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that Mexico has exported to other countries". Martínez Expósito suggests that "cinematic attempts to introduce gay characters and themes in national cinema should necessarily be doomed" because "Mexicanness" as a concept and identity contains a lot of features associated with patriarchy, which he says explains why
Mexican LGBT+ cinema (pre-2001) used various strategies in order to acceptably introduce their themes; characters who are camp but not gay, characters who are closeted, for example, up until "the latent homosexual in
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375:," and that by using queer bodies in this way "they propose alternative definitions of what it means to be Mexican." Baker notes that there is no similar representation or challenge to what constitutes national identity in Mexican film of the Golden Age, which she places as the mainstream, but that the performance appears in the LGBT+ cinema movements that succeed it, including
270:
only as a form of education. This prompted its producers the Cuarón brothers to expose the RTC ratings board, which led to the system being separated from government control. The film was released unrated in the United States, as it was feared it would receive the NC-17 rating, with the high rating also a point of condemnation against the US ratings board in
269:
in its native Mexico caused outrage, in part because of its reasoning seen as insufficient to warrant the rating but further because this rating completely bans anyone under 18 from seeing the film, which people believed was censorship as parents could not choose to allow their children to see it, if
200:
performing as a common trope; the type of gay characters in the films may fit the "in-between" type of
Richard Dyer's categories. Though showing such characters may have been considered progressive so early in film history, this is the only realization of LGBT themes and the characters were typically
340:
Alfredo Martínez Expósito writes that though a "conspicuous scarcity of gay characters and themes in
Mexican cinema" may be blamed on "a machismo-inflected patriarchy", the image of the homosexual is more likely controlled by "both the image that Mexicans have formed of his own country and the image
153:
Gay characters in
Mexican cinema have been said by Michael K. Schuessler to have started out in films as stereotypes to be ridiculed, but, in line with "the change in conception about homosexuality in Mexican culture", writes that they developed into "complex characters with psychological depth".
366:
as being expressions of queerness outside of the mainstream represented by film. Baker extends her scope to view the queering properties of these performances to be "questioning not just identity constructions, but also the way the body exists in relation to the space and time within which the
355:
politically correct term to replace the extensive lexicon of gay slurs pertaining only to Mexico, and featuring exaggerated stereotypes of typical
Mexican characters in Gabino and Doña Chuy trying to reinforce ideals of machismo, homophobia, and national identity all mixed together to Hendrix.
354:
is educated on LGBT+ matters and has a representative choice to accept a foreign gay couple as his adoptive parents, implicitly a choice allowing queerness to be introduced into national identity. This film is also noted for instructionally introducing the
English term "gay" as a modern and
245:, a Mexican performance artiste who incorporates themes of lesbianism into her works and who has been called "a perfect prototype for an emergent Queer New Latin American Cinema", were performed in 2001. In this year,
328:
Several writers analyze representations of gay characters in
Mexican cinema, or lack thereof, in relation to fitting into a national identity. In such writings, this identity goes beyond a formulation of
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Mexican women dressing for cabaret. The sparkling make-up and feathers used in shows are elaborate and performative exaggerations of feminine gender that can be used to "queer" a heteronormative space.
201:
small parts and played for comedy by being based in gender deviance. What are now considered among
Mexican LGBT+ films in the 1970s and 1980s do not include films in the related but distinct genre of
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is the genre of
Mexican film that contained the first gay characters. Dominating production in the country in the 1970s and early 1980s — around a third of Mexican films in 1981 were
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of the 1970s. After this genre of sexploitation comedy, Mexico produced films as part of the wave of Maricón cinema. In 2001, with the success of
1995:
348:
Vinodh
Venkatesh, in his writing on the role of children in Latin American LGBT+ films, also notes this theme more recently. Hendrix in 2011's
2202:"El cine gay mexicano y su impacto en la imagen nacional. Modisto de señoras (1969), Doña Herlinda y su hijo (1985), Y tu mamá también (2001)"
445:
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performances occur", suggesting that "the artists queer, subvert and re-configure expectations of heteronormativity, the whitened
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but has a structured narrative and less comedy. Films of this era in Mexico include those of Ripstein and Hermosillo, particularly
145:
Within Mexico-specific LGBT+ cinema, a conflict of homosexuality and national identity is common and a frequent topic of analysis.
