islands 17458: 17453: 17448: 17443: 17438: 17432: 17430: 17425: 17422: 17421: 17419: 17418: 17413: 17408: 17403: 17398: 17393: 17388: 17383: 17378: 17373: 17368: 17363: 17358: 17353: 17348: 17343: 17338: 17333: 17328: 17323: 17318: 17313: 17308: 17302: 17300: 17296: 17295: 17290: 17289: 17282: 17275: 17267: 17258: 17257: 17255: 17254: 17244: 17234: 17223: 17220: 17219: 17217: 17216: 17211: 17206: 17201: 17196: 17191: 17190: 17189: 17184: 17179: 17171: 17166: 17161: 17156: 17151: 17146: 17144:License plates 17141: 17140: 17139: 17129: 17124: 17119: 17114: 17109: 17104: 17099: 17094: 17088: 17086: 17082: 17081: 17079: 17078: 17073: 17068: 17058: 17053: 17048: 17046:Seat belt laws 17043: 17042: 17041: 17036: 17026: 17025: 17024: 17014: 17009: 17004: 16999: 16994: 16993: 16992: 16987: 16977: 16972: 16967: 16962: 16961: 16960: 16950: 16948:Age of consent 16945: 16939: 16937: 16933: 16932: 16930: 16929: 16924: 16919: 16914: 16909: 16904: 16899: 16894: 16888: 16886: 16882: 16881: 16879: 16878: 16873: 16868: 16863: 16858: 16853: 16852: 16851: 16841: 16836: 16831: 16825: 16823: 16819: 16818: 16816: 16815: 16810: 16805: 16800: 16795: 16790: 16785: 16783:State speakers 16780: 16775: 16774: 16773: 16771:State senators 16768: 16763: 16753: 16751:State auditors 16748: 16747: 16746: 16736: 16734:Poets laureate 16731: 16726: 16721: 16716: 16715: 16714: 16704: 16699: 16698: 16697: 16692: 16682: 16681: 16680: 16670: 16665: 16660: 16655: 16650: 16644: 16642: 16638: 16637: 16635: 16634: 16629: 16624: 16619: 16614: 16609: 16607:Highest cities 16604: 16599: 16594: 16592:Extreme points 16589: 16584: 16579: 16574: 16569: 16563: 16561: 16557: 16556: 16554: 16553: 16548: 16543: 16533: 16531:Nature centers 16528: 16523: 16518: 16513: 16508: 16502: 16500: 16496: 16495: 16493: 16492: 16487: 16482: 16477: 16472: 16467: 16462: 16457: 16452: 16447: 16442: 16437: 16432: 16427: 16422: 16421: 16420: 16410: 16409: 16408: 16403: 16393: 16388: 16383: 16378: 16373: 16371:Credit ratings 16368: 16363: 16358: 16352: 16350: 16346: 16345: 16343: 16342: 16341: 16340: 16330: 16328:Race/ethnicity 16325: 16320: 16315: 16310: 16305: 16300: 16295: 16290: 16285: 16284: 16283: 16278: 16273: 16268: 16263: 16258: 16253: 16248: 16243: 16238: 16233: 16228: 16223: 16210: 16208: 16204: 16203: 16198: 16195: 16194: 16187: 16186: 16179: 16172: 16164: 16155: 16154: 16152: 16151: 16146: 16136: 16126: 16122: 16119: 16118: 16116: 16115: 16110: 16105: 16100: 16093: 16088: 16083: 16078: 16077: 16076: 16071: 16066: 16056: 16051: 16045: 16043: 16041:Related topics 16037: 16036: 16034: 16033: 16028: 16023: 16018: 16013: 16007: 16005: 15999: 15998: 15996: 15995: 15990: 15985: 15979: 15977: 15973: 15972: 15970: 15969: 15964: 15959: 15954: 15948: 15946: 15942: 15941: 15939: 15938: 15933: 15928: 15923: 15918: 15917: 15916: 15911: 15901: 15896: 15891: 15889:Social welfare 15886: 15881: 15875: 15873: 15867: 15866: 15864: 15863: 15858: 15853: 15848: 15843: 15838: 15833: 15828: 15823: 15818: 15813: 15808: 15803: 15798: 15793: 15788: 15782: 15780: 15774: 15773: 15771: 15770: 15765: 15760: 15755: 15750: 15740: 15737:NYSE Composite 15730: 15725: 15724: 15723: 15718: 15713: 15703: 15698: 15693: 15687: 15685: 15675: 15674: 15672: 15671: 15666: 15661: 15656: 15651: 15646: 15640: 15638: 15634: 15633: 15631: 15630: 15625: 15620: 15615: 15610: 15605: 15600: 15595: 15590: 15588:Postal history 15585: 15583:Communications 15580: 15578:Transportation 15574: 15572: 15570:infrastructure 15562: 15561: 15559: 15558: 15557: 15556: 15551: 15546: 15536: 15531: 15530: 15529: 15527:Oil refineries 15524: 15514: 15509: 15503: 15501: 15495: 15494: 15492: 15491: 15486: 15481: 15476: 15471: 15465: 15463: 15457: 15456: 15454: 15453: 15448: 15443: 15438: 15433: 15432: 15431: 15421: 15416: 15411: 15406: 15401: 15396: 15391: 15386: 15377: 15376: 15375: 15365: 15360: 15355: 15350: 15345: 15340: 15335: 15330: 15328:Electric power 15325: 15320: 15315: 15310: 15305: 15300: 15295: 15290: 15285: 15284: 15283: 15272: 15270: 15264: 15263: 15261: 15260: 15255: 15250: 15245: 15240: 15234: 15232: 15226: 15225: 15215: 15212: 15211: 15197: 15196: 15189: 15182: 15174: 15165: 15164: 15159: 15154: 15149: 15144: 15139: 15134: 15122: 15121:External links 15119: 15118: 15117: 15105: 15095:(3): 285–318. 