423:
phrase "fishing for information" transfers the concept of fishing into a new domain. If someone is "fishing" for information, we do not imagine that the person is anywhere near the ocean; rather, we transpose elements of the action of fishing (waiting, hoping to catch something that cannot be seen, probing, and most importantly, trying) into a new domain (a conversation). Thus, metaphors work by presenting a target set of meanings and using them to suggest a similarity between items, actions, or events in two domains, whereas metonymy calls up or references a specific domain (here, removing items from the sea).
78:
661:
937:
36:
383:(association) between two concepts, whereas the term "metaphor" is based upon their analogous similarity. When people use metonymy, they do not typically wish to transfer qualities from one referent to another as they do with metaphor. There is nothing press-like about reporters or crown-like about a monarch, but "the press" and "the crown" are both common metonyms.
1097:
intermediary stage between the decline of
Romanticism and the rise of symbolism and is opposed to both. Following the path of contiguous relationships, the realistic author metonymically digresses from the plot to the atmosphere and from the characters to the setting in space and time. He is fond of synecdochic details. In the scene of
1148:'s 1925 painting "Photo: This is the Color of My Dreams" has the word "photo" to represent the image of his dreams. This painting comes from a series of paintings called peintures-poésies (paintings-poems) which reflect Miró's interest in dreams and the subconscious and the relationship of words, images, and thoughts.
1068:
relationship with other words. We understand and then call the word by a name that it is associated with. "Perceived as such then metonymy will be a figure of speech in which there is a process of abstracting a relation of proximity between two words to the extent that one will be used in place of another."
1096:
The primacy of the metaphoric process in the literary schools of
Romanticism and symbolism has been repeatedly acknowledged, but it is still insufficiently realized that it is the predominance of metonymy which underlies and actually predetermines the so-called 'realistic' trend, which belongs to an
1041:
and rhetoricians thought that metaphors were the primary figurative language used in rhetoric. Metaphors served as a better means to attract the audience's attention because the audience had to read between the lines in order to get an understanding of what the speaker was trying to say. Others did
481:
A physical item, place, or body part used to refer to a related concept, such as "the bench" for the judicial profession, "stomach" or "belly" for appetite or hunger, "mouth" for speech, being "in diapers" for infancy, "palate" for taste, "the altar" or "the aisle" for marriage, "hand" for someone's
489:
Tools/instruments: Often a tool is used to signify the job it does or the person who does the job, as in the phrase "his
Rolodex is long and valuable" (referring to the Rolodex instrument, which keeps contact business cards, meaning he has a lot of contacts and knows many people). Also "the press"
446:"lend me your ear" metaphorically to mean "turn your ear in my direction", since it is known that, literally lending a body part is nonsensical. Then, analyze the motion of ears metonymically – we associate "turning ears" with "paying attention", which is what the speaker wants the listeners to do.
438:
Imagine the whole phrase literally – imagine that the speaker literally borrows the listener's ear as a physical object (and the person's head with it). Then the speaker has temporary possession of the listener's ear, so the listener has granted the speaker temporary control over what the listener
386:
Some uses of figurative language may be understood as both metonymy and metaphor; for example, the relationship between "a crown" and a "king" could be interpreted metaphorically (i.e., the king, like his gold crown, could be seemingly stiff yet ultimately malleable, over-ornate, and consistently
422:
Two examples using the term "fishing" help clarify the distinction. The phrase "to fish pearls" uses metonymy, drawing from "fishing" the idea of taking things from the ocean. What is carried across from "fishing fish" to "fishing pearls" is the domain of metonymy. In contrast, the metaphorical
1067:
states metonymy as, "the figure which draws from an object closely akin or associated an expression suggesting the object meant, but not called by its own name." The author describes the process of metonymy to us saying that we first figure out what a word means. We then figure out that word's
434:
Analyze "ear" metonymically first – "ear" means "attention" (because people use ears to pay attention to each other's speech). Now, when we hear the phrase "Talk to him; you have his ear", it symbolizes he will listen to you or that he will pay attention to you. Another phrase "lending an ear
450:
It is difficult to say which analysis above most closely represents the way a listener interprets the expression, and it is possible that different listeners analyse the phrase in different ways, or even in different ways at different times. Regardless, all three analyses yield the same
411:, which like a cuckoo, lays its egg in the nest of another bird, tricking it to believe that it is its own egg. Furthermore, the metaphor "magpie" is employed because, according to Zuckermann, hybridic "Israeli" displays the characteristics of a magpie, "stealing" from languages such as
1049:
worked to define the difference between poetic language and non-poetic language by saying that, "Prose writers are handicapped in this regard because their discourse has to conform to the forms and terms used by the citizens and to those arguments which are precise and relevant to the
1042:
not think of metonymy as a good rhetorical method because metonymy did not involve symbolism. Al-Sharafi explains, "This is why they undermined practical and purely referential discourse because it was seen as banal and not containing anything new, strange or shocking."
1050:
subject-matter." In other words, Isocrates proposes here that metaphor is a distinctive feature of poetic language because it conveys the experience of the world afresh and provides a kind of defamiliarisation in the way the citizens perceive the world.
469:
Containment: When one thing contains another, it can frequently be used metonymically, as when "dish" is used to refer not to a plate but to the food it contains, or as when the name of a building is used to refer to the entity it contains, as when "the
322:
in trope was between metaphor and metonymy, Burke argues that the fundamental dichotomy is between irony and synecdoche, which he also describes as the dichotomy between dialectic and representation, or again between reduction and perspective.
435:(attention)", we stretch the base meaning of "lend" (to let someone borrow an object) to include the "lending" of non-material things (attention), but, beyond this slight extension of the verb, no metaphor is at work.
482:
responsibility for something ("he had a hand in it"), "head" or "brain" for mind or intelligence, or "nose" for concern about someone else's affairs, (as in "keep your nose out of my business"). A reference to
923:'s residence, located on Balfour Street in Jerusalem, to all the streets around it where demonstrations frequently take place, and also to the Prime Minister and his family who live in the residence.
1152:, in his 1911 painting "Pipe Rack and Still Life on Table" inserts the word "Ocean" rather than painting an ocean: These paintings by Miró and Picasso are, in a sense, the reverse of a
439:
hears. The phrase "lend me your ear" is interpreted to metaphorically mean that the speaker wants the listener to grant the speaker temporary control over what the listener hears.
391:. The reason is that monarchs by and large indeed wear a crown, physically. In other words, there is a pre-existent link between "crown" and "monarchy". On the other hand, when
4184:
2252:
1144:
and Turner argued that all words are metonyms: "Words stand for the concepts they express." Some artists have used actual words as metonyms in their paintings. For example,
426:
Sometimes, metaphor and metonymy may both be at work in the same figure of speech, or one could interpret a phrase metaphorically or metonymically. For example, the phrase "
354:
uses a familiar word or a phrase in a new context. For example, "lead foot" may describe a fast driver; lead is proverbially heavy, and a foot exerting more pressure on the
403:. There is no physical link between a language and a bird. The reason the metaphors "phoenix" and "cuckoo" are used is that on the one hand hybridic "Israeli" is based on
493:
Product for process: This is a type of metonymy where the product of the activity stands for the activity itself. For example, in "The book is moving right along,"
896:(of which there are over 5,000 in Britain) is a term commonly used to refer to the entire British retail sector. Common nouns and phrases can also be metonyms: "
486:, as in "from here to Timbuktu," usually means a place or idea is too far away or mysterious. Metonymy of objects or body parts for concepts is common in dreams.
510:: A part of something is often used for the whole, as when people refer to "head" of cattle or assistants are referred to as "hands." An example of this is the
1088:. In his 1956 essay "The Metaphoric and Metonymic Poles", Jakobson relates metonymy to the linguistic practice of combination and to the literary practice of
57:
1757:
1107:
the synecdoches "hair on the upper lip" or "bare shoulders" are used by the same writer to stand for the female characters to whom these features belong.