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to something more inherently potentially homophobic, where homosexuality is or was traditionally conceived of as not-Mexican.
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was also released. The popularity and success across the Spanish and English speaking worlds became a trigger moment in
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is said to be a "classic" of the genre, which lasted primarily up to, though with some films produced after, 2001.
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Gay characters have appeared in Mexican cinema since the 1930s, but were not integrated until the
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2520:"From Gay Conversion Therapy to Leather Competitions: Must-See Latino Movies Playing Outfest"
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138:, Mexico propelled Latin America into a period of increased LGBT+ film production unified as
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Yo estaba ocupada encontrando respuestas, mientras tú simplemente seguías con la vida real
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2351:"Pioneering Mexican Lesbian Film Screened for the First Time Ever in the US"
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2471:"Outfest Offers a Look at the LGBTQ Community of the Americas Through Film"
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Machismo and no-rules wrestling are predominant features of Mexican culture
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México imaginado : nuevos enfoques sobre el cine (trans)nacional
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330:
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345:", which he suggests "tested the limits of national tolerance".
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that comprise a lot of Mexican gay cinema in the 21st century.
358:
Christina Elaine Baker's doctoral thesis looks at Mexican
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physique and male/female gender binaries associated with
190:. They contained characters including transvestites and
162:, calling them a "transition point" before the works of
2267:
in Cabaret and Film: Redefining Boundaries of Belonging
282:
255:, with more LGBT+ themes appearing in the mainstream.
2967:
2270:(PhD dissertation). University of Wisconsin–Madison.
1964:
New Maricón cinema : outing Latin American film
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Muchacho en la barra se masturba con rabia y osadía
2199:
1961:
742:features first same-sex couple in Mexican cinema
3027:
2312:
2310:
2234:
454:, which Alfonso also directed and which starred
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1527:No sé si cortarme las venas o dejármelas largas
2853:
2237:New Maricón Cinema: Outing Latin American Film
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2307:
1929:
102:
2064:
2378:. 13 January 1972 – via www.imdb.com.
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2549:
2290:"10 great LGBTQ+ films from Latin America"
1994:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
109:
95:
2316:
2206:Amerika: Mémoires, identités, territoires
2200:Martínez Expósito, Alfredo (2012-12-15).
2108:
2014:Crossing Sex and Gender in Latin America
2011:
319:
2282:
2038:"1976-1982: Los años de las "Ficheras""
2007:
2005:
946:written by Fiesco and Julián Hernández
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1934:. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana.
440:(bottom right) were nominated for the
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73:List of Paraguayan LGBT-related films
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2067:New Queer Cinema: The Director's Cut
2002:
1957:
1955:
1953:
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1949:
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58:List of Colombian LGBT-related films
48:List of Brazilian LGBT-related films
2898:Mantamar Beach Club Bar & Sushi
2055:
389:Category:Mexican LGBT-related films
283:Homosexuality and national identity
78:List of Peruvian LGBT-related films
43:List of Bolivian LGBT-related films
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1946:
1920:
213:Maricón cinema is similar to the
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2092:The Faber Book of Mexican Cinema
1962:Venkatesh, Vinodh (2016-09-27).
1278:7 mujeres, 1 homosexual y Carlos
970:En el paraíso no existe el dolor
419:
408:
401:
302:
295:
241:Several of the notable works of
63:List of Cuban LGBT-related films
26:
2512:
2488:
2439:
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2343:
2253:
2094:. London: Faber and Faber Ltd.
1930:Arroyo Quiroz, Claudia (2011).
2083:
2030:
1903:LGBT culture in Mexico: Cinema
1625:Yo soy felicidad de este mundo
1111:El evangelio de las maravillas
813:El chico temido de la vecindad
154:Schuessler notes the films of
1:
2873:Blue Chairs Resort by the Sea
2319:"Gay and Lesbian Mexico City"
2239:. University of Texas Press.
2115:Ebert, Roger (5 April 2002).
1913:
798:El verano de la señora Forbes
258:
755:Benjamín Escamilla Espinosa
473:was nominated for an Oscar.