15080: 15074: 15059: 15058: 15057: 15006:10.3386/w26937 14986: 14983: 14980: 14979: 14957: 14932: 14907: 14881: 14856: 14830: 14802: 14777: 14751: 14720: 14677: 14649: 14619: 14608:. June 1, 2018 14594: 14567: 14549: 14523: 14495: 14477: 14452: 14427: 14399: 14372: 14348: 14322: 14294: 14266: 14240: 14215: 14201: 14189: 14164: 14139: 14123:"Minimum Wage" 14107: 14090: 14068: 14040: 14015: 13990: 13964: 13952:www.dlt.ri.gov 13939: 13909: 13869: 13843: 13819: 13794: 13766: 13741: 13713: 13695: 13671: 13645: 13619: 13607:raleigh.nc.gov 13591: 13565: 13539: 13514: 13486: 13460: 13434: 13405: 13381: 13357: 13332: 13307: 13282: 13265:Las Cruces, NM 13252: 13227: 13202: 13188: 13144: 13118: 13093: 13082:. July 1, 2020 13068: 13043: 13015: 12997: 12972: 12950: 12925: 12904: 12883: 12858: 12841:www.dli.mn.gov 12828: 12807: 12785: 12755: 12730: 12705: 12688: 12662: 12639: 12619: 12602: 12586: 12564: 12536: 12510: 12484: 12452: 12412: 12384: 12366: 12341: 12315: 12284: 12256: 12230: 12200: 12170: 12144: 12116: 12086: 12064: 12052:Lexisnexis.com 12039: 12017: 11989: 11980: 11954: 11929: 11908: 11882: 11857: 11832: 11807: 11793: 11772: 11747: 11722: 11696: 11668: 11652:"Minimum wage" 11643: 11614: 11593: 11567: 11541: 11516: 11495: 11470: 11448: 11423: 11398: 11363: 11338: 11313: 11285: 11272:www.paycor.com 11259: 11234: 11217:"Minimum Wage" 11208: 11178: 11149: 11121: 11087: 11061: 11035: 11017: 10999: 10970: 10948: 10928: 10892: 10869: 10843: 10815: 10787: 10759: 10734: 10706: 10695:. May 25, 2017 10680: 10644: 10616: 10588: 10560: 10532: 10510: 10484: 10468:"Minimum wage" 10458: 10432: 10419:New York Times 10404: 10391:New York Times 10376: 10350: 10314: 10289: 10268: 10238: 10219: 10197: 10187:Rich Kirchen, 10180: 10161: 10128: 10106: 10094:David Weigel, 10087: 10074: 10057: 10055:(May 4, 2015). 10037: 10033:New York Times 10020: 10005: 9985: 9957: 9934: 9908: 9883: 9863: 9835: 9815: 9795: 9770: 9757: 9744: 9731: 9705: 9677: 9659:Sherk, James. 9651: 9616: 9601: 9586: 9560: 9537: 9511: 9489: 9463: 9451: 9430:10.1086/467144 9405: 9374: 9329:(3): 219–224. 9306: 9280: 9255: 9230: 9201: 9160:(5): 890–908. 9140: 9111: 9100:. July 8, 2019 9085: 9050: 9011: 8992:(3): 358–365. 8972: 8949:(1): 169–228. 8929: 8915:10.3386/w25434 8892: 8860: 8835:10.3386/w25182 8807: 8778: 8753:10.3386/w23532 8725: 8704: 8684: 8669: 8652: 8650: 8649: 8606: 8571: 8536: 8517: 8490: 8475: 8447: 8403: 8396: 8382:Hazlitt, Henry 8373: 8366: 8348: 8320: 8313: 8293: 8267: 8236: 8208: 8190: 8172: 8135: 8109: 8083: 8060: 8028: 8010:Gould, Elise. 8002: 7984: 7959: 7934: 7906: 7877: 7848: 7825: 7800: 7771: 7746: 7730:"Minimum Wage" 7721: 7695: 7684:. June 3, 2015 7667: 7641: 7615: 7590: 7564: 7528: 7502: 7472: 7431: 7399: 7374: 7349: 7321: 7291: 7261: 7233: 7204: 7187:"Minimum Wage" 7175: 7144: 7137: 7111: 7104: 7084: 7058: 7045:New York Times 7030: 7017: 7002: 6984: 6977: 6952: 6936: 6921: 6903: 6871: 6857:10.1086/252126 6830: 6815: 6797: 6782: 6764: 6749: 6731: 6685: 6668: 6621: 6614: 6594: 6563:10.1086/252125 6537: 6522: 6504: 6457: 6442: 6424: 6407: 6385: 6382:. May 4, 2022. 6371: 6342: 6316: 6294: 6269: 6241: 6194: 6159: 6131: 6103: 6090:"Minimum Wage" 6081: 6052: 6035:"Minimum Wage" 6019: 6003:1800–present: 5953: 5928: 5900: 5876: 5853: 5797: 5796: 5794: 5791: 5788: 5787: 5785: 5784: 5778: 5775:Boulder County 5764: 5760: 5759: 5756:West Hollywood 5753: 5747: 5741: 5735: 5729: 5723: 5717: 5711: 5705: 5699: 5693: 5687: 5681: 5675: 5669: 5663: 5657: 5651: 5645: 5639: 5633: 5627: 5621: 5615: 5609: 5603: 5597: 5591: 5585: 5579: 5573: 5567: 5561: 5558:East Palo Alto 5555: 5549: 5543: 5537: 5531: 5525: 5518: 5510: 5504:Voters passed 5497: 5495: 5494: 5491: 5488: 5476: 5467: 5429: 5428: 5426: 5423: 5421: 5420: 5415: 5410: 5405: 5400: 5395: 5390: 5385: 5380: 5375: 5370: 5365: 5360: 5355: 5350: 5345: 5339: 5338: 5337: 5323: 5307: 5304: 5301: 5300: 5297: 5294: 5291: 5288: 5284: 5283: 5280: 5277: 5274: 5271: 5267: 5266: 5263: 5260: 5257: 5254: 5250: 5249: 5246: 5243: 