225:. The density is typically between 500 and 1,000 kg/m (31 and 62 lb/cu ft). The range of density and classification as light-, standard-, or high-density board is a misnomer and confusing. The density of the board, when evaluated in relation to the density of the fibre that goes into making the panel, is important. A thick MDF panel at a density of 700–720 kg/m (44–45 lb/cu ft) may be considered as high density in the case of softwood fibre panels, whereas a panel of the same density made of hardwood fibres is not regarded as so. The evolution of the various types of MDF has been driven by differing need for specific applications.
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activates the bonding resin and sets the strength and density profile. The pressing cycle operates in stages, with the mat thickness being first compressed to around 1.5 times the finished board thickness, then compressed further in stages and held for a short period. This gives a board profile with zones of increased density, thus mechanical strength, near the two faces of the board and a less dense core.
133:
621:
in particleboard and plywood fabrication. E1 and E2 are classified as having 9 and 30 g of formaldehyde per 100 g of glue, respectively. All around the world, variable certification and labeling schemes are there for such products that can be explicit to formaldehyde release, such as that of
Californian Air Resources Board.
386:
components (hardener, dye, urea, and so on) can be injected into blowline even at a high pressure (100 bar, 10 MPa, 1,500 psi) and the drying process continues inside a long pipe to the exit cyclones, that is connected to the heating chamber. This fibre may be used immediately, or stored.
633:
surface layer. In modern construction, spurred by the high costs of hardwoods, manufacturers have been adopting this approach to achieve a high-quality finishing wrap covering over a standard MDF board. One common type uses oak veneer. Making veneered MDF is a complex procedure, which involves taking
620:
According to
International Composite Board Emission Standards, three European formaldehyde classes are used, E0, E1, and E2, based on the measurement of formaldehyde emission levels. For instance, E0 is classified as having less than 3 mg of formaldehyde out of every 100 g of the glue used
433:
since the fibres are pressed tightly together through the sheet. Typical MDF has a hard, flat, smooth surface that makes it ideal for veneering, as no underlying grain is available to telegraph through the thin veneer as with plywood. A so-called "premium" MDF is available that features more uniform
380:
From the defibrator, the pulp enters a blowline, a distinctive part of the MDF process. This is an expanding circular pipeline, initially 40 mm in diameter, increasing to 1500 mm. Wax is injected in the first stage, which coats the fibres and is distributed evenly by the turbulent movement
592:
that pose health risks at concentrations considered unsafe, for at least several months after manufacture. Urea-formaldehyde is always being slowly released from the edges and surface of MDF. When painting, coating all sides of the finished piece is a good practice to seal in the free formaldehyde.
394:
Dry fibre gets sucked into the top of a "pendistor", which evenly distributes fibre into a uniform mat below it, usually of 230–610 mm thickness. The mat is precompressed and either sent straight to a continuous hot press or cut into large sheets for a multiple-opening hot press. The hot press
385:
resin is then injected as the main bonding agent. The wax improves moisture resistance and the resin initially helps reduce clumping. The material dries quickly in the final heated expansion chamber of the blowline and expands into a fine, fluffy and lightweight fibre. The glue and the other
377:. A typical defibrator consists of two counter-rotating discs with grooves in their faces. Chips are fed into the centre and are fed outwards between the discs by centrifugal force. The decreasing size of the grooves gradually separates the fibres, aided by the softened lignin between them.
369:, MDF is characterised by the next part of the process, and how the fibres are processed as individual, but intact, fibres and vessels, manufactured through a dry process. The chips are then compacted into small plugs using a screw feeder, heated for 30–120 seconds to soften the
356:
process. A typical disk chipper contains four to 16 blades. Any resulting chips that are too large may be rechipped; undersized chips may be used as fuel. The chips are then washed and checked for defects. Chips may be stored in bulk, as a reserve for manufacturing.
405:
The environmental impact of MDF has greatly improved over the years. Today, many MDF boards are made from a variety of materials. These include other woods, scrap, recycled paper, bamboo, carbon fibres and polymers, forest thinnings, and sawmill off-cuts.