829:, allowing commentators and insiders to refer impersonally and succinctly to foreign ministries with impressive and imposing names as (for example) the
3633:
3301:
3224:
504:
to me" indicates that something is unknown. In the same way, 'period' can be used to emphasise that a point is concluded or not to be challenged.
3513:
3045:
1634:
427:
1974:
1525:
526:. Also, the whole of something is used for a part, as when people refer to a municipal employee as "the city" or police officers as "the law".
3123:
4332:
3764:
174:
365:
originate as metonyms: for example, "chicken" means the meat as well as the animal; "crown" for the object, as well as the institution.
3229:
1459:
798:
1924:
44:
2422:
Jakobson, Roman (1995) . "Two
Aspects of Language and Two Types of Disturbances". In Linda Waugh and Monique Monville-Burston (ed.).
2576:
655:
1661:
1498:
947:
273:, the capacity for a word or phrase to have multiple meanings, sometimes results from relations of metonymy. Both metonymy and
1604:
2481:
2454:
2431:
2399:
2363:
2342:
2290:
2267:
2234:
2215:
2188:
2165:
1860:
1772:
1671:
1644:
1588:
1535:
1508:
1442:
1413:
519:
735:
4050:
3897:
1072:
viewed metonymy as more of a stylish rhetorical method and described it as being based on words, but motivated by style.
89:
1721:
3569:
3471:
1887:
1005:
683:
641:
500:
Punctuation marks often stand metonymically for a meaning expressed by the punctuation mark. For example, "He's a big
208:
2076:
2040:
2028:
2011:
1960:
1731:
1313:
977:
2064:
4179:
4055:
3902:
4325:
3971:
2198:
Dirven, René (1999). "Conversion as a
Conceptual Metonymy of Event Schemata". In K.U. Panther; G. Radden (eds.).
1480:
771:
2257:
1138:
argued that cubist art relied heavily on nonlinguistic metonyms, while surrealist art relied more on metaphors.
984:
644:, respectively). Such usage may persist even when the industries in question have moved elsewhere, for example,
478:" are used to refer to the Administration of the United States, or the U.S. Department of Defense, respectively.
240:
225:
1778:
962:
755:
739:
691:
358:
causes a vehicle to go faster (in this context unduly so). The figure of speech is a "metonymy of a metonymy".
4711:
4542:
4189:
3618:
3605:
3186:
865:
2358:. Publications of the Royal Society of Letters at Lund. Lund, Sweden: Almqvist & Wiksell International.
451:
interpretation. Thus, metaphor and metonymy, though different in their mechanism, work together seamlessly.
3322:
2949:
2901:
2569:
2417:
Gaines, Charles (2003). "Reconsidering
Metaphor/Metonymy: Art and the Suppression of Thought". No. 64.
790:
719:
695:
277:
involve the substitution of one term for another. In metaphor, this substitution is based on some specific
991:
150:
in which a concept is referred to by the name of something closely associated with that thing or concept.
3427:
2627:
873:
857:
763:
633:
593:
667:(where most British national newspapers previously operated) is used as a metonym for the British press.
4706:
4589:
4318:
3716:
2977:
2698:
1879:
Pattern and
Process: A Whiteheadian Perspective on Linguistics, ed. Klaus-Uwe Panther and Günter Radden
794:
782:
536:
or some location within the city is frequently used as a metonym for the country's government, such as
2302:"Metonymy and its manifestation in visual artworks: Case study of late paintings by Bruegel the Elder"
1058:
discussed different definitions of metaphor, regarding one type as what we know to be metonymy today.
191:
4159:
4028:
973:
605:
407:, which, like a phoenix, rises from the ashes; and on the other hand, hybridic "Israeli" is based on
281:
between two things, whereas in metonymy the substitution is based on some understood association or
4130:
3986:
3523:
2812:
1846:
920:
750:
for the executive and legislative branches, respectively, of the United States federal government,
1388:
1380:
Studies in
English Grammar: A Comprehensive Course for Grammar Schools, High Schools and Academies
4721:
4299:
3869:
2562:
2180:
826:
806:
678:
A place is often used as a metonym for a government or other official institutions, for example,
380:
282:
77:
49:
4407:
3201:
334:. Greek and Latin scholars of rhetoric made significant contributions to the study of metonymy.
4469:
3887:
3796:
3563:
3434:
3291:
2920:
2473:
2207:
1063:
869:
167:
2249:
Bezeichnungswandel: Wie, Warum, Wozu? Ein
Beitrag zur englischen und allgemeinen Onomasiologie
1283:
1112:
490:(referring to the printing press), or as in the proverb, "The pen is mightier than the sword."
3638:
2683:
1717:
1660:
Conference, Rhetoric
Society of America; Smith, Michelle Christine; Warnick, Barbara (2010).
392:
374:
20:
2465:
2199:
522:
are often referred to as "Bens", "Benjamins" or "Franklins" because they bear a portrait of
4680:
4499:
3926:
3658:
3393:
2493:"Meaning construction in verbomusical environments: Conceptual disintegration and metonymy"
1852:
1054:
described metonymy by saying, "Metonymy, that is the fact that words and meaning change."
877:
585:
310:
1723:
Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond
786:
430:" could be analyzed in a number of ways. One could imagine the following interpretations:
8:
4665:
4414:
4367:
4286:
4023:
4013:
3936:
3911:
3234:
2968:
2944:
2464:
Low, Graham (1999-02-11). "An Essay Is a Person". In Cameron, Lynne; Low, Graham (eds.).
1838:
703:
85:
1378:
4716:
4509:
4149:
4092:
3856:
3536:
3329:
3211:
2891:
2865:
2741:
2632:
2542:
2405:
2321:
1975:"Thousands protest at Balfour, call on police not to repeat 'terror'" - a news item in
1688:
1431:
1176:
905:
767:
293:
2100:
The Mindbrain and Dreams: An Exploration of Thinking, Dreaming, and Artistic Creation.
998:
4701:
4459:
4402:
4349:
4235:
4001:
3490:
3370:
2764:
2730:
2725:
2477:
2466:
2450:
2443:
2427:
2395:
2359:
2338:
2325:
2286:
2279:
2263:
2230:
2211:
2200:
2184:
2161:
2072:
2036:
2007:
1956:
1883:
1856:
1768:
1727:
1667:
1640:
1584:
1531:
1504:
1438:
1409:
1353:
1309:
1247:
1202:
802:
759:
723:
523:
16:
Figure of speech in which something is referred to by the name of an associated thing
1101:'s suicide Tolstoy's artistic attention is focused on the heroine's handbag; and in
711:
4341:
4120:
3996:
3991:
3892:
3813:
3710:
3378:
3347:
3254:
3113:
2834:
2546:
2532:
2507:
2409:
2387:
2313:
2158:
Prinzipien des lexikalischen Bedeutungswandels am Beispiel der romanischen Sprachen
1612:
1212:
1089:
881:
853:
537:
460:
416:
147:
102:
2554:
958:
588:
had come to refer to the king himself. Similarly, other important places, such as
326:
In addition to its use in everyday speech, metonymy is a figure of speech in some
261:
Metonymy and related figures of speech are common in everyday speech and writing.
4638:
4125:
4045:
4040:
4035:
3966:
3931:
3882:
3840:
3806:
3734:
3611:
3518:
3360:
3337:
3296:
3050:
3010:
2822:
2511:
2353:
1950:
1909:
1877:
1403:
1257:
1156:: the word stands for the picture, instead of the picture standing for the word.
1037:, "Greek rhetorical scholarship at one time became entirely poetic scholarship."
