592:. Orsi, established in the profession, introduced him to influential collectors; Longhi, more balefully, introduced him to the world of Roman street brawls. Minniti served Caravaggio as a model and, years later, would be instrumental in helping him to obtain important commissions in Sicily. Ostensibly, the first archival reference to Caravaggio in a contemporary document from Rome is the listing of his name, with that of Prospero Orsi as his partner, as an 'assistant' in a procession in October 1594 in honour of St. Luke. The earliest informative account of his life in the city is a court transcript dated 11 July 1597, when Caravaggio and Prospero Orsi were witnesses to a crime near San Luigi de' Francesi.
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1624:. His style continued to evolve, showing now friezes of figures isolated against vast empty backgrounds. "His great Sicilian altarpieces isolate their shadowy, pitifully poor figures in vast areas of darkness; they suggest the desperate fears and frailty of man, and at the same time convey, with a new yet desolate tenderness, the beauty of humility and of the meek, who shall inherit the earth." Contemporary reports depict a man whose behaviour was becoming increasingly bizarre, which included sleeping fully armed and in his clothes, ripping up a painting at a slight word of criticism, and mocking local painters.
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of the most prominent
Italian painters of his generation. He travelled to Malta and on to Sicily in 1607 and pursued a papal pardon for his sentence. In 1609, he returned to Naples, where he was involved in a violent clash; his face was disfigured, and rumours of his death circulated. Questions about his mental state arose from his erratic and bizarre behavior. He died in 1610 under uncertain circumstances while on his way from Naples to Rome. Reports stated that he died of a fever, but suggestions have been made that he was murdered or that he died of lead poisoning.
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evidence and much rumour. The balance of probability suggests that
Caravaggio did indeed have sexual relations with men. But he certainly had female lovers. Throughout the years that he spent in Rome, he kept close company with a number of prostitutes. The truth is that Caravaggio was as uneasy in his relationships as he was in most other aspects of life. He likely slept with men. He did sleep with women. He settled with no one... the idea that he was an early martyr to the drives of an unconventional sexuality is an anachronistic fiction.
859:) brought high drama to his subjects, while his acutely observed realism brought a new level of emotional intensity. Opinion among his artist peers was polarized. Some denounced him for various perceived failings, notably his insistence on painting from life, without drawings, but for the most part he was hailed as a great artistic visionary: "The painters then in Rome were greatly taken by this novelty, and the young ones particularly gathered around him, praised him as the unique imitator of nature, and looked on his work as miracles."
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1632:("Lives of the Painters of Messina") provides several colourful anecdotes of Caravaggio's erratic behaviour in Sicily, and these are reproduced in modern full-length biographies such as Langdon and Robb. Bellori writes of Caravaggio's "fear" driving him from city to city across the island and finally, "feeling that it was no longer safe to remain", back to Naples. Baglione says Caravaggio was being "chased by his enemy", but like Bellori does not say who this enemy was.
1325:, a well-known Roman prostitute who had modeled for him in several important paintings; Tomassoni was her pimp. According to such rumors, Caravaggio castrated Tomassoni with his sword before deliberately killing him, with other versions claiming that Tomassoni's death had been caused accidentally during the castration. The duel may have had a political dimension, as Tomassoni's family was notoriously pro-Spanish, whereas Caravaggio was a client of the French ambassador.
2345:, within a few decades his works were being ascribed to less scandalous artists, or simply overlooked. The Baroque, to which he contributed so much, had evolved, and fashions had changed, but perhaps more pertinently, Caravaggio never established a workshop as the Carracci did and thus had no school to spread his techniques. Nor did he ever set out his underlying philosophical approach to art, the psychological realism that may only be deduced from his surviving work.
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565:, supposedly a self-portrait done during convalescence from a serious illness that ended his employment with Cesari. All three demonstrate the physical particularity for which Caravaggio was to become renowned: the fruit-basket-boy's produce has been analyzed by a professor of horticulture, who was able to identify individual cultivars right down to "...a large fig leaf with a prominent fungal scorch lesion resembling
1113:, painted for a small altar in Saint Peter's Basilica in Rome, remained there for just two days and was then removed. A cardinal's secretary wrote: "In this painting, there are but vulgarity, sacrilege, impiousness and disgust...One would say it is a work made by a painter that can paint well, but of a dark spirit, and who has been for a lot of time far from God, from His adoration, and from any good thought..."
2016:". Chiaroscuro was practised long before he came on the scene, but it was Caravaggio who made the technique a dominant stylistic element, darkening the shadows and transfixing the subject in a blinding shaft of light. With this came the acute observation of physical and psychological reality that formed the ground both for his immense popularity and for his frequent problems with his religious commissions.
496:, in 1592, Caravaggio left Milan for Rome in flight after "certain quarrels" and the wounding of a police officer. The young artist arrived in Rome "naked and extremely needy... without fixed address and without provision... short of money." During this period, he stayed with the miserly Pandolfo Pucci, known as "monsignor Insalata". A few months later he was performing hack-work for the highly successful
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in his later biography additionally relates the story of how the artist was chased by a schoolmaster in Sicily for spending too long gazing at the boys in his care. Susino presents it as a misunderstanding, but some authors have speculated that
Caravaggio may indeed have been seeking sex with the boys, using the incident to explain some of his paintings which they believe to be homoerotic.
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1195:—as difficult as it was to accept Caravaggio's other semi-clad adolescents as the various angels he painted in his canvases, wearing much the same stage-prop wings. The point, however, is the intense yet ambiguous reality of the work: it is simultaneously Cupid and Cecco, as Caravaggio's Virgins were simultaneously the Mother of Christ and the Roman courtesans who modeled for them.
2432:"Michelangelo Merisi, son of Fermo di Caravaggio – in painting not equal to a painter, but to Nature itself – died in Port' Ercole – betaking himself hither from Naples – returning to Rome – 15th calend of August – In the year of our Lord 1610 – He lived thirty-six years nine months and twenty days – Marzio Milesi, Jurisconsult – Dedicated this to a friend of extraordinary genius."
2671: (Caravaggio, Valletta) was stolen from the St. John's Co-Cathedral, Malta. The canvas was cut out of the frame. The painting was recovered two years later, following negotiations between the thieves and Fr. Marius J. Zerafa, then the Director of Museums in Malta. A full account of the theft and successful recovery had been recorded by Fr. Marius J. Zerafa in his book
2558:. The art historical world is not united over the attribution of the work, with the art dealer who sold the work promoting its authenticity with the support of art historians who were given privileged access to the work, while other art historians remain unconvinced mainly based on stylistic and quality considerations. Some art historians believe it may be a work by
327:. He made the technique a dominant stylistic element, transfixing subjects in bright shafts of light and darkening shadows. Caravaggio vividly expressed crucial moments and scenes, often featuring violent struggles, torture, and death. He worked rapidly with live models, preferring to forgo drawings and work directly onto the canvas. His inspiring effect on the new
1838:; and according to Catherine Puglisi, 'Lena' may have been the same person as the courtesan Maddalena di Paolo Antognetti, who named Caravaggio as an "intimate friend" by her own testimony in 1604. Caravaggio was also rumored to be madly in love with Fillide Melandroni, a well known Roman prostitute who modeled for him in several important paintings.
2036:, and Maddalena Antognetti (the "Lena" mentioned in court documents of the "artichoke" case as Caravaggio's concubine), all well-known prostitutes, who appear as female religious figures including the Virgin and various saints. Caravaggio himself appears in several paintings, his final self-portrait being as the witness on the far right to the
617:, his first composition with more than one figure, shows a boy, likely Minniti, having his palm read by a Romani girl, who is stealthily removing his ring as she strokes his hand. The theme was quite new for Rome and proved immensely influential over the next century and beyond. However, at the time, Caravaggio sold it for practically nothing.
1936:. Intended as an attack on his hated enemy, Caravaggio, it shows a winged male youth with an arrow, most likely a representation of Eros, the god associated with Aphrodite and sexual (i.e., profane) love, on one side, a devil with Caravaggio's face on the other, and between an angel representing pure, meaning non-erotic or sacred, love.
2550:, who had shared a studio with Caravaggio in Naples. The French government imposed an export ban on the newly discovered painting while tests were carried out to establish whether it was an authentic painting by Caravaggio. In February 2019 it was announced that the painting would be sold at auction after the
2581:. It had been listed as "Ecce-Hommo con dos saiones de Carabaggio" before the attribution was later lost or changed to the circle of Ribera. Stylistic evidence, as well as the similarity of the models to those in other Caravaggio works, has convinced some experts that the painting is the original Caravaggio '
1158:), showed the Virgin not dead, as Caravaggio had painted her, but seated and dying; and even this was rejected, and replaced with a work showing the Virgin not dying, but ascending into Heaven with choirs of angels. In any case, the rejection did not mean that Caravaggio or his paintings were out of favour.
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There was a fussiness to the tone whenever a scholar or curator was forced to grapple with transgressive sexuality, and you can still find it even in relatively recent histories, including Andrew Graham-Dixon's 2010 biography of
Caravaggio, which acknowledges only that "he likely slept with men". The
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Caravaggio displayed bizarre behaviour from very early in his career. Mancini describes him as "extremely crazy", a letter from Del Monte notes his strangeness, and
Minniti's 1724 biographer says that Mario left Caravaggio because of his behaviour. The strangeness seems to have increased after Malta.
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In 1605, Caravaggio was forced to flee to Genoa for three weeks after seriously injuring
Mariano Pasqualone di Accumoli, a notary, in a dispute over Lena, Caravaggio's model and lover. The notary reported having been attacked on 29 July with a sword, causing a severe head injury. Caravaggio's patrons
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painting, but the latter incorporated the drama of his chiaroscuro without the psychological realism. The style evolved and fashions changed, and
Caravaggio fell out of favour. In the 20th century, interest in his work revived, and his importance to the development of Western art was reevaluated. The
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Costanza's brother
Ascanio was Cardinal-Protector of the Kingdom of Naples; another brother, Marzio, was an advisor to the Spanish Viceroy; and a sister was married into the important Neapolitan Carafa family. Caravaggio stayed in Costanza's palazzo on his return to Naples in 1609. These connections
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against
Caravaggio. Such accusations were damaging and dangerous as sodomy was a capital crime at the time. Even though the authorities were unlikely to investigate such a well-connected person as Caravaggio, "Once an artist had been smeared as a pederast, his work was smeared too." Francesco Susino
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Caravaggio's remains were buried in Porto Ercole's San
Sebastiano cemetery, which closed in 1956, and then moved to St. Erasmus cemetery, where, in 2010, archaeologists conducted a year-long investigation of remains found in three crypts and after using DNA, carbon dating, and other methods, believe
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On 29 May 1606, Caravaggio killed a young man, possibly unintentionally, resulting in his fleeing Rome with a death sentence hanging over him. Ranuccio Tomassoni was a gangster from a wealthy family. The two had argued many times, often ending in blows. The circumstances are unclear, whether a brawl
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after remaining unrecognized for two centuries. For the most part, each new painting increased his fame, but a few were rejected by the various bodies for whom they were intended, at least in their original forms, and had to be re-painted or find new buyers. The essence of the problem was that while
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before moving to Rome when he was in his twenties. He developed a considerable name as an artist and as a violent, touchy and provocative man. He killed Ranuccio Tommasoni in a brawl, which led to a death sentence for murder and forced him to flee to Naples. There he again established himself as one
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Mancini: "Thus one can understand how badly some modern artists paint, such as those who, wishing to portray the Virgin Our Lady, depict some dirty prostitute from the Ortaccio, as Michelangelo da Caravaggio did in the Death of the Virgin in that painting for the Madonna della Scala, which for that
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travelled in the first decades of the 17th century to Rome. Here they became profoundly influenced by the work of Caravaggio and his followers. On their return to Utrecht, their Caravaggesque works inspired a short-lived but influential flowering of artworks inspired indirectly in style and subject
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in Caravaggio's works as a way to better understand the man. Caravaggio never married and had no known children, and Howard Hibbard observed the absence of erotic female figures in the artist's oeuvre: "In his entire career he did not paint a single female nude", and the cabinet-pieces from the Del
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south of Rome and then on to Naples, where Costanza Colonna Sforza, widow of Francesco Sforza, in whose husband's household Caravaggio's father had held a position, maintained a palace. In Naples, outside the jurisdiction of the Roman authorities and protected by the Colonna family, the most famous
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An early published notice on Caravaggio, dating from 1604 and describing his lifestyle three years previously, recounts that "after a fortnight's work he will swagger about for a month or two with a sword at his side and a servant following him, from one ball-court to the next, ever ready to engage
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Both versions of the painting show in a demonstrative gesture how the doubting apostle puts his finger into Christ's side wound, the latter guiding his hand. The unbeliever is depicted like a peasant, dressed in a robe torn at the shoulder and with dirt under his fingernails. The composition of the
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at the moment when she has turned from her life as a courtesan and sits weeping on the floor, her jewels scattered around her. "It seemed not a religious painting at all ... a girl sitting on a low wooden stool drying her hair ... Where was the repentance ... suffering ... promise of salvation?" It
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He worked at great speed, from live models, scoring basic guides directly onto the canvas with the end of the brush handle; very few of Caravaggio's drawings appear to have survived, and it is likely that he preferred to work directly on the canvas, an unusual approach at the time. His models were
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News from Rome encouraged Caravaggio, and in the summer of 1610, he took a boat northwards to receive the pardon, which seemed imminent thanks to his powerful Roman friends. With him were three last paintings, the gifts for Cardinal Scipione. What happened next is the subject of much confusion and
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with his patron Cardinal Del Monte, Caravaggio beat nobleman Girolamo Stampa da Montepulciano, a guest of the cardinal, with a club, resulting in an official complaint to the police. Episodes of brawling, violence, and tumult grew more and more frequent. Caravaggio was often arrested and jailed at
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After only nine months in Sicily, Caravaggio returned to Naples in the late summer of 1609. According to his earliest biographer, he was being pursued by enemies while in Sicily and felt it safest to place himself under the protection of the Colonnas until he could secure his pardon from the pope
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of 1983, the Caravaggio scholar Alfred Moir wrote, "The forty-eight color plates in this book include almost all of the surviving works accepted by every Caravaggio expert as autograph, and even the least demanding would add fewer than a dozen more", but there have been some generally accepted
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A lot has been made of Caravaggio's presumed homosexuality, which has in more than one previous account of his life been presented as the single key that explains everything, both the power of his art and the misfortunes of his life. There is no absolute proof of it, only strong circumstantial
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missed one of Jesus' appearances to the apostles after his resurrection and said, "Unless I see the marks of the nails in his hands, and put my finger where the nails were, and put my hand into his side, I will not believe it." A week later, Jesus appeared and told Thomas to touch him and stop
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Caravaggio had a fever at the time of his death, and what killed him was a matter of controversy and rumour at the time and has been a matter of historical debate and study since. Contemporary rumors held that either the Tomassoni family or the Knights had him killed in revenge. Traditionally
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Already evident was the intense realism or naturalism for which Caravaggio is now famous. He preferred to paint his subjects as the eye sees them, with all their natural flaws and defects, instead of as idealised creations. This allowed a full display of his virtuosic talents. This shift from
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For an outline of the Counter-Reformation Church's policy on decorum in art, see Giorgi, p.80. For a more detailed discussion, see Gash, p.8ff; and for a discussion of the part played by notions of decorum in the rejection of "St Matthew and the Angel" and "Death of the Virgin", see Puglisi,
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Because of the excessive ardour of his spirit Michelangelo was a little wild and he sometimes looked for the chance to break his neck or to risk the lives of others. People as quarrelsome as he were often to be found in his company: and having, in the end, confronted Ranuccio Tomassoni, a
1150:, another contemporary, tells that it was due to Mary's bare legs—a matter of decorum in either case. Caravaggio scholar John Gash suggests that the problem for the Carmelites may have been theological rather than aesthetic, in that Caravaggio's version fails to assert the doctrine of the
3945:. The sword-blade carries an abbreviated inscription that has been interpreted as meaning Humility Conquers Pride. Attributed to a date in Caravaggio's late Roman period by Bellori, the recent tendency is to see it as a product of Caravaggio's second Neapolitan period. (See Gash, p.125).
