80:
1479:
836:(all but East York were later incorporated as cities). Long Branch, New Toronto, and Mimico were absorbed back into Etobicoke; Weston was absorbed into York; Leaside into East York; and Swansea and Forest Hill, into Toronto, resulting in an unusual final situation where none of the municipalities outside the city were ever entities founded as distinct historic urban settlements in their own right. The reorganized Metropolitan Toronto adopted a flag and decal using a symbol of six rings representing the six municipalities.
2004:
115:
695:) to create the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto. The new municipality would have the power to tax real estate and borrow funds on its own. It would be responsible for arterial roads, major sewage and water facilities, regional planning, public transportation, administration of justice, metropolitan parks and housing issues as needed. The municipalities retained their individual fire and police departments, business licensing, public health and libraries.
3047:
637:, and introduced a draft bill to amalgamate Toronto and the built-up suburbs. The draft bill faced strong opposition in Toronto and was withdrawn. The government then started its own inquiry into issues of the suburbs surrounding Toronto. Through consensus, it came to the conclusion that a metropolitan municipality was the best solution. The inquiry reported in September 1939, and its conclusions were put aside for the duration of World War II.
3072:
482:
3059:
278:
63:
1277:
973:, representation on Metropolitan Toronto Council also changed and the body was expanded from 22 to 32 seats, with greater representation from the suburbs which now had 20 out of 32 seats on the body – up from 11 out of 22 with seats roughly allocated according to population. The distribution of seats was as follows. Toronto (12), North York (6), Scarborough (5), Etobicoke (4), York (3), East York (2).
664:, which required each urban municipality to have its own Planning Board. A Toronto and Suburban Planning Board was founded, under the chairmanship of James P. Maher, and the vice-chairmanship of Fred Gardiner. The Board promoted specific projects, and also promoted a suburban 'green belt', a unified system of arterial roads and the creation of a single public transit network.
699:
Party, was well-off, was felt to be beyond personal corruption. Gardiner accepted the position partly due to his friendship with Frost, and he demanded that he retain his corporate connections. He also felt that the job would be "bigger than anything he had tried before." The bill to form Metro was passed on April 2, 1953. The
Gardiner appointment was announced on April 7.
977:
members of
Etobicoke's Board of Control (the top three in terms of votes), the mayor of York and its two Controllers, the mayor of East York and one alderman, selected by East York council, the mayor of North York, all four members of North York's Board of Control, and one alderman selected by North York's council. After the Toronto Board of Control was abolished with the
644:(PCO) government was elected in 1943, with a changed policy, intending to promote economic growth through government action. Also in 1943, the first Master Plan was adopted in Toronto. It recognized that future growth would take place in the vacant land of adjacent suburbs. Planning would have to take into account the whole metropolitan area.
976:
The new Metro
Council was made up of the mayor of Toronto, two of the four members of the Toronto Board of Control, senior aldermen from the nine wards of the City of Toronto, the mayor of Scarborough and the four members of Scarborough's Board of Control, the mayor of Etobicoke and three of the four
927:
in all six municipalities produced a vote of more than 3:1 against amalgamation. However, municipal governments in Canada are creatures of the provincial governments, and referendums have little to no legal effect. The Harris government could thus legally ignore the results of the referendum, and did
682:
held hearings on the proposal, under the chairmanship of Lorne
Cumming. The Board worked until 1953, releasing its report on January 20, 1953. Cumming's report proposed a compromise solution: a two-tiered government, with the formation of a Metropolitan government, governed by a Metropolitan Council,
1255:
opened in 1965, one of its twin towers was intended for Metro
Toronto offices and the other for the City of Toronto; the two councils shared the central Council Chamber. Eventually this space proved inadequate and committee facilities and councillors' offices were relocated to an office tower at the
941:
in the provincial legislature, proposing more than 12,000 amendments that allowed residents on streets of the proposed megacity take part in public hearings on the merger and adding historical designations to the streets. This only delayed the bill's inevitable passage, given the PCO's majority. The
698:
The council would have its own chairman, selected by the province initially, then to be elected by the
Council itself after 1955. Premier Frost convinced Fred Gardiner, who still preferred amalgamation, over the metro scheme, to take the job. Gardiner was well known to Frost through the Conservative
621:
saw almost all of the towns and villages of the county become insolvent. When that happened, they were financially taken over by the province. In 1933, Henry, now the premier, appointed a formal inquiry into forming a metropolitan district. A proposal was made for
Toronto to provide several of its
1016:
The first chairman of
Metropolitan Toronto, Fred Gardiner, was appointed by the province; subsequent chairmen were elected by Metro Council itself. The Metro chairman was, for many years, an ex-officio member of the council without having to be elected to Metro Council by constituents as either a
831:
As a result of continued growth, the province reorganized Metro in 1967. The seven small towns and villages, which were no longer any denser than the surrounding areas, were merged into their surrounding municipalities. This left the City of
Toronto and the five townships, which at this time were
852:
Toronto and gradually transitioned into the more typical suburban areas of the outer municipalities (which also had such inner-city areas where they bordered
Toronto). Given that none of the boroughs originated as distinct settlements, they did not have their own downtowns. To give themselves an
708:, that created this level of government in 1953. When it took effect in 1954, the portion of York Township not yet annexed by Toronto, as well as all of Scarborough and Etobicoke Townships were incorporated as part of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto, and seceded from York County.