5240: 5237: 5233: 5232: 5229: 5226: 5223: 5220: 5216: 5215: 5212: 5209: 5206: 5203: 5192: 5191: 5188: 5185: 5182: 5179: 5175: 5174: 5171: 5168: 5165: 5162: 5158: 5157: 5154: 5151: 5148: 5145: 5134: 5133: 5130: 5127: 5124: 5121: 5117: 5116: 5113: 5110: 5107: 5104: 5100: 5099: 5096: 5093: 5090: 5087: 5083: 5082: 5079: 5076: 5073: 5070: 5066: 5065: 5062: 5059: 5056: 5053: 5049: 5048: 5045: 5042: 5039: 5036: 5032: 5031: 5028: 5025: 5022: 5019: 5015: 5014: 5011: 5008: 5005: 5002: 4998: 4997: 4994: 4991: 4988: 4985: 4981: 4980: 4977: 4974: 4971: 4968: 4964: 4963: 4960: 4957: 4954: 4951: 4947: 4946: 4943: 4940: 4937: 4934: 4930: 4929: 4926: 4923: 4920: 4917: 4913: 4912: 4909: 4906: 4903: 4900: 4889: 4888: 4885: 4882: 4879: 4876: 4872: 4871: 4868: 4865: 4862: 4859: 4855: 4854: 4851: 4848: 4845: 4842: 4838: 4837: 4834: 4831: 4828: 4825: 4821: 4820: 4817: 4814: 4811: 4808: 4796: 4795: 4792: 4789: 4786: 4783: 4779: 4778: 4775: 4772: 4769: 4766: 4762: 4761: 4758: 4755: 4752: 4749: 4745: 4744: 4741: 4738: 4735: 4732: 4728: 4727: 4724: 4721: 4718: 4715: 4701: 4698: 4697: 4696: 4690: 4684: 4678: 4675:JPMorgan Chase 4672: 4666: 4660: 4654: 4648: 4647:– $ 16.92/hour 4642: 4636: 4628:. As of 2020: 4621: 4618: 4615: 4614: 4610: 4607: 4604: 4598: 4597: 4584: 4583: 4580: 4562:Following the 4560: 4557: 4554: 4548: 4547: 4544: 4541: 4538: 4532: 4531: 4529: 4526: 4523: 4517: 4516: 4512: 4509: 4508:$ 5.38–$ 6.79 4506: 4504:American Samoa 4500: 4499: 4496: 4490: 4487: 4480: 4477: 4474: 4473: 4434: 4431: 4428: 4425: 4419: 4418: 4415: 4408: 4403: 4398: 4391: 4388: 4385: 4384: 4370: 4352: 4343: 4334: 4330:California law 4317: 4303: 4302: 4299: 4298: 4296: 4289: 4287: 4284: 4281: 4275: 4274: 4259: 4252: 4250: 4247: 4244: 4238: 4237: 4233: 4226: 4224: 4221: 4218: 4212: 4211: 4210: 4209: 4203: 4200:City of SeaTac 4197: 4191: 4181: 4174: 4171: 4168: 4165: 4159: 4158: 4154: 4153: 4150: 4141: 4134: 4132: 4129: 4126: 4120: 4119: 4116: 4109: 4107: 4104: 4101: 4095: 4094: 4092: 4085: 4083: 4080: 4077: 4071: 4070: 4069: 4068: 4061: 4054: 4052: 4049: 4046: 4040: 4039: 4037: 4030: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4017: 4016: 4013: 4006: 4004: 4001: 3998: 3992: 3991: 3989: 3982: 3980: 3978: 3975: 3973:South Carolina 3969: 3968: 3967: 3966: 3963: 3957: 3950: 3948: 3945: 3942: 3936: 3935: 3932: 3925: 3923: 3920: 3917: 3911: 3910: 3750: 3743: 3741: 3734: 3727: 3721: 3720: 3717: 3710: 3708: 3705: 3702: 3696: 3695: 3688: 3681: 3678: 3675: 3672: 3666: 3665: 3662: 3655: 3653: 3650: 3647: 3641: 3640: 3639: 3638: 3632: 3621: 3615: 3609: 3593: 3586: 3584: 3581: 3578: 3576:North Carolina 3572: 3571: 3570: 3569: 3566: 3563: 3553: 3552: 3546: 3539: 3537: 3534: 3531: 3525: 3524: 3523: 3522: 3516: 3510: 3504: 3498: 3491: 3489: 3486: 3483: 3477: 3476: 3475: 3474: 3471: 3468: 3465: 3454: 3447: 3444: 3441: 3435: 3429: 3428: 3426: 3419: 3417: 3414: 3411: 3405: 3404: 3403: 3402: 3392: 3385: 3383: 3380: 3377: 3371: 3370: 3367: 3360: 3357: 3354: 3351: 3345: 3344: 3337: 3330: 3328: 3325: 3322: 3316: 3315: 3314: 3313: 3303: 3296: 3294: 3291: 3288: 3282: 3281: 3279: 3272: 3270: 3268: 3265: 3259: 3258: 3257: 3256: 3253: 3246: 3239: 3232: 3229: 3226: 3220: 3219: 3218: 3217: 3214: 3211: 3208: 3205: 3202: 3199: 3196: 3189: 3182: 3179: 3176: 3173: 3167: 3166: 3160: 3153: 3151: 3148: 3145: 3139: 3138: 3124: 3117: 3115: 3112: 3109: 3103: 3102: 3101: 3100: 3097: 3091: 3084: 3082: 3079: 3076: 3070: 3069: 3067: 3060: 3058: 3056: 3053: 3047: 3046: 3036: 3029: 3027: 3024: 3021: 3015: 3014: 3011: 3004: 3002: 2999: 2996: 2990: 2989: 2964: 2957: 2955: 2952: 2949: 2943: 2942: 2940: 2933: 2931: 2928: 2925: 2919: 2918: 2917: 2916: 2910: 2901:J. B. Pritzker 2896: 2889: 2886: 2883: 2880: 2874: 2873: 2871: 2864: 2862: 2859: 2856: 2850: 2849: 2846: 2839: 2837: 2834: 2831: 2825: 2824: 2817: 2810: 2808: 2805: 2802: 2796: 2795: 2794: 2793: 2790: 2787: 2770:cost of living 2765: 2758: 2756: 2753: 2750: 2744: 2743: 2742: 2741: 2735: 2728: 2726: 2723: 2720: 2714: 2713: 2700: 2693: 2691: 2688: 2685: 2679: 2678: 2677: 2676: 2668: 2661: 2659: 2656: 2653: 2647: 2646: 2645: 2644: 2641: 2638: 2632: 2625: 2623: 2620: 2617: 