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Sanctae Matris Nostrae catholicae ecclesiae dogmatum et morum ex selectis veterum patrum operibus veritas demonstrata seu Veterum patrum theologia vniuersa tribus partibus constans quarum prima agit de Ecclesiasticis dogmatibus, secunda de Sacramentis, tertia de Moribus. Tomus primus :
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in Naples to Cardinal Scipione Borghese in Rome, dated 29 July 1610, informs the Cardinal that the Marchesa of Caravaggio is holding two John the Baptists and a Magdalene that were intended for Borghese. These were presumably the price of Caravaggio's pardon from Borghese's uncle, the
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Vatican documents released in 2002 support the theory that the wealthy Tomassoni family had him hunted down and killed as a vendetta for Caravaggio's murder of gangster Ranuccio Tomassoni, in a botched attempt at castration after a duel over the affections of model Fillide Melandroni.
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was very controversial at the time. Caravaggio also dispensed with the lengthy preparations for a painting that were traditional in central Italy at the time. Instead, he preferred the Venetian practice of working in oils directly from the subject—half-length figures and still life.
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In October 1609, he was involved in a violent clash, an attempt on his life, perhaps ambushed by men in the pay of the knight he had wounded in Malta or some other faction of the Order. His face was seriously disfigured and rumours circulated in Rome that he was dead. He painted a
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Caravaggio's patrons had hitherto been able to shield him from any serious consequences of his frequent duels and brawling, but Tomassoni's wealthy family was outraged by his death and demanded justice. Caravaggio's patrons were unable to protect him. Caravaggio was sentenced to
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Bellori. The passage continues: " outdid each other in copying him, undressing their models and raising their lights; and rather than setting out to learn from study and instruction, each readily found in the streets or squares of Rome both masters and models for copying
1894:" ("and their women changed their natural habit to that which is against nature"). The phrase, according to Mirabeau, entered Caravaggio's thoughts, and he claimed that such an "abomination" could be witnessed through a particular painting housed at the Museum of the
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Yet, by late August 1608, he was arrested and imprisoned, likely the result of yet another brawl, this time with an aristocratic knight, during which the door of a house was battered down and the knight seriously wounded. Caravaggio was imprisoned by the Knights at
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Baglione: "For the Madonna della Scala in Trastevere he painted the death of the Madonna, but because he had portrayed the Madonna with little decorum, swollen and with bare legs, it was taken away, and the Duke of Mantua bought it and placed it in his most noble
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in 2014. In April 2016 the expert and art dealer to whom the work was shown announced that this was a long-lost painting by the hand of Caravaggio himself. That lost Caravaggio painting was only known up to that date by a presumed copy of it by the Flemish painter
1787:—paints used at the time contained high amounts of lead salts, and Caravaggio is known to have indulged in violent behavior, as caused by lead poisoning. Later research concluded he died as the result of a wound sustained in a brawl in Naples, specifically from
435:. In 1576 the family moved to Caravaggio to escape a plague that ravaged Milan, and Caravaggio's father and grandfather both died there on the same day in 1577. It is assumed that the artist grew up in Caravaggio, but his family kept up connections with the
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said that he had died of fever on his way from Naples to Rome. A poet friend of the artist later gave 18 July as the date of death, and a recent researcher claims to have discovered a death notice showing that the artist died on that day of a fever in
736:. These works, while viewed by a comparatively limited circle, increased Caravaggio's fame with both connoisseurs and his fellow artists. But a true reputation would depend on public commissions, for which it was necessary to look to the Church.
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well-mannered young man, over some disagreement about a tennis match they challenged one another to a duel. After Ranuccio fell to the ground, Michelangelo struck him with the point of his sword and, having wounded him in the thigh, killed him.
2146:. Baglione's Caravaggio phase was short-lived; Caravaggio later accused him of plagiarism and the two were involved in a long feud. Baglione went on to write the first biography of Caravaggio. In the next generation of Caravaggisti, there were
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in 1603. Baglione accused Caravaggio and his friends of writing and distributing scurrilous doggerel attacking him; the pamphlets, according to Baglione's friend and witness Mao Salini, had been distributed by a certain Giovanni Battista, a
847:, Rome. Without recourse to flying angels, parting clouds or other artifice, Caravaggio portrays the instant conversion of St. Matthew, the moment on which his destiny will turn, by means of a beam of light and the pointing finger of Jesus.
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are treated in most biographies and studies—see, for example, Catherine Puglisi, "Caravaggio", p.258, for a brief outline. Helen Langdon, "Caravaggio: A Life", ch.12 and 15, and Peter Robb, "M", pp.398ff and 459ff, give a fuller account.
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Caravaggio's innovations inspired the Baroque, but the Baroque took the drama of his chiaroscuro without the psychological realism. While he directly influenced the style of the artists mentioned above, and, at a distance, the Frenchmen
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The installation of the St. Matthew paintings in the Contarelli Chapel had an immediate impact among the younger artists in Rome, and Caravaggism became the cutting edge for every ambitious young painter. The first Caravaggisti included
1187:, a member of del Monte's circle. The model was named in a memoir of the early 17th century as "Cecco", the diminutive for Francesco. He is possibly Francesco Boneri, identified with an artist active in the period 1610–1625 and known as
3074:, 1672: "Michele was forced by necessity to enter the services of Cavalier Giuseppe d'Arpino, by whom he was employed to paint flowers and fruits so realistically that they began to attain the higher beauty that we love so much today."
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In 2013, a touring Caravaggio exhibition called "Burst of Light: Caravaggio and His Legacy" opened in the Wadsworth Atheneum Museum of Art in Hartford, Connecticut. The show included five paintings by the master artist that included
2577:, which placed a preemptive export ban on the painting. The 111 centimetres (44 in) by 86 centimetres (34 in) painting has been in the Pérez de Castro family since 1823, when it was exchanged for another work from the
1910:) are intertwined in embrace and presented in unbridled composition. Mirabeau notes the affectionate nature of Caravaggio's depiction reflects the voluptuous glow of the artist's sexuality. By the late nineteenth century, Sir
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until his death. His paintings have been characterized by art critics as combining a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, which had a formative influence on
2231:). Although some of this interest in Caravaggio is reflected in his drawings during his Italian residence, it was only after his return to Antwerp in 1608 that Rubens' works show openly Caravaggesque traits such as in the
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depicts the recognition of Christ by his disciples: a moment before he is a fellow traveller, mourning the passing of the Messiah, as he never ceases to be to the innkeeper's eyes; the second after, he is the Saviour. In
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While Gianni Papi's identification of Cecco del Caravaggio as Francesco Boneri is widely accepted, the evidence connecting Boneri to Caravaggio's servant and model in the early 17th century is circumstantial. See Robb,
2204:. The Caravaggisti movement there ended with a terrible outbreak of plague in 1656, but the Spanish connection—Naples was a possession of Spain—was instrumental in forming the important Spanish branch of his influence.
1045:"—in art history formally known as "The Incredulity of Saint Thomas"—which has been frequently depicted and used to make various theological statements in Christian art since at least the 5th century. According to the
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Quoted without attribution in Robb, p.35, apparently based on the three primary sources, Mancini, Baglione and Bellori, all of whom depict Caravaggio's early Roman years as a period of extreme poverty (see references
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Monte period are replete with "full-lipped, languorous boys ... who seem to solicit the onlooker with their offers of fruit, wine, flowers—and themselves" suggesting an erotic interest in the male form. The model of
1720:, showing the young David with a strangely sorrowful expression gazing at the severed head of the giant, which is again Caravaggio. This painting he may have sent to his patron, the unscrupulous art-loving Cardinal
1191:('Caravaggio's Cecco'), carrying a bow and arrows and trampling symbols of the warlike and peaceful arts and sciences underfoot. He is unclothed, and it is difficult to accept this grinning urchin as the Roman god
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Caravaggio went on to secure a string of prestigious commissions for religious works featuring violent struggles, grotesque decapitations, torture, and death. Most notable and technically masterful among them were
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for murder, and an open bounty was decreed, enabling anyone who recognized him to carry out the sentence legally. Caravaggio's paintings began, obsessively, to depict severed heads, often his own, at this time.
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A connection with a certain Lena is mentioned in a 1605 court deposition by Pasqualone, where she is described as "Michelangelo's girl". According to G. B. Passeri, this 'Lena' was Caravaggio's model for the
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Caravaggio led a tumultuous life. He was notorious for brawling, even in a time and place when such behavior was commonplace, and the transcripts of his police records and trial proceedings fill many pages.
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Robb, p. 79. Robb is drawing on Bellori, who praises Caravaggio's "true" colours but finds the naturalism offensive: "He (Caravaggio) was satisfied with invention of nature without further exercising his
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was likely one of the first Flemish artists to be influenced by Caravaggio whose work he got to know during his stay in Rome in 1601. He later painted a copy (or rather an interpretation) of Caravaggio's
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was so impressed at having the famous artist as official painter to the Order that he inducted him as a Knight, and the early biographer Bellori records that the artist was well pleased with his success.
2028:, both fellow artists, Minniti appearing as various figures in the early secular works, the young Boneri as a succession of angels, Baptists and Davids in the later canvasses. His female models include
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Between May and October 1604, Caravaggio was arrested several times for possession of illegal weapons and for insulting the city guards. He was also sued by a tavern waiter for having thrown a plate of
3941:, "his little Caravaggio". This phrase is obscure, but it has been interpreted as meaning either that the boy is a youthful self-portrait or, more commonly, that this is the Cecco who modeled for the
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dairy. Some scholars have argued that Caravaggio was actually attacked and killed by the same "enemies" that had been pursuing him since he fled Malta, possibly Wignacourt or factions of the Knights.
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It should also be noted that in the ecclesiastical version of the unbelieving Thomas, Christ's thigh is shown to be covered, whereas in the secular version of the painting, Christ's thigh is visible.
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Bellori claims that around 1590–1592, Caravaggio, already well known for brawling with gangs of young men, committed a murder which forced him to flee from Milan, first to Venice and then to Rome.
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In Rome, there was a demand for paintings to fill the many huge new churches and palaces being built at the time. It was also a period when the Church was searching for a stylistic alternative to
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had turned down the opportunity to purchase it for €100 million. After an auction was considered, the painting was finally sold in a private sale to the American billionaire hedge fund manager
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dating to about 1600 had been discovered in a private collection in Britain. Called a "significant discovery", the painting had never been published and is thought to have been commissioned by
1293:
Upon his return to Rome, Caravaggio was sued by his landlady Prudenzia Bruni for not having paid his rent. Out of spite, Caravaggio threw rocks through her window at night and was sued again.
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Much of the documentary evidence for Caravaggio's life in Rome comes from court records; the "artichoke" case refers to an occasion when the artist threw a dish of hot artichokes at a waiter.
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Masculi, relicto naturali usu faeminae, exarserunt in desideriis suis in invicem, masculi in masculos turpitudinem operantes, et mercedem quam oportuit erroris sui in semetipsis recipientes.
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1981:
author notes the artist's fluid sexual desires but gives some of Caravaggio's most explicitly homoerotic paintings tortured readings to keep them safely in the category of mere "ambiguity".
1142:, commissioned in 1601 by a wealthy jurist for his private chapel in the new Carmelite church of Santa Maria della Scala, was rejected by the Carmelites in 1606. Caravaggio's contemporary
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led by the Carracci. Baglione, his first biographer, played a considerable part in creating the legend of Caravaggio's unstable and violent character, as well as his inability to draw.
1448:. Alessandro Giardino has also established the connection between the iconography of "The Seven Works of Mercy" and the cultural, scientific and philosophical circles of the painting's
1154:, the idea that the Mother of God did not die in any ordinary sense but was assumed into Heaven. The replacement altarpiece commissioned (from one of Caravaggio's most able followers,
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The senior Knights of the Order convened on 1 December 1608 and, after verifying that the accused had failed to appear, although summoned four times, voted unanimously to expel their
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932:, was accepted, it featured the saint's horse's haunches far more prominently than the saint himself, prompting this exchange between the artist and an exasperated official of
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in Rome's Borghese Gallery. Previous artists had included self-portraits as onlookers to the action, but Caravaggio's innovation was to include himself as a participant.
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was also stylistically close to Caravaggio and one of the most gifted of the movement. However, in Rome and Italy, it was not Caravaggio, but the influence of his rival
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game, a sort of tennis, and this explanation has become established in the popular imagination. Other rumors, however, claimed that the duel stemmed from jealousy over
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Catherine Puglisi, "Caravaggio", p. 79. Longhi was with Caravaggio on the night of the fatal brawl with Tomassoni; Robb, "M", p.341, believes that Minniti was as well.
1949:, or boy prostitute, shared by Caravaggio and his friend Onorio Longhi. Caravaggio denied knowing any young boy of that name, and the allegation was not followed up.
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Caravaggio's mother had to raise all of her five children in poverty. She died in 1584, the same year he began his four-year apprenticeship to the Milanese painter
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3220:. For the details of the discovery, see this essay by eye-witness Noel Barber (superior of the Jesuit community in Dublin in which the painting was rediscovered.)
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strikes her in the breast, unlike earlier paintings that had all the immobility of the posed models. The brushwork was also much freer and more impressionistic.