7:
3036:Mexican LGBTQ-related films
2117:"Y tu mama tambien; Review"
1896:
1832:I Dream in Another Language
277:
253:Latin American LGBT+ cinema
10:
3057:
1966:(First ed.). Austin.
1357:I Will Sleep When I'm Dead
1351:short film; also known as
1224:A Thousand Clouds of Peace
1212:Jaime Humberto Hermosillo
1080:Jaime Humberto Hermosillo
1076:De noche vienes, Esmeralda
802:Jaime Humberto Hermosillo
770:Jaime Humberto Hermosillo
739:Jaime Humberto Hermosillo
626:Tres mujeres en la hoguera
614:Gilberto Martínez Solares
386:
176:
148:
20:Latin American LGBT cinema
2956:
2940:
2805:
2782:
2603:
2587:
2578:
2260:Baker, Christina (2015).
2235:Vinodh Venkatesh (2016).
2069:. Duke University Press.
1508:Instructions Not Included
734:Dona Herlinda and Her Son
689:Jaime Humberto Hermosillo
683:Appearances Are Deceptive
467:The bisexual-themed 2001
160:Jaime Humberto Hermosillo
2423:"Gay Movies from Mexico"
1801:Alejandro Andrade Pease
1641:Eisenstein in Guanajuato
1018:Strawberry and Chocolate
664:The Place Without Limits
446:Best Original Screenplay
382:
263:The 18+ rating given to
3041:LGBTQ culture in Mexico
2959:Category:LGBT in Mexico
2792:Homosexuality in Mexico
1854:Rodrigo Alvarez Flores
924:Imperio de los malditos
362:and different forms of
220:Doña Herlinda y su hijo
83:Venezuelan LGBT+ cinema
2797:Dance of the Forty-One
1666:Julio Hernández Cordón
1438:Raging Sun, Raging Sky
1426:Francisco Franco Alba
1353:Fragmento de identidad
1127:Crónica de un desayuno
894:Enrique Gómez Vadillo
879:Enrique Gómez Vadillo
864:Enrique Gómez Vadillo
817:Enrique Gómez Vadillo
751:Casos de alarma 1/SIDA
325:
237:and New Maricón Cinema
170:Early gay characters:
38:Argentine LGBT+ cinema
2948:LGBT people in Mexico
2825:Guadalajara Gay Pride
2065:B. Ruby Rich (2013).
1660:I Promise You Anarchy
1566:Sergio Tovar Velarde
834:Alejandro Jodorowsky
527:remake of the German
517:Muchachas de Uniforme
323:
2913:Palm Cabaret and Bar
2830:Mexican LGBT+ cinema
2214:10.4000/amerika.3379
2090:Wood, Jason (2006).
1549:Omar Flores Sarabia
1459:Sergio Tovar Velarde
1092:En las manos de Dios
1024:Tomás Gutiérrez Alea
651:Juan López Moctezuma
609:Satánico pandemonium
596:Alejandro Jodorowsky
572:Peluquero de señoras
448:for their 2001 film
379:and Maricón cinema.
68:Mexican LGBT+ cinema
53:Chilean LGBT+ cinema
2840:Nicho Bears and Bar
2625:Baja California Sur
1908:Nuevo Cine Mexicano
1710:Boys on the Rooftop
1598:Chucho E. Quintero
928:Christian González
890:Amsterdam boulevard
845:El día de las locas
766:Clandestino destino
523:Alfredo B. Crevenna
504:Fernando de Fuentes
123:Mexican LGBT+ films
2888:La Catrina Cantina
2376:"End of the Party"
2208:(in Spanish) (7).
1310:Temporada de patos
1040:Cilantro y perejil
955:Bienvenido-Welcome
875:Muerte en la playa
541:Modisto de señoras
530:Mädchen in Uniform
456:Gael García Bernal
326:
179:Mexican sex comedy
140:New Maricón Cinema
2965:
2964:
2936:
2935:
2923:Ritmos Beach Cafe
2835:Mexico City Pride
2778:
2777:
2496:"Macho | Netflix"
2122:Chicago Sun-Times
2012:V. Lewis (2010).