2611: 2610: 2608: 2601: 2599: 2596: 2593: 2587: 2586: 2584: 2577: 2575: 2572: 2569: 2563: 2562: 2560: 2553: 2551: 2548: 2545: 2539: 2538: 2536: 2529: 2527: 2525: 2522: 2516: 2515: 2512: 2509: 2506:Youth/training 2504: 2499: 2494: 2472: 2469: 2463: 2462: 2459: 2456: 2452: 2451: 2444: 2441: 2437: 2436: 2428: 2425: 2421: 2420: 2417: 2414: 2407: 2404: 2380:Main article: 2377: 2374: 2369: 2368: 2365: 2362: 2346: 2343: 2323: 2317: 2311: 2305: 2299: 2293: 2267:Bernie Sanders 2235:Fight for $ 15 2222: 2219: 2203:Bernie Sanders 2183:Michael Spence 2119: 2116: 2091: 2090: 2087: 2084: 2066: 2065: 2062: 2047: 2046: 2043: 2040: 2037: 2034: 2031: 2020:Robert Whaples 2003: 2002: 1999: 1995: 1994: 1991: 1987: 1986: 1983: 1979: 1978: 1975: 1971: 1970: 1967: 1963: 1962: 1959: 1955: 1954: 1951: 1950:San Francisco 1947: 1946: 1941: 1935: 1934: 1931: 1927: 1926: 1923: 1919: 1918: 1915: 1911: 1910: 1905: 1891: 1888: 1886: 1883: 1877: 1874: 1862:Richard Vedder 1836: 1833: 1809: 1806: 1787: 1784: 1770: 1767: 1757: 1754: 1728: 1725: 1722: 1721: 1718: 1715: 1712: 1708: 1707: 1704: 1701: 1698: 1694: 1693: 1690: 1687: 1684: 1680: 1679: 1676: 1673: 1670: 1666: 1665: 1662: 1659: 1656: 1652: 1651: 1648: 1645: 1642: 1638: 1637: 1634: 1631: 1628: 1624: 1623: 1620: 1617: 1614: 1610: 1609: 1606: 1603: 1600: 1596: 1595: 1592: 1589: 1586: 1568: 1565: 1458: 1455: 1434: 1432: 1429: 1407: 1404: 1350: 1347: 1286: 1283: 1250: 1247: 1175: 1172: 1145: 1142: 1112: 1109: 1095: 1092: 1089: 1088: 1069: 1067: 1060: 1054: 1051: 966: 964: 961: 854:conference in 852:anti-sweatshop 835: 832: 773: 770: 706:U.S. labor law 679: 673: 667: 661: 655: 652:American Samoa 626: 625: 623: 622: 615: 608: 600: 597: 596: 595: 594: 577: 576: 573: 572: 556: 555: 550: 545: 540: 534: 533: 525: 520: 519: 516: 515: 512: 511: 506: 501: 496: 491: 486: 481: 479:Salt Lake City 476: 471: 466: 461: 456: 451: 446: 441: 436: 431: 426: 421: 416: 411: 406: 401: 396: 391: 386: 381: 376: 371: 365: 362: 361: 358: 357: 354: 353: 348: 343: 338: 332: 331: 327: 326: 319: 314: 309: 304: 298: 295: 294: 291: 290: 287: 286: 280: 279: 271: 270: 265: 260: 255: 249: 248: 240: 239: 234: 229: 224: 219: 214: 212:Transportation 209: 203: 202: 194: 193: 191:Pulp and paper 188: 186:Iron and steel 183: 177: 176: 168: 167: 162: 157: 152: 147: 142: 137: 132: 126: 125: 122:Primary sector 117: 112: 111: 108: 107: 104: 103: 98: 93: 91:Tariff History 88: 86:Lumber history 83: 78: 73: 68: 63: 58: 52: 47: 46: 43: 42: 34: 33: 27: 26: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 17574: 17563: 17560: 17558: 17555: 17553: 17550: 17549: 17547: 17532: 17529: 17527: 17524: 17522: 17519: 17517: 17514: 17512: 17509: 17507: 17504: 17502: 17499: 17497: 17494: 17492: 17489: 17487: 17484: 17482: 17479: 17477: 17474: 17472: 17469: 17467: 17464: 17462: 17459: 17457: 17454: 17452: 17449: 17447: 17444: 17442: 17439: 17437: 17434: 17433: 17431: 17423: 17417: 17416:United States 17414: 17412: 17409: 17407: 17404: 17402: 17399: 17397: 17394: 17392: 17389: 17387: 17384: 17382: 17379: 17377: 17374: 17372: 17369: 17367: 17364: 17362: 17359: 17357: 17354: 17352: 17349: 17347: 17344: 17342: 17339: 17337: 17334: 17332: 17329: 17327: 17324: 17322: 17319: 17317: 17314: 17312: 17309: 17307: 17304: 17303: 17301: 17297: 17288: 17283: 17281: 17276: 17274: 17269: 17268: 17265: 17253: 17249: 17245: 17243: 17235: 17233: 17225: 17224: 17221: 17215: 17212: 17210: 17207: 17205: 17202: 17200: 17197: 17195: 17192: 17188: 17185: 17183: 17180: 17178: 17175: 17174: 17172: 17170: 17167: 17165: 17162: 17160: 17157: 17155: 17152: 17150: 17147: 17145: 17142: 17138: 17137:Coats of arms 17135: 17134: 17133: 17130: 17128: 17125: 17123: 17120: 17118: 17115: 17113: 17110: 17108: 17105: 17103: 17100: 17098: 17095: 17093: 17092:Abbreviations 17090: 17089: 17087: 17085:Miscellaneous 17083: 17077: 17074: 17072: 17069: 17066: 17062: 17059: 17057: 17054: 17052: 17049: 17047: 17044: 17040: 17037: 17035: 17032: 17031: 17030: 17027: 17023: 17020: 17019: 17018: 17015: 17013: 17010: 17008: 17005: 17003: 17000: 16998: 16997:Homicide Rate 16995: 16991: 16988: 16986: 16983: 16982: 16981: 16978: 16976: 16975:Constitutions 