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is widely considered "one of the most important works in Western painting." Completed in 1608, the painting had been commissioned by the Knights of Malta as an
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is one of the most famous paintings by Caravaggio, circa 1601–1602. There are two autograph versions of the painting, the ecclesiastical "Trieste" version for
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Caravaggio left Cesari, determined to make his own way after a heated argument. At this point he forged some extremely important friendships, with the painter
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Caravaggio's work has been widely influential in late-20th-century American gay culture, with frequent references to male sexual imagery in paintings such as
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task force with the specific aim of re-acquiring lost and stolen artworks. Since the creation of this task force, many leads have been followed regarding the
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for writing offensive poems about him. The French ambassador intervened, and Caravaggio was transferred to house arrest after a month in jail in Tor di Nona.
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Descrizzione Completa di Tutto Ciò che Ritrovasi nella Galleria di Sua Altezza Giuseppe Wenceslao del S.R.I. Principe Regnante della Casa di Lichtenstein
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1559:, but he managed to escape. By December, he had been expelled from the Order "as a foul and rotten member", a formal phrase used in all such cases.
634:, one of the leading connoisseurs in Rome. For del Monte and his wealthy art-loving circle, Caravaggio executed a number of intimate chamber-pieces—
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identified the painting as Caravaggio's painting of St. Rosario. Burton also identifies both St. Rosario and this painting with the practices of
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Floris Claes van Dijk, a contemporary of Caravaggio in Rome in 1601, quoted in John Gash, "Caravaggio", p. 13. The quotation originates in
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2158:. Gentileschi, despite being considerably older, was the only one of these artists to live much beyond 1620 and ended up as a court painter to
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Caravaggio's first paintings on religious themes returned to realism and the emergence of remarkable spirituality. The first of these was the
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1105:. The history of these last two paintings illustrates the reception given to some of Caravaggio's art and the times in which he lived. The
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shows through on the faces and armour even in the absence of a visible shaft of light. The figure on the extreme right is a self-portrait.
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3203:. Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts: McMullen Museum of Art, Boston College; Distributed by the University of Chicago Press. pp. 11–13.
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2505:, though black and white photographs of the work exist. In June 2011 it was announced that a previously unknown Caravaggio painting of
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and measuring 370 by 520 centimetres (145 in × 205 in) was the largest altarpiece Caravaggio painted. It still hangs in
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as a set of compassionate acts concerning the material needs of others. The painting was made for and is still housed in the church of
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with a high degree of confidence that they have identified those of Caravaggio. Initial tests suggested Caravaggio might have died of
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doubting. Then Jesus said, "Because you have seen me, you have believed; blessed are those who have not seen and yet have believed."
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was understated, in the Lombard manner, not histrionic in the Roman manner of the time. It was followed by others in the same style:
5391:, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York (1885), p. 241 (available at the Harvard's Fogg Museum Library and scanned on Google Books)
1922:. The survival status and location of Caravaggio's painting is unknown. No such painting appears in his or his school's catalogues.
1606:. In Syracuse and Messina Caravaggio continued to win prestigious and well-paid commissions. Among other works from this period are
454:. Caravaggio appears to have stayed in the Milan-Caravaggio area after his apprenticeship ended, but it is possible that he visited
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Le Vite de' Pittori, Scultori et Architetti. Dal Pontificato di Gregorio XII del 1572 in fino a' tempi di Papa Urbano VIII nel 1642
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Drancourt, Michel; Barbieri, Rémi; Cilli, Elisabetta; Gruppioni, Giorgio; Bazaj, Alda; Cornaglia, Giuseppe (17 September 2018).
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The whereabouts of the painting are still unknown. A reproduction currently hangs in its place in the Oratory of San Lorenzo.
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art critic Philip Kennicott has taken issue with what he regarded as Graham-Dixon's minimizing of Caravaggio's homosexuality:
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2303:. In the following generation of Dutch artists the effects of Caravaggio, although attenuated, are to be seen in the work of
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matter by the works of Caravaggio and the Italian followers of Caravaggio. This style of painting was later referred to as
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In November, Caravaggio was hospitalized for an injury which he claimed he had caused himself by falling on his own sword.
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picture is designed in such a way that the viewer is directly involved in the event and feels the intensity of the event.
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later accused him of imitating, and Titian. He would also have become familiar with the art treasures of Milan, including
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According to a 17th-century writer, the painting of the head of Goliath is a self-portrait of the artist, while David is
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Confirmed by the finding in February 2007 of his baptism certificate from the Milanese parish of Santo Stefano in Brolo.
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1737:(private newsletter) from Rome to the ducal court of Urbino reported that Caravaggio was dead. Three days later, another
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Caravaggio "pictor praestantissimus" : l'iter artistico di uno dei massimi rivoluzionari dell'arte di tutti i tempi
1351:. A theory relating the death to Renaissance notions of honour and symbolic wounding has been advanced by art historian
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ex-brother. Caravaggio was expelled, not for his crime, but for having left Malta without permission (i.e., escaping).
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Caravaggio had a noteworthy ability to express in one scene of unsurpassed vividness the passing of a crucial moment.
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The transcript of the trial is given in Walter Friedlander, "Caravaggio Studies" (Princeton, 1955, revised edn. 1969)
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Sciberras, Keith (April 2002). "Frater Michael Angelus in tumultu: the cause of Caravaggio's imprisonment in Malta".
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Harris, Ann Sutherland, Seventeenth-century Art & Architecture (Upper Saddle River: Pearson/Prentice Hall, 2008).
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The Most Valuable & Expensive Works of Art in the World, 275 Masterpieces from the Middle Ages to the Present
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writes of a "picture of St. Rosario (in the museum of the Grand Duke of Tuscany), showing a circle of thirty men
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very reason those good fathers rejected it, and perhaps that poor man suffered so much trouble in his lifetime."
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There is disagreement as to the size of Caravaggio's oeuvre, with counts as low as 40 and as high as 80. In his
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records that it was rejected because Caravaggio had used a well-known prostitute as his model for the Virgin.
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Drancourt, M., Barbieri, R., Cilli, E., Gruppioni, G., Bazaj, A., Cornaglia, G., & Raoult, D. (2018). "
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100,000-lire banknote in the 1980s and '90s (before Italy switched to the euro), with the back showing his
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1551:, for which it was commissioned and where Caravaggio himself was inducted and briefly served as a knight.
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3700:"Caravaggio's Rap Sheet Reveals Him to Have Been a Lawless Sword-Obsessed Wildman, and a Terrible Renter"
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detail and was closer to the naturalism of Germany than to the stylised formality and grandeur of Roman
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2721:(1589). The whole travelled to France and also to Los Angeles, California. Other Baroque artists like
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Thus his reputation was doubly vulnerable to the unsympathetic critiques of his earliest biographers,
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Caravaggio's dramatic intensity was appreciated, his realism was seen by some as unacceptably vulgar.
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Baglione says that Caravaggio in Naples had "given up all hope of revenge" against his unnamed enemy.
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1870:. Writing in 1783, Mirabeau contrasted the personal life of Caravaggio directly with the writings of
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3733:"Caravaggio's 'Seven Works of Mercy' in Naples. The relevance of art history to cultural journalism"
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was no sooner taken out of the church than it was purchased by the Duke of Mantua, on the advice of
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The Incredulity of Saint Thomas (Ecclesiastical Version, 1601), private collection, Florence, Italy
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Caravaggio's 'Seven Works of Mercy' in Naples. The relevance of art history to cultural journalism
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Caravaggio's brief stay in Naples produced a notable school of Neapolitan Caravaggisti, including
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In 1599, presumably through the influence of del Monte, Caravaggio was contracted to decorate the
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brought Caravaggio's name once more to the foreground and placed him in the European tradition: "
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Aside from the paintings, evidence also comes from the libel trial brought against Caravaggio by
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His connections with the Colonnas led to a stream of important church commissions, including the
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Roberta Lapucci's website and most of her publications on Caravaggio as freely downloadable PDF
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In April 2021 a minor work believed to be from the circle of a Spanish follower of Caravaggio,
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Zerafa, Fr. Marius J. (2004). Caravaggio Diaries. Grimand Company Limited. ISBN 99932-0-322-X.
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H. Waga "Vita nota e ignota dei virtuosi al Pantheon" Rome 1992, Appendix I, pp. 219 and 220ff
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2251:). However, the influence of Caravaggio on Rubens' work would be less important than that of
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1444:. Caravaggio combined all seven works of mercy in one composition, which became the church's
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1468:. Fabrizio Sforza Colonna, Costanza's son, was a Knight of Malta and general of the Order's
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977:, 1601 "Secular Version" (Sanssouci Palace, Potsdam), John the Baptist with the Ram, 1602 (
970:, "Ecclesiastical Version" (Private Collection, Florence), The Incredulity of Saint Thomas
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5655:"Isaac Laughing : Caravaggio, non-traditional imagery and traditional identification"
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4763:"Toulouse : où est passé le tableau de Caravage vendu 110 millions de dollars ?"
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is caught in a moment of highest action and drama, as the arrow fired by the king of the
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for most of his artistic life. During the final four years of his life, he moved between
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Il Caravaggio e la nova critica d'arte: un pittore criminale. Ricostruzione psicologica
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Despite his success in Naples, after only a few months in the city Caravaggio left for
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The murder of Rannucchio is also depicted. Caravaggio is portrayed by Daniele Rienzo.
2004:, 1601, oil on canvas, 139 cm × 195 cm (55 in × 77 in),
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Many rumors circulated at the time as to the cause of the fight. Several contemporary
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in 2008 and recovered in 2010, is believed by some experts to be a contemporary copy.
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and displayed at important mafia gatherings. Former mafia members have said that the
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Walter Friedlaender, Caravaggio Studies, Princeton: Princeton University Press 1955
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3157:"The earliest account of Caravaggio in Rome" Sandro Corradini and Maurizio Marini,
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on the ground?" "Because!" "Is the horse God?" "No, but he stands in God's light!"
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stated: "What begins in the work of Caravaggio is, quite simply, modern painting."
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4882:"The rediscovered Caravaggio: here is the truth about the owners of the Ecce Homo"
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2483:" ("lewdly banded"), which is not known to have survived. The rejected version of
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Baglione's painting of "Divine Love" has also been seen as a visual accusation of
1030:(Pietro Bellori), which later entered the Prussian Royal Collection, survived the
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that combined close physical observation with a dramatic, even theatrical, use of
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4862:"'Damn, this is a Caravaggio!': the inside story of an old master found in Spain"
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4949:"'Restitution of a lost beauty': Caravaggio Nativity replica brought to Palermo"
504:'s favourite artist, "painting flowers and fruit" in his factory-like workshop.
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5740:, "L'uomo Caravaggio" – Atto unico (pref. Stefania Macioce), AETAS, Roma 1995,
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Et fœminæ eorum immutaverunt naturalem usum in eum usum qui est contra naturam.
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Sciberras, Keith (July 2002). "Riflessioni su Malta al tempo del Caravaggio".
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1995:
1598:. Together they set off on what amounted to a triumphal tour from Syracuse to
1539:, as well as portraits of other leading Knights. According to Andrea Pomella,
1515:, his largest ever work, and the only painting to which he put his signature,
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Following the death of Tomassoni, Caravaggio fled first to the estates of the
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in a fight or an argument, so that it is most awkward to get along with him."
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was profound. His influence can be seen directly or indirectly in the work of
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London, Abrams, 1967. New edition: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1969 and 1986,
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5158:"Rule-breaker for the ages: why Caravaggio is our screen age's art superstar"
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Thorpe, Vanessa; Arts, Vanessa Thorpe; correspondent, media (20 April 2024).
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2383:, La Tour and Rembrandt could never have existed without him. And the art of
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2089:, but his hand, facing and recognising that of Christ, is alive. Other major
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where he met his old friend Mario Minniti, who was now married and living in
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Caravaggio was forced to flee Rome. He moved just south of the city, then to
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799:, is a characteristic work of this period demonstrating his virtuoso talent.
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581:
577:
5864:
5670:
5654:
5292:
Painters of reality : the legacy of Leonardo and Caravaggio in Lombardy
5033:
4909:"Baroque Painting Almost Sold for €1,500 May Be a Caravaggio Worth Millions"
4285:
Riccardo Bassani and Fiora Bellini, "Caravaggio assassino", 1994, pp.205–214
7160:
7094:
6872:
6803:
6731:
5928:
4953:
4866:
4841:"Possible Caravaggio Is Withdrawn From Auction; Spain Announces Export Ban"
4696:
4628:
4000:
2775:
2696:
2559:
2547:
2400:
2352:, a rival painter with a vendetta, and the influential 17th-century critic
2263:
and the Venetians. Flemish artists, who were influenced by Rubens, such as
2086:
1817:
Since the 1970s art scholars and historians have debated the inferences of
1743:
1680:
1318:
1305:
782:
352:
96:
3356:
6993:
6829:
5586:
5576:
2833:
2428:
Caravaggio's epitaph was composed by his friend Marzio Milesi. It reads:
2338:
2248:
2189:
2059:
2013:
1903:
1772:
1640:
1240:
856:
566:
520:
320:
5696:
with Catalogue of Paintings on CD-ROM, Abbeville Press, New York (2001)
4692:'Lost Caravaggio,' found in a French attic, causes rift in the art world
4165:"Red-blooded Caravaggio killed love rival in bungled castration attempt"
4108:"The mystery of Caravaggio's death solved at last – painting killed him"
3654:"Red-blooded Caravaggio killed love rival in bungled castration attempt"
3026:
Rosa Giorgi, ": Master of light and dark – his life in paintings", p.12.
2569:, was withdrawn from sale at the Madrid auction house Ansorena when the
1246:
After his release from jail in 1601, Caravaggio returned to paint first
530:
7193:
6867:
5981:
Caravaggio's paintings in the Contarelli Chapel, San Luigi dei Francesi
5886:
5685:
5642:, Duffy & Snellgrove, 2003 amended edition (original edition 1998)
4787:
4737:"'Toulouse Caravaggio' acquired in private deal prior to €100m auction"
4590:
1544:
1445:
1259:
937:
288:
172:
5899:
Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio WebMuseum, Paris webpage
4084:
802:
319:
Caravaggio employed close physical observation with a dramatic use of
7188:
6834:
4021:"Renaissance Master Caravaggio Didn't Die of Syphilis, but of Sepsis"
3845:
From heaven to Arcadia: the sacred and the profane in the Renaissance
2706:
2636:
2461:
2384:
2256:
1863:
1330:
1279:
1133:
prevailing over all human endeavors: war, music, science, government.
1035:
852:
524:
508:
481:
459:
348:
332:
324:
4667:"Painting thought to be Caravaggio masterpiece found in French loft"
4582:
2471:, was in 2006 authenticated and restored; it had been in storage in
2008:, London. Self-portrait of Caravaggio as the figure at the top left.
