374:(CSS) resources may be minified, preserving their behavior while considerably reducing their file size. Libraries available online are capable of minification and optimization to varying degrees. Some libraries also merge multiple script files into a single file for client download. JavaScript source maps can make code readable and debuggable even after it has been combined and minified.
72:, which are used to add readability to the code but are not required for it to execute. Minification reduces the size of the source code, making its transmission over a network (e.g. the Internet) more efficient. In programmer culture, aiming at extremely minified source code is the purpose of recreational
297:, which was superseded by UglifyJS2 in 2012; the rewrite was to allow for source map support. From 2017, Alex Lam took over maintenance and development of UglifyJS2, replacing it with UglifyJS3 which unified the CLI with the API. In 2018,
83:
in that the minified source can be interpreted immediately without the need for a decompression step: the same interpreter can work with both the original as well as with the minified source.
332:
The original format was created by Joseph Schorr as part of the
Closure Inspector minification project. Version 2 and 3 of the format reduced the size of the map files considerably.
106:
or unminifier can only fully reverse the minification process if it is supplied details of the transformations done by such techniques. If not supplied those details, the reversed
566:
348:
comes with minification support for several languages. It can readily browse the Visual Studio
Marketplace to download and install additional minifiers.
429:
444:
619:
593:
293:
which contained a source mapping feature together with a
Firefox extension called Closure Inspector. In 2010, Mihai Bazon introduced
301:
has been forked from uglify-es and has gained momentum since; in 2020 it outstripped UglifyJS when measured in daily downloads.
367:
and websites have been developed to optimize file requests and reduce page load times by shrinking the size of various files.
392:
110:
will contain different variable names and control flow, even though it will have the same functionality as the original
570:
69:
421:
549:
529:
57:
20:
321:
to display different code to a user than the code actually executed by the computer. For example, to aid in
351:
JavaScript optimizers can minify and generate source maps. In addition certain online tools can compress
627:
94:
or unminifier. However, to achieve its goals, minification sometimes uses techniques also used by
352:
465:
371:
647:
49:
8:
652:
65:
345:
278:
80:
487:
404:
364:
285:, which removed comments and whitespace from JavaScript code. It was followed by
87:
56:
without changing its functionality. These unnecessary characters usually include
53:
641:
473:
400:
541:
16:
Removal of unnecessary characters in code without changing its functionality
449:
103:
91:
530:
https://github.com//terser/commit/3ef6879ecafd12b57e575ec85e6104e71d5a1b6f
326:
314:
111:
107:
99:
95:
45:
318:
123:
322:
73:
27:
325:
of minified code, by "mapping" this code to the original unminified
79:
Minification can be distinguished from the more general concept of
289:
in 2007. In 2009, Google opened up its
Closure toolkit, including
61:
44:) is the process of removing all unnecessary characters from the
506:"terser · JavaScript mangler and compressor toolkit for ES6+"
98:; for example, shortening variable names and refactoring the
445:"Google opens up its JavaScript development toolbox to all"
86:
The goals of minification are not the same as the goals of
131:// This is a comment that will be removed by the minifier
594:"Minify CSS – CSS Minifying and Compression Explained"
505:
90:; the former is often intended to be reversed using a
26:"Terser" redirects here. For the basic topic, see
639:
102:. When minification uses such techniques, the
390:
620:"Introduction to JavaScript Source Maps"
391:Crockford, Douglas (11 September 2001).
640:
617:
591:
552:from the original on 27 January 2024.
463:
561:
559:
442:
416:
414:
432:from the original on 24 April 2016.
13:
358:
14:
664:
569:. 11 January 2011. Archived from
556:
466:"Should you switch to UglifyJS2?"
411:
304:
208:is equivalent to but longer than
50:interpreted programming languages
567:"Source Map Revision 3 Proposal"
464:Bazon, Mihai (8 November 2012).
393:"JSMin: The JavaScript Minifier"
611:
592:Megida, Dillion (18 May 2022).
585:
317:that allows software tools for
618:Seddon, Ryan (21 March 2012).
534:
523:
498:
480:
457:
443:Paul, Ryan (6 November 2009).
436:
384:
1:
377:
363:Components and libraries for
7:
428:. The WebPlatform Project.
10:
669:
272:
117:
25:
18:
340:
335:
210:
128:
58:white space characters
542:"Terser vs uglify-js"
426:webplatform.github.io
372:Cascading Style Sheet
630:on 28 December 2021.