609:(IARC), in 1995, also classified it as a "probable human carcinogen". Further information and evaluation of all known data led the IARC to reclassify formaldehyde as a "known human carcinogen" associated with nasal sinus cancer and
638:
thick and then, through high pressure and stretching methods, wrapping them around the profiled MDF boards. This is possible only with simple profiles; otherwise, when the thin wood layer dries, it breaks at bends and angles.
449:
also work well. MDF is not susceptible to splitting when screws are installed in the face of the material, but due to the alignment of the wood fibres, may split when screws are installed in the edge of the board without
596:
Whether these constant emissions of formaldehyde reach harmful levels in real-world environments is not fully determined. The primary concern is for the industries using formaldehyde. As far back as 1987, the
557:
industry. MDF is primarily used for indoor applications due to its poor moisture resistance. It is available in raw form, or with a finely sanded surface, or with a decorative overlay.
250:
Although similar manufacturing processes are used in making all types of fibreboard, MDF has a typical density of 600–800 kg/m or 0.022–0.029 lb/in, in contrast to
1114:
409:
As manufacturers are being pressured to come up with greener products, they have started testing and using nontoxic binders. New raw materials are being introduced.
563:
MDF's density makes it a useful material for the walls of pipe-organ chambers, allowing sound, particularly bass, to be reflected out of the chamber into the hall.
708:
445:. Smooth-shank nails do not hold well, and neither do fine-pitch screws, especially in the edge. Special screws are available with a coarse thread pitch, but
3499:
328:, but a variety of other products have also been used, including other woods, waste paper, and fibres. Where moisture resistance is desired, a proportion of
847:
922:"IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans Volume 88 (2006) Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxypropan-2-ol"
588:
are commonly used to bind together the fibres in MDF, and testing has consistently revealed that MDF products emit free formaldehyde and other
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771:
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606:
100:
53:
72:
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17:
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After pressing, MDF is cooled in a star dryer or cooling carousel, trimmed, and sanded. In certain applications, boards are also
79:
1981:
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68:
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1197:
ASTM D5651 - 95a(2008) Standard Test Method for
Surface Bond Strength of Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
712:
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119:
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the board. Screwing into the edge of a board will generally cause it to split in a fashion similar to delaminating.
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1937:
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741:
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Wax and oil finishes may be used as finishes, but they are less effective at sealing in the free formaldehyde.
57:
984:"Effects of post-manufacture board treatments on formaldehyde emission : a literature review (1960-1984)"
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709:"Medium Density Fiberboard, Moulding, Embossing, Kitchen Cabinets – Composite Panel Association"
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760:. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Cellulose Modification. Honolulu, USA.
198:. Large-scale production of MDF began in the 1980s, in both North America and Europe.
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1785:
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1351:
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1024:
1013:"Sources of formaldehyde, other aldehydes and terpenes in a new manufactured house"
519:
399:
1346:
925:
560:
MDF is also usable for furniture such as cabinets, because of its strong surface.
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3194:
3130:
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are becoming popular fibres because they are a fast-growing, renewable resource.
148:
779:. Gaithersburg, MD: Composite Panel Association. 2002. p. 3. Archived from
579:
When MDF is cut, a large quantity of dust particulate is released into the air.
522:-edged cutting tools is almost mandatory, as high-speed steel dulls too quickly.
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184:
1061:"ALDEHYDE EMISSIONS FROM PARTICLEBOARD AND MEDIUM DENSITY FIBERBOARD PRODUCTS"
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classified it as a "probable human carcinogen", and after more studies, the
538:
525:
Though it does not have a grain in the plane of the board, it does have one
266:
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species may be used, making use of the endemic oil content of such trees.