1116:
5710:, Pennsylvania State University Press (University Park, PA – 2006)
2542:
2356:, who had not known him but was under the influence of the earlier
1915:
1764:
1747:
1556:
1526:
1358:
118:
5212:"Netflix's 'Ripley' is full of Caravaggio references — here's why"
2628:
from its frame. Experts estimated its value at $ 20 million.
1866:
also received early speculation due to claims about the artist by
1850:, 1593–1594, oil on canvas, 67 cm × 53 cm (26
6824:
5815:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 2000–. (October 2003)
5809:"Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi) (1571–1610) and his Followers."
4653:
Un Caravage a-t-il été découvert dans un grenier en France ?
2891:"Caravaggio, Michelangelo Merisi da (Italian painter, 1571–1610)"
2615:
2597:
2388:
2380:
2361:
2304:
2283:
2260:
2252:
2094:
2090:
1871:
1768:
1751:
1603:
1599:
1023:
926:
was rejected, and while another version of the same subject, the
880:
436:
432:
371:
328:
5874:
4246:
4244:
4242:
6772:
3968:
2619:
2551:
2228:
2207:
2185:
1953:
1899:
1788:
1733:
1658:
1591:
1481:
1469:
1441:
1375:
1367:
1313:
1163:
1074:
884:
756:
585:
527:(the shift from light to dark with little intermediate value).
455:
451:
5360:, Art Dossier 1986, Giunti Editori (1986) (ISBN not available)
4930:"Spain: Work due for auction from $ 1,800 may be a Caravaggio"
4700:, Angelique Chrisafis, 12 April 2016. Retrieved 13 April 2016.
208:
6398:
Madonna of Loreto (Madonna dei Pellegrini, Pilgrims' Madonna)
6002:
5892:
5566:, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 1999 (original UK edition 1998)
4712:"'Lost Caravaggio' rejected by the Louvre may be worth £100m"
4484:
4477:
at the beginning of his career to the head of Goliath in the
4239:
2834:"Caravaggio - The Complete Works - caravaggio-foundation.org"
2403:, no other Italian painter exercised so great an influence."
2392:
1530:
1461:
1371:
1198:
1192:
1130:
424:
363:
255:
77:
5459:
Caravaggio: Master of light and dark – his life in paintings
5132:"As Seen on 'Ripley': The Brutal Art and Life of Caravaggio"
3555:
of 1604, translated in full in Howard Hibbard, "Caravaggio".
2364:, in preferring the "classical-idealistic" tradition of the
450:, described in the contract of apprenticeship as a pupil of
5115:
The film had its world premiere on October 18, 2022 at the
4172:
from the original on 4 June 2023 – via The Telegraph.
2923:"Biografía de Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi) (1571–1610)"
2498:
2098:
2020:
basic to his realism; some have been identified, including
1925:
1879:
1851:
1684:
1301:
296:
270:
264:
229:
226:
211:
4373:
Nineteenth-Century Writings on Homosexuality: A Sourcebook
258:
223:
5490:
The Lost Painting: The Quest for a Caravaggio Masterpiece
5007:
3361:. Caravaggio,?-1610 (4ª ed.). Roma: Newton Compton.
2589:, who will also be handling the future sale of the work.
1890:(and so on; short book title) contains the Latin phrase "
781:
accepted standard practice and the classical idealism of
423:
Caravaggio (Michelangelo Merisi or Amerighi) was born in
220:
4859:
4526:
Wikkkower, p. 266; also see criticism by fellow Italian
4176:
3316:
3314:
3312:
3201:
Saints & sinners: Caravaggio & the Baroque image
1731:
The bare facts seem to be that on 28 July, an anonymous
5155:
5034:"The World's Most Expensive Stolen Paintings – BBC Two"
4827:
La Judith de Toulouse, Le chef d'oeuvre de Louis Finson
4317:
4185:"Caravaggio in Ascendance: An Antihero's Time to Shine"
1041:
The painting depicts the episode that led to the term "
351:. Artists heavily under his influence were called the "
5605:
Giovanni Baglione: Artistic Reputation in Baroque Rome
4567:
Sohm, Philip (September 2002). "Caravaggio's Deaths".
4085:"Church bones 'belong to Caravaggio', researchers say"
431:, a town 35 km to the east of Milan and south of
5004:"Caravaggio's Nativity: Hunting a stolen masterpiece"
3309:
2869:"Italian Painter Michelangelo Amerighi da Caravaggio"
1888:
The Holy Mother Catholic Church teachings on morality
1170:
before entering the French royal collection in 1671.
959:
to the city palace he shared with his brother, 1601 (
205:
202:
6470:
Madonna and Child with Saint Anne (Dei Palafrenieri)
6318:
The Conversion of Saint Paul on the Road to Damascus
5238:
The main primary sources for Caravaggio's life are:
4502:
Gregori, Mina, Luigi Salerno, and Richard E. Spear,
4356:
A Plain and Literal Translation of "Arabian Nights."
3677:"Caravaggio's crimes exposed in Rome's police files"
3566:"CARAVAGGIO IN GENOA. HYPOTHESIS FOR AN INSPIRATION"
3072:
Le Vite de' pittori, scultori, et architetti moderni
2732:
In 2022 a new biopic about Caravaggio was released:
2395:
would have been utterly different". The influential
2310:
1258:. In 1603, he was arrested again, this time for the
487:
252:
217:
5433:, Yale University Press, 2010, ISB: 9780691147017,
5311:
Exporting Caravaggio: the Crucifixion of St. Andrew
5264:
Le Vite de' pittori, scultori et architetti moderni
5100:Landi, Ann (March 2013). "Art Talk: Dark Shadows".
4359:. Vol. 10. Press of The Carson-Harper Company.
4342:. Chevalier de Pierrugues. Chez tous les Libraries.
249:
214:
5727:, Penguin/Yale History of Art, 3rd edition, 1973,
5394:
5130:Article, Min Chen ShareShare This (9 April 2024).
4624:"Unknown Caravaggio painting unearthed in Britain"
4276:Catheine Puglisi, "Caravaggio" Phaidon 1998, p.199
4163:
3611:
1396:painter in Rome became the most famous in Naples.
4906:
4548:Roberto Longhi, quoted in Lambert, op. cit., p.15
2709:were responses to specific Caravaggio paintings.
1711:Salome with the Head of John the Baptist (Madrid)
1355:. Whatever the details, it was a serious matter.
1317:referred to a quarrel over a gambling debt and a
1290:intervened and managed to cover up the incident.
355:" (or "Caravagesques"), as well as tenebrists or
7216:
5613:, Vol. 85, No. 3 (Sep. 2003), pp. 608–611,
5363:
2745:Caravaggio was prominently featured as motif in
2174:and Lombard realism, that ultimately triumphed.
2093:artists would travel the same path, for example
658:—featuring Minniti and other adolescent models.
5865:Caravaggio's use of the Camera Obscura: Lapucci
2850:
1308:, but the killing may have been unintentional.
936:: "Why have you put a horse in the middle, and
879:, which were only rediscovered in the 1990s in
547:Known works from this period include the small
284:[mikeˈlandʒelomeˈriːzida(k)karaˈvaddʒo]
71:Michelangelo Merisi (or Amerighi) da Caravaggio
6672:Nativity with Saint Francis and Saint Lawrence
5543:Caravaggio – The Painter of Blood and Darkness
5061:Summers, Claude J., ed. (2004). "Caravaggio".
4884:. Italy 24 News. 23 April 2021. Archived from
4838:
4812:Discovery in a Toulouse attic is no Caravaggio
3810:
3808:
2941:
2307:and Rembrandt, neither of whom visited Italy.
1509:Major works from his Malta period include the
1381:
6788:
6018:
5860:Caravaggio's incisions by Ramon van de Werken
5652:
5274:and in the appendices to Catherine Puglisi's
5028:
5026:
5024:
4947:Kirchgaessner, Stephanie (10 December 2015).
4946:
4293:
4291:
3887:Sciberras' findings are summarised online at
3119:. London: Thames and Hudson. pp. 85–86.
1022:now in a private collection and the secular "
6183:Portrait of a Courtesan (Fillide Melandroni)
5401:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
5295:. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
5288:
5270:All have been reprinted in Howard Hibbard's
4979:. Fbi.gov. 17 September 2012. Archived from
4927:
4860:Tondo, Lorenzo; Jones, Sam (23 April 2021).
4018:
3254:Quoted without attribution in Lambert, p.66.
3045:
2911:Quoted in Gilles Lambert, "Caravaggio", p.8.
2699:made a critically applauded biopic entitled
6820:Artists in biographies by Giovanni Baglione
6595:Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt and his Page
5653:Rudolph, Conrad; Ostrow, Steven F. (2001).
5242:Giulio Mancini's comments on Caravaggio in
5056:
5054:
4557:Bernard Berenson, in Lambert, op. cit., p.8
4105:
3835:
3805:
3184:
2951:. parisartstudies.com. 2009. Archived from
1661:) and return to Rome. In Naples he painted
1536:Portrait of Alof de Wignacourt and his Page
287:; 29 September 1571 – 18 July 1610), known
6795:
6781:
6025:
6011:
5895:Analysis of 100 important Caravaggio works
5511:Seventeenth-century Art & Architecture
5398:A Caravaggio Rediscovered, The Lute Player
5021:
4288:
3590:
3193:"Preface: The Murder Behind the Discovery"
2659:was damaged and has since been destroyed.
2649:Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence
2625:Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence
2603:Nativity with St. Francis and St. Lawrence
2012:Caravaggio "put the oscuro (shadows) into
1199:Legal problems and flight from Rome (1606)
815:. The two works making up the commission,
49:
5750:
5209:
5063:The queer encyclopedia of the visual arts
4659:
4490:
4473:Caravaggio's self-portraits run from the
4182:
4014:
4012:
4010:
3990:
3876:
3868:
3848:. New York Review of Books. p. 163.
3748:
3270:
3268:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3260:
2809:
2610:In October 1969, two thieves entered the
1906:nature, in which a circle of thirty men (
1868:Honoré Gabriel Riqueti, comte de Mirabeau
1234:On 28 November 1600, while living at the
803:"Most famous painter in Rome" (1600–1606)
394:
6680:Salome with the Head of John the Baptist
6579:Salome with the Head of John the Baptist
5870:Some notes on Caravaggio – Patrick Swift
5769:
5725:Art and Architecture in Italy, 1600–1750
5051:
4651:Philippe Dagen et Emmanuelle Jardonnet,
4335:
4323:
3771:
3617:
3591:Liberatori, Ernesto (4 September 2015).
3389:
2715:Saint John the Baptist in the Wilderness
2596:
2541:was allegedly discovered in an attic in
2515:
2436:He was commemorated on the front of the
2410:
2314:
2176:
2114:
2044:
1994:
1924:
1840:
1806:
1763:historians have long thought he died of
1689:
1646:Salome with the Head of John the Baptist
1639:
1566:
1491:
1398:
1357:
1337:Good modern accounts are to be found in
1266:, who sued Caravaggio and his followers
1202:
1115:
1063:
1004:
890:
829:
762:
738:
660:
594:
529:
515:. Caravaggio's innovation was a radical
398:
6611:The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist
5936:Caravaggio's Crucifixion of Saint Peter
5835:Deconstructing Caravaggio and Velázquez
5129:
5060:
4621:
3841:
3814:
3697:
3320:
3114:
2992:
1990:
1541:The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist
14:
7217:
6390:The Calling of Saints Peter and Andrew
5819:FBI Art Theft Notice for Caravaggio's
5801:
5087:"Revisiting Derek Jarman's Caravaggio"
4603:Inscriptiones et Elogia (Cod.Vat.7927)
4352:
4161:
4007:
3730:
3674:
3651:
3354:
3274:
3257:
3190:
2738:, an Italian-French movie directed by
2468:The Calling of Saints Peter and Andrew
1728:conjecture, shrouded in much mystery.
1602:and, maybe, on to the island capital,
1173:One secular piece from these years is
6776:
6006:
5917:Caravaggio's Calling of Saint Matthew
5841:Interview with Peter Robb, author of
5476:Caravaggio: A Life Sacred and Profane
5099:
5001:
4709:
4407:Caravaggio: A life sacred and profane
4369:
4299:Caravaggio: A life sacred and profane
4252:Caravaggio: A life sacred and profane
3409:. Fürstenweg Verlag. pp. 71–78.
3050:. Royal Academy of Arts. p. 21.
2810:Carminati, Marco (25 February 2007).
492:Following his initial training under
282:
5966:Caravaggio's Narcissus at the Source
5529:The Complete Paintings of Caravaggio
5389:Cyclopedia of Painters and Paintings
5281:
5104:. New York: ARTneww LLC. p. 38.
5079:
5002:Sooke, Alastair (23 December 2013).
4566:
4509:
3449:
3327:. ATS Italia Editrice. p. 106.
3324:Caravaggio: an artist through images
2786:Paintings from the Contarelli chapel
1034:unscathed, and can be viewed in the
963:), The Incredulity of Saint Thomas,
681:, Saint Petersburg (commissioned by
511:in religious art that was tasked to
5796:Caravaggio, The Prince of the Night
5591:The Italian Followers of Caravaggio
5513:, Laurence King Publishing (2004),
5387:and Charles Callahan Perkins, Ed.,
5210:Connellan, Shannon (9 April 2024).
4907:Davis-Marks, Isis (13 April 2021).
4815:in: The Art Newspaper, 3 April 2019
4183:Kimmelman, Michael (9 March 2010).
3821:. Marshall Cavendish. p. 194.
3594:Luci e Ombre su Michelangelo Merisi
2857:(in Italian). Trattner. p. 21.
2803:
2513:, a patron of the painter in Rome.
2110:
1635:
1512:Beheading of Saint John the Baptist
991:, Dublin) Caravaggio commissioned.
652:, and an allegorical but realistic
513:counter the threat of Protestantism
362:Caravaggio trained as a painter in
295:, was an Italian painter active in
24:
6840:Paintings attributed to Caravaggio
6722:Paintings attributed to Caravaggio
6127:Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy
5775:(in Latin). Florence. p. 270.
5770:Bouchard, Giovanni Angelo (1791).
5593:, Harvard University Press (1967)
5370:(in Italian). Torino: G. Einaudi.
5233:
4506:, Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1985
4019:Laura Geggel (28 September 2018).
3698:Watkins, Ally (24 February 2011).
3675:Willey, David (18 February 2011).