984:
In the City of Toronto the person who achieved the greatest number of votes in a ward was named the senior alderman. The person with the second most votes was the junior alderman. Both aldermen sat on the Toronto City Council, but only the senior alderman sat on Metro Council. With the
989:
the Metro Councillor and City Councillor in the City of Toronto were elected separately though from the same ward. The Metro Councillors still sat on both the Toronto and Metro Council, however. The suburbs retained the status quo and still did not have direct elections to Metro.
954:
Originally, members of the Metropolitan Toronto Council also sat on their respective lower-tier councils; they were not directly elected to the upper-tier council, and because Toronto councillors often voted in a bloc, inner-city issues tended to dominate.
848:, giving it a core-to-suburb continuum that ignored municipal boundaries, resulting in it having the structure of a single city. For example, most of the areas of the small inner boroughs of York and East York, were in effect, extensions of
824:, named after Gardiner. Metro also amalgamated the various police forces into one in 1956. It was a period of rapid development of the suburban municipalities of Metro. The population of Metropolitan Toronto increased from one million to 1.6
903:
platform, and promised to examine Metropolitan Toronto with an eye to eliminating it. However, in the end the Harris government announced what they saw as a superior cost-saving plan. The six municipalities of Metro Toronto would be
1001:
were abolished and Metro Councillors were elected from new Metro Wards, which were larger than the city and borough wards. Now only the mayors of the six member municipalities sat on both the upper-tier and lower-tier councils.
1021:, alderman or councillor. Beginning in 1988, the position of chairman was chosen by council members from amongst its own members (excluding mayors who could vote for Metro councillors but could no longer run for the position).
92:
1267:
The amalgamated council chose to meet at City Hall, though it temporarily met at Metro Hall while City Hall was retrofitted for the enlarged council. Metro Hall continues to be used as office space by the City of Toronto.
683:
to provide strategic functions, while existing municipalities would retain all other services. He rejected full amalgamation, citing a need to preserve 'a government which is very close to the local residents.'
613:
was the first to propose a 'metropolitan district' with its own council, separate from the city and the county, to administer shared services. He wrote a draft bill, but the government chose not to act on it.
876:
As the seats on Metro Council were reapportioned according to population, the council was now dominated by the suburban majority; but it continued to address suburban and inner city issues in equal measure.
1260:), across from City Hall; Metro Council continued to meet in the City Hall council chamber. Finally, in 1992, the Metro government moved out of Toronto City Hall altogether and into a newly constructed
675:
that only a unified municipality could measure up to the problems. In 1950, the City of Toronto Council voted to adopt an amalgamated city, while nearly all of the suburbs rejected the amalgamation.
1434:
908:
into a single-tier city of Toronto. This was a major break from the past, which had seen the core simply annex suburbs. Similar amalgamations were planned for other parts of Ontario, such as
1406:
1332:
966:(the top two finishers of the four in municipal election) and one mayor or reeve from each of the 12 suburbs, and was presided over by the Metro chairman who did not have a seat.
853:
identity distinct from the City of Toronto (which was deemed particularly important after being reincorporated as cities), North York and Scarborough built planned city centres:
1028:, although in later years some councillors (and candidates) did identify themselves explicitly as members of particular political parties. Metro councillors were elected by
598:
Prior to the formation of Metropolitan Toronto, the municipalities surrounding the central city of Toronto were all independent townships, towns and villages within
1251:
At its inception in 1953, Metro was headquartered at a six-floor building at 67 Adelaide Street East (now home to Adelaide Resource Centre for Women). When the new
981:, Toronto's contingent on Metro Council was made up of the mayor of Toronto and 11 senior aldermen – with the nine previous city wards being redrawn into 11 wards.
539:
and numerous townships, towns and villages that surrounded Toronto, which were starting to urbanize rapidly after World War II. It was commonly referred to as "
3555:
1565:
Ontario (1953). "An Act to provide for the Federation of the Municipalities in the Toronto Metropolitan Area for Certain Financial and Other Purposes, c 73".
602:. After 1912, the city no longer annexed suburbs from York Township. At times, the suburbs asked to be annexed into Toronto, but the city chose not to do so.
1117:
Metro Toronto wards established in 1988 were given names that contained the number of the ward, name of municipality and the name of the local communities:
3135:
2032:
1011:
813:
191:
1443:
operated English-language public separate schools and Les Conseil des écoles catholiques du Grand Toronto operated seven French-language Catholic schools.
630:
3110:
2020:
465:
1853:
3540:
2025:
460:
1732:
3232:
2528:
862:
79:
3535:
997:, requiring direct elections to Metro Council from all of Metro's municipalities and severing the links between the two tiers. The suburban
2961:
510:
1743:
Under Metro's guidance the urban area unfurled outwards, with very little leapfrogging, and by 1970 the area of Metro was mostly built-up.
844:
Development in Metro Toronto generally unfurled outward smoothly from the City of Toronto into the surrounding municipalities with little
2799:
667:
The Board was ineffective. Projects such as a bridge across the Don River Valley and the Spadina Road Extension (the basis for the later
3550:
816:
from 1953 until the end of 1961. During his tenure, Metro built numerous infrastructure projects, including the opening of the first
641:
693:
An Act to provide for the Federation of the Municipalities in the Toronto Metropolitan Area for Certain Financial and Other Purposes
3020:
2656:
820:
line, start of construction of the second subway line, water and sewage treatment facilities, rental housing for the aged and the
3545:
2692:
1430:
1018:
998:
660:, now promoted the idea of ambitious new programs to lay the capital infrastructure for growth. In 1946, the province passed the
3184:
3165:
3103:
3015:
2585:
2290:
1382:
114:
551:
2880:
2598:
1831:
1386:
1075:
17:
3486:
2555:
2407:
2295:
2140:
1755:
1555:
450:
402:
3225:
3160:
2464:
1061:
2533:
2209:
1440:
969:
With the 1966 election, as the result of the reorganization of the 13 municipalities into the City of Toronto and five
702:
In Canada, the creation of municipalities falls under provincial jurisdiction. Thus it was provincial legislation, the
455:
1792:"Etobicoke adds new mayor's face to Metro Council: Metro Council will be more alert to public opinion", Baker, Alden.
