342:
331:
415:
85:), controller of the Menus-Plaisirs, was invariably in attendance, to hear directly from the king what plans were to be set in motion; by long-standing convention, he was a duke; though he was not a professional, it was up to him to determine the appropriate designs. The duke in charge of the Menus et Plaisirs du Roy was an important court official, quite separate from the Surintendant des
434:
were played out. A provisionally fitted-out space was arranged in the building to seat the
Assembly of Notables in 1787, and again in 1788. Then, to accommodate the press of representatives of the three estates, in the Estates-General, a grander but still temporary Salle des Ătats designed by
297:, the personnel of the Menus-Plaisirs and the king's musicians. Ordinary expenses entailed the constant renewal of the King's wardrobe and that of the Dauphin, religious ceremonies of all kinds, the king's carriages, small royal gifts like snuffboxes, tents and pavilions for outdoor events.
491:
Eriksen 1974 notes that though the catafalque for the king and queen of Spain, at the funeral in Notre-Dame, 15 January 1760, marked the first appearance in court circles of neoclassical design, it is not clear whether the duc de
Durfort de Duras played any role in its
176:
were engaged in projects that were of great moment in expressing the prestige of the court, but which have left little behind, except designs and some commemorative engravings, produced under the supervision of the
Cabinet du Roi. The architect
463:, who lived in it for sixteen years. After his death, the structure was enlarged and converted into a site for spectacles and concerts, taking its new name, and served to house members of the imperial family: here the future
151:
Many designers were required at the Menus-Plaisirs. From the sixteenth century on, a main responsibility of court architects in Europe was the occasional design of lavish ephemeral settings for processional entries, for
127:
in 1723, a position he held until the king's death in 1774, was a noted connoisseur of objets d'art and the arts of life, though not, apparently, of paintings. The duc d'Aumont appointed the renowned gilt-bronze maker
363:
The music required for these entertainments was also a concern of the Menus-Plaisirs du Roi. Beginning in 1762 the music section was established on a large site extending north from the rue BergĂšre and west of the
106:
62:
responsible for the "lesser pleasures of the King", which meant in practice that it was in charge of all the preparations for ceremonies, events and festivities, down to the last detail of design and order.
240:
provided the commemorative engravings, which are often our only record, and sold them. The functions of design and commemoration overlapped, needless to say. The position was extremely influential: both
383:
organized the Ăcole Royale de
Musique, which was housed in buildings on this site on the rue BergĂšre, and in 1793 the Institut National de Musique, responsible for training instrumentalists of the
120:
204:, whose brevet in 1674 covered his responsibilities "for all sorts of designs, perspectives, figures and costumes that it would be required to make for plays, ballets, chases at the ring,
208:..." The purview of the Menus-Plaisirs did not normally extend to furniture, but among its expenses in 1692 were "the furniture and the silversmiths' work for the apartments of the King".
89:, who was an architect or aristocrat in charge of all building operations undertaken by the Crown. The dukes in charge might leave the design process entirely to the professional
98:
563:
pour toutes sortes de desseins, perspectives, Figures et habits qu'il conviendrait Faire pour les
Comedies, Balets Courses de bagues et Carousels..."
802:
135:
of the Menus-Plaisirs in 1767 and appointed the architect
Bellanger to the Menus-Plaisirs in the same year. For most of the reign of Louis XVI, the
181:
worked for several years for the Menus-Plaisirs du Roi, 1735â51, making detailed renderings for the engravers of architectural designs by the
313:
was considered part of the design of the festivities as a whole; thus in the Menus-Plaisirs, the design was entrusted by the duc d'Aumont to
160:, for the structures that supported fireworks and illuminations on nights of grand fĂȘtes for dynastic marriages and births, or to design the
797:
341:
426:
to house the multiple activities of the Menus-Plaisirs. It still stands, at 22, avenue de Paris, now rendered famous as the site of the
380:
282:
612:
as a publishing venture was examined by C. Ferraton, "Les fĂȘtes de Louis XIV et le cabinet de planches gravĂ©es fondĂ© par
Colbert"
330:
440:
439:
was set up in one of the two courtyards of the HĂŽtel des Menus-Plaisirs. The old HĂŽtel des Menus-Plaisirs is now the home of the
309:. An exception is instructive: the design of the jewel cabinet made as a wedding present for the wedding of the Dauphin Louis to
756:
748:
707:
792:
807:
395:
189:
began his career in 1767 working at the Menus-Plaisirs, both designing ephemeral decorations for court entertainments.