2705:in 1986. Several poems written by
2678:
2282:A number of Catholic artists from
727:Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy
601:Saint Francis of Assisi in Ecstasy
370:Caravaggio's innovations inspired
25:
7296:
6815:Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio
5855:Caravaggio and the Camera Obscura
5813:Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
5784:
5753:Caravaggio: Paintings in Close Up
5334:Church, Communication and Culture
4162:Milner, Catherine (1 June 2002).
4144:, 18(11), 1178; 1 November 2018,
3737:Church, Communication and Culture
3652:Milner, Catherine (2 June 2002).
3456:. Chaucer Press. pp. 17–18.
3404:
2871:. Gettyimages.it. 24 October 2003
2522:Conversion on the Way to Damascus
2456:Chronology of works by Caravaggio
2311:Death and rebirth of a reputation
1882:" excessively practice sodomy or
1093:("Madonna of the Pilgrims"), the
953:Francesco Maria Bourbon Del Monte
929:Conversion on the Way to Damascus
488:Beginnings in Rome (1592/95–1600)
186:Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio
6911:
6802:
6738:Caravaggio, il pittore maledetto
6603:Portrait of Fra Antonio Martelli
6350:The Inspiration of Saint Matthew
5951:Caravaggio's Death of the Virgin
5545:, Gunther Edition, (Rome – 2004)
5203:
5149:
5123:
5108:
5093:
4995:
4969:
4940:
4921:
4900:
4874:
4853:
4832:
4818:
4803:
4781:
4755:
4729:
4710:Brown, Mark (28 February 2019).
4703:
4685:
4353:Burton, Richard Francis (1900).
2925:. Italica.rai.it. Archived from
2217:and recommended his patron, the
1679:. His style continued to evolve—
951:, who was friends with Cardinal
917:The Inspiration of Saint Matthew
902:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica
774:Galleria Nazionale d'Arte Antica
245:
198:
171:
6531:The Crucifixion of Saint Andrew
6358:The Incredulity of Saint Thomas
4839:Reyburn, Scott (8 April 2021).
4644:
4622:Alberge, Dalya (19 June 2011).
4615:
4606:
4597:
4560:
4551:
4542:
4533:
4520:
4496:
4467:
4454:
4445:
4436:
4412:
4399:
4390:
4363:
4346:
4329:
4304:
4279:
4270:
4257:
4226:
4217:
4155:
4126:
4099:
4077:
4051:
4038:
3962:
3948:
3931:
3922:
3913:
3900:
3862:
3796:
3765:
3724:
3714:
3691:
3668:
3645:
3584:
3558:
3541:
3532:
3523:
3510:
3501:
3487:
3477:
3443:
3433:
3423:
3398:
3383:
3348:
3248:
3238:
3174:
3164:
3151:
3142:
3133:
3108:
3086:
3077:
3064:
3039:
3029:
3020:
3011:
2986:
2781:List of paintings by Caravaggio
2399:agreed: "With the exception of
1985:
1930:Sacred Love Versus Profane Love
1015:The Incredulity of Saint Thomas
866:The Incredulity of Saint Thomas
553:(his earliest known painting),
131:List of paintings by Caravaggio
6704:David with the Head of Goliath
6539:David with the Head of Goliath
6310:The Crucifixion of Saint Peter
6294:The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew
6032:
5789:
5708:Caravaggio: The Art of Realism
4612:Alfred Moir, "Caravaggio", p.9
4516:Caravaggism at the Rijksmuseum
4479:David with the Head of Goliath
4234:Homosexuality and Civilization
4142:The Lancet Infectious Diseases
3842:Rowland, Ingrid Drake (2005).
3046:Louise Brown, Beverly (2001).
2967:
2949:"Paris Art Studies Caravaggio"
2914:
2905:
2883:
2861:
2844:
2826:
2244:Old Woman and Boy with Candles
2182:Old Woman and Boy with Candles
2097:, fascinated with themes from
1717:David with the Head of Goliath
1696:David with the Head of Goliath
818:The Martyrdom of Saint Matthew
55:Chalk portrait of Caravaggio,
13:
1:
7255:17th-century Italian painters
7245:16th-century Italian painters
6696:The Martyrdom of Saint Ursula
6422:Christ on the Mount of Olives
6199:Saint Catherine of Alexandria
6167:Rest on the Flight into Egypt
5989:Caravaggio's Supper at Emmaus
5751:Thornhill, Annabelle (2015).
5603:Ostrow, Steven F., review of
5247:
4928:Parra, Aritz (8 April 2021).
4150:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30571-1
3992:10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30571-1
3802:Varriano (2006), pp. 74, 116.
3772:Giardino, Alessandro (2017).
3750:10.1080/23753234.2017.1287283
3495:"Caravaggio's Untold Secrets"
3048:The Genius of Rome, 1592–1623
2838:www.caravaggio-foundation.org
2791:
2579:Real Academia of San Fernando
2170:, blending elements from the
1676:The Martyrdom of Saint Ursula
1630:Le vite de' pittori Messinesi
1628:Susinno's early-18th-century
1434:seven corporal works of mercy
1213:
971:
964:
793:
749:
733:Rest on the Flight into Egypt
671:
409:
56:
7070:Giovanni Francesco Guerrieri
6883:Jan Gerritsz van Bronckhorst
6302:The Conversion of Saint Paul
6286:The Calling of Saint Matthew
6231:Portrait of Maffeo Barberini
5904:Caravaggio's EyeGate Gallery
5880:
5583:. London: Warburg Institute.
5478:, London, Allen Lane, 2009.
5461:, Dorling Kindersley (1999)
5244:Considerazioni sulla pittura
4106:Tom Kington (16 June 2010).
2983:. Retrieved 21 February 2017
2796:
1802:
1438:Pio Monte della Misericordia
1410:Pio Monte della Misericordia
998:, which was looted from the
923:The Conversion of Saint Paul
836:The Calling of Saint Matthew
824:The Calling of Saint Matthew
389:
7:
6507:Saint Francis in Meditation
6494:(Madrid; c. 1605–1609)
6342:Saint Matthew and the Angel
6247:Judith Beheading Holofernes
5999:, accessed 13 February 2013
5984:, accessed 13 February 2013
5976:, accessed 13 February 2013
5961:, accessed 13 February 2013
5946:, accessed 13 February 2013
5931:, accessed 13 February 2013
5607:by Maryvelma Smith O'Neil,
5395:Keith Christiansen (1990).
5065:. Cleis Press. p. 72.
3818:Renaissance and Reformation
3597:(in Italian). Youcanprint.
3520:, R. Simboli, 1921, p. 158.
3390:Baglione, Giovanni (1642).
2769:
2539:Judith Beheading Holofernes
2501:, was destroyed during the
2486:Saint Matthew and the Angel
2465:additions since then. One,
2082:The Resurrection of Lazarus
2056:National Gallery of Ireland
1964:has summarised the debate:
1670:John the Baptist (Borghese)
1590:Caravaggio made his way to
1498:The Beheading of Saint John
1382:Exile and death (1606–1610)
1362:Map of Caravaggio's travels
1129:, Berlin. Caravaggio shows
989:National Gallery of Ireland
943:The aristocratic collector
911:Saint Matthew and the Angel
897:Judith Beheading Holofernes
715:Judith Beheading Holofernes
584:, and the sixteen-year-old
375:20th-century art historian
32:Caravaggio (disambiguation)
27:Italian painter (1571–1610)
10:
7301:
6664:Adoration of the Shepherds
6563:The Flagellation of Christ
6438:Saint Jerome in Meditation
6191:Jupiter, Neptune and Pluto
6074:Boy with a Basket of Fruit
5851:Rembrandt with Caravaggio.
5492:. New York: Random House.
5419:, Cooper Arte, Roma 2009,
5262:Giovanni Pietro Bellori's
4656:in Le Monde, 12 April 2016
3774:"The Seven Works of Mercy"
3290:(2): 78–89. Archived from
3230:: CS1 maint: postscript (
2453:
2422:Metropolitan Museum of Art
2406:
2239:Courtauld Institute of Art
2122:Crucifixion of Saint Peter
1847:Boy with a Basket of Fruit
1621:Adoration of the Shepherds
1584:Regional Museum of Messina
1579:Adoration of the Shepherds
1480:, could help him secure a
1464:, the headquarters of the
556:Boy with a Basket of Fruit
541:Metropolitan Museum of Art
29:
18:Michelangelo da Caravaggio
7179:
7151:Bartolomé Esteban Murillo
7143:
7002:
6956:
6920:
6909:
6848:
6810:
6714:
6629:
6480:
6273:
6223:Martha and Mary Magdalene
6210:(Princeton; c. 1598)
6108:
6049:
6040:
5887:caravaggio-foundation.org
5828:The Passion of Caravaggio
5364:Maurizio Calvesi (1990).
5345:, Scripta Maneant, 2014,
5089:. British Film Institute.
4336:Mirabeau, Honoré (1867).
3790:10.1163/15700593-01600100
3731:Bühren, Ralf van (2017).
3656:. London: Telegraph.co.uk
3394:. Rome. pp. 136–139.
3355:Marini, Maurizio (2014).
3070:Giovanni Pietro Bellori,
2719:Martha and Mary Magdalene
2647:members have stated that
2622:, and stole Caravaggio's
2612:Oratory of Saint Lawrence
2449:
2417:The Denial of Saint Peter
2371:In the 1920s, art critic
2358:Giovanni Battista Agucchi
2076:The Calling of St Matthew
2039:Martyrdom of Saint Ursula
1664:The Denial of Saint Peter
1562:
1523:Saint John's Co-Cathedral
1503:Saint John's Co-Cathedral
1386:
1179:, in English also called
709:Martha and Mary Magdalene
683:Francesco Maria del Monte
632:Francesco Maria del Monte
523:that came to be known as
323:that came to be known as
179:
170:
165:
161:
157:
148:Francesco Maria del Monte
140:
136:
124:
114:
104:
85:
66:
48:
41:
7240:Italian Baroque painters
6928:Flemish Baroque painting
6648:The Burial of Saint Lucy
6555:The Crowning with Thorns
6523:The Seven Works of Mercy
6499:Mary Magdalen in Ecstasy
6406:The Crowning with Thorns
6374:The Entombment of Christ
6082:Boy Bitten by a Crayfish
5909:
5509:Harris, Ann Sutherland.
5446:, Chaucer Press, (2004)
5431:The Moment of Caravaggio
5367:Le realtà del Caravaggio
5336:2 (2017), pp. 63–87
5117:Festa del Cinema di Roma
4800:, auction catalogue 2019
4087:. BBC News. 16 June 2010
4048:beginning in chapter 20.
3321:Pomella, Andrea (2005).
3115:Hibbard, Howard (1983).
2993:Lambert, Gilles (2000).
2851:Vincenzio Fanti (1767).
2592:
2475:, mislabeled as a copy.
2321:The Entombment of Christ
1767:. Some have said he had
1757:
1673:, and his last picture,
1455:
1430:The Seven Works of Mercy
1425:The Seven Works of Mercy
1405:The Seven Works of Mercy
1166:, and later acquired by
1111:Madonna dei palafrenieri
979:Capitoline Museums, Rome
961:National Gallery, London
331:style that emerged from
7260:Italian Roman Catholics
7050:Paolo Domenico Finoglia
6454:Portrait of Pope Paul V
6414:The Death of the Virgin
6382:Saint Francis in Prayer
5995:11 October 2014 at the
5972:1 November 2014 at the
5957:1 November 2014 at the
5923:23 October 2014 at the
5889:175 works by Caravaggio
5755:. Osmora Incorporated.
5688:, with assistance from
5671:10.1111/1467-8365.00290
5581:Studies in Seicento Art
4796:14 January 2023 at the
3971:"Did Caravaggio die of
3871:The Burlington Magazine
3815:Patrick, James (2007).
3627:. Italy. Archived from
3516:Mariano Luigi Patrizi,
3159:The Burlington Magazine
2997:. Taschen. p. 19.
2762:The Talented Mr. Ripley
1549:St. John's Co-Cathedral
1484:for Tomassoni's death.
769:Narcissus at the Source
7055:Giovanni Antonio Galli
7025:Battistello Caracciolo
7015:Marco Antonio Bassetti
6656:The Raising of Lazarus
6582:(London; c. 1607)
6207:The Sacrifice of Isaac
6135:Boy Bitten by a Lizard
5942:8 October 2014 at the
5488:Jonathan Harr (2005).
5417:Caravaggio White Album
4741:Antiques trade gazette
4409:, Penguin, 2011, p.412
4134:Did Caravaggio die of
4059:"Caravaggio's Remains"
3529:Calvesi 1986, pp. 8–9.
2979:29 August 2016 at the
2812:"Caravaggio da Milano"
2607:
2606:, 1600; stolen in 1969
2534:
2531:Santa Maria del Popolo
2495:San Luigi dei Francesi
2477:Richard Francis Burton
2434:
2425:
2329:
2198:Battistello Caracciolo
2193:
2134:
2131:Santa Maria del Popolo
2063:
2009:
1983:
1971:
1937:
1912:Richard Francis Burton
1859:
1814:
1704:
1653:
1651:Royal Palace of Madrid
1615:The Raising of Lazarus
1587:
1573:The Raising of Lazarus
1506:
1501:(1608) by Caravaggio (
1476:, Grand Master of the
1413:
1363:
1224:
1183:, painted in 1602 for
1134:
1078:
1010:
994:The second version of
947:, brother of Cardinal
934:Santa Maria del Popolo
905:
848:
845:San Luigi dei Francesi
813:San Luigi dei Francesi
777:
760:
686:
655:Boy Bitten by a Lizard
609:
544:
420:
395:Early life (1571–1592)
194:Amerighi da Caravaggio
99:, State of the Presidi
7250:Italian male painters
7171:Francisco de Zurbarán
7060:Artemisia Gentileschi
6888:Hendrick ter Brugghen
6688:Denial of Saint Peter
6547:Madonna of the Rosary
6462:Still Life with Fruit
6433:(Genoa; c. 1605)
5807:Christiansen, Keith.
5385:John Denison Champlin
5289:Andrea Bayer (2004).
4790:Judith and Holofernes
4504:The Age of Caravaggio
4405:Andrew Graham-Dixon,
4370:White, Chris (1999).
4297:Andrew Graham-Dixon,
4250:Andrew Graham-Dixon,
4236:(Harvard, 2006) p.288
4136:Staphylococcus aureus
3973:Staphylococcus aureus
3894:10 March 2006 at the
3277:"Caravaggio in Malta"
3191:Barber, Noel (1999).