3530:
3241:
3096:
2816:
2285:
2125:
1940:
1536:
3145:
3010:
2867:
2199:
2175:
2147:
2095:
1566:
1378:
942:
amalgamation would take place effective January 1, 1998, at which time the new City of Toronto (legal successor of
558:
503:
367:
91:
1772:
671:) were rejected by the local municipalities. Gardiner, elected as chairman of the board in 1949, wrote to Premier
3170:
3027:
2841:
2794:
2731:
2645:
2486:
2452:
1906:
994:
986:
978:
959:
3218:
2809:
2753:
2545:
2042:
1422:
1365:
173:
3525:
3179:
3088:
3062:
2777:
2580:
2417:
2157:
1418:
892:
565:. The boundaries of present-day Toronto are the same as those of Metropolitan Toronto upon its dissolution:
3210:
2804:
2758:
2518:
2238:
2180:
2115:
2110:
2100:
2065:
1414:
1410:
711:
387:
377:
183:
84:
1859:
2661:
2615:
2397:
2218:
2037:
1993:
496:
470:
257:
3189:
3150:
2966:
2875:
2784:
2743:
2523:
2496:
2185:
1738:
1426:
1301:
3005:
2988:
2858:
2764:
2697:
2591:
2474:
2190:
1397:
2885:
2831:
2726:
2344:
2152:
1988:
1502:
1065:
963:
935:
723:
704:
3249:
2738:
2479:
2359:
2322:
2280:
2223:
2214:
2195:
1983:
1968:
1896:
1507:
1492:
1458:
1041:
905:
900:
886:
858:
679:
424:
414:
3175:
2983:
2687:
2540:
2422:
2332:
2233:
2204:
2105:
1869:
1393:
1336:
1295:
854:
3315:
3140:
2943:
2907:
2666:
2513:
2504:
2349:
2337:
2228:
1933:
866:
817:
626:
606:
582:
528:
1291:
Metro Toronto Welfare and Social Services (Welfare, homes for the aged, children's services)
920:
3462:
3411:
3401:
2704:
2625:
2565:
2447:
2265:
2257:
2003:
1885:
1497:
1284:
The following is a list of services that were funded and provided by the Metro government:
1264:
at 55 John Street, which was designed by Brisbin Brook Beynon Architects (BBB Architects).
1079:
1056:
845:
786:
762:
754:
647:
599:
532:
236:
147:
28:
8:
3380:
3194:
3120:
2931:
2620:
2441:
2432:
2327:
1349:
1069:
930:
821:
574:
919:
The announcement touched off vociferous public objections to what the media termed the "
3336:
3320:
3291:
3278:
3261:
2976:
2971:
2936:
2848:
2836:
2748:
2718:
2651:
2412:
2384:
2369:
2364:
2317:
2243:
2120:
2085:
2012:
1963:
1029:
801:
715:
668:
294:
266:
691:
The Frost government moved immediately and on February 25, 1953, introduced the bill (
3328:
3307:
2826:
2509:
2459:
2402:
2275:
1551:
1532:
1314:
1252:
962:, Metropolitan Toronto Council consisted of the mayor of Toronto, two members of the
913:
870:
766:
226:
714:
had its inaugural meeting on April 15, 1953, and was made up of the Metro chairman,
622:
services to the suburbs as well. The inquiry died with the defeat of Henry in 1934.
3426:
3286:
3050:
2914:
2789:
2469:
2354:
2302:
2270:
2075:
1926:
1464:
1357:
1353:
797:
793:
792:
Metropolitan Toronto had planning authority over the surrounding townships such as
758:
719:
618:
347:
938:
3431:
3367:
3349:
2993:
2772:
2671:
2635:
2374:
2312:
2307:
2135:
1978:
1973:
1307:
746:
610:
570:
445:
397:
2070:
62:
3299:
3076:
2890:
2640:
2630:
2090:
1052:
1025:
731:
657:
650:
578:
486:
357:
3118:
3519:
3501:
3488:
3472:
3385:
3359:
2821:
2550:
1484:
1400:
and provided coordination between the municipal public libraries within Metro
1361:
1298:
and retains the Metropolitan Toronto Police Force's coat of arms in its logo)
1106:
1048:
869:
had historic cores and whose inner areas were well separated from inner-city
774:
653:
243:
222:
3240:
1342:
Metro Toronto Ambulance (renamed Toronto Ambulance Service (TAS) then later
861:
respectively. This pattern was in contrast to other metropolitan areas like
3354:
3341:
2998:
1759:
1513:
1093:
1084:
672:
566:
3467:
3421:
3199:
1529:
Big Daddy: Frederick G. Gardiner and the Building of Metropolitan Toronto
1452:
1343:
943:
899:
campaigned on reducing the level of government in Ontario as part of his
896:
738:
727:
634:
536:
304:
3457:
3372:
3155:
2902:
2392:
1516:– a metropolitan area that resembles it in terms of its regional status
1276:
1261:
1257:
1102:
1088:
924:
849:
778:
196:
67:
1087:(1973–1984) – former alderman and Metro Councillor for the Borough of
3452:
3447:
2897:
2080:
2060:
1409:
consisted of six public secular school boards and one French entity:
1097:
804:, although these areas did not have representation on Metro Council.