1894:
1893:
1865:Esto no es Berlín
1838:Ernesto Contreras
1813:Hazlo como hombre
1714:Julián Hernández
1682:Julián Hernández
1629:Julián Hernández
1613:Julián Hernández
1578:Perfect Obedience
1443:Julián Hernández
1408:Julián Hernández
1393:Julián Hernández
1348:Julián Hernández
1265:Julián Hernández
1160:Y Tu Mamá También
1028:Juan Carlos Tabío
991:Alejandro Pelayo
849:Eduardo Martínez
782:Mentiras piadosas
590:The Holy Mountain
470:Y Tu Mamá También
451:Y Tu Mamá También
343:Y tu mamá también
266:Y Tu Mamá También
248:Y tu mamá también
235:Y Tu Mamá También
226:Fresa y chocolate
135:Y Tu Mamá También
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2324:. Archived from
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2040:. Archived from
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2028:
2027:
2009:
2000:
1999:
1993:
1985:
1959:
1944:
1943:
1927:
1786:and Daresha Kyi
1732:Antonio Serrano
1609:Wandering Clouds
1489:A World for Raúl
1421:Quemar las Naves
1316:Fernando Eimbcke
1230:Julián Hernández
1147:Leopoldo Laborde
1116:Arturo Ripstein
1006:Oscar Blancarte
1002:Dulces compañías
787:Arturo Ripstein
705:Arturo Ripstein
577:René Cardona Jr.
558:Fin de la fiesta
546:René Cardona Jr.
498:La casa del ogro
476:
475:
458:(top right) and
432:Mexican writers
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405:
306:
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164:Julián Hernández
111:
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2855:Puerto Vallarta
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2730:San Luis Potosí
2620:Baja California
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2500:www.netflix.com
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2331:on June 7, 2011
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2317:Lonely Planet.
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2010:
2003:
1987:
1986:
1974:
1960:
1947:
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1916:
1899:
1881:Dance of the 41
1698:Roberto Fiesco
1647:Peter Greenaway
1472:La otra familia
1332:Roberto Fiesco
1249:Antonio Serrano
1197:Ernesto Rimoch
943:Roberto Fiesco
670:Arturo Ripstein
465:
464:
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436:(top left) and
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351:La otra familia
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156:Arturo Ripstein
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121:There are many
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2572:LGBT in Mexico
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2427:www.listal.com
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2101:978-0571217328
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1850:The Other Side
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2044:on 2013-08-01
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442:Academy Award
439:
438:Carlos Cuarón
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24:
21:
18:
17:
2908:Paco's Ranch
2903:Mr. Flamingo
2863:Almar Resort
2829:
2725:Quintana Roo
2528:. Retrieved
2526:. 2019-07-11
2523:
2514:
2503:. Retrieved
2499:
2490:
2479:. Retrieved
2477:. 2018-07-10
2474:
2452:, retrieved
2447:
2441:
2430:. Retrieved
2426:
2370:
2359:. Retrieved
2357:. 2017-07-26
2354:
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2326:the original
2297:. Retrieved
2293:
2284:
2266:
2262:
2255:
2236:
2230:
2205:
2126:. Retrieved
2120:
2110:
2091:
2085:
2066:
2046:. Retrieved
2042:the original
2032:
2016:. Springer.
2013:
1963:
1931:
1887:David Pablos
1879:
1864:
1849:
1830:
1811:
1796:
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1742:
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1594:Velociraptor
1593:
1576:
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1487:
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1386:
1370:
1360:
1359:; basis for
1356:
1352:
1343:
1327:
1308:
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1276:
1260:
1243:Lucía, Lucía
1241:
1222:
1208:Exxxorcismos
1207:
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1158:
1141:
1126:
1109:
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1056:
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1016:
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984:
974:Víctor Saca
969:
954:
938:
923:
912:María Novaro
904:
889:
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844:
829:Santa Sangre
827:
812:
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632:Abel Salazar
624:
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67:
2680:Mexico City
2595:Mexico City
2335:December 5,
2265:mexicanidad
1744:The Untamed
1717:short film
1701:short film
1685:short film
1616:short film
1533:Manolo Caro
1411:short film
1378:short film
1335:short film
1298:Beto Gómez
1294:Puñas rosas
1283:René Bueno
1268:short film
1178:De la calle
1142:Sin destino
1098:Zalman King
1058:Midaq Alley
482:Film title
373:mexicanidad
335:Lucha libre
274:'s review.