2735:L'Ombra di Caravaggio
2631:Following the theft,
2600:
2537:A painting depicting
2519:
2430:
2414:
2360:and Bellori's friend
2318:
2288:Hendrick ter Brugghen
2277:Willem Jacob Herreyns
2180:
2164:Artemisia Gentileschi
2118:
2048:
1998:
1978:
1966:
1928:
1896:Grand Duke of Tuscany
1844:
1810:
1793:Staphylococcus aureus
1693:
1643:
1570:
1495:
1478:Knights of Saint John
1419:Madonna of the Rosary
1402:
1361:
1206:
1119:
1081:Other works included
1067:
1008:
908:His first version of
894:
875:(circa 1602) for the
833:
766:
742:
670:(Hermitage version),
664:
598:
533:
458:and saw the works of
417:Pinacoteca Ambrosiana
402:
190:Michele Angelo Merigi
7144:Spanish Caravaggisti
7040:Bartolomeo Cavarozzi
7030:Cecco del Caravaggio
7003:Italian Caravaggisti
6969:Valentin de Boulogne
6921:Flemish Caravaggisti
6898:Gerard van Honthorst
6587:Saint Jerome Writing
6571:Christ at the Column
6449:(Rome; c. 1605)
6446:Saint Jerome Writing
6366:The Taking of Christ
6085:(c. 1593; lost)
5255:Giovanni Baglione's
4254:, Penguin, 2011, p.4
4044:Robb argues this in
3908:putridum et foetidum
2757:Patricia Highsmith's
2695:. British filmmaker
2668:Saint Jerome Writing
2511:Vincenzo Giustiniani
2292:Gerrit van Honthorst
2214:Entombment of Christ
2160:Charles I of England
2069:The Supper at Emmaus
2051:The Taking of Christ
1991:The birth of Baroque
1854:× 21 in),
1828:Cecco del Caravaggio
1518:Saint Jerome Writing
1347:and Helen Langdon's
1262:of another painter,
1249:The Taking of Christ
1209:Saint Jerome Writing
1189:Cecco del Caravaggio
1185:Vincenzo Giustiniani
1168:Charles I of England
1028:Vincenzo Giustiniani
996:The Taking of Christ
984:The Taking of Christ
957:The Supper at Emmaus
872:The Taking of Christ
571:Glomerella cingulata
345:Gian Lorenzo Bernini
30:For other uses, see
7110:Bartolomeo Schedoni
7080:Bartolomeo Manfredi
6957:French Caravaggisti
6761:Caravaggio's Shadow
6727:Utrecht Caravaggism
6393:(c. 1603–1606)
6111:Del Monte paintings
5802:Articles and essays
5619:Catherine Puglisi,
5472:Andrew Graham-Dixon
5257:Le vite de' pittori
4493:, p. Foreword.
4429:The Washington Post
3572:. 22 September 2020
3538:Calvesi 1986, p. 8.
3450:Gash, John (2004).
3275:Sammut, E. (1949).
2974:Malta Culture Guide
2575:Ministry of Culture
2489:, intended for the
2354:Gian Pietro Bellori
2341:, and the Spaniard
2326:Pinacoteca Vaticana
2301:Utrecht Caravaggism
2224:Death of the Virgin
2152:Bartolomeo Manfredi
1962:Andrew Graham-Dixon
1353:Andrew Graham-Dixon
1160:Death of the Virgin
1139:Death of the Virgin
1102:Death of the Virgin
1070:Death of the Virgin
1036:Palais in Sanssouci
550:Boy Peeling a Fruit
377:André Berne-Joffroy
7285:Deaths from sepsis
7270:Artists from Milan
7135:Giuseppe Vermiglio
7065:Orazio Gentileschi
7035:Bernardo Cavallino
6974:Georges de La Tour
6878:Hendrick Bloemaert
6850:Dutch Caravaggisti
6159:Penitent Magdalene
6090:The Fortune Teller
6066:Young Sick Bacchus
5706:John L. Varriano,
5690:Michèle Kahn Spike
5564:Caravaggio: A Life
5552:, Taschen, (2000)
5356:Maurizio Calvesi,
5339:Claudio Strinati,
5309:Erin Benay (2017)
5195:has generic name (
4983:on 20 October 2012
4977:"FBI — Caravaggio"
4846:The New York Times
4767:La Dépêche du Midi
4189:The New York Times
3954:A letter from the
3939:il suo Caravaggino
3631:on 1 November 2013
3624:Life of Caravaggio
3619:Baglione, Giovanni
2955:on 6 November 2020
2727:Orazio Gentileschi
2723:Georges de La Tour
2673:Caravaggio Diaries
2665:In December 1984,
2651:was stolen by the
2608:
2535:
2503:bombing of Dresden
2426:
2335:Georges de La Tour
2330:
2194:
2140:Orazio Gentileschi
2135:
2064:
2030:Fillide Melandroni
2010:
1960:The art historian
1938:
1920:Seneca the Younger
1860:
1815:
1812:Fillide Melandroni
1705:
1654:
1609:Burial of St. Lucy
1588:
1507:
1505:, Valletta, Malta)
1474:Alof de Wignacourt
1414:
1364:
1349:Caravaggio: A Life
1323:Fillide Melandroni
1268:Orazio Gentileschi
1225:
1152:Assumption of Mary
1135:
1079:
1051:Thomas the Apostle
1011:
906:
849:
778:
761:
721:Sacrifice of Isaac
692:Penitent Magdalene
687:
625:The Fortune Teller
614:The Fortune Teller
610:
606:Wadsworth Atheneum
562:Young Sick Bacchus
545:
421:
152:Alof de Wignacourt
7280:Italian duellists
7275:Catholic painters
7212:
7211:
7199:Peter Paul Rubens
7156:Francisco Ribalta
7130:Massimo Stanzione
7115:Giovanni Serodine
7010:Giovanni Baglione
6943:Theodoor Rombouts
6893:Wouter Crabeth II
6858:Dirck van Baburen
6770:
6769:
6632:Sicily and Naples
6345:(1602; destroyed)
6255:David and Goliath
6058:Boy Peeling Fruit
6043:List of paintings
5702:978-0-7892-0639-8
5648:978-1-876631-79-6
5629:978-0-7148-3966-0
5623:, Phaidon (1998)
5572:978-0-374-11894-5
5558:978-3-8228-6305-3
5537:978-0-297-76108-2
5505:978-0-06-433322-1
5484:978-0-7139-9674-6
5467:978-0-7894-4138-6
5425:978-88-7394-128-6
5351:978-88-9584-718-4
5313:Giles Press Ltd.
5282:Secondary sources
4528:Vincenzo Carducci
4314:"" – Romans I:27.
4205:on 1 January 2022
3956:Bishop of Caserta
3855:978-1-59017-123-3
3828:978-0-7614-7651-1
3604:978-88-9306-413-2
3553:Het Schilder-Boek
3416:978-3-9503574-3-1
3405:Fuchs, Reinhard.
3368:978-88-541-6939-5
3334:978-88-88536-62-0
3297:on 8 October 2018
3210:978-1-892850-00-3
3096:. Hort.purdue.edu
2747:Steven Zaillian's
2491:Contarelli Chapel
2350:Giovanni Baglione
2296:Dirck van Baburen
2234:Cain slaying Abel
2168:Annibale Carracci
2144:Giovanni Baglione
1942:Giovanni Baglione
1934:Giovanni Baglione
1856:Galleria Borghese
1836:Madonna di Loreto
1824:Amor vincit omnia
1722:Scipione Borghese
1701:Galleria Borghese
1264:Giovanni Baglione
1255:Amor Vincit Omnia
1221:Galleria Borghese
1176:Amor Vincit Omnia
1148:Giovanni Baglione
1122:Amor Vincit Omnia
1090:Madonna di Loreto
869:(circa 1601) and
841:Contarelli Chapel
811:in the church of
809:Contarelli Chapel
502:Pope Clement VIII
468:Leonardo da Vinci
439:and the powerful
415:, oil on canvas,
337:Peter Paul Rubens
183:
182:
74:29 September 1571
16:(Redirected from
7292:
7265:Knights of Malta
7185:
7166:Jusepe de Ribera
7100:Orazio Riminaldi
7020:Orazio Borgianni
6984:Nicolas Tournier
6915:
6797:
6790:
6783:
6774:
6773:
6640:The Annunciation
6590:(Valletta; 1607)
6515:Supper at Emmaus
6483:Naples and Malta
6326:Supper at Emmaus
6215:John the Baptist
6027:
6020:
6013:
6004:
6003:
5776:
5766:
5762:978-2-7659078-17
5721:Rudolf Wittkower
5682:
5610:The Art Bulletin
5548:Gilles Lambert,
5495:Howard Hibbard,
5412:
5381:
5306:
5252:
5251: 1617–1621
5249:
5227:
5226:
5224:
5222:
5207:
5201:
5200:
5194:
5190:
5188:
5180:
5178:
5176:
5153:
5147:
5146:
5144:
5142:
5127:
5121:
5112:
5106:
5105:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5083:
5077:
5076:
5058:
5049:
5048:
5046:
5044:
5030:
5019:
5018:
5016:
5014:
4999:
4993:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4973:
4967:
4966:
4964:
4962:
4944:
4938:
4937:
4925:
4919:
4918:
4904:
4898:
4897:
4895:
4893:
4888:on 27 April 2021
4878:
4872:
4871:
4857:
4851:
4850:
4836:
4830:
4825:Olivier Morand,
4822:
4816:
4810:Jonathan Jones,
4807:
4801:
4785:
4779:
4778:
4776:
4774:
4769:. 4 October 2021
4759:
4753:
4752:
4750:
4748:
4733:
4727:
4726:
4724:
4722:
4707:
4701:
4689:
4683:
4682:
4680:
4678:
4663:
4657:
4648:
4642:
4641:
4639:
4637:
4619:
4613:
4610:
4604:
4601:
4595:
4594:
4570:The Art Bulletin
4564:
4558:
4555:
4549:
4546:
4540:
4537:
4531:
4524:
4518:
4513:
4507:
4500:
4494:
4488:
4482:
4471:
4465:
4458:
4452:
4449:
4443:
4440:
4434:
4433:
4424:, June 10, 2019"
4416:
4410:
4403:
4397:
4394:
4388:
4387:
4367:
4361:
4360:
4350:
4344:
4343:
4333:
4327:
4321:
4315:
4308:
4302:
4295:
4286:
4283:
4277:
4274:
4268:
4265:Artisti Lombardi
4261:
4255:
4248:
4237:
4232:Louis Crompton,
4230:
4224:
4221:
4215:
4214:
4212:
4210:
4204:
4199:. Archived from
4180:
4174:
4173:
4167:
4159:
4153:
4130:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4119:
4103:
4097:
4096:
4094:
4092:
4081:
4075:
4074:
4072:
4070:
4055:
4049:
4042:
4036:
4035:
4033:
4031:
4016:
4005:
4004:
3994:
3966:
3960:
3952:
3946:
3935:
3929:
3926:
3920:
3917:
3911:
3904:
3898:
3886:
3874:
3873:(CXLV): 229–232.
3866:
3860:
3859:
3839:
3833:
3832:
3812:
3803:
3800:
3794:
3793:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3752:
3728:
3722:
3718:
3712:
3711:
3709:
3707:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3684:
3672:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3649:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3636:
3615:
3609:
3608:
3588:
3582:
3581:
3579:
3577:
3562:
3556:
3549:Karel van Mander
3545:
3539:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3521:
3514:
3508:
3507:Bellori, p. 215.
3505:
3499:
3498:
3491:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3447:
3441:
3437:
3431:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3402:
3396:
3395:
3387:
3381:
3380:
3352:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3341:
3318:
3307:
3306:
3304:
3302:
3296:
3281:
3272:
3255:
3252:
3246:
3242:
3236:
3235:
3229:
3221:
3219:
3217:
3197:Mormando, Franco
3188:
3182:
3178:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3155:
3149:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3131:
3130:
3112:
3106:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3090:
3084:
3081:
3075:
3068:
3062:
3061:
3043:
3037:
3033:
3027:
3024:
3018:
3015:
3009:
3008:
2990:
2984:
2971:
2965:
2964:
2962:
2960:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2929:on 16 April 2009
2918:
2912:
2909:
2903:
2902:
2900:
2898:
2887:
2881:
2880:
2878:
2876:
2865:
2859:
2858:
2848:
2842:
2841:
2830:
2824:
2823:
2821:
2819:
2807:
2717:(1604–1605) and
2567:Jusepe de Ribera
2556:J. Tomilson Hill
2397:Bernard Berenson
2366:Bolognese school
2273:Gaspar de Crayer
2172:High Renaissance
2156:Orazio Borgianni
2111:The Caravaggisti
2026:Francesco Boneri
2006:National Gallery
2001:Supper at Emmaus
1878:, arguing that "
1636:Return to Naples
1521:(both housed in
1466:Knights of Malta
1218:
1217: 1605–1606
1215:
1109:, also known as
1032:Second World War
976:
973:
969:
966:
798:
797: 1600–1601
795:
789:Supper at Emmaus
754:
751:
679:Hermitage Museum
676:
673:
580:, the architect
494:Simone Peterzano
464:Federico Zuccari
448:Simone Peterzano
414:
413: 1595–1596
411:
385:
359:("shadowists").
341:Jusepe de Ribera
314:Baroque painting
286:
281:
277:
276:
273:
272:
267:
266:
261:
260:
257:
254:
251:
244:
236:
235:
232:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
216:
213:
210:
207:
204:
175:
143:
127:
109:Simone Peterzano
92:
80:, Duchy of Milan
61:
58:
53:
39:
38:
21:
7300:
7299:
7295:
7294:
7293:
7291:
7290:
7289:
7215:
7214:
7213:
7208:
7204:Diego Velázquez
7183:
7175:
7139:
6998:
6952:
6938:Nicolas Régnier
6916:
6907:
6863:Jan van Bijlert
6844:
6806:
6801:
6771:
6766:
6710:
6631:
6625:
6482:
6476:
6334:Amor Victorious
6278:painter in Rome
6277:
6275:
6269:
6239:Basket of Fruit
6143:The Lute Player
6110:
6104:
6045:
6036:
6031:
5997:Wayback Machine
5974:Wayback Machine
5959:Wayback Machine
5944:Wayback Machine
5925:Wayback Machine
5912:
5883:
5804:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5763:
5562:Helen Langdon,
5429:Michael Fried,
5409:
5378:
5342:Caravaggio Vero
5324:Ralf van Bühren
5303:
5284:
5250:
5236:
5234:Primary sources
5231:
5230:
5220:
5218:
5208:
5204:
5192:
5191:
5182:
5181:
5174:
5172:
5154:
5150:
5140:
5138:
5128:
5124:
5113:
5109:
5098:
5094:
5085:
5084:
5080:
5073:
5059:
5052:
5042:
5040:
5032:
5031:
5022:
5012:
5010:
5000:
4996:
4986:
4984:
4975:
4974:
4970:
4960:
4958:
4945:
4941:
4926:
4922:
4905:
4901:
4891:
4889:
4880:
4879:
4875:
4858:
4854:
4837:
4833:
4823:
4819:
4808:
4804:
4798:Wayback Machine
4786:
4782:
4772:
4770:
4761:
4760:
4756:
4746:
4744:
4735:
4734:
4730:
4720:
4718:
4708:
4704:
4690:
4686:
4676:
4674:
4673:. 12 April 2016
4671:BBC News Online
4665:
4664:
4660:
4649:
4645:
4635:
4633:
4620:
4616:
4611:
4607:
4602:
4598:
4583:10.2307/3177308
4565:
4561:
4556:
4552:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4534:
4525:
4521:
4514:
4510:
4501:
4497:
4489:
4485:
4472:
4468:
4459:
4455:
4450:
4446:
4441:
4437:
4422:Washington Post
4418:
4417:
4413:
4404:
4400:
4395:
4391:
4384:
4368:
4364:
4351:
4347:
4339:Erotika Biblion
4334:
4330:
4322:
4318:
4309:
4305:
4301:, Penguin, 2011
4296:
4289:
4284:
4280:
4275:
4271:
4262:
4258:
4249:
4240:
4231:
4227:
4222:
4218:
4208:
4206:
4181:
4177:
4160:
4156:
4131:
4127:
4117:
4115:
4104:
4100:
4090:
4088:
4083:
4082:
4078:
4068:
4066:
4057:
4056:
4052:
4043:
4039:
4029:
4027:
4017:
4008:
3967:
3963:
3953:
3949:
3936:
3932:
3927:
3923:
3919:Langdon, p.365.