16973: 16971: 16968: 16966: 16963: 16959: 16956: 16955: 16954: 16951: 16949: 16946: 16944: 16941: 16940: 16938: 16934: 16928: 16925: 16923: 16920: 16918: 16915: 16913: 16910: 16908: 16905: 16903: 16900: 16898: 16895: 16893: 16890: 16889: 16887: 16883: 16877: 16874: 16872: 16869: 16867: 16866:Obesity rates 16864: 16862: 16859: 16857: 16854: 16850: 16847: 16846: 16845: 16842: 16840: 16837: 16835: 16832: 16830: 16827: 16826: 16824: 16820: 16814: 16811: 16809: 16806: 16804: 16801: 16799: 16796: 16794: 16791: 16789: 16786: 16784: 16781: 16779: 16776: 16772: 16769: 16767: 16764: 16762: 16759: 16758: 16757: 16754: 16752: 16749: 16745: 16742: 16741: 16740: 16737: 16735: 16732: 16730: 16727: 16725: 16722: 16720: 16717: 16713: 16710: 16709: 16708: 16705: 16703: 16700: 16696: 16693: 16691: 16688: 16687: 16686: 16683: 16679: 16676: 16675: 16674: 16671: 16669: 16666: 16664: 16661: 16659: 16656: 16654: 16651: 16649: 16646: 16645: 16643: 16639: 16633: 16630: 16628: 16625: 16623: 16620: 16618: 16615: 16613: 16610: 16608: 16605: 16603: 16600: 16598: 16595: 16593: 16590: 16588: 16585: 16583: 16580: 16578: 16575: 16573: 16570: 16568: 16565: 16564: 16562: 16558: 16552: 16549: 16547: 16544: 16541: 16537: 16534: 16532: 16529: 16527: 16524: 16522: 16519: 16517: 16514: 16512: 16509: 16507: 16504: 16503: 16501: 16497: 16491: 16488: 16486: 16483: 16481: 16478: 16476: 16473: 16471: 16468: 16466: 16463: 16461: 16458: 16456: 16453: 16451: 16448: 16446: 16445:Poverty rates 16443: 16441: 16440:Minimum wages 16438: 16436: 16433: 16431: 16428: 16426: 16423: 16419: 16416: 16415: 16414: 16411: 16407: 16404: 16402: 16399: 16398: 16397: 16394: 16392: 16389: 16387: 16384: 16382: 16379: 16377: 16374: 16372: 16369: 16367: 16364: 16362: 16359: 16357: 16354: 16353: 16351: 16347: 16339: 16336: 16335: 16334: 16331: 16329: 16326: 16324: 16321: 16319: 16316: 16314: 16313:Net migration 16311: 16309: 16306: 16304: 16301: 16299: 16296: 16294: 16291: 16289: 16286: 16282: 16279: 16277: 16274: 16272: 16269: 16267: 16264: 16262: 16259: 16257: 16254: 16252: 16249: 16247: 16244: 16242: 16239: 16237: 16234: 16232: 16229: 16227: 16224: 16222: 16219: 16218: 16217: 16216: 16212: 16211: 16209: 16205: 16201: 16196: 16192: 16185: 16180: 16178: 16173: 16171: 16166: 16165: 16162: 16150: 16147: 16145: 16137: 16135: 16127: 16124: 16123: 16120: 16114: 16111: 16109: 16106: 16104: 16101: 16099: 16098: 16094: 16092: 16089: 16087: 16084: 16082: 16079: 16075: 16072: 16070: 16067: 16065: 16062: 16061: 16060: 16057: 16055: 16052: 16050: 16047: 16046: 16044: 16042: 16038: 16032: 16029: 16027: 16024: 16022: 16019: 16017: 16014: 16012: 16009: 16008: 16006: 16004: 16000: 15994: 15991: 15989: 15986: 15984: 15981: 15980: 15978: 15974: 15968: 15965: 15963: 15960: 15958: 15955: 15953: 15950: 15949: 15947: 15943: 15937: 15934: 15932: 15929: 15927: 15924: 15922: 15919: 15915: 15912: 15910: 15907: 15906: 15905: 15902: 15900: 15897: 15895: 15892: 15890: 15887: 15885: 15884:States by GDP 15882: 15880: 15877: 15876: 15874: 15872: 15868: 15862: 15859: 15857: 15854: 15852: 15849: 15847: 15844: 15842: 15839: 15837: 15834: 15832: 15829: 15827: 15824: 15822: 15819: 15817: 15814: 15812: 15809: 15807: 15804: 15802: 15799: 15797: 15794: 15792: 15789: 15787: 15784: 15783: 15781: 15779: 15775: 15769: 15766: 15764: 15761: 15759: 15756: 15754: 15751: 15748: 15744: 15741: 15738: 15734: 15731: 15729: 15726: 15722: 15719: 15717: 15714: 15712: 15709: 15708: 15707: 15704: 15702: 15699: 15697: 15694: 15692: 15689: 15688: 15686: 15684: 15680: 15676: 15670: 15667: 15665: 15662: 15660: 15657: 15655: 15652: 15650: 15647: 15645: 15642: 15641: 15639: 15635: 15629: 15626: 15624: 15621: 15619: 15616: 15614: 15611: 15609: 15606: 15604: 15601: 15599: 15596: 15594: 15591: 15589: 15586: 15584: 15581: 15579: 15576: 15575: 15573: 15571: 15567: 15563: 15555: 15552: 15550: 15547: 15545: 15542: 15541: 15540: 15537: 15535: 15532: 15528: 15525: 15523: 15520: 15519: 15518: 15515: 15513: 15510: 15508: 15507:Energy policy 15505: 15504: 15502: 15500: 15496: 15490: 15487: 15485: 15482: 15480: 15477: 15475: 15472: 15470: 15467: 15466: 15464: 15462: 15458: 15452: 