1026:
830:
825:. Other names of addresses or locations can become convenient shorthand names in
511:
412:
404:
4018:
3981:
3860:
3852:
3791:
3783:
3759:
3749:
3681:
3625:
3590:
3466:
3448:
3398:
3138:
3073:
3017:
2693:
2618:
2281:
Philosophy in the Flesh: The Embodied Mind and Its Challenge to Western Thought
2244:
1497:
Dubois, Jacques; Mu, Groupe; Edeline, Francis; Klinkenberg, Jean-Marie (1981).
1384:
1135:
1116:
1085:
913:
889:
885:
834:
778:
727:
601:
597:
387:
immobile). In the phrase "lands belonging to the crown", the word "crown" is a
315:
465:
Here are some broad kinds of relationships where metonymy is frequently used:
92:
and is a common metonym used to refer to the U.S. military and its leadership.
4695:
4648:
4444:
4008:
3916:
3835:
3724:
3705:
3690:
3595:
3558:
3441:
3408:
3388:
3311:
3286:
3281:
3268:
3239:
3196:
3133:
3040:
3025:
2996:
2909:
2703:
2585:
1329:
1227:
1141:
1120:
1103:
1098:
1081:
904:, whether or not that bureaucracy uses actual red tape to bind documents. In
842:
613:
584:" which originally referred to the residence of the King of Egypt but by the
396:
289:
2537:
2520:
4658:
4562:
4479:
4372:
4357:
4274:
4262:
4212:
4206:
4201:
4060:
3754:
3700:
3695:
3648:
3582:
3508:
3498:
3477:
3421:
3355:
3306:
3168:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3118:
3093:
3083:
2990:
2771:
2589:
810:
751:
747:
664:
646:
533:
475:
81:
2391:
2317:
4547:
4532:
4527:
4419:
4382:
4362:
4247:
4169:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3739:
3653:
3643:
3503:
3461:
3456:
3273:
3249:
3191:
3158:
3128:
3108:
3103:
3078:
3068:
3035:
3030:
2846:
2827:
2781:
2776:
2657:
2065:"Metonymy and Metaphor: Different Mental Strategies of Conceptualisation"
1834:
1171:
1038:
901:
893:
849:
822:
774:
743:
660:
625:
589:
471:
443:
1551:
399:
is a "phoenicuckoo cross with some magpie characteristics", he is using
4675:
4579:
4552:
4484:
4474:
4454:
4429:
4377:
4240:
4223:
4164:
4144:
3801:
3729:
3676:
3672:
3600:
3416:
3383:
3316:
3219:
3163:
2985:
2939:
2896:
2851:
2802:
2735:
2715:
2678:
2652:
2608:
2603:
2525:
Proceedings of the ACL 2003 Workshop on Lexicon and Figurative Language
1252:
1051:
1045:
Greek scholars contributed to the definition of metonymy. For example,
651:
507:
351:
345:
301:
266:
262:
348:
uses a part to refer to the whole, or the whole to refer to the part.
4606:
4584:
4567:
4557:
4449:
4439:
4434:
4424:
4392:
4387:
4252:
4139:
4115:
3877:
3769:
3529:
3244:
2927:
2861:
2807:
2754:
2749:
2622:
1876:
Gibbs, Raymond W. Jr. (1999). "Speaking and Thinking with Metonymy".
1842:
1242:
1196:
1191:
1055:
1046:
909:
731:
687:
629:
616:
are commonly used to refer to the industries that are located there (
609:
569:
319:
246:
231:
214:
197:
180:
4310:
2301:
936:
848:
A place (or places) can represent an entire industry. For instance:
4643:
4633:
4623:
4596:
4572:
4537:
4522:
4517:
4489:
4464:
4397:
4269:
4257:
4218:
4196:
4087:
3976:
3921:
3744:
3543:
3003:
2956:
2915:
2886:
2874:
2817:
2797:
2759:
2492:
2382:
Fass, Dan (1988). "Metonymy and metaphor: what's the difference?".
1758:"The interaction of metaphor and metonymy in composite expressions"
1222:
1217:
1030:
897:
861:
818:
679:
637:
621:
529:
483:
362:
355:
331:
297:
274:
270:
24:
4618:
4611:
4110:
4082:
3550:
3178:
2933:
2839:
2688:
2662:
2613:
1207:
1181:
1149:
919:
In recent Israeli usage, the term "Balfour" came to refer to the
838:
715:
707:
699:
617:
581:
408:
278:
2880:
1145:
35:
4670:
4494:
4279:
4154:
3264:
2710:
2384:
Proceedings of the 12th conference on Computational linguistics
1232:
1186:
1069:
1061:
Latin scholars also had an influence on metonymy. The treatise
577:
573:
557:
541:
515:
327:
4601:
4229:
3958:
3944:
3940:
1237:
1166:
1153:
565:
561:
553:
549:
305:
650:
continues to be used as a metonymy for the British national
814:
545:
138:
129:
1496:
1377:
Welsh, Alfred Hux; Greenwood, James Mickleborough (1893).
954:
117:
4653:
123:
108:
2126:
More than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic Metaphor.
1882:. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing. pp. 61–76.
2337:. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press. p. 680.
1716:
1527:
Great War Prostheses in American Literature and Culture
658:
are no longer headquartered on the street of that name.
2426:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
1833:
1659:
1075:
1354:"Metonymy Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster"
120:
852:, used metonymically, can stand for the entire U.S.
114:
2584:
580:
in Russia etc. Perhaps the oldest such example is "
308:. He discusses them in particular ways in his book
135:
126:
111:
105:
2472:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp.
2442:
2278:
1997:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1451:
1430:
1033:. A. Al-Sharafi supports this concept in his book
221:, a suffix that names figures of speech, from
2071:(revised ed.). de Gruyter. pp. 75–112.
1633:Panther, Klaus-Uwe; Radden, Günter (1999-01-01).
4693:
2449:. Chicago, IL: The University of Chicago Press.
2069:Metaphor and Metonymy in Comparison and Contrast
2035:(revised ed.). de Gruyter. pp. 41–48.
2033:Metaphor and Metonymy in Comparison and Contrast
1765:Metaphor and Metonymy in Comparison and Contrast
1712:
1710:
1552:"Metonymy - Examples and Definition of Metonymy"
1457:
1405:Metaphor and Metonymy in Comparison and Contrast
518:for the image of a bird on the one-dollar coin.
1984:
497:refers to the process of writing or publishing.
1376:
926:
4326:
2570:
2490:
2276:
1707:
1632:
1401:
2113:Selected Writings: Word and Language, Vol 2.
1134:Metonyms can also be wordless. For example,
1029:studied poetic language and deemed it to be
963:introducing citations to additional sources
888:for the American advertising industry; and
269:are considered specific types of metonymy.
4333:
4319:
2577:
2563:
2001:
892:for the American technology industry. The
673:
292:considers metonymy as one of four "master
2536:
2177:Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student
2128:Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
2067:. In Dirven, René; Pörings, Ralf (eds.).
2031:. In Dirven, René; Pörings, Ralf (eds.).
1942:
1903:Shales, Tom (September 15, 2003). "HBO's
1869:
1755:
1330:"Definition of metonymy | Dictionary.com"
2521:"Metonymy as a cross-lingual phenomenon"
2421:
2026:
1574:
1572:
1487:New York: Prentice Hall Inc. pp. 503–09.
953:Relevant discussion may be found on the
659:
337:
204: 'after, post, beyond' and
76:
60:of all important aspects of the article.
2174:
1948:
1767:. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 435–465.
1523:
1460:"Metonymy and Part-Whole Relationships"
1111:Jakobson's theories were important for
882:American commercial theatrical industry
4694:
2518:
2440:
2416:
2351:
2277:Lakoff, George; Johnson, Mark (1999).
2243:
2206:. John Benjamins Publishing. pp.