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3555:
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3002:
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2195:
1990:
1901:
1886:
1871:
1535:
1421:
1276:
630:
353:
352:. The debarked logs are sent to the MDF plant, where they go through the
341:
317:
168:
340:
The trees are debarked after being cut. The bark can be sold for use in
201:
Over time, the term "MDF" has become a generic name for any dry-process
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and may cause allergy, eye and lung irritation when cutting and sanding
512:
451:
374:
321:
214:
202:
195:
156:
629:
Veneered MDF provides many of the advantages of MDF with a decorative
571:
3388:
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2793:
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2614:
2549:
2185:
2120:
2065:
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2050:
1734:
1729:
1609:
1604:
1558:
1540:
1448:
1371:
1316:
1306:
1301:
653:
614:
430:
313:
255:
479:
Stable dimensions (less expansion and contraction than natural wood)
270:
Development of the worldwide production of MDF by region 1995-2021.
35:
3368:
3348:
2992:
2957:
2693:
2569:
2496:
2438:
2403:
2398:
2295:
2214:
2125:
2090:
2085:
1907:
1841:
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1719:
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1651:
1631:
1583:
1530:
1513:
1453:
1431:
1381:
550:
366:
329:
172:
183:
similar in application to plywood. It is stronger and denser than
151:
product made by breaking down hardwood or softwood residuals into
3545:
3540:
3433:
3403:
3363:
3307:
3161:
3140:
3032:
2987:
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2599:
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2433:
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2240:
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2115:
1816:
1790:
1714:
1525:
1518:
1480:
1438:
1011:
Hodgson, A. T.; Beal, D.; McIlvaine, J. E. R. (1 December 2002).
734:
European forest sector outlook study: 1960/2000/2020, main report
549:
MDF is often used in school projects because of its flexibility.
464:
425:
MDF does not contain knots or rings, making it more uniform than
345:
191:
176:
1201:
3535:
3264:
3012:
2763:
2713:
2609:
2579:
2519:
2393:
2318:
2280:
2233:
2100:
2018:
1775:
1676:
1636:
1341:
1336:
1251:
1240:
437:
MDF may be glued, doweled, or laminated. Typical fasteners are
414:
370:
1959:
488:
High screw pull-out strength in the face grain of the material
233:
The different kinds of MDF (sometimes labeled by colour) are:
3413:
3322:
3317:
3302:
2723:
2514:
2507:
2478:
2458:
2428:
2413:
2373:
2358:
2348:
2333:
2328:
2308:
2285:
2260:
2180:
1856:
1588:
1568:
1386:
1286:
1271:
585:
438:
410:
164:
132:
1171:
English, Brent, John A. Youngquist, and
Andrzej M. Krzysik,
429:
during cutting and in service. However, MDF is not entirely
3312:
2841:
2778:
2703:
2584:
2539:
2534:
2270:
2014:
1291:
1232:
501:
Low-grade MDF may swell and break when saturated with water
152:
1115:"Which Particleboard and Plywood Standard Should you Use?"
753:
3438:
2929:
2698:
2524:
2418:
2250:
1646:
160:
179:. It is made up of separated fibre but can be used as a
1186:. New York: Hanser Publishers: 115–130; 1994. Chapter 6
842:
840:
838:
836:
834:
832:
830:
504:
May warp or expand in humid environments if not sealed
3500:
International
Federation of Building and Wood Workers
848:"The Manufacturing Process Medium Density Fibreboard"
1010:
684:
167:
binder, and forming it into panels by applying high
827:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
518:Dulls blades more quickly than many woods: Use of
3642:
871:
869:
420:
948:, United States Environmental Protection Agency
434:density throughout the thickness of the panel.
1975:
1217:
866:
599:United States Environmental Protection Agency
852:Australian National University Fenner School
754:R. Kozlowski and M. Helwig (December 1996).