3918:
3914:
3905:
3901:
3896:Wayback Machine
3867:
3863:
3856:
3840:
3836:
3829:
3813:
3806:
3801:
3797:
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3766:
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3725:
3719:
3715:
3705:
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3696:
3692:
3682:
3680:
3673:
3669:
3659:
3657:
3650:
3646:
3634:
3632:
3616:
3612:
3605:
3589:
3585:
3575:
3573:
3564:
3563:
3559:
3546:
3542:
3537:
3533:
3528:
3524:
3515:
3511:
3506:
3502:
3493:
3492:
3488:
3482:
3478:
3468:
3466:
3464:
3448:
3444:
3438:
3434:
3428:
3424:
3417:
3403:
3399:
3388:
3384:
3369:
3353:
3349:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3319:
3310:
3300:
3298:
3294:
3279:
3273:
3258:
3253:
3249:
3243:
3239:
3223:
3222:
3215:
3213:
3211:
3189:
3185:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3165:
3156:
3152:
3147:
3143:
3138:
3134:
3127:
3113:
3109:
3099:
3097:
3092:
3091:
3087:
3082:
3078:
3069:
3065:
3058:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3016:
3012:
3005:
2991:
2987:
2981:Wayback Machine
2972:
2968:
2958:
2956:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2921:
2919:
2915:
2910:
2906:
2896:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2884:
2874:
2872:
2867:
2866:
2862:
2849:
2845:
2832:
2831:
2827:
2817:
2815:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2772:
2749:Netflix series
2740:Michele Placido
2692:Amor Victorious
2681:
2679:Cultural legacy
2595:
2571:Museo del Prado
2507:Saint Augustine
2481:turpiter ligati
2458:
2452:
2444:Basket of Fruit
2424:, New York City
2409:
2343:Giuseppe Ribera
2324:, (1602–1603),
2313:
2162:. His daughter
2113:
1993:
1988:
1974:Washington Post
1908:turpiter ligati
1805:
1760:
1638:
1586:, Sicily, Italy
1565:
1458:
1389:
1384:
1304:with swords at
1216:
1201:
1181:Amor Victorious
1107:Grooms' Madonna
1096:Grooms' Madonna
1043:Doubting Thomas
1020:Girolamo Mattei
974:
967:
949:Girolamo Mattei
805:
796:
752:
703:Saint Catherine
674:
667:The Lute Player
643:The Lute Player
498:Giuseppe Cesari
490:
412:
405:Basket of Fruit
397:
392:
379:
279:
269:
263:
248:
239:
238:
201:
197:
150:
141:
125:
100:
94:
90:
81:
75:
73:
72:
62:
59:
44:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
7298:
7288:
7287:
7282:
7277:
7272:
7267:
7262:
7257:
7252:
7247:
7242:
7237:
7232:
7227:
7210:
7209:
7207:
7206:
7201:
7196:
7191:
7186:
7184:Related topics
7180:
7177:
7176:
7174:
7173:
7168:
7163:
7158:
7153:
7147:
7145:
7141:
7140:
7138:
7137:
7132:
7127:
7125:Leonello Spada
7122:
7120:Carlo Sellitto
7117:
7112:
7107:
7105:Carlo Saraceni
7102:
7097:
7092:
7090:Pietro Paolino
7087:
7082:
7077:
7072:
7067:
7062:
7057:
7052:
7047:
7045:Domenico Fetti
7042:
7037:
7032:
7027:
7022:
7017:
7012:
7006:
7004:
7000:
6999:
6997:
6996:
6991:
6986:
6981:
6976:
6971:
6966:
6964:Trophime Bigot
6960:
6958:
6954:
6953:
6951:
6950:
6948:Gerard Seghers
6945:
6940:
6935:
6933:Adam de Coster
6930:
6924:
6922:
6918:
6917:
6910:
6908:
6906:
6905:
6900:
6895:
6890:
6885:
6880:
6875:
6870:
6865:
6860:
6854:
6852:
6846:
6845:
6843:
6842:
6837:
6832:
6827:
6822:
6817:
6811:
6808:
6807:
6800:
6799:
6792:
6785:
6777:
6768:
6767:
6765:
6764:
6757:
6749:
6741:
6734:
6729:
6724:
6718:
6716:
6712:
6711:
6709:
6708:
6700:
6692:
6684:
6683:(Madrid; 1609)
6676:
6668:
6660:
6652:
6644:
6635:
6633:
6627:
6626:
6624:
6623:
6619:Sleeping Cupid
6615:
6607:
6599:
6591:
6583:
6575:
6574:(c. 1607)
6567:
6566:(c. 1607)
6559:
6558:(Vienna; 1607)
6551:
6543:
6542:(Vienna; 1607)
6535:
6527:
6519:
6511:
6503:
6495:
6486:
6484:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6474:
6466:
6458:
6450:
6442:
6441:(c. 1605)
6434:
6426:
6418:
6410:
6402:
6401:(c. 1604)
6394:
6386:
6385:(c. 1603)
6378:
6377:(c. 1603)
6370:
6362:
6361:(c. 1602)
6354:
6346:
6338:
6330:
6329:(London; 1601)
6322:
6314:
6306:
6298:
6290:
6281:
6279:
6271:
6270:
6268:
6267:
6266:(c. 1599)
6259:
6258:(c. 1599)
6251:
6250:(c. 1599)
6243:
6242:(c. 1599)
6235:
6227:
6226:(c. 1598)
6219:
6218:(c. 1598)
6211:
6203:
6202:(c. 1598)
6195:
6194:(c. 1597)
6187:
6186:(c. 1597)
6179:
6178:(c. 1597)
6171:
6170:(c. 1597)
6163:
6162:(c. 1597)
6155:
6154:(c. 1596)
6147:
6146:(c. 1596)
6139:
6138:(c. 1596)
6131:
6130:(c. 1595)
6123:
6122:(c. 1595)
6114:
6112:
6106:
6105:
6103:
6102:
6101:(c. 1594)
6098:The Cardsharps
6094:
6093:(c. 1594)
6086:
6078:
6077:(c. 1593)
6070:
6069:(c. 1593)
6062:
6061:(c. 1592)
6053:
6051:
6047:
6046:
6041:
6038:
6037:
6030:
6029:
6022:
6015:
6007:
6001:
6000:
5985:
5977:
5962:
5947:
5932:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5893:caravaggio.org
5890:
5882:
5879:
5878:
5877:
5872:
5867:
5862:
5857:
5852:
5846:
5838:
5831:
5824:
5816:
5803:
5800:
5799:
5798:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5785:External links
5783:
5781:
5780:
5777:
5767:
5761:
5748:
5746:88-851-72-19-9
5738:Alberto Macchi
5735:
5733:978-0300079395
5718:
5716:978-0271027180
5704:
5683:
5665:(5): 646–681.
5650:
5631:
5617:
5601:
5599:978-0674469006
5584:
5574:
5560:
5546:
5539:
5525:Michael Kitson
5522:
5507:
5493:
5486:
5469:
5455:
5440:
5437:
5427:
5415:Andrea Dusio,
5413:
5407:
5392:
5382:
5376:
5361:
5354:
5337:
5321:
5319:978-1911282242
5307:
5301:
5285:
5283:
5280:
5268:
5267:
5260:
5253:
5235:
5232:
5229:
5228:
5202:
5148:
5122:
5107:
5092:
5078:
5071:
5050:
5020:
4994:
4968:
4939:
4920:
4899:
4873:
4852:
4831:
4817:
4802:
4780:
4754:
4743:. 29 June 2019
4728:
4702:
4684:
4658:
4643:
4614:
4605:
4596:
4577:(3): 449–468.
4559:
4550:
4541:
4532:
4519:
4508:
4495:
4491:Thornhill 2015
4483:
4466:
4453:
4444:
4442:Lambert, p.11.
4435:
4411:
4398:
4389:
4382:
4362:
4345:
4328:
4326:, p. 270.
4316:
4303:
4287:
4278:
4269:
4256:
4238:
4225:
4216:
4175:
4154:
4125:
4098:
4076:
4063:The Florentine
4050:
4037:
4006:
3961:
3947:
3930:
3921:
3912:
3899:
3889:Caravaggio.com
3861:
3854:
3834:
3827:
3804:
3795:
3784:(2): 149–170.
3764:
3723:
3713:
3690:
3667:
3644:
3610:
3603:
3583:
3570:Speculum Artis
3557:
3540:
3531:
3522:
3509:
3500:
3486:
3476:
3462:
3442:
3432:
3422:
3415:
3397:
3382:
3367:
3347:
3333:
3308:
3256:
3247:
3237:
3209:
3183:
3173:
3163:
3150:
3141:
3132:
3126:978-0500274910
3125:
3107:
3085:
3076:
3063:
3056:
3038:
3028:
3019:
3017:Harris, p. 21.