2197:
2062:
2056:
1955:, Toronto: Dundurn Press, p. 20,
1902:
1896:
1428:
854:financial and corporate banking sector
520:United States one hundred-dollar bills
56:Please consider expanding the lead to
4340:
4314:
2558:
2332:
2299:
2155:
2020:
2004:Textual Metonymy: A Semiotic Approach
1875:
1763:. In R. Dirven and R. Pörings (ed.).
1726:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1578:
1569:
876:, and the people associated with it;
342:Metonymy takes many different forms.
2381:
2224:
2029:"The Metaphoric and Metonymic Poles"
1686:
1402:Dirven, René; Pörings, Ralf (2002).
1370:
1080:Metonymy became important in French
930:
736:prime minister of the United Kingdom
88:is the headquarters building of the
29:
2463:
1076:Jakobson, structuralism and realism
720:German Federal Intelligence Service
187: 'a change of name'; from
90:United States Department of Defense
13:
2374:
1503:. Johns Hopkins University Press.
783:Marine Corps base of the same name
684:institutions of the European Union
368:
14:
4733:
2468:Researching and Applying Metaphor
2141:Paris: Éditions de la différence.
2124:Lakoff, G. and Turner, M. (1989)
2002:Al-Sharafi, Abdul Gabbar (2004).
1952:The Crown and Canadian Federalism
3225:Democratic Republic of the Congo
2386:. Vol. 1. pp. 177–81.
2227:Processing Metonymy and Metaphor
2202:Metonymy in Language and Thought
1925:"What next for the high street?"
1663:The Responsibilities of Rhetoric
1636:Metonymy in Language and Thought
1308:(9th ed.). Chambers. 2003.
946:relies largely or entirely on a
935:
101:
34:
2131:
2118:
2105:
2092:
1968:
1917:
1827:
1824:Lakoff and Johnson 1999, p. 245
1818:
1815:Lakoff and Johnson 1999, p. 203
1809:
1796:
1749:
1746:Example drawn from Dirven, 1996
1740:
1680:
1653:
1626:
1597:
1544:
1517:
1490:
1458:Tompkins, Penny; James Lawley.
772:Federal Bureau of Investigation
48:may be too short to adequately
2175:Corbett, Edward P.J. (1998) .
1474:
1422:
1395:
1346:
1322:
1297:
1276:
692:International Court of Justice
58:provide an accessible overview
1:
2491:Pérez-Sobrino, Paula (2014).
2139:Joan Miró: Peinture – Poésie.
1639:. John Benjamins Publishing.
1524:Shaheen, Aaron (2020-06-25).
1264:
866:lobbying in the United States
256:
2512:10.1016/j.pragma.2014.06.008
2333:Smyth, Herbert Weir (1920).
1286:. Cambridge University Press
1269:
791:President of the Philippines
710:for the Russian presidency,
696:International Criminal Court
318:argued that the fundamental
153:
7:
2300:Somov, Georgij Yu. (2009).
1949:Jackson, Michael D (2013),
1907:, In Uncharted Territory".
1583:. Oxford University Press.
1530:. Oxford University Press.
1159:
927:Rhetoric in ancient history
764:Central Intelligence Agency
454:
288:American literary theorist
10:
4738:
3888:Imperial, royal, and noble
2179:(4th ed.). New York:
2148:
1437:. Shambhala Publications.
1433:Sex, Ecology, Spirituality
1358:Merriam-Webster Dictionary
458:
372:
239:
224:
207:
190:
173:
18:
4508:
4348:
4295:
4103:
4075:
3972:Imperial, royal and noble
3957:
3868:
3849:
3782:
3671:
3581:
3489:
3407:
3369:
3346:
3263:
3210:
3177:
3092:
3059:
2976:
2965:
2860:
2790:
2671:
2645:
2596:
2352:Warren, Beatrice (2006).
2253:Universitätsverlag Winter
1462:. www.cleanlanguage.co.uk
1126:Dreams can use metonyms.
2813:Maiden and married names
2027:Jakobson, Roman (1956).
1848:The London Encyclopaedia
1804:The Mindbrain and Dreams
1756:Geeraerts, Dirk (2002).
1695:. Aberystwyth University
540:, in the United States;
19:Not to be confused with
4300:Category:Lists of names
2538:10.3115/1118975.1118976
2441:Lakoff, George (1980).
2181:Oxford University Press
2156:Blank, Andreas (1997).
2098:Blechner, M. J. (2018)
1802:Blechner, M. J. (2018)
1693:Semiotics for Beginners
1481:Burke, Kenneth. (1945)
1306:The Chambers Dictionary
860:for Washington, D.C.'s
827:international diplomacy
807:Prime Minister of Spain
799:Office of the President
674:Places and institutions
576:in the United Kingdom;
3230:Eritrean and Ethiopian
1806:. New York: Routledge.
1579:Bloom, Harold (2003).
1129:
1109:
1064:Rhetorica ad Herennium
921:Israeli Prime Minister
668:
379:Metonymy works by the
93:
4160:Galton–Watson process
3765:Ancient Tamil country
3187:Australian Aboriginal
2500:Journal of Pragmatics
2392:10.3115/991635.991671
2318:10.1515/semi.2009.037
2160:. Walter de Gruyter.
2063:Dirven, René (2003).
1408:. Walter de Gruyter.
1094:
912:is a metonym for the
756:U.S. State Department
663:
656:national publications
514:, referred to as the
375:Metaphor and metonymy
338:Meaning relationships
80:
4712:Narrative techniques
3927:Post-nominal letters
3046:Indigenous Taiwanese
2519:Peters, Wim (2003).
2445:Metaphors We Live By
2355:Referential Metonymy
2111:Jakobson, R. (1971)
2102:New York: Routledge.
1839:Hibbert, Christopher
1483:A Grammar of Motives
1429:Wilber, Ken (2000).
1084:through the work of
959:improve this article
916:in all its aspects.
311:A Grammar of Motives
4666:Rhetorical question
4287:Surnames by country
3912:Pre-nominal letters
2969:Surnames by country
1718:Zuckermann, Ghil'ad
1689:"Rhetorical Tropes"
1581:A Map of Misreading
1113:Claude Lévi-Strauss
906:Commonwealth realms
779:forensic laboratory
704:government of Kenya
442:First, analyze the
86:Arlington, Virginia
4150:Endonym and exonym
4093:Calendar of saints
4076:Related traditions
3850:Manners of address
3212:Sub-Saharan Africa
2633:Nobiliary particle
2225:Fass, Dan (1997).
2137:Rowell, M. (1976)
2115:The Hague: Mouton.
1977:The Jerusalem Post
1687:Chandler, Daniel.
1666:. Waveland Press.