19:For other uses, see
422:"Code minification"
62:new line characters
346:Visual Studio Code
279:Douglas Crockford
122:For example, the
660:
632:
631:
626:. Archived from
615:
609:
608:
606:
604:
589:
583:
582:
580:
578:
563:
554:
553:
538:
532:
527:
521:
520:
518:
516:
502:
496:
495:
484:
478:
477:
461:
455:
454:
440:
434:
433:
418:
409:
408:
407:on 5 April 2002.
403:. Archived from
388:
365:Web applications
291:Closure Compiler
268:
265:
262:
259:
256:
253:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
235:
232:
229:
226:
223:
220:
217:
214:
204:
201:
198:
195:
192:
189:
186:
183:
180:
177:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
159:
156:
153:
150:
147:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
81:data compression
70:block delimiters
68:, and sometimes
54:markup languages
668:
667:
663:
662:
661:
659:
658:
657:
638:
637:
636:
635:
616:
612:
602:
600:
590:
586:
576:
574:
573:on 8 March 2016
565:
564:
557:
540:
539:
535:
528:
524:
514:
512:
504:
503:
499:
488:"uglify-js NPM"
486:
485:
481:
462:
458:
441:
437:
420:
419:
412:
389:
385:
380:
370:JavaScript and
361:
359:Web development
343:
338:
307:
275:
270:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
254:
251:
248:
245:
242:
239:
236:
233:
230:
227:
224:
221:
218:
215:
212:
206:
205:
202:
199:
196:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
178:
175:
172:
169:
166:
163:
160:
157:
154:
151:
148:
145:
142:
139:
136:
133:
130:
120:
31:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
666:
656:
655:
650:
634:
633:
610:
598:Free Code Camp
584:
555:
533:
522:
497:
479:
474:Self-published
470:lisperator.net
456:
435:
410:
401:Self-published
382:
381:
379:
376:
360:
357:
342:
339:
337:
334:
306:
305:Source mapping
303:
287:YUI Compressor
274:
271:
211:
129:
119:
116:
104:pretty-printer
92:pretty-printer
76:competitions.
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
665:
654:
651:
649:
646:
645:
643:
629:
625:
621:
614:
599:
595:
588:
572:
568:
562:
560:
551:
547:
543:
537:
531:
526:
511:
507:
501:
494:. 6 May 2017.
493:
489:
483:
475:
471:
467:
460:
452:
451:
446:
439:
431:
427:
423:
417:
415:
406:
402:
398:
397:Crockford.com
394:
387:
383:
375:
373:
368:
366:
356:
354:
349:
347:
333:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
302:
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
209:
127:
125:
115:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
82:
77:
75:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
51:
47:
43:
39:
35:
29:
22:
628:the original
623:
613:
601:. Retrieved
597:
587:
575:. Retrieved
571:the original
545:
536:
525:
513:. Retrieved
509:
500:
491:
482:
469:
459:
450:Ars Technica
448:
438:
425:
405:the original
396:
386:
369:
362:
350:
344:
331:
310:
308:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
276:
207:
121:
85:
78:
42:minimization
41:
38:minimisation
37:
34:Minification
33:
32:
21:Minimisation
648:Source code
624:HTML5 Rocks
327:source code
315:file format
281:introduced
112:source code
108:source code
100:source code
96:obfuscation
88:obfuscation
46:source code
653:JavaScript
642:Categories
546:NPM trends
515:29 January
510:terser.org
378:References
319:JavaScript
311:Source Map
124:JavaScript
492:npmjs.com
329:instead.
323:debugging
74:code golf
28:terseness
603:29 March
577:16 April
550:Archived
430:Archived
295:UglifyJS
277:In 2001
66:comments
355:files.
273:History
118:Example
299:Terser
36:(also
341:Tools
336:Types
313:is a
283:JSMin
191:array
137:array
126:code
605:2024
579:2016
517:2023
246:<
170:<
353:CSS
219:var
213:for
152:var
146:for
134:var
52:or
48:of
40:or
644::
622:.
596:.
558:^
548:.
544:.
508:.
490:.
472:.
468:.
447:.
424:.
413:^
399:.
395:.
309:A
267:);
264:++
249:20
182:++
173:20
114:.
64:,
60:,
607:.
581:.
519:.
476:.
453:.
261:i
258:=
255:a
252:;
243:i
240:;
237:0
234:=
231:i
228:,
225:=
222:a
216:(
203:}
200:;
197:i
194:=
188:{
185:)
179:i
176:;
167:i
164:;
161:0
158:=
155:i
149:(
143:;
140:=
30:.
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.