3010:
3003:
2985:
2966:
2940:
2913:
2904:
2882:
2860:
2843:
2825:
2801:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2788:
2783:
2778:
2771:
2768:
2680:
2677:
2653:Sicilian Mafia
2633:Italian police
2594:
2591:
2451:
2448:
2439:Banca d'Italia
2408:
2405:
2373:Roberto Longhi
2312:
2309:
2269:Pieter van Mol
2265:Jacob Jordaens
2219:Duke of Mantua
2202:Carlo Sellitto
2148:Carlo Saraceni
2112:
2109:
2058:, Dublin. The
2034:Anna Bianchini
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1932:(1602–03), by
1876:Book of Romans
1804:
1801:
1785:lead poisoning
1771:, or possibly
1759:
1756:
1637:
1634:
1564:
1561:
1457:
1454:
1393:Colonna family
1388:
1385:
1383:
1380:
1236:Palazzo Madama
1200:
1197:
1156:Carlo Saraceni
1144:Giulio Mancini
1127:Gemäldegalerie
1047:Gospel of John
1026:" version for
945:Ciriaco Mattei
855:(a heightened
804:
801:
697:Mary Magdalene
620:The Cardsharps
489:
486:
441:Colonna family
396:
393:
391:
388:
181:
180:
177:
176:
168:
167:
163:
162:
159:
158:
155:
154:
144:
138:
137:
134:
133:
128:
122:
121:
116:
115:Known for
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
95:
93:(aged 38)
87:
83:
82:
76:
70:
68:
64:
63:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
7297:
7286:
7283:
7281:
7278:
7276:
7273:
7271:
7268:
7266:
7263:
7261:
7258:
7256:
7253:
7251:
7248:
7246:
7243:
7241:
7238:
7236:
7233:
7231:
7228:
7226:
7223:
7222:
7220:
7205:
7202:
7200:
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7192:
7190:
7187:
7182:
7181:
7178:
7172:
7169:
7167:
7164:
7162:
7159:
7157:
7154:
7152:
7149:
7148:
7146:
7142:
7136:
7133:
7131:
7128:
7126:
7123:
7121:
7118:
7116:
7113:
7111:
7108:
7106:
7103:
7101:
7098:
7096:
7093:
7091:
7088:
7086:
7085:Mario Minniti
7083:
7081:
7078:
7076:
7075:Ottavio Leoni
7073:
7071:
7068:
7066:
7063:
7061:
7058:
7056:
7053:
7051:
7048:
7046:
7043:
7041:
7038:
7036:
7033:
7031:
7028:
7026:
7023:
7021:
7018:
7016:
7013:
7011:
7008:
7007:
7005:
7001:
6995:
6992:
6990:
6989:Claude Vignon
6987:
6985:
6982:
6980:
6977:
6975:
6972:
6970:
6967:
6965:
6962:
6961:
6959:
6955:
6949:
6946:
6944:
6941:
6939:
6936:
6934:
6931:
6929:
6926:
6925:
6923:
6919:
6914:
6904:
6903:Matthias Stom
6901:
6899:
6896:
6894:
6891:
6889:
6886:
6884:
6881:
6879:
6876:
6874:
6871:
6869:
6866:
6864:
6861:
6859:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6851:
6847:
6841:
6838:
6836:
6833:
6831:
6828:
6826:
6823:
6821:
6818:
6816:
6813:
6812:
6809:
6805:
6798:
6793:
6791:
6786:
6784:
6779:
6778:
6775:
6763:
6762:
6758:
6756:
6754:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6742:
6740:
6739:
6735:
6733:
6730:
6728:
6725:
6723:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6713:
6706:
6705:
6701:
6698:
6697:
6693:
6690:
6689:
6685:
6682:
6681:
6677:
6674:
6673:
6669:
6666:
6665:
6661:
6658:
6657:
6653:
6650:
6649:
6645:
6642:
6641:
6637:
6636:
6634:
6628:
6621:
6620:
6616:
6613:
6612:
6608:
6605:
6604:
6600:
6597:
6596:
6592:
6589:
6588:
6584:
6581:
6580:
6576:
6573:
6572:
6568:
6565:
6564:
6560:
6557:
6556:
6552:
6549:
6548:
6544:
6541:
6540:
6536:
6533:
6532:
6528:
6525:
6524:
6520:
6518:(Milan; 1606)
6517:
6516:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6504:
6501:
6500:
6496:
6493:
6492:
6488:
6487:
6485:
6479:
6472:
6471:
6467:
6464:
6463:
6459:
6456:
6455:
6451:
6448:
6447:
6443:
6440:
6439:
6435:
6432:
6431:
6427:
6424:
6423:
6419:
6416:
6415:
6411:
6409:(Prato; 1604)
6408:
6407:
6403:
6400:
6399:
6395:
6392:
6391:
6387:
6384:
6383:
6379:
6376:
6375:
6371:
6368:
6367:
6363:
6360:
6359:
6355:
6352:
6351:
6347:
6344:
6343:
6339:
6336:
6335:
6331:
6328:
6327:
6323:
6320:
6319:
6315:
6312:
6311:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6299:
6296:
6295:
6291:
6288:
6287:
6283:
6282:
6280:
6272:
6265:
6264:
6260:
6257:
6256:
6252:
6249:
6248:
6244:
6241:
6240:
6236:
6233:
6232:
6228:
6225:
6224:
6220:
6217:
6216:
6212:
6209:
6208:
6204:
6201:
6200:
6196:
6193:
6192:
6188:
6185:
6184:
6180:
6177:
6176:
6172:
6169:
6168:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6156:
6153:
6152:
6148:
6145:
6144:
6140:
6137:
6136:
6132:
6129:
6128:
6124:
6121:
6120:
6119:The Musicians
6116:
6115:
6113:
6107:
6100:
6099:
6095:
6092:
6091:
6087:
6084:
6083:
6079:
6076:
6075:
6071:
6068:
6067:
6063:
6060:
6059:
6055:
6054:
6052:
6048:
6044:
6039:
6035:
6028:
6023:
6021:
6016:
6014:
6009:
6008:
6005:
5998:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5986:
5983:
5982:
5978:
5975:
5971:
5968:
5967:
5963:
5960:
5956:
5953:
5952:
5948:
5945:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5933:
5930:
5926:
5922:
5919:
5918:
5914:
5913:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5894:
5891:
5888:
5885:
5884:
5876:
5873:
5871:
5868:
5866:
5863:
5861:
5858:
5856:
5853:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5844:
5839:
5837:
5836:
5832:
5830:
5829:
5825:
5823:
5822:
5817:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5805:
5797:
5794:
5793:
5778:
5774:
5768:
5764:
5758:
5754:
5749:
5747:
5743:
5739:
5736:
5734:
5730:
5726:
5722:
5719:
5717:
5713:
5709:
5705:
5703:
5699:
5695:
5691:
5687:
5684:
5680:
5676:
5672:
5668:
5664:
5660:
5656:
5651:
5649:
5645:
5641:
5640:
5635:
5632:
5630:
5626:
5622:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5611:
5606:
5602:
5600:
5596:
5592:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5569:
5565:
5561:
5559:
5555:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5541:Pietro Koch,
5540:
5538:
5534:
5530:
5526:
5523:
5520:
5519:1-85669-415-1
5516:
5512:
5508:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5487:
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5464:
5460:
5457:Rosa Giorgi,
5456:
5453:
5452:1-904449-22-0
5449:
5445:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5432:
5428:
5426:
5422:
5418:
5414:
5410:
5408:9780870995750
5404:
5400:
5399:
5393:
5390:
5386:
5383:
5379:
5377:9788806117108
5373:
5369:
5368:
5362:
5359:
5355:
5352:
5348:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5335:
5331:
5330:
5325:
5322:
5320:
5316:
5312:
5308:
5304:
5302:9781588391162
5298:
5294:
5293:
5287:
5286:
5279:
5277:
5273:
5265:
5261:
5258:
5254:
5245:
5241:
5240:
5239:
5217:
5213:
5206:
5198:
5186:
5171:
5167:
5163:
5159:
5152:
5137:
5133:
5126:
5119:
5118:
5111:
5103:
5096:
5088:
5082:
5074:
5072:9781573441919
5068:
5064:
5057:
5055:
5039:
5035:
5029:
5027:
5025:
5009:
5005:
4998:
4982:
4978:
4972:
4956:
4955:
4950:
4943:
4935:
4931:
4924:
4916:
4915:
4910:
4903:
4887:
4883:
4877:
4869:
4868:
4863:
4856:
4848:
4847:
4842:
4835:
4829:
4828:
4821:
4814:
4813:
4806:
4799:
4795:
4792:
4791:
4784:
4768:
4764:
4758:
4742:
4738:
4732:
4717:
4713:
4706:
4699:
4698:
4693:
4688:
4672:
4668:
4662:
4655:
4654:
4647:
4631:
4630:
4625:
4618:
4609:
4600:
4592:
4588:
4584:
4580:
4576:
4572:
4571:
4563:
4554:
4545:
4536:
4529:
4523:
4517:
4512:
4505:
4499:
4492:
4487:
4480:
4476:
4470:
4463:
4457:
4448:
4439:
4431:
4430:
4425:
4423:
4415:
4408:
4402:
4393:
4385:
4383:9780415153065
4379:
4376:. Routledge.
4375:
4374:
4366:
4358:
4357:
4349:
4341:
4340:
4332:
4325:
4324:Bouchard 1791
4320:
4313:
4307:
4300:
4294:
4292:
4282:
4273:
4266:
4260:
4253:
4247:
4245:
4243:
4235:
4229:
4223:Hibbard, p.97
4220:
4203:
4198:
4194:
4190:
4186:
4179:
4171:
4166:
4158:
4151:
4147:
4143:
4139:
4137:
4129:
4113:
4109:
4102:
4086:
4080:
4065:. 1 July 2010
4064:
4060:
4054:
4047:
4041:
4026:
4022:
4015:
4013:
4011:
4002:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3984:
3980:
3976:
3974:
3965:
3957:
3951:
3944:
3940:
3934:
3925:
3916:
3909:
3903:
3897:
3893:
3890:
3884:
3880:
3879:Paragone Arte
3872:
3865:
3857:
3851:
3847:
3846:
3838:
3830:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3811:
3809:
3799:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3760:
3756:
3751:
3746:
3742:
3738:
3734:
3727:
3717:
3701:
3694:
3678:
3671:
3655:
3648:
3630:
3626:
3625:
3620:
3614:
3606:
3600:
3596:
3595:
3587:
3571:
3567:
3561:
3554:
3550:
3544:
3535:
3526:
3519:
3513:
3504:
3496:
3490:
3480:
3465:
3459:
3455:
3454:
3446:
3436:
3426:
3418:
3412:
3408:
3401:
3393:
3386:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3351:
3336:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3293:
3289:
3285:
3278:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3265:
3263:
3261:
3251:
3241:
3233:
3227:
3212:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3187:
3177:
3167:
3160:
3154:
3145:
3136:
3128:
3122:
3118:
3111:
3095:
3089:
3080:
3073:
3067:
3059:
3057:9780900946882
3053:
3049:
3042:
3032:
3023:
3014:
3006:
3004:9783822863053
3000:
2996:
2989:
2982:
2978:
2975:
2970:
2954:
2950:
2944:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2908:
2892:
2886:
2870:
2864:
2856:
2855:
2847:
2839:
2835:
2829:
2813:
2806:
2802:
2787:
2784:
2782:
2779:
2777:
2774:
2773:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2758:
2754:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2741:
2737:
2736:
2730:
2728:
2724:
2720:
2716:
2710:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2688:
2687:
2686:The Musicians
2676:
2674:
2670:
2669:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2654:
2650:
2646:
2645:Italian mafia
2642:
2638:
2634:
2629:
2627:
2626:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2605:
2604:
2599:
2590:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2563:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2532:
2528:
2527:Cerasi Chapel
2524:
2523:
2518:
2514:
2512:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2496:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2482:
2478:
2474:
2473:Hampton Court
2470:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2447:
2445:
2441:
2440:
2433:
2429:
2423:
2419:
2418:
2413:
2404:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2386:
2382:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2355:
2351:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2336:
2327:
2323:
2322:
2317:
2308:
2306:
2302:
2297:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2280:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2262:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:(1618–1619) (
2246:
2245:
2240:
2237:(1608–1609) (
2236:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2225:
2220:
2216:
2215:
2209:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2179:
2175:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2132:
2128:
2127:Cerasi Chapel
2124:
2123:
2117:
2108:
2106:
2105:
2104:Metamorphoses
2100:
2096:
2092:
2088:
2084:
2083:
2078:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2052:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2040:
2035:
2031:
2027:
2023:
2022:Mario Minniti
2017:
2015:
2007:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1982:
1977:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1963:
1958:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1943:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1921:
1918:mentioned by
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1901:
1898:—featuring a
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1884:homosexuality
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1862:Caravaggio's
1857:
1853:
1849:
1848:
1843:
1839:
1837:
1831:
1829:
1825:
1820:
1819:homoeroticism
1813:
1809:
1800:
1796:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1778:
1777:unpasteurised
1774:
1770:
1766:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1735:
1729:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1718:
1713:
1712:
1702:
1699:, 1609–1610,
1698:
1697:
1692:
1688:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1671:
1666:
1665:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1647:
1642:
1633:
1631:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1616:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1585:
1581:
1580:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1560:
1558:
1552:
1550:
1546:
1542:
1538:
1537:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1519:
1514:
1513:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1490:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1453:
1451:
1450:commissioners
1447:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1426:
1421:
1420:
1411:
1408:, 1606–1607,
1407:
1406:
1401:
1397:
1394:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1360:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1326:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1309:
1307:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1287:
1283:
1282:in his face.
1281:
1275:
1273:
1272:Onorio Longhi
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1250:
1244:
1242:
1237:
1232:
1229:
1222:
1211:
1210:
1205:
1196:
1194:
1190:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1177:
1171:
1169:
1165:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1140:
1132:
1128:
1125:, 1601–1602,
1124:
1123:
1118:
1114:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1103:
1098:
1097:
1092:
1091:
1086:
1085:
1076:
1073:, 1601–1606,
1072:
1071:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1039:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1021:
1017:
1016:
1007:
1003:
1001:
1000:Odessa Museum
997:
992:
990:
986:
985:
980:
962:
958:
954:
950:
946:
941:
939:
935:
931:
930:
925:
924:
920:. Similarly,
919:
918:
913:
912:
903:
900:, 1599–1602,
899:
898:
893:
889:
886:
882:
878:
877:Mattei family
874:
873:
868:
867:
860:
858:
854:
851:Caravaggio's
846:
842:
839:(1599–1600),
838:
837:
832:
828:
826:
825:
820:
819:
814:
810:
800:
791:
790:
784:
775:
772:, 1597–1599,
771:
770:
765:
758:
747:
746:
741:
737:
735:
734:
729:
728:
723:
722:
717:
716:
711:
710:
705:
704:
698:
694:
693:
684:
680:
669:
668:
663:
659:
657:
656:
651:
650:
645:
644:
639:
638:
637:The Musicians
633:
630:
626:
622:
621:
616:
615:
607:
603:
602:
597:
593:
591:
590:Mario Minniti
587:
583:
582:Onorio Longhi
579:
578:Prospero Orsi
574:
572:
568:
564:
563:
558:
557:
552:
551:
542:
539:, 1595–1596,
538:
537:
536:The Musicians
532:
528:
526:
522:
518:
514:
510:
505:
503:
499:
495:
485:
483:
479:
475:
474:
469:
465:
461:
457:
453:
449:
444:
442:
438:
434:
430:
426:
418:
407:
406:
401:
387:
383:
378:
373:
368:
365:
360:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
317:
315:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
285:
275:
242:
234:
195:
191:
187:
178:
174:
169:
164:
160:
156:
153:
149:
145:
139:
135:
132:
129:
123:
120:
117:
113:
110:
107:
103:
98:
88:
84:
79:
69:
65:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
7161:Juan Ribalta
7095:Mattia Preti
6979:Jean LeClerc
6873:Andries Both
6814:
6804:Caravaggisti
6759:
6752:
6744:
6736:
6732:Caravaggisti
6707:(Rome; 1610)
6702:
6694:
6686:
6678:
6675:(1609; lost)
6670:
6662:
6654:
6646:
6638:
6617:
6609:
6601:
6593:
6585:
6577:
6569:
6561:
6553:
6545:
6537:
6529:
6521:
6513:
6505:
6497:
6489:
6468:
6460:
6452:
6444:
6436:
6428:
6420:
6412:
6404:
6396:
6388:
6380:
6372:
6364:
6356:
6348:
6340:
6332:
6324:
6316:
6308:
6300:
6292:
6284:
6261:
6253:
6245:
6237:
6229:
6221:
6213:
6205:
6197:
6189:
6181:
6173:
6165:
6157:
6149:
6141:
6133:
6125:
6117:
6096:
6089:
6080:
6072:
6064:
6056:
6033:
5988:
5980:
5965:
5950:
5935:
5929:Smarthistory
5916:
5842:
5834:
5827:
5820:
5812:
5771:
5752:
5724:
5707:
5693:
5662:
5658:
5637:
5620:
5608:
5604:
5590:
5580:
5563:
5549:
5542:
5528:
5510:
5496:
5489:
5475:
5458:
5443:
5430:
5416:
5397:
5388:
5366:
5357:
5340:
5333:
5327:
5310:
5291:
5275:
5271:
5269:
5263:
5256:
5243:
5237:
5219:. Retrieved
5215:
5205:
5193:|last3=
5173:. Retrieved
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6747:(1986 film)
6598:(1607–1608)
6297:(1599–1600)
6289:(1599–1600)
6276:Most famous
5659:Art History
5615:online text
5587:Alfred Moir
5577:Denis Mahon
5442:John Gash,
5136:Artnet News
5013:24 December
4987:18 November
4961:19 December
4914:Smithsonian
4773:10 November
4747:10 November
4539:Ostrow, 608
4209:17 December
4118:18 November
4091:18 November
3943:Amor Vincit
3706:18 November
3683:28 November
3301:23 February
3245:pp.179–188.
3161:, pp. 25–28
3100:18 November
2933:18 November
2897:18 November
2893:. Getty.edu
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6753:Caravaggio
6745:Caravaggio
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5694:Caravaggio
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5634:Peter Robb
5621:Caravaggio
5550:Caravaggio
5497:Caravaggio
5444:Caravaggio
5358:Caravaggio
5276:Caravaggio
5272:Caravaggio
5043:30 October
4267:. pp.71–72
3979:The Lancet
3635:30 October
3484:pp193–196.
3463:1904449220
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3117:Caravaggio
2995:Caravaggio
2792:References
2702:Caravaggio
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2454:See also:
2241:) and the
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1260:defamation
1084:Entombment
938:Saint Paul
759:, Florence
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543:, New York
517:naturalism
429:Caravaggio
293:Caravaggio
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6835:Tenebrism
6630:1608–1610
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6274:1600–1606
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4957:. London
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2253:Raphael
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2091:Baroque
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