15449: 15447: 15444: 15442: 15439: 15437: 15434: 15430: 15427: 15426: 15425: 15422: 15420: 15417: 15415: 15412: 15410: 15407: 15405: 15402: 15400: 15397: 15395: 15392: 15390: 15387: 15385: 15381: 15378: 15374: 15371: 15370: 15369: 15366: 15364: 15361: 15359: 15356: 15354: 15351: 15349: 15346: 15344: 15341: 15339: 15336: 15334: 15331: 15329: 15326: 15324: 15321: 15319: 15316: 15314: 15311: 15309: 15308:Biotechnology 15306: 15304: 15301: 15299: 15296: 15294: 15291: 15289: 15286: 15282: 15279: 15278: 15277: 15274: 15273: 15271: 15269: 15265: 15259: 15256: 15254: 15251: 15249: 15246: 15244: 15241: 15239: 15236: 15235: 15233: 15231: 15227: 15223: 15213: 15209: 15195: 15190: 15188: 15183: 15181: 15176: 15175: 15172: 15168: 15163: 15160: 15158: 15155: 15153: 15150: 15148: 15145: 15143: 15140: 15138: 15135: 15133: 15130: 15129: 15128: 15127: 15114: 15110: 15106: 15102: 15098: 15094: 15090: 15086: 15081: 15077: 15071: 15067: 15066: 15060: 15054: 15050: 15046: 15042: 15037: 15032: 15028: 15024: 15023: 15018: 15012: 15011: 15007: 15002: 14998: 14994: 14989: 14988: 14967: 14961: 14945: 14939: 14937: 14920: 14914: 14912: 14896: 14892: 14885: 14870: 14866: 14860: 14844: 14840: 14834: 14819: 14818: 14813: 14806: 14791: 14787: 14781: 14765: 14761: 14755: 14740: 14736: 14729: 14727: 14725: 14716: 14710: 14695: 14691: 14684: 14682: 14666: 14665: 14660: 14653: 14637: 14633: 14632:www.vidol.gov 14629: 14623: 14604: 14598: 14582: 14578: 14571: 14563: 14559: 14553: 14538: 14534: 14527: 14512: 14505: 14499: 14491: 14487: 14481: 14466: 14462: 14456: 14441: 14437: 14431: 14420: 14416: 14409: 14403: 14388: 14387: 14382: 14376: 14369: 14365: 14361: 14355: 14353: 14336: 14332: 14326: 14311: 14310: 14305: 14298: 14283: 14282: 14277: 14270: 14255: 14251: 14244: 14229: 14225: 14219: 14211: 14205: 14198: 14193: 14178: 14174: 14168: 14153: 14149: 14143: 14128: 14124: 14118: 14116: 14114: 14112: 14103: 14097: 14095: 14078: 14072: 14057: 14056: 14051: 14044: 14029: 14025: 14019: 14004: 14000: 13994: 13979: 13975: 13968: 13953: 13949: 13943: 13927: 13923: 13919: 13913: 13905: 13899: 13884: 13880: 13873: 13857: 13853: 13847: 13839: 13838: 13837:The Oregonian 13833: 13826: 13824: 13808: 13804: 13798: 13783: 13779: 13773: 13771: 13759:September 25, 13751: 13745: 13730: 13723: 13717: 13709: 13705: 13699: 13681: 13675: 13659: 13655: 13649: 13634: 13630: 13623: 13608: 13601: 13595: 13580: 13576: 13569: 13553: 13549: 13543: 13528: 13524: 13518: 13503: 13496: 13490: 13474: 13470: 13464: 13449: 13445: 13438: 13422: 13418: 13412: 13410: 13391: 13385: 13367: 13361: 13346: 13342: 13336: 13321: 13317: 13311: 13296: 13292: 13286: 13270: 13266: 13262: 13256: 13241: 13237: 13231: 13216: 13212: 13206: 13198: 13192: 13184: 13180: 13174: 13159: 13155: 13148: 13140: 13133: 13127: 13125: 13123: 13107: 13103: 13097: 13078: 13072: 13061:September 25, 13053: 13047: 13031: 13030: 13025: 13019: 13011: 13007: 13001: 12986: 12982: 12976: 12960: 12954: 12939: 12935: 12929: 12914: 12908: 12893: 12887: 12872: 12868: 12862: 12846: 12842: 12838: 12832: 12817: 12811: 12795: 12789: 12774: 12773: 12765: 12759: 12744: 12740: 12734: 12719: 12715: 12709: 12698: 12692: 12676: 12672: 12666: 12658: 12657: 12649: 12643: 12635: 12634: 12629: 12623: 12617:. July 2018. 12616: 12612: 12606: 12599: 12595: 12590: 12574: 12568: 12553: 12546: 12540: 12525: 12521: 12514: 12498: 12494: 12488: 12469: 12462: 12456: 12448: 12442: 12426: 12422: 12416: 12401: 12400: 12395: 12388: 12380: 12376: 12370: 12355: 12351: 12345: 12329: 12325: 12319: 12303: 12299: 12293: 12291: 12289: 12273: 12266: 12260: 12245: 12241: 12234: 12218: 12214: 12210: 12204: 12188: 12184: 12180: 12174: 12159: 12155: 12148: 12133: 12129: 12123: 12121: 12104: 12100: 12096: 12090: 12074: 12068: 12053: 12049: 12043: 12027: 12021: 12006: 12005: 12000: 11993: 11984: 11969: 11965: 11958: 11943: 11939: 11933: 11918: 11912: 11901:September 25, 11896: 11892: 11886: 11870: 11864: 11862: 11846: 11842: 11836: 11821: 11817: 11811: 11803: 11797: 11782: 11776: 11761: 11757: 11751: 11736: 11732: 11726: 11711: 11707: 11700: 11685: 11684: 11679: 11672: 11657: 11653: 11647: 11631: 11627: 