37:
230:
168:
DDD is associated with deposition of complement C3 within the glomeruli with little or no staining for immunoglobulin. The presence of C3 without significant immunoglobulin suggested to early investigators that DDD was due to abnormal activation of the complement alternative pathway (AP). There is
581:
Smith, Richard J.H.; Appel, Gerald B.; Blom, Anna M.; Cook, H. Terence; D’Agati, Vivette D.; Fakhouri, Fadi; Fremeaux-Bacchi, Véronique; Józsi, Mihály; Kavanagh, David; Lambris, John D.; Noris, Marina; Pickering, Matthew C.; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; de Córdoba, Santiago
Rodriguez; Sethi, Sanjeev (March
203:
Type III is very rare, it is characterized by a mixture of subepithelial and subendothelial immune and/or complement deposits. These deposits elicit an immune response, causing damage to cells and structures within their vicinity. Has similar pathological findings of Type I disease.
480:
Niepolski, Leszek; Czekała, Anna; Seget-Dubaniewicz, Monika; Frydrychowicz, Magdalena; Talarska-Markiewicz, Patrycja; Kowalska, Angelika; Szmelter, Jagoda; Salwa-Żurawska, Wiesława; Sirek, Tomasz; Sobański, Dawid; Grabarek, Beniamin Oskar; Żurawski, Jakub (2023-04-05).
1038:
1018:
351:
Colville D, Guymer R, Sinclair RA, Savige J (August 2003). "Visual impairment caused by retinal abnormalities in mesangiocapillary (membranoproliferative) glomerulonephritis type II ("dense deposit disease")".
792:
Colville D, Guymer R, Sinclair RA, Savige J (2003). "Visual impairment caused by retinal abnormalities in mesangiocapillary (membranoproliferative) glomerulonephritis type II ("dense deposit disease")".
386:
314:
Primary MPGN is treated with steroids, plasma exchange and other immunosuppressive drugs. Secondary MPGN is treated by treating the associated infection, autoimmune disease or neoplasms.
827:
Pickering, M. C., D’Agati, V. D., Nester, C. M., Smith, R. J., Haas, M., Appel, G. B., … Cook, H. T. (2013). C3 glomerulopathy: consensus report. Kidney
International, 84(6), 1079–1089.
736:(reviewed in Appel et al., 2005; Smith et al., 2007). Smith, R. J. ., Harris, C. L., & Pickering, M. C. (2011). Dense Deposit Disease. Molecular Immunology, 48(14), 1604–1610.
916:
445:
West CD, McAdams AJ (March 1998). "Glomerular paramesangial deposits: association with hypocomplementemia in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis types I and III".
155:
1479:
1289:
1428:
1220:
44:
Micrograph of glomerulus in membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis with increased mesangial matrix and increased mesangial cellularity.
1406:
1367:
1284:
1345:
119:
There are three types of MPGN, but this classification is becoming obsolete as the causes of this pattern are becoming understood.
1379:
1336:
749:
Swainson CP, Robson JS, Thomson D, MacDonald MK (1983). "Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis: a long-term study of 40 cases".
983:
881:
Neary J, Dorman A, Campbell E, Keogan M, Conlon P (July 2002). "Familial membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type III".
391:
930:
1061:
1261:
1418:
1213:
150:(DDD). Most cases of dense deposit disease do not show a membranoproliferative pattern. It forms a continuum with
1389:
641:"Factor I is required for the development of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis in factor H-deficient mice"
331:
1183:
234:
172:
Spontaneous remissions of MPGN II are rare; approximately half of those affected with MPGN II will progress to
162:
1266:
191:
of the eye. Over time, vision can deteriorate, and subretinal neovascular membranes, macular detachment, and
108:
291:
256:
238:
135:
90:
36:
1206:
841:
1248:
1315:
192:
188:
842:"Linkage of a gene causing familial membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis type III to chromosome 1"
1371:
1276:
1187:
287:
1423:
1349:
1075:
1256:
283:
214:
173:
131:
depositing in the kidney. It is characterised by subendothelial and mesangial immune deposits.