272:Roger Ebert
233:Post-2001:
3030:Categories
2918:Reinas Bar
2815:C.D. Muxes
2750:Tamaulipas
2705:Nuevo León
2660:Guanajuato
2530:2019-08-27
2505:2019-08-28
2481:2019-08-27
2454:2019-08-27
2432:2019-08-27
2361:2019-08-28
2048:2019-08-28
1914:References
1869:Hari Sama
1797:Cuernavaca
1561:Four Moons
1388:Broken Sky
1361:Broken Sky
1064:Jorge Fons
721:Paul Leduc
716:¿Como vés?
460:Diego Luna
387:See also:
259:In society
177:See also:
2868:Bar Frida
2845:Zona Rosa
2770:Zacatecas
2720:Querétaro
2690:Michoacán
2640:Chihuahua
2263:Queering
2222:2107-0806
2128:8 October
1990:cite book
1982:921425424
1940:815945448
1404:Bramadero
1344:Identidad
986:Miroslava
485:Director
2941:See also
2893:La Noche
2760:Veracruz
2755:Tlaxcala
2665:Guerrero
2645:Coahuila
2630:Campeche
2607:marriage
2605:Same-sex
2588:By state
2524:Remezcla
2475:Remezcla
2355:Remezcla
2272:ProQuest
1897:See also
645:Alucarda
331:machismo
278:Analysis
188:ficheras
130:ficheras
2970:Portals
2820:Exótico
2807:Culture
2784:History
2765:Yucatán
2745:Tabasco
2735:Sinaloa
2700:Nayarit
2695:Morelos
2675:Jalisco
2670:Hidalgo
2655:Durango
2635:Chiapas
2299:17 July
2276:3734161
1778:Chavela
1694:Trémulo
1454:Jet Lag
701:El Otro
434:Alfonso
377:fichera
369:mestizo
360:cabaret
215:fichera
203:fichera
184:Fichera
172:Fichera
149:History
3020:Mexico
2740:Sonora
2715:Puebla
2710:Oaxaca
2650:Colima
2580:Rights
2274:
2243:
2220:
2098:
2073:
2020:
1980:
1970:
1938:
1545:Peyote
906:Danzón
860:Machos
488:Notes
198:queens
3008:LGBTQ
2883:Garbo
2329:(PDF)
2322:(PDF)
1876:2020
1861:2018
1846:2017
1827:2017
1808:2017
1793:2017
1773:2017
1758:2017
1739:2016
1727:Macho
1722:2016
1706:2016
1690:2015
1674:2015
1655:2015
1636:2015
1621:2014
1605:2014
1590:2014
1573:2014
1556:2014
1541:2013
1522:2013
1503:2013
1484:2012
1467:2011
1450:2011
1433:2009
1416:2007
1400:2007
1383:2006
1367:2005
1340:2005
1328:David
1324:2005
1305:2004
1290:2004
1273:2004
1261:Vivir
1257:2003
1238:2003
1219:2003
1204:2002
1189:2001
1174:2001
1155:2001
1138:1999
1123:1999
1106:1997
1087:1997
1072:1997
1053:1995
1036:1995
1013:1994
998:1994
981:1993
966:1993
951:1993
935:1993
920:1992
901:1991
886:1991
871:1990
856:1990
841:1990
824:1989
809:1989
794:1988
777:1987
762:1987
747:1986
729:1985
712:1985
697:1984
678:1983
659:1978
640:1977
621:1976
604:1975
585:1973
568:1973
554:1972
537:1969
512:1951
493:1938
479:Year
383:Films
193:jotos
2984:Film
2337:2009
2301:2019
2241:ISBN
2218:ISSN
2130:2009
2096:ISBN
2071:ISBN
2018:ISBN
1996:link
1978:OCLC
1968:ISBN
1936:OCLC
1355:and
1026:and
444:for
364:drag
333:and
158:and
2294:BFI
2210:doi
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