782:
770:
217:
1447:
In addition, the following agencies were Metro government agencies:
1374:
disposal (but not collection, which was a lower-tier responsibility)
1704:"Inaugural Meeting April 15 Large Sums To Be Needed For Services".
970:
1918:
3406:
3245:
1949:
833:
750:
656:, who was politically well-connected to newly elected PC premier
562:
324:
158:
136:
737:
Metro Toronto was composed of the City of Toronto, the towns of
277:
3416:
1377:
Social services, hostels, public housing, children's services:
1306:
Metro Toronto Parks and Property (Regional parks including the
909:
742:
2919:
561:
of Metropolitan Toronto and its constituents into the current
2926:
1371:
535:
in Ontario, Canada, from 1953 to 1998. It was made up of the
1105:(1987–1997) – Metro Councillor from and former mayor of the
1550:. Madeira Park, British Columbia: Douglas & McIntyre.
993:
The Province of Ontario changed this arrangement with the
1461:(formerly the O'Keefe Centre and the Hummingbird Centre)
1024:
As usual in Ontario municipalities, these councils were
119:
Location of Metropolitan Toronto in Greater Toronto Area
1682:
1670:
1622:
1610:
1600:
1598:
1658:
1712:
1634:
1474:
1012:
Chairman of the Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto
1646:
1595:
1583:
1192:Metro Toronto Ward 16 – Scarborough Highland Creek
1734:Toronto: Transformations in A City and its Region
1531:. Toronto, Ontario: University of Toronto Press.
1280:A Metropolitan Toronto plaque on a city overpass.
1256:southwest corner of Bay and Richmond Street (390
3517:
1796:(1936–2016); Toronto, Ont. December 6, 1966: 37.
1809:(1936–2016); Toronto, Ont. December 5, 1960: 6.
1189:Metro Toronto Ward 15 – Scarborough City Centre
1822:(1936–2016); Toronto, Ont. December 9, 1964: 5
1164:Metro Toronto Ward 9 – North York Centre South
718:, who had been appointed by the province; the
3556:Mergers of administrative divisions in Canada
3226:
3104:
1934:
1195:Metro Toronto Ward 17 – Scarborough Agincourt
504:
1699:
1697:
1385:, and Metro Toronto Housing Authority (now
1246:
1198:Metro Toronto Ward 18 – Scarborough Malvern
1186:Metro Toronto Ward 14 – Scarborough Wexford
3233:
3219:
3111:
3097:
1941:
1927:
1310:, waterfront park and valley park systems)
1183:Metro Toronto Ward 13 – Scarborough Bluffs
1145:Metro Toronto Ward 5 – Rexdale-Thistletown
1142:Metro Toronto Ward 4 – Markland Centennial
1136:Metro Toronto Ward 2 – Lakeshore-Queensway
1040:From the inception of Metro Toronto until
511:
497:
1708:. Toronto, Ont. April 8, 1953. p. 1.
1694:
1167:Metro Toronto Ward 10 – North York Centre
1161:Metro Toronto Ward 8 – North York Spadina
1035:
642:Progressive Conservative Party of Ontario
1855:Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto Act
1788:
1786:
1275:
1155:Metro Toronto Ward 6 – North York Humber
3541:Populated places disestablished in 1998
1756:Toronto's struggle against amalgamation
1664:
1564:
1211:Metro Toronto Ward 20 – Trinity-Spadina
14:
3518:
2586:Toronto Catholic District School Board
1818:"Dual Role: Metro's 2-Hatted 2 Dozen"
1718:
1688:
1676:
1652:
1640:
1628:
1616:
1604:
1589:
1545:
1526:
1383:Metro Toronto Hostel Services Division
1173:Metro Toronto Ward 12 – Seneca Heights
1139:Metro Toronto Ward 3 – Kingsway-Humber
1044:, there were six chairmen altogether:
949:
839:
3214:
3092:
2599:Conseil scolaire catholique MonAvenir
1922:
1832:"Sony Centre for the Performing Arts"
1783:
1730:
1387:Toronto Community Housing Corporation
1242:Metro Toronto Ward 28 – York Eglinton
1217:Metro Toronto Ward 22 – North Toronto
958:From its inception in 1953 until the
807:
730:; and the twelve suburban mayors and
3536:Populated places established in 1953
1294:Metro Toronto Police (since renamed
1229:Metro Toronto Ward 26 – East Toronto
828:million by the time he left office.
640:Two factors changed in the 1940s. A
525:Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto
56:Municipality of Metropolitan Toronto
3058:
2244:Ken Lee's stabbing of December 2022
1948:
1867:
1851:
1568:Statutes of the Province of Ontario
1239:Metro Toronto Ward 27 – York Humber
1170:Metro Toronto Ward 11 – Don Parkway
1064:(1962–1969) – former member of the
629:Ontario government named the first
593:
36:Dissolved region in Ontario, Canada
24:
1901:April 2, 1953 – December 31, 1997
1441:Metropolitan Separate School Board
1158:Metro Toronto Ward 7 – Black Creek
25:
3567:
3551:1998 disestablishments in Ontario
1845:
1754:Chidley, Joe; Hawelshka, Danilo.