1500:A General Rhetoric
1334:www.dictionary.com
1177:Deferred reference
874:U.S. film industry
669:
393:Ghil'ad Zuckermann
94:
4707:Figures of speech
4689:
4688:
4460:Hysteron proteron
4342:Figures of speech
4308:
4307:
4236:Personal identity
4071:
4070:
3778:
3777:
3719:
3667:
3666:
3628:
3621:
3614:
3572:
3553:
3546:
3539:
3532:
3480:
3451:
3444:
3437:
3430:
3332:
3325:
3020:
3013:
3006:
2999:
2791:By life situation
2744:
2483:978-0-521-64964-3
2456:978-0-226-46801-3
2433:978-0-674-63536-4
2401:978-963-8431-56-1
2365:978-91-22-02148-3
2344:978-0-674-36250-5
2292:978-0-465-05674-3
2269:978-3-8253-5016-1
2236:978-1-56750-231-2
2217:978-90-272-2356-2
2190:978-0-19-511542-0
2167:978-3-11-093160-0
1979:, August 30, 2020
1862:978-1-4050-4924-5
1774:978-3-11-017373-4
1673:978-1-57766-623-3
1646:978-90-272-2356-2
1590:978-0-19-516221-9
1537:978-0-19-885778-5
1510:978-0-8018-2326-8
1444:978-0-8348-2108-8
1415:978-3-11-017373-4
1383:. New York City:
1248:Social stereotype
1203:Generic trademark
1024:
1023:
1009:
524:Benjamin Franklin
75:
74:
4729:
4335:
4328:
4321:
4312:
4311:
4121:Anthropomorphism
3866:
3865:
3814:Buddhist surname
3715:
3624:
3617:
3610:
3570:Hispanic America
3568:
3549:
3542:
3535:
3528:
3476:
3447:
3440:
3435:African-American
3433:
3426:
3344:
3343:
3328:
3321:
3292:Ashkenazi Jewish
3097:and Western Asia
3062:and Central Asia
3016:
3009:
3002:
2995:
2974:
2973:
2835:Placeholder name
2740:
2684:Double-barrelled
2579:
2572:
2565:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2540:
2515:
2497:
2487:
2471:
2460:
2448:
2437:
2418:
2413:
2369:
2348:
2329:
2296:
2284:
2273:
2261:
2240:
2221:
2205:
2194:
2171:
2142:
2135:
2129:
2122:
2116:
2109:
2103:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2060:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2049:
2024:
2018:
2017:
1999:
1982:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1937:
1935:
1921:
1915:
1914:
1900:
1894:
1893:
1873:
1867:
1866:
1831:
1825:
1822:
1816:
1813:
1807:
1800:
1794:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1783:
1777:. Archived from
1762:
1753:
1747:
1744:
1738:
1737:
1714:
1705:
1704:
1702:
1700:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1657:
1651:
1650:
1630:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1611:. Archived from
1609:Silva Rhetoricae
1601:
1595:
1594:
1576:
1567:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1556:Literary Devices
1548:
1542:
1541:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1494:
1488:
1478:
1472:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1436:
1426:
1420:
1419:
1399:
1393:
1392:
1374:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1364:
1350:
1344:
1343:
1341:
1340:
1326:
1320:
1319:
1301:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1291:
1280:
1213:List of metonyms
1035:Textual Metonymy
1019:
1016:
1010:
1008:
967:
939:
931:
900:" can stand for
740:UK civil service
538:Washington, D.C.
461:List of metonyms
428:lend me your ear
397:Israeli language
395:argues that the
250:
243:
235:
228:
218:
211:
201:
194:
184:
177:
148:figure of speech
145:
144:
141:
140:
137:
132:
131:
128:
125:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
107:
70:
67:
61:
38:
30:
4737:
4736:
4732:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4727:
4726:
4692:
4691:
4690:
4685:
4639:Personification
4504:
4344:
4339:
4309:
4304:
4291:
4126:Personification
4099:
4067:
3953:
3855:
3851:
3845:
3841:Theophoric name
3774:
3679:
3663:
3577:
3485:
3403:
3365:
3342:
3271:
3259:
3206:
3173:
3096:
3088:
3061:
3055:
2967:
2961:
2856:
2823:Posthumous name
2786:
2667:
2641:
2592:
2583:
2553:
2495:
2484:
2457:
2434:
2402:
2377:
2375:Further reading
2372:
2366:
2345:
2312:(174): 309–66.
2293:
2285:. Basic Books.
2270:
2255:
2245:Grzega, Joachim
2237:
2218:
2191:
2168:
2151:
2146:
2145:
2136:
2132:
2123:
2119:
2110:
2106:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2079:
2061:
2057:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2000:
1985:
1973:
1969:
1963:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1913:. pp. C01.
1910:Washington Post
1901:
1897:
1890:
1874:
1870:
1863:
1855:. p. 300.
1841:; Keay, Julia;
1832:
1828:
1823:
1819:
1814:
1810:
1801:
1797:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1745:
1741:
1734:
1715:
1708:
1698:
1696:
1685:
1681:
1674:
1658:
1654:
1647:
1631:
1627:
1618:
1616:
1603:
1602:
1598:
1591:
1577:
1570:
1561:
1559:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1538:
1522:
1518:
1511:
1495:
1491:
1479:
1475:
1465:
1463:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1427:
1423:
1416:
1400:
1396:
1375:
1371:
1362:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1338:
1336:
1328:
1327:
1323:
1316:
1303:
1302:
1298:
1289:
1287:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1258:Totum pro parte
1162:
1132:
1092:. He explains:
1078:
1027:Western culture
1020:
1014:
1011:
968:
966:
952:
940:
929:
770:for either the
676:
630:high technology
512:Canadian dollar
463:
457:
377:
371:
369:Versus metaphor
340:
259:
156:
134:
104:
100:
71:
65:
62:
55:
43:This article's
39:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4735:
4725:
4724:
4722:Tropes by type
4719:
4714:
4709:
4704:
4687:
4686:
4684:
4683:
4678:
4673:
4668:
4663:
4662:
4661:
4651:
4646:
4641:
4636:
4631:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4615:
4614:
4609:
4599:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4582:
4577:
4576:
4575:
4565:
4560:
4555:
4550:
4545:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4514:
4512:
4506:
4505:
4503:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4467:
4462:
4457:
4452:
4447:
4442:
4437:
4432:
4427:
4422:
4417:
4412:
4411:
4410:
4400:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4370:
4365:
4360:
4354:
4352:
4346:
4345:
4338:
4337:
4330:
4323:
4315:
4306:
4305:
4303:
4302:
4296:
4293:
4292:
4290:
4289:
4284:
4283:
4282:
4277:
4272:
4267:
4266:
4265:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4243:
4233:
4226:
4221:
4216:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4194:
4193:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4174:
4173:
4172:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4136:
4135:
4134:
4133:
4118:
4113:
4107:
4105:
4101:
4100:
4098:
4097:
4096:
4095:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4069:
4068:
4066:
4065:
4064:
4063:
4058:
4056:Ecclesiastical
4048:
4043:
4038:
4033:
4032:
4031:
4026:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4005:
4004:
3999:
3994:
3989:
3984:
3979:
3969:
3963:
3961:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3949:
3948:
3947:
3934:
3924:
3914:
3909:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3905:
3903:Ecclesiastical
3895:
3890:
3885:
3874:
3872:
3863:
3847:
3846:
3844:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3832:
3831:
3821:
3816:
3811:
3810:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3792:Christian name
3788:
3786:
3780:
3779:
3776:
3775:
3773:
3772:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3708:
3703:
3698:
3693:
3687:
3685:
3682:Southeast Asia
3669:
3668:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3651:
3646:
3641:
3636:
3631:
3630:
3629:
3622:
3615:
3606:Eastern Slavic
3603:
3598:
3593:
3587:
3585:
3579:
3578:
3576:
3575:
3574:
3573:
3561:
3556:
3555:
3554:
3547:
3540:
3533:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3495:
3493:
3487:
3486:
3484:
3483:
3482:
3481:
3469:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3453:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3431:
3419:
3413:
3411:
3405:
3404:
3402:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3375:
3373:
3367:
3366:
3364:
3363:
3358:
3352:
3350:
3341:
3340:
3335:
3334:
3333:
3326:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3284:
3278:
3276:
3261:
3260:
3258:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3216:
3214:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3183:
3181:
3175:
3174:
3172:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3151:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3100:
3098:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3065:
3063:
3057:
3056:
3054:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3033:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3014:
3007:
3000:
2988:
2982:
2980:
2971:
2963:
2962:
2960:
2959:
2954:
2953:
2952:
2947:
2937:
2930:
2925:
2924:
2923:
2913:
2906:
2905:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2884:
2877:
2871:
2869:
2858:
2857:
2855:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2843:
2842:
2832:
2831:
2830:
2825:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2794:
2792:
2788:
2787:
2785:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2769:
2768:
2767:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2746:
2745:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2713:
2708:
2707:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2686:
2681:
2675:
2673:
2669:
2668:
2666:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2649:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2639:
2638:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2625:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2594:
2593:
2586:Personal names
2582:
2581:
2574:
2567:
2559:
2552:
2551:
2516:
2488:
2482:
2461:
2455:
2438:
2432:
2419:
2414:
2400:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:
2364:
2349:
2343:
2330:
2297:
2291:
2274:
2268:
2251:. Heidelberg:
2241:
2235:
2222:
2216:
2195:
2189:
2172:
2166:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2144:
2143:
2130:
2117:
2104:
2091:
2077:
2055:
2041:
2019:
2012:
1983:
1967:
1961:
1941:
1916:
1895:
1889:978-9027223562
1888:
1868:
1861:
1826:
1817:
1808:
1795:
1784:on 6 July 2012
1773:
1748:
1739:
1732:
1706:
1679:
1672:
1652:
1645:
1625:
1596:
1589:
1568:
1543:
1536:
1516:
1509:
1489:
1473:
1450:
1443:
1421:
1414:
1394:
1385:Silver Burdett
1369:
1345:
1321:
1314:
1296:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1261:
1260:
1255:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1194:
1189:
1184:
1179:
1174:
1169:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1136:Roman Jakobson
1131:
1128:
1123:, and others.