1192:
1115:
955:
303:
245:
Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis involves deposits at the intraglomerular mesangium.
151:
1357:
1310:
315:
268:
539:
8:
1474:
1152:
1042:
184:
517:
482:
264:
1453:
1448:
1331:
1239:
858:
774:
719:
665:
640:
616:
583:
218:
101:
78:
1055:
1051:
1047:
806:
365:
1172:
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979:
898:
863:
810:
766:
711:
670:
621:
603:
563:
522:
504:
462:
427:
369:
111:, a condition in which the basement membrane is thickened, but the mesangium is not.
94:
57:
778:
723:
458:
1198:
890:
853:
802:
758:
701:
660:
652:
611:
595:
553:
512:
494:
454:
417:
361:
233:
Renal corpuscle. Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis involves deposits at the
128:
1126:
688:
Licht C, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Kirschfink M, Zipfel PF, Hoppe B (January 2007).
1396:
1384:
1080:
499:
260:
737:
1229:
1091:
978:(19th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 2015. p. 1841.
934:
276:
1164:
1137:
706:
689:
599:
558:
541:
479:
406:"Dense deposit disease: a variant of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis"
1468:
607:
508:
45:
1031:
1027:
894:
762:
1410:
1176:
902:
867:
814:
715:
674:
625:
567:
526:
373:
208:
770:
584:"C3 glomerulopathy — understanding a rare complement-driven renal disease"
466:
431:
1132:
1110:
687:
542:"Dense deposit disease is not a membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis"
540:
Patrick D Walker; Franco
Ferrario; Kensuke Joh; Stephen M Bonsib (2007).
272:
249:
1165:"Dense Deposit Disease/Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Type II"
1010:
422:
405:
306:" appearance under the microscope. Mesangial cellularity is increased.
62:
1162:
1138:
Dense
Deposit Disease/Membranoproliferative Glomerulonephritis Type II
828:
169:
now strong evidence that DDD is caused by uncontrolled AP activation.
1157:
1121:
690:"MPGN II--genetically determined by defective complement regulation?"
656:
319:
229:
86:
49:
639:
Rose KL, Paixao-Cavalcante D, Fish J, et al. (February 2008).
255:
It also is related to a number of autoimmune diseases, prominently
1069:
1066:
1022:
931:"Membranoproliferative_glomerulonephritis_type_I of the Kidney"
180:
82:
748:
100:
MPGN accounts for approximately 4% of primary renal causes of
791:
350:
1153:
Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative Types I, II, III
221:. it is associated with complement receptor 6 deficiency.
880:
840:
Neary JJ, Conlon PJ, Croke D, et al. (August 2002).
638:
271:, inherited complement deficiencies (esp C3 deficiency),
161:
Most cases are associated with the dysregulation of the
1167:. In Pagon RA, Bird TD, Dolan CR, et al. (eds.).
1163:
Corchado, Johnny Cruz, Smith, Richard JH (July 2007).
404:
Habib R, Gubler MC, Loirat C, Mäiz HB, Levy M (1975).
302:
The GBM is rebuilt on top of the deposits, causing a "
403:
1228:
1000:
154:; together they make up the two major subgroups of
580:
141:
1466:
839:
1195:discusses the nephritic auto-antibodies/factors
179:In many cases, people with MPGN II can develop
1429:Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
1214:
127:Type I, the most common by far, is caused by
833:
738:http://doi.org/10.1016/j.molimm.2011.04.005/
681:
632:
444:
344:
1221:
1207:
976:Harrison's principles of internal medicine
483:"Diagnostic Problems in C3 Glomerulopathy"
438:
387:"membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis"
35:
857:
705:
664:
615:
557:
516:
498:
421:
134:It is believed to be associated with the
1171:. Seattle WA: University of Washington.