28:
305:
The Menus-Plaisirs were not in charge of the essential furniture of the royal palaces, which were the province of the
552:.3 (Autumn 2001), pp. 260-278; p. 276 note 3 gives a bibliography concerning Cochin's work for the Menus-Plaisirs.
403:
365:
17:
73:
451:
In Moscow, near the
Kremlin's walls, between the KomendantskaĂŻa Tower and the TroĂŻtskaĂŻa Tower, stands the
186:
277:
In addition to these extraordinary expenses, which interest the historian of taste, the journal of the last
677:
501:
At the sale of his collection after his death, in 1782, purchases were made on behalf of Marie-Antoinette.
285:(1727-1794) describes as well the ordinary expenses, for the Menus-Plaisirs dispensed the salaries of the
812:
777:
306:
82:
250:
143:, whose journal (published in 1887) throws a great deal of light on the organization of court ceremony.
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brothers, one after another, 1750-64. The appointment of the neo-classical architect-designer
197:
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200:, but the wholly independent artistic force at the menus-plaisirs until his death in 1711 was
233:
399:
8:
193:
129:
86:
373:
262:
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Carter E. Foster, "Charles-Nicolas Cochin and
Festival Design for the Menus-Plaisirs"
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In addition, extensive descriptions were published after each notable event in the
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369:
55:
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46:
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Le
Conservatoire de Paris, des Menus-Plaisirs à la Cité de la musique, 1795-1995
115:
778:
Robin Emlein "The Politics of Pleasure: Partying in the Gardens of Versailles"
741:
Dictionnaire des théùtres parisiens au XIXe siÚcle: les théùtres et la musique
786:
578:"les Meubles et l'argenterie pour les appartements du Roi" (Kimball 1943:40).
387:
266:
169:
59:
732:. The Menus-Plaisirs during the tenure of the successive brothers Slodtz as
265:
in 1764 marked a turning point: through his designs for the Menus-Plaisirs,
376:. The site was soon expanded until it reached the rue Richer on the north.
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Plan and long section of the HĂŽtel des Menus-Plaisirs on the rue BergĂšre (
236:, who gave formal structure to all the official arts under Louis XIV. The
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in 1769, well in advance of the wedding. It was delivered on 1 May 1770.
173:
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Within the Menus-Plaisirs, a hierarchical structure prevailed, with an
161:
418:
The meeting of the Estates General, in the Salle des Ătats, 5 May 1789
368:. The facilities included what had previously been the theatre of the
764:
390:, was also located here. The two institutions were merged into the
314:
205:
414:
409:
595:(held by Papillon de la Ferté at the time) was exchanged for a
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as collection of works of art and curiositiesâwas organized by
182:
157:
153:
51:
27:"Menus-Plaisirs" redirects here. For the documentary film, see
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Les Grandes FĂȘtes et leurs DĂ©cors Ă l'Ăpoque de Louis XVI
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Les Grandes FĂȘtes et leurs DĂ©cors Ă l'Ăpoque de Louis XVI
446:
406:
was constructed at 14 Boulevard de Strasbourg in Paris.