1117:Roland Barthes
1086:Roman Jakobson
1077:
1074:
1022:
1021:
957:. Please help
943:
941:
934:
928:
925:
890:Silicon Valley
886:Madison Avenue
835:Wilhelmstrasse
795:their advisers
728:Downing Street
712:Chausseestraße
675:
672:
671:
670:
654:, though many
642:motor vehicles
602:Silicon Valley
598:Madison Avenue
532:: A country's
527:
505:
498:
491:
487:
479:
459:Main article:
456:
453:
448:
447:
440:
436:
373:Main article:
370:
367:
361:Many cases of
339:
336:
316:Roman Jakobson
258:
255:
253: 'name'.
166:come from
155:
152:
73:
72:
52:the key points
42:
40:
33:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4734:
4723:
4720:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4710:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4682:
4679:
4677:
4674:
4672:
4669:
4667:
4664:
4660:
4657:
4656:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4649:Procatalepsis
4647:
4645:
4642:
4640:
4637:
4635:
4632:
4630:
4627:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4604:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4591:
4588:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4581:
4578:
4574:
4571:
4570:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4511:
4507:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4466:
4463:
4461:
4458:
4456:
4453:
4451:
4448:
4446:
4445:Homeoteleuton
4443:
4441:
4438:
4436:
4433:
4431:
4428:
4426:
4423:
4421:
4418:
4416:
4413:
4409:
4406:
4405:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4369:
4366:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4355:
4353:
4351:
4347:
4343:
4336:
4331:
4329:
4324:
4322:
4317:
4316:
4313:
4301:
4298:
4297:
4294:
4288:
4285:
4281:
4278:
4276:
4273:
4271:
4268:
4264:
4261:
4260:
4259:
4256:
4255:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4239:
4238:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4231:
4227:
4225:
4222:
4220:
4217:
4215:
4214:
4210:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4177:
4175:
4171:
4168:
4167:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4143:
4141:
4138:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4102:
4094:
4091:
4090:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4062:
4059:
4057:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4049:
4047:
4044:
4042:
4039:
4037:
4034:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4021:
4020:
4017:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3964:
3962:
3960:
3956:
3946:
3942:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3928:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3904:
3901:
3900:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3880:
3879:
3876:
3875:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3858:
3854:
3848:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3836:Mandaean name
3834:
3830:
3827:
3826:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3817:
3815:
3812:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3797:Biblical name
3795:
3794:
3793:
3790:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3718:
3714:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3707:
3704:
3702:
3699:
3697:
3694:
3692:
3689:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3645:
3642:
3640:
3637:
3635:
3632:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3616:
3613:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3597:
3594:
3592:
3589:
3588:
3586:
3584:
3580:
3571:
3567:
3566:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3552:
3548:
3545:
3541:
3538:
3534:
3531:
3527:
3526:
3525:
3522:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3496:
3494:
3492:
3488:
3479:
3475:
3474:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3458:
3455:
3450:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3429:
3425:
3424:
3423:
3420:
3418:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3406:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3376:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3349:
3345:
3339:
3336:
3331:
3327:
3324:
3323:Ancient Greek
3320:
3319:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3283:
3280:
3279:
3277:
3275:
3270:
3269:North America
3266:
3262:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3217:
3215:
3213:
3209:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3176:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3145:
3142:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3101:
3099:
3095:
3091:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3067:
3066:
3064:
3060:Northern Asia
3058:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3037:
3034:
3032:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3019:
3015:
3012:
3008:
3005:
3001:
2998:
2994:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2983:
2981:
2979:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2964:
2958:
2955:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2942:
2941:
2938:
2936:
2935:
2931:
2929:
2926:
2922:
2919:
2918:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2910:Nom de guerre
2907:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2859:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2841:
2838:
2837:
2836:
2833:
2829:
2826:
2824:
2821:
2820:
2819:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2809:
2806:
2804:
2801:
2799:
2796:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2743:
2739:
2738:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2727:
2724:
2722:
2719:
2717:
2714:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2670:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2644:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2620:
2617:
2616:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:Personal name
2595:
2591:
2587:
2580:
2575:
2573:
2568:
2566:
2561:
2560:
2557:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2489:
2485:
2479:
2475:
2470:
2469:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2447:
2446:
2439:
2435:
2429:
2425:
2420:
2415:
2411:
2407:
2403:
2397:
2393:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2379:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2356:
2350:
2346:
2340:
2336:
2335:Greek Grammar
2331:
2327:
2323:
2319:
2315:
2311:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2294:
2288:
2283:
2282:
2275:
2271:
2265:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2232:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2203:
2196:
2192:
2186:
2182:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2153:
2140:
2134:
2127:
2121:
2114:
2108:
2101:
2095:
2080:
2078:9783110173741
2074:
2070:
2066:
2059:
2044:
2042:9783110173741
2038:
2034:
2030:
2023:
2015:
2013:9781403938909
2009:
2005:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1990:
1988:
1980:
1978:
1971:
1964:
1962:9781459709898
1958:
1954:
1953:
1945:
1930:
1926:
1920:
1912:
1911:
1906:
1899:
1891:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1872:
1864:
1858:
1854:
1853:Pan MacMillan
1850:
1849:
1844:
1840:
1836:
1830:
1821:
1812:
1805:
1799:
1780:
1776:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1752:
1743:
1735:
1733:9780199812790
1729:
1725:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1675:
1669:
1665:
1664:
1656:
1648:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1629:
1615:on 2013-08-16
1614:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1592:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1573:
1557:
1553:
1547:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1528:
1520:
1512:
1506:
1502:
1501:
1493:
1486:
1484:
1477:
1461:
1454:
1446:
1440:
1435:
1434:
1425:
1417:
1411:
1407:
1406:
1398:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1381:
1373:
1359:
1355:
1349:
1335:
1331:
1325:
1317:
1315:0-550-10105-5
1311:
1307:
1300:
1285:
1279:
1275:
1259:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1231:
1229:
1228:Pars pro toto
1226:
1224:
1221:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1199:by comparison
1198:
1195:
1193:
1190:
1188:
1185:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1164:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1137:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1121:Jacques Lacan
1118:
1114:
1108:
1106:
1105:
1104:War and Peace
1100:
1099:Anna Karenina
1093:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1082:structuralism
1073:
1071:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1057:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1018:
1015:December 2013
1007:
1004:
1000:
997:
993:
990:
986:
983:
979:
976: –
975:
971:
970:Find sources:
964:
960:
956:
950:
949:
948:single source
944:This section
942:
938:
933:
932:
924:
922:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
887:
883:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
828:
824:
820:
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
780:
776:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
685:
681:
666:
662:
657:
653:
649:
648:
643:
639:
635:
634:entertainment
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
575:
571:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
528:
525:
521:
517:
513:
509:
506:
503:
502:question mark
499:
496:
492:
488:
485:
480:
477:
473:
468:
467:
466:
462:
452:
445:
441:
437:
433:
432:
431:
429:
424:
420:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
384:
382:
376:
366:
364:
359:
357:
353:
349:
347:
343:
335:
333:
329:
324:
321:
317:
313:
312:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
290:Kenneth Burke
286:
284:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
254:
252:
249:
242:
237:
234:
227:
223:
220:
217:
210:
206:
203:
200:
193:
189:
186:
183:
176:
172:
169:
168:Ancient Greek
165:
161:
151:
149:
143:
98:
91:
87:
83:
79:
69:
59:
53:
51:
46:
41:
37:
32:
31:
26:
22:
4659:Antanaclasis
4628:
4563:Epanorthosis
4480:Polysyndeton
4373:Antimetabole
4358:Alliteration
4275:Signum manus
4263:Royal cypher
4228:
4213:Nomen nescio
4211:
4207:Nomenclature
4202:Naming taboo
4014:Professional
3857:of authority
3807:Saint's name
3472:Scandinavian
3094:Muslim world
2932:
2908:
2879:
2731:Occupational
2720:
2590:anthroponymy
2528:
2524:
2503:
2499:
2467:
2444:
2423:
2383:
2354:
2334:
2309:
2305:
2280:
2248:
2226:
2201:
2176:
2157:
2138:
2133:
2125:
2120:
2112:
2107:
2099:
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2068:
2058:
2046:. Retrieved
2032:
2022:
2006:. Springer.