228:
207:A candidate gene has been identified on
146:Type II is today more commonly known as
71:Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
22:Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
1295:Membranoproliferative/mesangiocapillary
1467:
1480:Hepatitis C virus-associated diseases
1202:
322:are useful in reducing viral load.
30:Mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis
13:
859:10.1097/01.ASN.0000022006.49966.F8
829:http://doi.org/10.1038/ki.2013.377
237:which leads to "splitting" of the
14:
1491:
996:
1419:Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
1230:Disease of the kidney glomerules
968:
948:
923:
909:
874:
821:
785:
742:
730:
459:10.1053/ajkd.1998.v31.pm9506679
332:Diffuse proliferative nephritis
142:Type II – Dense deposit disease
107:It should not be confused with
574:
533:
473:
397:
380:
163:alternative complement pathway
104:in children and 7% in adults.
1:
807:10.1016/S0272-6386(03)00665-6
366:10.1016/S0272-6386(03)00665-6
337:
109:membranous glomerulonephritis
93:) thickening, activating the
500:10.3390/biomedicines11041101
392:Dorland's Medical Dictionary
309:
297:
292:thrombotic microangiopathies
257:systemic lupus erythematosus
239:glomerular basement membrane
224:
136:classical complement pathway
97:and damaging the glomeruli.
7:
1290:Endocapillary proliferative
325:
198:
10:
1496:
588:Nature Reviews. Nephrology
193:central serous retinopathy
189:retinal pigment epithelium
183:caused by deposits within
81:caused by deposits in the
1441:
1405:
1372:Type III hypersensitivity
1366:
1344:
1328:
1303:
1275:
1247:
1236:
1101:
1004:
707:10.1007/s00467-006-0299-8
600:10.1038/s41581-018-0107-2
559:10.1038/modpathol.3800773
288:transplant glomerulopathy
235:intraglomerular mesangium
122:
56:
43:
34:
26:
21:
1424:Microscopic polyangiitis
1350:Type II hypersensitivity
1188:Nephropathology tutorial
1184:Membranoproliferative_GN
252:associated nephropathy.
1285:Mesangial proliferative
895:10.1053/ajkd.2002.33932
763:10.1002/path.1711410404
174:end stage renal disease
114:
89:and basement membrane (
284:differential diagnosis
242:
215:Complement component 3
1390:diffuse proliferative
1193:MP GN Pathophysiology
1034:with .5 and .6 suffix
282:The histomorphologic
232:
152:C3 glomerulonephritis
148:dense deposit disease
1358:Goodpasture syndrome
316:Pegylated interferon
269:rheumatoid arthritis
248:It is also the main
846:J. Am. Soc. Nephrol
1454:glomerulonephrosis
1449:glomerulonephritis
1380:Post-streptococcal
1102:External resources
423:10.1038/ki.1975.32
263:. Also found with
243:
219:immunofluorescence
176:within ten years.
102:nephrotic syndrome
79:glomerulonephritis
1462:
1461:
1437:
1436:
1324:
1323:
1249:Non-proliferative
1147:
1146:
985:978-0-07-180216-1
956:"Renal Pathology"
883:Am. J. Kidney Dis
795:Am. J. Kidney Dis
447:Am. J. Kidney Dis
354:Am. J. Kidney Dis
156:C3 glomerulopathy
95:complement system
68:
67:
16:Medical condition
1487:
1342:
1341:
1245:
1244:
1223:
1216:
1209:
1200:
1199:
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1002:
1001:
990:
989:
972:
966:
965:
963:
962:
952:
946:
945:
943:
942:
933:. Archived from
927:
921:
920:
913:
907:
906:
889:(1): e1.1–e1.6.