11621: 11619: 11603: 11597: 11582: 11578: 11571: 11556: 11552: 11545: 11530: 11526: 11520: 11505: 11499: 11484: 11480: 11474: 11466: 11462: 11455: 11453: 11437: 11433: 11427: 11412: 11408: 11402: 11386: 11382: 11376: 11374: 11372: 11370: 11368: 11352: 11348: 11342: 11327: 11323: 11317: 11302: 11298: 11292: 11290: 11273: 11269: 11263: 11244: 11238: 11222: 11218: 11212: 11196: 11192: 11188: 11182: 11167: 11163: 11159: 11153: 11138: 11131: 11125: 11109: 11105: 11101: 11094: 11092: 11075: 11071: 11065: 11050: 11046: 11039: 11031: 11027: 11021: 11013: 11009: 11003: 10987: 10980: 10974: 10958: 10952: 10944: 10943: 10938: 10932: 10913: 10909: 10908:Nelp.3cdn.net 10902: 10896: 10889: 10884: 10880: 10873: 10857: 10853: 10847: 10832: 10831: 10826: 10819: 10804: 10803: 10798: 10791: 10776: 10775: 10770: 10763: 10748: 10744: 10738: 10723: 10722: 10717: 10710: 10694: 10690: 10684: 10669: 10665: 10661: 10660: 10655: 10648: 10637:September 15, 10633: 10632: 10627: 10620: 10605: 10604: 10599: 10592: 10577: 10576: 10571: 10564: 10549: 10548: 10543: 10536: 10520: 10514: 10498: 10494: 10488: 10473: 10469: 10462: 10446: 10442: 10436: 10421: 10420: 10415: 10408: 10393: 10392: 10387: 10380: 10364: 10360: 10354: 10339: 10335: 10331: 10330: 10325: 10318: 10310: 10306: 10305: 10300: 10293: 10285: 10284: 10279: 10272: 10261:September 15, 10256: 10252: 10248: 10242: 10235: 10231: 10228: 10223: 10215: 10211: 10207: 10201: 10194: 10190: 10184: 10177: 10176: 10171: 10165: 10149: 10145: 10144: 10139: 10132: 10125: 10121: 10115: 10113: 10111: 10103: 10102: 10097: 10091: 10084: 10078: 10071: 10067: 10064:Mike Lillis, 10061: 10054: 10050: 10044: 10042: 10034: 10030: 10024: 10016: 10012: 10008: 10006:0-465-08145-2 10002: 9998: 9997: 9989: 9974: 9973: 9968: 9961: 9955: 9951: 9948: 9944: 9938: 9922: 9918: 9912: 9897: 9893: 9887: 9879: 9878: 9873: 9867: 9851: 9850: 9845: 9839: 9831: 9830: 9825: 9819: 9811: 9810: 9805: 9799: 9784: 9780: 9774: 9767: 9761: 9754: 9748: 9741: 9738:Mankiw, N.G. 9735: 9716: 9709: 9694: 9693: 9688: 9681: 9666: 9662: 9655: 9647: 9643: 9639: 9635: 9631: 9627: 9620: 9614: 9611: 9605: 9599: 9596: 9590: 9574: 9570: 9564: 9556: 9552: 9548: 9541: 9525: 9521: 9515: 9508: 9503: 9499: 9493: 9477: 9473: 9467: 9461: 9455: 9447: 9443: 9439: 9435: 9431: 9427: 9424:(2): 443–64. 9423: 9419: 9412: 9410: 9394: 9387: 9381: 9379: 9370: 9366: 9362: 9358: 9353: 9348: 9344: 9340: 9336: 9332: 9328: 9324: 9320: 9313: 9311: 9295: 9291: 9284: 9277: 9272: 9271: 9266: 9259: 9252: 9247: 9246: 9241: 9234: 9227: 9212: 9205: 9198: 9193: 9189: 9185: 9181: 9176: 9171: 9167: 9163: 9159: 9155: 9151: 9144: 9129:. August 2007 9128: 9121: 9115: 9099: 9095: 9089: 9073: 9069: 9063: 9061: 9059: 9057: 9055: 9046: 9042: 9038: 9034: 9030: 9026: 9022: 9015: 9007: 9003: 8999: 8995: 8991: 8987: 8983: 8976: 8969: 8964: 8960: 8956: 8952: 8948: 8944: 8940: 8933: 8925: 8921: 8916: 8911: 8907: 8903: 8896: 8881: 8877: 8876: 8871: 8864: 8857: 8845: 8841: 8836: 8831: 8827: 8826: 8818: 8811: 8804: 8799: 8795: 8794: 8789: 8782: 8775: 8763: 8759: 8754: 8749: 8745: 8744: 8736: 8729: 8721: 8720: 8715: 8708: 8700: 8699: 8698:The Economist 8694: 8688: 8682: 8679: 8673: 8666: 8662: 8656: 8646: 8645: 8640: 8635: 8634: 8624: 8617: 8610: 8602: 8598: 8594: 8590: 8587:(2): 406–28. 8586: 8582: 8575: 8567: 8563: 8559: 8555: 8551: 8547: 8540: 8533: 8530: 8524: 8522: 8513: 8509: 8505: 8501: 8494: 8488: 8485:12 Mar. 2021 8482: 8480: 8464: 8457: 8451: 8435: 8431: 8427: 8423: 8419: 8412: 8410: 8408: 8399: 8397:0-517-54823-2 8393: 8389: 8388: 8383: 8377: 8369: 8363: 8359: 8352: 8344: 8340: 8337:(5): 835–56. 