2003:
1976:
1970:
1951:
1944:
1932:. Retrieved
1928:
1919:
1908:
1904:
1898:
1878:
1871:
1847:
1835:Weinreb, Ben
1829:
1820:
1811:
1803:
1798:
1786:. Retrieved
1779:the original
1764:
1751:
1742:
1722:
1697:. Retrieved
1692:
1682:
1662:
1655:
1635:
1628:
1617:. Retrieved
1613:the original
1608:
1605:"metalepsis"
1599:
1580:
1560:. Retrieved
1558:. 2020-08-12
1555:
1546:
1526:
1519:
1499:
1492:
1482:
1476:
1464:. Retrieved
1453:
1432:
1424:
1404:
1397:
1379:
1372:
1361:. Retrieved
1357:
1348:
1337:. Retrieved
1333:
1324:
1305:
1299:
1288:. Retrieved
1278:
1140:
1133:
1125:
1110:
1102:
1095:
1079:
1062:
1060:
1044:
1039:Philosophers
1034:
1025:
1012:
1002:
995:
988:
981:
969:
945:
918:
868:in general;
864:industry or
847:
831:Quai d'Orsay
803:"La Moncloa"
752:Foggy Bottom
748:Capitol Hill
677:
665:Fleet Street
647:Fleet Street
645:
534:capital city
501:
494:
476:the Pentagon
464:
449:
425:
421:
400:
388:
385:
378:
360:
350:
344:
341:
330:and in much
325:
309:
300:, metonymy,
287:
260:
247:
244:
232:
229:
222:
215:
212:
205:
198:
195:
188:
181:
178:
171:
163:
159:
157:
96:
95:
82:The Pentagon
63:
47:
45:lead section
4548:Catachresis
4533:Antonomasia
4528:Antiphrasis
4470:Parallelism
4420:Epanalepsis
4383:Aposiopesis
4363:Anadiplosis
4248:Proper name
4170:Name change
4024:Educational
4002:Substantive
3941:decorations
3824:Jewish name
3819:Dharma name
3784:By religion
3449:Hongkongese
3274:Australasia
3114:Azerbaijani
2847:Regnal name
2828:Temple name
2658:Middle name
2646:By sequence
2623:Matrilineal
2619:Patrilineal
2506:: 130–151.
2424:On Language
2256: [
1929:Deloitte UK
1788:30 November
1699:19 December
1466:19 December
1304:"metonym".
1172:Antonomasia
902:bureaucracy
894:High Street
850:Wall Street
823:Roman Curia
744:White House
626:advertising
590:Wall Street
586:New Kingdom
544:in Canada;
472:White House
444:verb phrase
356:accelerator
66:August 2023
4696:Categories
4676:Synecdoche
4580:Dysphemism
4553:Ecphonesis
4543:Apostrophe
4485:Spoonerism
4475:Polyptoton
4455:Hyperbaton
4430:Epistrophe
4415:Consonance
4378:Antithesis
4241:Identifier
4224:Onomastics
4165:Legal name
4145:Deadnaming
4041:Diplomatic
3997:Subsidiary
3992:Hereditary
3883:Diplomatic
3802:Papal name
3711:Indonesian
3677:South Asia
3673:Indosphere
3639:Macedonian
3612:Belarusian
3519:Portuguese
3361:Lithuanian
3255:Zimbabwean
3051:Vietnamese
3011:Generation
2978:East Asian
2966:By culture
2940:Stage name
2897:Hypocorism
2862:Pseudonyms
2852:Slave name
2803:Birth name
2755:Teknonymic
2736:Patronymic
2716:Matronymic
2679:Diminutive
2653:First name
2609:Given name
2604:Birth name
1843:Keay, John
1619:2013-12-05
1562:2021-03-22
1387:. p.
1363:2022-06-13
1339:2022-05-01
1290:2017-06-17
1284:"metonymy"
1265:References
1253:Synecdoche
1052:Democritus
985:newspapers
974:"Metonymy"
841:, and the
787:Malacañang
572:in India;
508:Synecdoche
381:contiguity
352:Metalepsis
346:Synecdoche
314:. Whereas
302:synecdoche
283:contiguity
267:metalepsis
263:Synecdoche
257:Background
158:The words
4717:Semantics
4681:Tautology
4607:Apophasis
4585:Euphemism
4568:Hyperbole
4558:Ekphrasis
4450:Hypallage
4440:Hendiadys
4435:Epizeuxis
4425:Epiphrase
4393:Asyndeton
4388:Assonance
4253:Signature
4140:Call sign
4116:Anonymity
4051:Religious
3977:Chivalric
3898:Religious
3893:Judiciary
3878:Honorific
3861:of honour
3760:Sinhalese
3750:Pakistani
3735:Malaysian
3730:Cambodian
3634:Kashubian
3626:Ukrainian
3591:Bulgarian
3530:Praenomen
3467:Icelandic
3338:Hungarian
3139:Pakistani
3074:Mongolian
2928:Ring name
2921:Heteronym
2887:Nicknames
2808:Code name
2760:Toponymic
2750:Sobriquet
2726:Mononymic
2721:Metonymic
2663:Last name
2326:170990814
2306:Semiotica
2229:. Ablex.
1270:Citations
1243:Sobriquet
1197:Euphemism
1192:Enthymeme
1056:Aristotle
1047:Isocrates
955:talk page
910:The Crown
870:Hollywood
732:Whitehall
724:Number 10
688:The Hague
606:Hollywood
570:New Delhi
401:metaphors
320:dichotomy
182:metōnumía
175:μετωνυμία
154:Etymology
50:summarize
4702:Metonymy
4644:Pleonasm
4634:Oxymoron
4629:Metonymy
4624:Metaphor
4597:Innuendo
4573:Adynaton
4538:Aphorism
4523:Allusion
4518:Allegory
4490:Symploce
4465:Isocolon
4398:Chiasmus
4368:Anaphora
4270:Khelrtva
4258:Monogram
4219:Misnomer
4197:Namesake
4131:National
4088:Name day
4046:Judicial
4036:Business
4029:Honorary
4019:Academic
4009:Military
3982:Courtesy
3967:Academic
3932:Academic
3922:Emeritus
3725:Javanese
3706:Filipino
3691:Balinese
3659:Suffixes
3596:Croatian
3559:Romanian
3544:Cognomen
3442:Canadian
3428:American
3409:Germanic
3394:Scottish
3312:Georgian
3302:Estonian
3287:Armenian
3282:Albanian
3240:Ghanaian
3197:Hawaiian
3134:Mandaean
3041:Okinawan
3026:Japanese
2997:Courtesy
2957:Username
2950:Mononyms
2916:Pen name
2902:Monarchs
2875:Art name
2818:Necronym
2798:Aptronym
2711:Eponymic
2672:By trait
2247:(2004).