878:
872:
871:
861:
837:
831:
825:
819:
818:
789:
783:
782:
746:
740:
734:
728:
727:
709:
694:Pediatr. Nephrol
685:
679:
678:
668:
657:10.1172/JCI32525
636:
630:
629:
619:
578:
572:
571:
561:
546:Modern Pathology
537:
531:
530:
520:
502:
477:
471:
470:
442:
436:
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425:
401:
395:
384:
378:
377:
348:
265:Sjögren syndrome
185:Bruch's membrane
129:immune complexes
39:
19:
18:
1495:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1488:
1486:
1485:
1484:
1465:
1464:
1463:
1458:
1433:
1401:
1362:
1335:
1330:
1320:
1299:
1271:
1262:Focal segmental
1238:
1232:
1227:
1148:
1143:
1142:
1097:
1096:
1013:
999:
994:
993:
986:
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954:
953:
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940:
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928:
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879:
875:
838:
834:
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790:
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735:
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686:
682:
645:J. Clin. Invest
637:
633:
579:
575:
538:
534:
478:
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398:
385:
381:
349:
345:
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328:
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144:
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77:) is a type of
17:
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1382:
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1287:
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1279:
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1257:Minimal change
1253:
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1234:
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1226:
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1035:
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1005:Classification
998:
997:External links
995:
992:
991:
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967:
947:
922:
908:
873:
832:
820:
784:
741:
729:
680:
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594:(3): 129–143.
573:
552:(6): 605–616.
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342:
341:
339:
336:
335:
334:
327:
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311:
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277:Celiac disease
226:
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217:is seen under
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1277:Proliferative
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1024:
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951:
937:on 2006-09-10
936:
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852:(8): 2052–7.
851:
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812:
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800:
796:
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780:
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768:
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760:
757:(4): 449–68.
756:
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733:
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717:
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651:(2): 608–18.
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519:
514:
510:
506:
501:
496:
492:
488:
484:
476:
468:
464:
460:
456:
453:(3): 427–34.
452:
448:
441:
433:
429:
424:
419:
416:(4): 204–15.
415:
411:
407:
400:
394:
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388:
383:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
347:
343:
333:
330:
329:
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321:
317:
307:
305:
304:tram tracking
295:
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195:can develop.
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64:
61:
59:
55:
51:
47:
46:Kidney biopsy
42:
38:
33:
29:
25:
20:
1411:Pauci-immune
1407:Type III RPG
1304:By condition
1294:
1168:
1151:
1131:
1120:
1109:
1085:
1074:
1060:
1037:
1017:
975:
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959:. Retrieved
950:
939:. Retrieved
935:the original
925:
911:
886:
882:
876:
849:
845:
835:
823:
798:
794:
787:
754:
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693:
683:
648:
644:
634:
591:
587:
576:
549:
545:
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490:
487:Biomedicines
486:
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413:
409:
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390:
382:
357:
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281:
254:
247:
244:
213:
209:chromosome 1
206:
202:
187:beneath the
178:
171:
167:
160:
147:
145:
133:
126:
118:
106:
99:
74:
70:
69:
1368:Type II RPG
1316:Amyloidosis
1169:GeneReviews
1133:GeneReviews
1111:MedlinePlus
801:(2): E2–5.
493:(4): 1101.
360:(2): E2–5.
273:scleroderma
250:hepatitis C
85:glomerular
27:Other names
1475:Nephrology
1469:Categories
1346:Type I RPG
1267:Membranous
1087:DiseasesDB
961:2008-11-25
941:2008-11-25
917:"UpToDate"
700:(1): 2–9.
410:Kidney Int
338:References
63:Nephrology
1332:nephritic
1329:Primarily
1240:nephrotic
1237:Primarily
1158:eMedicine
1122:eMedicine
751:J. Pathol
608:1759-5061
509:2227-9059
320:ribavirin
310:Treatment
298:Diagnosis
286:includes
225:Pathology
87:mesangium
58:Specialty
50:PAS stain
1311:Diabetic
1177:20301598
903:12087587
868:12138136
815:12900843
779:25434508
724:14776253
716:17024390
675:18202746
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