8336: 8332: 8324: 8316: 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7240: 7238: 7226:September 25, 7221: 7214: 7208: 7192: 7188: 7182: 7180: 7170: 7161: 7154: 7148: 7140: 7134: 7130: 7125: 7124: 7115: 7107: 7101: 7097: 7096: 7088: 7072: 7068: 7062: 7047: 7046: 7041: 7034: 7027: 7021: 7013: 7009: 7005: 7003:0-674-71765-1 6999: 6995: 6988: 6980: 6974: 6969: 6968: 6959: 6957: 6949: 6943: 6941: 6932: 6928: 6924: 6918: 6914: 6907: 6888: 6881: 6875: 6867: 6863: 6858: 6853: 6849: 6845: 6841: 6834: 6826: 6822: 6818: 6812: 6808: 6801: 6793: 6789: 6785: 6779: 6775: 6768: 6760: 6756: 6752: 6746: 6742: 6735: 6727: 6723: 6718: 6713: 6709: 6705: 6701: 6694: 6692: 6690: 6681: 6680: 6672: 6664: 6660: 6656: 6652: 6648: 6644: 6640: 6636: 6632: 6625: 6617: 6615:9789221025115 6611: 6607: 6606: 6598: 6590: 6586: 6582: 6578: 6573: 6568: 6564: 6560: 6556: 6552: 6548: 6541: 6533: 6529: 6525: 6519: 6515: 6508: 6500: 6496: 6492: 6488: 6484: 6480: 6476: 6472: 6468: 6461: 6453: 6449: 6445: 6439: 6435: 6428: 6420: 6419: 6411: 6395: 6389: 6381: 6375: 6360: 6356: 6352: 6346: 6330: 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2995: 2992: 2991: 2987: 2983: 2979: 2974: 2970: 2965: 2956: 2953: 2950: 2948: 2945: 2944: 2941: 2932: 2929: 2926: 2924: 2921: 2920: 2914: 2911: 2908: 2905: 2904: 2902: 2897: 2887: 2884: 2881: 2879: 2876: 2875: 2872: 2863: 2860: 2857: 2855: 2852: 2851: 2847: 2838: 2835: 2832: 2830: 2827: 2826: 2822: 2818: 2809: 2806: 2803: 2801: 2798: 2797: 2791: 2788: 2785: 2784: 2783: 2779: 2775: 2772:formula (the 2771: 2766: 2757: 2754: 2751: 2749: 2746: 2745: 2739: 2738: 2736: 2727: 2724: 2721: 2719: 2716: 2715: 2712: 2710: 2705: 2701: 2692: 2689: 2686: 2684: 2681: 2680: 2674: 2671: 2670: 2669: 2660: 2657: 2654: 2652: 2649: 2648: 2642: 2639: 2636: 2635: 2633: 2624: 2621: 2618: 2616: 2613: 2612: 2609: 2600: 2597: 2594: 2592: 2589: 2588: 2585: 2576: 2573: 2570: 2568: 2565: 2564: 2561: 2552: 2549: 2546: 2544: 2541: 2540: 2537: 2528: 2526: 2523: 2521: 2518: 2517: 2513: 2510: 2492: 2491: 2485: 2481: 2479: 2468: 2460: 2457: 2454: 2453: 2449: 2445: 2442: 2439: 2438: 2433: 2429: 2426: 2423: 2422: 2418: 2415: 2412: 2411: 2403: 2399: 2395: 2393: 2389: 2388:minimum wages 2383: 2373: 2366: 2363: 2360: 2359: 2358: 2355: 2352: 2342: 2338: 2336: 2291: 2287: 2283: 2278: 2274: 2272: 2268: 2263: 2260: 2256: 2252: 2247: 2244: 2240: 2236: 2227: 2218: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2200: 2196: 2192: 2188: 2184: 2180: 2176: 2172: 2168: 2167:Peter Diamond 2164: 2163:Kenneth Arrow 2159: 2157: 2153: 2150: 2145: 2142: 2137: 2136:George Miller 2133: 2129: 2125: 2115: 2113: 2112: 2107: 2106:Thomas Sowell 2104: 2100: 2096: 2088: 2085: 2082: 2081: 2080: 2078: 2073: 2071: 2063: 2060: 2059: 2058: 2056: 2051: 2044: 2041: 2038: 2035: 2032: 2029: 2028: 2027: 2025: 2021: 2016: 2012: 2010: 1996: 1990:Philadelphia 1988: 1980: 1972: 1964: 1956: 1948: 1945: 1940: 1939:United States 1936: 1928: 1920: 1912: 1909:minimum wage 1906: 1903: 1902: 1882: 1873: 1869: 1867: 1863: 1860:study led by 1858: 1857:David Neumark 1853: 1851: 1847: 1841: 1832: 1830: 1820: 1815: 1805: 1801: 1797: 1794: 1783: 1779: 1776: 1766: 1763: 1753: 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Francisco 1171: 1169: 1165: 1156: 1151: 1141: 1138: 1133: 1129: 1125: 1121: 1117: 1116:Section 14(c) 1108: 1106: 1101: 1085: 1073: 1068: 1059: 1058: 1050: 1046: 1044: 1040: 1039: 1034: 1030: 1026: 1022: 1018: 1017: 1012: 1008: 1004: 1003: 998: 994: 990: 987:In 1933, the 984: 981: 974: 972: 960: 958: 954: 950: 946: 941: 939: 935: 931: 930: 925: 924: 919: 917: 912: 908: 904: 900: 895: 892: 888: 887:Massachusetts 884: 880: 872: 867: 863: 861: 857: 853: 849: 845: 841: 840:civic concern 831: 829: 824: 822: 819: 815: 811: 807: 802: 800: 795: 791: 787: 783: 779: 769: 767: 761: 759: 755: 751: 746: 743:In 2021, the 741: 738: 734: 729: 727: 723: 719: 715: 711: 707: 703: 699: 698:United States 690: 653: 649: 645: 641: 637: 632: 621: 616: 614: 609: 607: 602: 601: 599: 598: 592: 581: 580: 579: 578: 570: 566: 563: 562: 561: 560: 554: 551: 549: 546: 544: 541: 539: 536: 535: 532: 531: 527: 526: 523: 518: 517: 510: 507: 505: 502: 500: 497: 495: 492: 490: 487: 485: 482: 480: 477: 475: 472: 470: 467: 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bans 17039:Marriage law 16990:Gun Violence 16719:Legislatures 16690:Alphabetical 16460:Savings rate 16430:Median wages 16356:Billionaires 16213: 16207:Demographics 16095: 16081:Demographics 15931:Urbanization 15904:Unemployment 15716:Central bank 15664:Minimum wage 15663: 15446:Video gaming 15166: 15124: 15092: 15088: 15064: 15026: 15020: 14970:. 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