1905:K Street
1845:(2008).
1720:(2020).
1223:Newspeak
1218:Meronymy
1160:See also
1031:rhetoric
898:red tape
880:for the
878:Broadway
872:for the
862:lobbying
858:K Street
819:Holy See
813:for the
805:for the
789:for the
768:Quantico
762:for the
754:for the
738:and the
734:for the
718:for the
702:for the
690:for the
682:for the
680:Brussels
638:gambling
622:lobbying
594:K Street
530:Toponyms
495:the book
484:Timbuktu
455:Examples
389:metonymy
363:polysemy
332:rhetoric
298:metaphor
275:metaphor
271:Polysemy
160:metonymy
97:Metonymy
25:meronomy
21:meronymy
4619:Litotes
4612:Sarcasm
4590:Meiosis
4350:Schemes
4190:Surname
4111:Acronym
4104:Related
4083:Baptism
3717:Chinese
3701:Burmese
3696:Bengali
3649:Serbian
3619:Russian
3564:Spanish
3551:Agnomen
3514:Occitan
3509:Italian
3499:Catalan
3491:Romance
3478:Swedish
3422:English
3379:Cornish
3356:Latvian
3330:Cypriot
3307:Finnish
3220:Ashanti
3179:Oceania
3169:Turkish
3149:Persian
3144:Pashtun
3119:Bengali
3084:Tibetan
2991:Chinese
2934:Shikona
2840:Notname
2772:Patrial
2765:Surname
2742:Surname
2689:Epithet
2628:Affixes
2614:Surname
2547:8267864
2531:: 1–9.
2410:9557558
2149:Sources
1934:25 June
1208:Kenning
1182:Eggcorn
1150:Picasso
1090:realism
999:scholar
839:Kremlin
811:Vatican
781:or the
775:academy
760:Langley
716:Pullach
708:Kremlin
700:Nairobi
618:finance
614:Detroit
582:Pharaoh
417:English
409:Yiddish
279:analogy
216:-ōnumía
209:-ωνυμία
164:metonym
146:) is a
4671:Simile
4510:Tropes
4500:Zeugma
4495:Tmesis
4403:Climax
4280:Tughra
4185:Middle
4155:Family
3959:Titles
3945:medals
3943:, and
3937:Orders
3917:Suffix
3870:Styles
3829:Hebrew
3755:Sindhi
3740:Indian
3654:Slovak
3644:Polish
3583:Slavic
3504:French
3462:Gothic
3457:German
3371:Celtic
3348:Baltic
3297:Basque
3265:Europe
3250:Yoruba
3192:Fijian
3159:Somali
3154:Sindhi
3129:Coptic
3124:Berber
3109:Arabic
3104:Afghan
3069:Kalmyk
3036:Manchu
3031:Korean
3018:Titles
2782:Virtue
2777:Unisex
2699:Common
2694:Animal
2545:
2480:
2453:
2430:
2408:
2398:
2362:
2341:
2324:
2289:
2266:
2233:
2214:
2210:–288.
2187:
2164:
2084:14 May
2075:
2048:14 May
2039:
2010:
1959:
1886:
1859:
1771:
1730:
1670:
1643:
1587:
1534:
1507:
1441:
1412:
1312:
1233:Simile
1187:Eponym
1142:Lakoff
1070:Cicero
1001:
994:
987:
980:
972:
837:, the
833:, the
809:, and
742:, the
706:, the
640:, and
612:, and
578:Moscow
574:London
558:France
542:Ottawa
516:loonie
474:" or "
413:Arabic
405:Hebrew
328:poetry
304:, and
294:tropes
4602:Irony
4230:-onym
4180:Given
4176:List
4061:Papal
3987:False
3601:Czech
3537:Nomen
3524:Roman
3417:Dutch
3399:Welsh
3384:Irish
3317:Greek
3202:Māori
3164:Tatar
3079:Sakha
2986:Amami
2704:Plant
2543:S2CID
2496:(PDF)
2476:–48.
2406:S2CID
2322:S2CID
2260:]
1782:(PDF)
1761:(PDF)
1238:Slang
1167:-onym
1154:rebus
1006:JSTOR
992:books
914:state
843:Porte
652:press
610:Vegas
566:Japan
562:Tokyo
554:Paris
550:Italy
306:irony
248:ónoma
241:ὄνομα
233:ónuma
226:ὄνυμα
170:
4408:Anti
3853:List
3770:Thai
3680:and
3389:Manx
3272:and
3245:Igbo
2945:List
2892:list
2881:Bugō
2866:list
2588:and
2478:ISBN
2451:ISBN
2428:ISBN
2396:ISBN
2360:ISBN
2339:ISBN
2310:2009
2287:ISBN
2264:ISBN
2231:ISBN
2212:ISBN
2185:ISBN
2162:ISBN
2086:2016
2073:ISBN
2050:2016
2037:ISBN
2008:ISBN
1957:ISBN
1936:2022
1884:ISBN
1857:ISBN
1790:2013
1769:ISBN
1728:ISBN
1701:2012
1668:ISBN
1641:ISBN
1585:ISBN
1532:ISBN
1505:ISBN
1468:2012
1439:ISBN
1410:ISBN
1310:ISBN
1146:Miró
978:news
821:and
815:pope
797:and
777:and
746:and
714:and
546:Rome
415:and
265:and
199:metá
192:μετά
162:and
4654:Pun
3745:Lao
3235:Ewe
3004:Art
2533:doi
2508:doi
2474:221
2388:doi
2314:doi
2208:275
1389:222
1130:Art
961:by
730:or
694:or
592:,
564:in
556:in
548:in
296:":
238:or
84:in
23:or
4698::
3939:,
3267:,
2541:.
2529:14
2527:.
2523:.
2504:70
2502:.
2498:.
2404:.
2394:.
2320:.
2308:.
2304:.
2262:.
2258:de
2183:.
1986:^
1927:.
1851:.
1837:;
1709:^
1691:.
1607:.
1571:^
1554:.
1356:.
1332:.
1119:,
1115:,
908:,
884:;
856:;
845:.
817:,
801:,
793:,
785:,
766:,
758:,
726:,
722:,
698:,
686:,
636:,
632:,
628:,
624:,
620:,
608:,
604:,
600:,
596:,
568:;
560:;
552:;
419:.
285:.
236:)
142:-/
4334:e
4327:t
4320:v
3859:/
3684:)
3675:(
2868:)
2864:(
2621:/
2578:e
2571:t
2564:v
2549:.
2535::
2514:.
2510::
2486:.
2459:.
2436:.
2412:.
2390::
2368:.
2347:.
2328:.
2316::
2295:.
2272:.
2239:.
2220:.
2193:.
2170:.
2088:.
2052:.
2016:.
1981:.
1938:.
1892:.
1865:.
1792:.
1736:.
1703:.
1676:.
1649:.
1622:.
1593:.
1565:.
1540:.
1513:.
1485:.
1470:.
1447:.
1418:.
1391:.
1366:.
1342:.
1318:.
1293:.
1017:)
1013:(
1003:·
996:·
989:·
982:·
965:.
951:.
251:)
245:(
230:(
219:)
213:(
202:)
196:(
185:)
179:(
139:ɛ
136:m
133:,
130:i
127:m
124:ɪ
121:n
118:ɒ
115:t
112:ˈ
109:ɪ
106:m
103:/
99:(
68:)
64:(
54:.
27:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