981:
607:International Agency for Research on Cancer
320:, the main species of tree used for MDF is
240:Moisture-resistant board is typically green
1982:
1968:
1224:
1210:
1184:Cellulosic polymers, blends and composites
1028:
773:ANSI A208.2 MDF for Interior Applications
190:The name derives from the distinction in
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
3490:Building and Wood Workers' International
711:. Decorativesurfaces.org. Archived from
570:
537:
365:Compared to other fibre boards, such as
265:
131:
946:"An Introduction to Indoor Air Quality"
757:Critical Look on Cellulose Modification
14:
3643:
208:
1963:
1205:
553:panels made from MDF are used in the
3625:
1932:
736:. New York : United Nations. p. 32.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
29:
3615:
3475:American Association of Woodturners
1944:
1081:
360:
24:
1165:
566:
335:
25:
3667:
3505:National Wood Carvers Association
1231:
1190:
924:. WHO Press. 2006. Archived from
3624:
3614:
3605:
3604:
3480:Architectural Woodwork Institute
1943:
1931:
1922:
1921:
1030:10.1034/j.1600-0668.2002.01129.x
495:
389:
261:
213:MDF is typically made up of 82%
34:
1989:
1471:Oriented structural straw board
1137:
1107:
1053:
1004:
975:
951:
939:
624:
533:
473:Consistent in strength and size
175:. MDF is generally denser than
45:needs additional citations for
3485:British Woodworking Federation
1089:"Formaldehyde and Cancer Risk"
890:
856:Australian National University
797:
764:
747:
726:
701:
676:
13:
1:
3495:Caricature Carvers of America
805:"MDF, LDF, HDF - www.sppd.pl"
669:
457:
421:Comparison with natural woods
373:in the wood, then fed into a
221:resin glue, 8% water, and 1%
1182:in Gilbert, Richard D., ed.
545:being constructed out of MDF
246:MDF is typically red or blue
7:
959:"Medium Density Fibreboard"
877:"Medium Density Fibreboard"
682:Spence, William P. (2005).
642:
254:(500–800 kg/m) and to
237:Ultralight MDF plate (ULDF)
69:"Medium-density fibreboard"
10:
3672:
1862:Non-timber forest products
1486:Structural insulated panel
1173:Lignocellulosic Composites
898:"MDF Board FAQ - Tutorial"
634:a slice of hardwood about
590:volatile organic compounds
3600:
3574:
3523:
3510:Society of Wood Engravers
3467:
3381:
3331:
3288:
3160:
3153:
3041:
2928:
2870:
2689:
2680:
2623:
2294:
2213:
2204:
2028:
1997:
1917:
1809:
1743:
1690:
1597:
1549:
1506:
1400:
1239:
1093:National Cancer Institute
603:World Health Organization
511:, which is a known human
141:Medium-density fibreboard
18:Medium-density fiberboard
1827:Destructive distillation
228:
1847:Green building and wood
879:. Design-technology.org
732:United Nations (2005).
258:(600–1,450 kg/m).
256:high-density fibreboard
27:Engineered wood product
3587:Frameless construction
2668:Wood-plastic composite
1491:Wood–plastic composite
1417:Glued laminated timber
1412:Cross-laminated timber
900:. Diyaudioandvideo.com
576:
546:
309:
137:
1564:Corrugated fiberboard
1466:Oriented strand board
963:Design-technology.org
649:Oriented strand board
611:nasopharyngeal cancer
574:
543:Loudspeaker enclosure
541:
269:
135:
3515:Timber Framers Guild
2369:Australian Blackwood
1949:WikiProject Forestry
613:, and possibly with
485:Takes wood glue well
402:for extra strength.
159:, combining it with
54:improve this article
3651:Composite materials
3235:Hammer-headed tenon
2754:Janka hardness test
1710:Ramial chipped wood
1149:Skirtingboard.co.uk
664:Natural Fibre Board
300: Latin America
294: North America
209:Physical properties
2096:Japanese carpentry
1627:Cellulosic ethanol
1178:2021-04-20 at the
1125:on 9 November 2017
854:. Dept. Forestry,
577:
575:MDF dust collector
547:
447:sheet-metal screws
310:
155:fibre, often in a
138:
3638:
3637:
3592:Green woodworking
3449:Wood preservation
3377:
3376:
3280:Tongue and groove
3260:Mortise and tenon
3149:
3148:
2847:Warrington hammer
2676:
2675:
2364:African Blackwood
2156:Segmented turning
1957:
1956:
1892:Wood preservation
1837:Engineered bamboo
1657:Pyroligneous acid
982:George E. Myers.