66:
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Under Louis XV a structure was erected in the town of
320:
224:
in charge of the orderly production of designs. The
99:Louis-François-Armand du Plessis, duc de Richelieu
784:
196:, the architect in charge of the BĂątiments was
222:Dessinateur de la Chambre et du Cabinet du Roi
95:dessinateur du cabinet et de la chambre du Roy
678:(French Knowledge)"Palais des Menus Plaisirs"
410:HĂŽtel des Menus-Plaisirs du Roi in Versailles
34:Administrative unit at the French royal court
646:Wild 1989, p. 258; Gourret 1985, pp. 81â84
97:; so did two dukes with military careers,
455:, built in 1652 for the father-in-law of
413:
93:in charge, whose right-hand man was the
700:Histoire des salles de l'Opéra de Paris
441:Centre de Musique Baroque de Versailles
107:Emmanuel-Félicité, duc de Durfort-Duras
14:
785:
283:Denis-Pierre-Jean Papillon de la Ferté
803:Arts and culture in the Ancien RĂ©gime
447:Menus-Plaisirs at the court of Russia
228:âin the seventeenth-century sense of
164:for a state funeral. Architects like
45:
702:, p. 83. Paris: Guy Trédaniel.
430:, at which the opening moves of the
287:Premiers Gentilshommes de la Chambre
269:was introduced at the French court.
67:The controller of the Menus-Plaisirs
619:(SeptemberâOctober 1947), pp 26-28.
467:received his elementary education.
24:
402:a different theatre with the name
121:Louis-Marie-Augustin, duc d'Aumont
50:) was, in the organisation of the
25:
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798:Court titles in the Ancien RĂ©gime
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743:. Paris: Aux Amateurs de livres.
321:Music division on the rue BergĂšre
139:of the Menus-Plaisirs du Roi was
125:premier gentilhomme de la chambre
79:premier gentilhomme de la chambre
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664:Anne Bongrain and Yves GĂ©rard,
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398:was added in 1811. Under the
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291:Grand MaĂźtre de la Garde-Robe
695:. London: Faber & Faber.
668:(Paris:Buchet-Chastel) 1999.
587:Until 1762 there was also a
366:rue du Faubourg PoissonniĂšre
253:, the genius of the extreme
220:supervising the whole and a
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7:
793:State ritual and ceremonies
720:Souchal, Françoise (1967).
307:Garde-Meuble de la Couronne
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83:Gentleman of the Bedchamber
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808:European court festivities
567:The Creation of the Rococo
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54:royal household under the
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761:View formats and editions
396:Conservatory Concert Hall
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293:, the king's doctor, the
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47:[mÉnypleziÊdyÊwa]
724:. Paris: Ă. de Boccard.
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392:Conservatoire de Musique
251:Juste-AurĂšle Meissonnier
187:François-Joseph Bélanger
58:, the department of the
691:Eriksen, Svend (1974).
655:Wild 1989, pp. 258â262.
637:Eriksen 1974:plate 448.
599:in 1780. (Boysse 1887:5
428:Estates-General of 1789
281:of the Menus-Plaisirs,
101:(1696-1788), appointed
698:Gourret, Jean (1985).
519:Alain-Charles Gruber,
419:
394:in August 1795. A new
198:Jules Hardouin-Mansart
192:In the later reign of
179:Charles-Nicolas Cochin
739:Wild, Nicole (1989).
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295:médecin de la Chambre
123:(1709â82), appointed
43:French pronunciation:
39:Menus-Plaisirs du Roi
523:(Geneva: Droz) 1972.
400:French Second Empire
381:Papillon de la Ferté
141:Papillon de la Ferté
510:Eriksen 1974:148-49
437:Pierre-Adrien PĂąris
111:premier gentilhomme
103:premier gentilhomme
813:French royal court
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374:Saint-Laurent Fair
263:Michel-Ange Challe
257:, followed by the
757:978-2-905053-80-0
749:978-0-8288-2586-3
708:978-2-85707-180-8
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686:References
589:ContrĂŽleur
424:Versailles
162:catafalque
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212:Personnel
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194:Louis XIV
137:intendant
91:intendant
765:WorldCat
379:In 1784
315:Belanger
273:Expenses
166:Leonardo
730:2007226
492:design.
372:at the
247:his son
234:Colbert
230:cabinet
158:ballets
154:masques
81:(First
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301:Limits
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255:rococo
185:. and
147:Design
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113:(and
74:lever
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608:The
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