1407:Metropolitan Toronto School Board
1360:and distribution; now split into
1226:Metro Toronto Ward 25 – Don River
1214:Metro Toronto Ward 21 – Davenport
1208:Metro Toronto Ward 19 – High Park
1005:
212:630 km (240 sq mi)
3070:
3057:
3046:
3045:
2657:Université de l'Ontario français
2529:Parks, Forestry & Recreation
2002:
1477:
1379:Metro Toronto Community Services
1223:Metro Toronto Ward 24 – Downtown
1126:Metro Toronto Ward 1 – East York
726:; nine senior aldermen from the
480:
276:
113:
90:
78:
61:
3028:Toronto Transportation Services
2646:Toronto Metropolitan University
1825:
1812:
1799:
1765:
1748:
1724:
1398:Metro Toronto Reference Library
1396:), which directly operated the
1392:The Metro Toronto Library (now
1333:Metro Toronto Roads and Traffic
1220:Metro Toronto Ward 23 – Midtown
987:1985 Toronto municipal election
979:1969 Toronto municipal election
928:so in April when it tabled the
880:
466:Oldest buildings and structures
3546:1953 establishments in Ontario
2176:Second Amalgamation of Toronto
1897:Governing authority of Toronto
1366:Toronto Solid Waste Management
1177:
1096:(1984–1987) – former mayor of
1078:(1969–1973) – former mayor of
13:
1:
2581:Toronto District School Board
2418:Toronto Region Board of Trade
2158:First Amalgamation of Toronto
2096:Battle of Montgomery's Tavern
1805:"Metro's Day, Metro's Duty",
1777:Canadian Parliamentary Review
1520:
1288:Economic Development Division
1149:
631:minister of municipal affairs
368:Battle of Montgomery's Tavern
2955:infrastructure, and services
2556:Works and Emergency Services
2181:2003 Etobicoke gas explosion
2066:Toronto Carrying-Place Trail
1548:Toronto: Biography of a City
1130:
1120:
722:; Toronto's two most senior
712:Metropolitan Toronto Council
686:
388:Second Great Fire of Toronto
184:Metropolitan Toronto Council
7:
2662:University of Guelph-Humber
1527:Colton, Timothy J. (1980).
1470:
1271:
471:Timeline of Toronto history
378:First Great Fire of Toronto
10:
3572:
3151:Emergency Medical Services
2876:Toronto Transit Commission
2186:Northeast blackout of 2003
1739:University of Pennsylvania
1302:Toronto Transit Commission
1202:
1009:
884:
678:From 1950 until 1951, the
588:
174:Council–manager government
26:
3440:
3394:
3268:
3256:
3131:
3040:
2952:
2866:
2857:
2717:
2698:Toronto Reference Library
2680:
2608:
2592:Conseil scolaire Viamonde
2573:
2564:
2495:
2431:
2383:
2256:
2239:2020–22 COVID-19 pandemic
2166:
2051:
2011:
2000:
1956:
1903:
1894:
1882:
1836:The Canadian Encyclopedia
451:History of Neighbourhoods
233:
216:
208:
203:
189:
179:
169:
164:
153:
142:
132:
124:
112:
104:
74:
60:
55:
48:
41:
3531:Urban planning in Canada
3185:Roads and Transportation
1576:
1503:Montreal Urban Community
1313:Metro Toronto Planning (
1247:City Hall and Metro Hall
1112:
964:Toronto Board of Control
923:" plan. In March 1997 a
893:1995 provincial election
865:, where suburbs such as
705:Metropolitan Toronto Act
27:Not to be confused with
2732:Asian events in Toronto
2281:Great Lakes megalopolis
2215:2015 Pan American Games
2196:2010 G20 Toronto summit
2106:Orange Order ascendency
2033:National Historic Sites
1510:– see entry on Bill 103
1508:Common Sense Revolution
1493:Amalgamation of Toronto
1451:Metro Toronto Zoo (now
1435:French Language Section
1329:Metro Toronto Personnel
1233:
995:1988 municipal election
960:1966 municipal election
946:) came into existence.
901:Common Sense Revolution
887:Amalgamation of Toronto
859:Scarborough City Centre
680:Ontario Municipal Board
2765:Let's All Hate Toronto
2754:Fiction set in Toronto
2688:Toronto Public Library
2546:Solid Waste Management
2423:Toronto Stock Exchange
2219:Parapan American Games
2210:Rob Ford video scandal
2205:Danzig Street shooting
2191:2008 propane explosion
2126:Centennial of the City
1871:Metro Toronto Act 1954
1731:Relph, Edward (2014).
1546:Levine, Allan (2014).
1394:Toronto Public Library
1337:Toronto Transportation
1320:Metro Toronto Treasury
1296:Toronto Police Service
1281:
1036:List of Metro chairmen
855:North York City Centre
581:to the north, and the
446:Etymology of 'Toronto'
3242:Former municipalities
2953:Other transportation,
2944:Durham Region Transit
2908:Union Pearson Express
2868:Public transportation
2778:Films shot in Toronto
2667:University of Toronto
2514:Toronto Public Health
2148:Cancelled expressways
2043:Former municipalities
1773:"Legislative Reports"
1279:
1051:(1953–1962) – former
325:Toronto (Amalgamated)
235: • Summer (
18:Metro Toronto Council
3526:Metropolitan Toronto
3125:Metropolitan Toronto
2759:Films set in Toronto
2705:Toronto Tool Library
2626:George Brown College
2487:Municipal government
2266:Greater Toronto Area
2116:1918 anti-Greek riot
1994:Notable Torontonians
1498:Greater Toronto Area
533:municipal government
315:Metropolitan Toronto
107:Metro, Metro Toronto
43:Metropolitan Toronto
29:Greater Toronto Area
3502:43.7072°N 79.3805°W
3498: /
2932:York Region Transit
2442:City of Toronto Act
2234:2020 machete attack
2198:and the associated
1571:. pp. 405–502.
1403:Metro Toronto Audit
1350:Metro Toronto Works
1326:Metro Toronto Legal
1323:Metro Toronto Clerk
950:Political structure
931:City of Toronto Act
840:Development pattern
822:Gardiner Expressway
554:City of Toronto Act
537:old city of Toronto
425:Second Amalgamation
3190:Transit Commission
3161:Homes for the Aged
3146:Community Services
3077:Ontario portal
2837:Labour Day Classic
2652:Tyndale University
2648:(formerly Ryerson)
2616:Centennial College
2534:Recreation Centres
2524:Paramedic Services
2398:Financial District
2370:Scarborough Bluffs
2365:Leslie Street Spit
2229:2018 mass shooting
2121:Christie Pits riot
2111:Great Fire of 1904
2101:Great Fire of 1849
1864:(Repealed in 2000)
1862:on April 28, 2004.
1820:The Globe and Mail
1807:The Globe and Mail
1794:The Globe and Mail
1706:The Globe and Mail
1282:
936:opposition parties
863:Hamilton-Wentworth
808:Growth and mergers
753:; the villages of
716:Frederick Gardiner
669:Spadina Expressway
487:Ontario portal
415:First Amalgamation
209: • Total
105:Nickname(s):
3507:43.7072; -79.3805
3481:
3480:
3208:
3207:
3171:Parks and Culture
3086:
3085:
3036:
3035:
2989:Parking Authority
2800:Places of worship
2713:
2712:
2574:Primary/secondary
2276:Ontario Peninsula
2252:
2251:
1917:
1916:
1904:Succeeded by
1762:, March 17, 1997.
1691:, pp. 72–73.
1679:, pp. 71–72.
1631:, pp. 60–61.
1619:, pp. 58–59.
1315:Regional planning
1253:Toronto City Hall
999:boards of control
939:held a filibuster
832:re-designated as
609:cabinet minister
559:1998 amalgamation
521:
520:
433:
432:
406:
333:
332:
250:
249:
180: • Body
170: • Type
16:(Redirected from
3563:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3499:
3496:
3495:
3494:
3491:
3235:
3228:
3221:
3212:
3211:
3113:
3106:
3099:
3090:
3089:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3061:
3060:
3049:
3048:
2915:Brampton Transit
2864:
2863:
2693:List of branches
2571:
2570:
2271:Golden Horseshoe
2153:Board of Control
2076:Toronto Purchase
2049:
2048:
2021:Oldest buildings
2006:
1943:
1936:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1912:
1891:
1883:Preceded by
1880:
1879:
1875:
1863:
1858:. Archived from
1839:
1829:
1823:
1816:
1810:
1803:
1797:
1790:
1781:
1780:
1769:
1763:
1752:
1746:
1745:
1728:
1722:
1716:
1710:
1709:
1701:
1692:
1686:
1680:
1674:
1668:
1662:
1656:
1650:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1626:
1620:
1614:
1608:
1602:
1593:
1587:
1572:
1561:
1557:978-1-77100022-2
1542:
1487:
1482:
1481:
1480:
1465:Exhibition Place
1358:water filtration
1354:Sewage treatment
1066:Board of Control
1062:William R. Allen
827:
720:mayor of Toronto
625:In the 1930s, a
619:Great Depression
594:City and suburbs
513:
506:
499:
485:
484:
483:
400:
348:Toronto Purchase
344:
343:
291:
290:
280:
270:
252:
251:
240:
117:
94:
82:
65:
50:Dissolved region
39:
38:
21:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3562:
3561:
3560:
3516:
3515:
3506:
3504:
3500:
3497:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3485:
3484:
3482:
3477:
3436:
3390:
3264:
3252:
3239:
3209:
3204:
3166:Hostel Services
3127:
3119:Government and
3117:
3087:
3082:
3071:
3069:
3032:
2954:
2948:
2853:
2773:Hollywood North
2709:
2676:
2672:York University
2636:OCAD University
2604:
2560:
2497:Public services
2491:
2427:
2379:
2375:Villiers Island
2313:Toronto Islands
2248:
2224:2018 van attack
2168:
2162:
2136:Hurricane Hazel
2053:
2047:
2007:
1998:
1964:General outline
1952:
1950:City of Toronto
1947:
1913:
1910:
1909:
1907:City of Toronto
1900:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1848:
1843:
1842:
1830:
1826:
1817:
1813:
1804:
1800:
1791:
1784:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1753:
1749:
1729:
1725:
1717:
1713:
1703:
1702:
1695:
1687:
1683:
1675:
1671:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1647:
1639:
1635:
1627:
1623:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1596:
1588:
1584:
1579:
1558:
1539:
1523:
1483:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1308:Toronto Islands
1274:
1249:
1236:
1205:
1180:
1152:
1133:
1123:
1115:
1076:Albert Campbell
1070:City of Toronto
1038:
1014:
1008:
952:
889:
883:
842:
825:
810:
728:City of Toronto
689:
611:George S. Henry
596:
591:
571:Etobicoke Creek
563:City of Toronto
550:Passage of the
517:
481:
479:
456:Historic places
398:Hurricane Hazel
305:City of Toronto
268:
261:
234:
120:
108:
100:
99:
98:
97:
88:
87:
70:
51:
44:
37:
32:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3569:
3559:
3558:
3553:
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3528:
3479:
3478:
3476:
3475:
3470:
3465:
3460:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3442:
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3435:
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3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3409:
3404:
3398:
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3383:
3375:
3370:
3362:
3357:
3352:
3344:
3339:
3331:
3323:
3318:
3310:
3302:
3300:Seaton Village
3294:
3289:
3281:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3260:
3258:
3254:
3253:
3238:
3237:
3230:
3223:
3215:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3176:Police Service
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3129:
3128:
3123:of the former
3116:
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3108:
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3093:
3084:
3083:
3081:
3080:
3066:
3054:
3041:
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2905:
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2861:
2859:Transportation
2855:
2854:
2852:
2851:
2846:
2845:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2832:Amateur sports
2824:
2819:
2817:Shopping malls
2814:
2813:
2812:
2807:
2797:
2792:
2787:
2782:
2781:
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2770:
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2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2641:Seneca College
2638:
2633:
2631:Humber College
2628:
2623:
2621:Collège Boréal
2618:
2612:
2610:
2609:Post-secondary
2606:
2605:
2603:
2602:
2595:
2588:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2568:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2548:
2543:
2538:
2537:
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2516:
2507:
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2477:
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2340:
2335:
2330:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2293:
2286:Neighbourhoods
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2246:
2241:
2236:
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2207:
2202:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2172:
2170:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2144:
2143:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2091:Battle of York
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2046:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2017:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2001:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1960:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1946:
1945:
1938:
1931:
1923:
1915:
1914:
1911:(1998–present)
1905:
1902:
1893:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1876:(revised 1988)
1865:
1847:
1846:External links
1844:
1841:
1840:
1824:
1811:
1798:
1782:
1764:
1747:
1723:
1711:
1693:
1681:
1669:
1667:, p. 405.
1657:
1645:
1643:, p. 204.
1633:
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1100:
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1059:
1037:
1034:
1010:Main article:
1007:
1006:Metro chairman
1004:
951:
948:
885:Main article:
882:
879:
841:
838:
814:Metro chairman
809:
806:
688:
685:
635:David A. Croll
595:
592:
590:
587:
579:Steeles Avenue
569:to the south,
519:
518:
516:
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461:Lost buildings
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358:Battle of York
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3405:
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3399:
3397:
3393:
3387:
3386:North Toronto
3384:
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2728:
2727:Annual events
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2131:Metro Toronto
2129:
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2024:
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2019:
2018:
2016:
2014:
2010:
2005:
1995:
1992:
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1989:Sister cities
1987:
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1980:
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1721:, p. 93.
1720:
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1655:, p. 70.
1654:
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1642:
1637:
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1607:, p. 56.
1606:
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1591:
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1538:0-8020-2393-2
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1049:Fred Gardiner
1047:
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1017:local mayor,
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895:, PCO leader
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654:Fred Gardiner
652:
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623:
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584:
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541:Metro Toronto
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40:
34:
30:
19:
3483:
3377:
3364:
3355:West Toronto
3346:
3342:East Toronto
3333:
3325:
3316:Bedford Park
3312:
3304:
3296:
3283:
3275:
3262:Town of York
3250:amalgamation
3124:
3068:
3056:
3044:
2999:PortsToronto
2984:Island Ferry
2842:Sports teams
2795:Music venues
2763:
2739:Architecture
2597:
2590:
2448:City Council
2440:
2360:Native trees
2333:Humber River
2291:Demographics
2130:
2071:Fort Rouillé
1984:Coat of arms
1969:Demographics
1895:
1870:
1860:the original
1854:
1835:
1827:
1819:
1814:
1806:
1801:
1793:
1776:
1767:
1750:
1742:
1733:
1726:
1714:
1705:
1684:
1672:
1665:Ontario 1953
1660:
1648:
1636:
1624:
1612:
1585:
1567:
1547:
1528:
1514:Metro Manila
1446:
1283:
1266:
1250:
1116:
1107:City of York
1094:Dennis Flynn
1085:Paul Godfrey
1042:amalgamation
1039:
1026:non-partisan
1023:
1015:
992:
983:
975:
968:
957:
953:
929:
918:
890:
881:Amalgamation
875:
867:Stoney Creek
846:leapfrogging
843:
830:
811:
791:
736:
710:
703:
701:
697:
692:
690:
677:
673:Leslie Frost
666:
662:Planning Act
661:
646:
639:
624:
616:
604:
597:
567:Lake Ontario
553:
549:
544:
540:
524:
522:
314:
295:Town of York
143:Incorporated
33:
3505: /
3463:Scarborough
3422:New Toronto
3412:Long Branch
3402:Forest Hill
3248:by year of
3063:WikiProject
3021:North–South
2408:Skyscrapers
2338:Rouge River
1890:(1834–1953)
1886:York County
1719:Colton 1980
1689:Colton 1980
1677:Colton 1980
1653:Colton 1980
1641:Levine 2014
1629:Colton 1980
1617:Colton 1980
1605:Colton 1980
1590:Colton 1980
1453:Toronto Zoo
1423:Scarborough
1372:solid waste
1344:Toronto EMS
1178:Scarborough
1080:Scarborough
1057:Forest Hill
944:Old Toronto
906:amalgamated
897:Mike Harris
787:Scarborough
763:Forest Hill
755:Long Branch
739:New Toronto
724:controllers
658:George Drew
648:Forest Hill
600:York County
583:Rouge River
575:Highway 427
557:caused the
319:(1954–1998)
309:(1834–1954)
299:(1793–1834)
267:History of
148:York County
3520:Categories
3493:79°22′50″W
3490:43°42′26″N
3458:North York
3381:Moore Park
3373:Earlscourt
3368:Dovercourt
3350:Bracondale
3321:Davisville
3156:Metro Hall
2977:Bike Share
2903:GO Transit
2886:Streetcars
2810:Synagogues
2393:Bay Street
2318:Waterfront
1521:References
1419:North York
1262:Metro Hall
1258:Bay Street
1150:North York
1103:Alan Tonks
1089:North York
1019:controller
925:referendum
850:inner city
779:North York
529:upper-tier
197:Alan Tonks
165:Government
157:1998 into
146:1953 from
68:Metro Hall
3453:Etobicoke
3448:East York
3337:Deer Park
3292:Riverdale
3279:Yorkville
3269:1883–1912
3016:East–West
2898:Metrolinx
2785:Landmarks
2681:Libraries
2566:Education
2519:Hospitals
2465:Elections
2460:City Hall
2328:Don River
2323:Waterways
2258:Geography
2081:Fort York
2061:Teiaiagon
1868:Ontario.
1852:Ontario.
1760:Maclean's
1415:Etobicoke
1411:East York
1131:Etobicoke
1121:East York
1098:Etobicoke
1030:plurality
802:Pickering
783:East York
771:Etobicoke
767:townships
687:Formation
605:In 1924,
531:level of
244:UTC−04:00
223:UTC−05:00
218:Time zone
154:Dissolved
3360:Wychwood
3329:Rosedale
3308:Parkdale
3287:Brockton
3121:politics
3051:Category
2962:Airports
2805:Churches
2433:Politics
2303:Downtown
2200:protests
2038:Timeline
1957:Features
1471:See also
1433:and the
1272:Services
1068:for the
971:boroughs
921:megacity
914:Hamilton
871:Hamilton
834:boroughs
765:and the
258:a series
256:Part of
192:Chairman
133:Province
3468:Toronto
3427:Swansea
3407:Leaside
3246:Toronto
3141:Council
3011:Contour
2972:Cycling
2967:Bridges
2849:Tourism
2749:Cuisine
2744:Cinemas
2719:Culture
2453:Speaker
2413:Tourism
2385:Economy
2350:Ravines
2308:Harbour
2296:History
2141:effects
2013:History
1427:Toronto
1203:Toronto
934:. Both
891:In the
798:Markham
794:Vaughan
759:Swansea
751:Leaside
627:Liberal
607:Ontario
589:History
527:was an
403:effects
285:History
269:Toronto
159:Toronto
137:Ontario
125:Country
3432:Weston
3417:Mimico
3136:Chairs
2891:Subway
2827:Sports
2541:Police
2510:Health
2480:Deputy
2403:Hotels
2167:Since
2052:Before
1554:
1535:
910:Ottawa
826:
818:subway
800:, and
785:, and
747:Weston
743:Mimico
732:reeves
543:" or "
338:Events
260:on the
199:(last)
128:Canada
3378:1912:
3365:1910:
3347:1909:
3334:1908:
3326:1905:
3313:1890:
3305:1889:
3297:1888:
3284:1884:
3276:1883:
3195:Works
3180:Board
3006:Roads
2927:MiWay
2881:Buses
2822:Slang
2790:Media
2551:Water
2470:Mayor
2355:Fauna
2345:Parks
1577:Notes
1335:(now
1113:Wards
1053:Reeve
651:reeve
552:1997
545:Metro
438:Other
246:(DST)
3473:York
3441:1998
3395:1967
3257:1834
3178:and
2994:Port
2937:viva
2512:and
2505:Fire
2475:List
2169:1998
2086:York
2054:1998
2026:Lost
1979:Flag
1974:Name
1552:ISBN
1533:ISBN
1431:York
1364:and
1234:York
912:and
857:and
775:York
761:and
749:and
617:The
573:and
523:The
429:1998
419:1967
409:1954
392:1904
382:1849
372:1837
362:1813
352:1787
204:Area
96:Seal
85:Flag
3244:of
3200:Zoo
2920:Züm
1055:of
769:of
547:".
237:DST
227:EST
3522::
1834:.
1785:^
1775:.
1758:.
1741:.
1737:.
1696:^
1597:^
1429:,
1425:,
1421:,
1417:,
1413:,
1381:,
1356:,
1032:.
916:.
873:.
796:,
789:.
781:,
777:,
773:,
757:,
745:,
741:,
734:.
633:,
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3220:v
3112:e
3105:t
3098:v
2217:/
1942:e
1935:t
1928:v
1874:.
1838:.
1779:.
1560:.
1541:.
1455:)
1437:.
1389:)
1368:)
1352:(
1346:)
1339:)
1317:)
1072:.
512:e
505:t
498:v
405:)
401:(
239:)
229:)
225:(
31:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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