383:urea-formaldehyde
381:of the fibres. A
219:urea-formaldehyde
181:building material
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
3663:
3628:
3627:
3618:
3617:
3608:
3607:
3158:
3157:
2827:Thickness planer
2687:
2686:
2481:(lime, basswood)
2211:
2210:
2071:Chainsaw carving
1984:
1977:
1970:
1961:
1960:
1947:
1946:
1935:
1934:
1925:
1924:
1882:Timber recycling
1877:Reclaimed lumber
1867:Natural building
1832:Dry distillation
1786:Split-rail fence
1226:
1219:
1212:
1203:
1202:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1141:
1135:
1134:
1132:
1130:
1121:. Archived from
1111:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1100:
1085:
1079:
1078:
1076:
1074:
1065:
1057:
1051:
1050:
1032:
1008:
1002:
1001:
999:
997:
988:
979:
973:
972:
970:
969:
955:
949:
943:
937:
936:
934:
933:
918:
909:
908:
906:
905:
894:
888:
887:
885:
884:
873:
864:
863:
858:. Archived from
844:
825:
824:
822:
820:
811:. Archived from
801:
795:
794:
792:
791:
785:
778:
768:
762:
761:
751:
745:
730:
724:
723:
721:
720:
705:
699:
680:
637:
520:tungsten carbide
482:Takes paint well
361:Fibre production
305:
299:
293:
287:
281:
275:
125:
118:
114:
111:
105:
103:
62:
38:
30:
21:
3671:
3670:
3666:
3665:
3664:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3656:Engineered wood
3641:
3640:
3639:
3634:
3596:
3582:Frame and panel
3570:
3519:
3463:
3373:
3332:Surface piecing
3327:
3284:
3205:Crown of thorns
3145:
3131:Smoothing plane
3037:
2924:
2866:
2769:Milling machine
2672:
2633:Cross-laminated
2619:
2290:
2200:
2171:Spindle turning
2161:Shingle weaving
2131:Pallet crafting
2024:
1993:
1988:
1958:
1953:
1913:
1897:Wood processing
1805:
1739:
1686:
1593:
1545:
1502:
1432:parallel strand
1403:
1396:
1244:
1235:
1230:
1193:
1180:Wayback Machine
1168:
1166:Further reading
1163:
1162:
1153:
1151:
1143:
1142:
1138:
1128:
1126:
1113:
1112:
1108:
1098:
1096:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1072:
1070:
1063:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1009:
1005:
995:
993:
986:
980:
976:
967:
965:
957:
956:
952:
944:
940:
931:
929:
920:
919:
912:
903:
901:
896:
895:
891:
882:
880:
875:
874:
867:
846:
845:
828:
818:
816:
803:
802:
798:
789:
787:
783:
776:
770:
769:
765:
752:
748:
731:
727:
718:
716:
707:
706:
702:
681:
677:
672:
645:
635:
627:
569:
567:Safety concerns
536:
498:
460:
423:
392:
363:
338:
336:Chip production
308:
307:
303:
301:
297:
295:
291:
289:
285:
283:
279:
277:
273:
264:
231:
211:
149:engineered wood
136:A sample of MDF
126:
115:
109:
106:
63:
61:
51:
39:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3669:
3659:
3658:
3653:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3622:
3612:
3601:
3598:
3597:
3595:
3594:
3589:
3584:
3578:
3576:
3572:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3563:
3561:Quarter sawing
3558:
3553:
3551:Wood splitting
3548:
3543:
3538:
3533:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3520:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3507:
3502:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3461:
3459:Wood finishing
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3419:Paint stripper
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3385:
3383:
3379:
3378:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3335:
3333:
3329:
3328:
3326:
3325:
3320:
3315:
3310:
3305:
3300:
3294:
3292:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3227:
3222:
3217:
3212:
3207:
3202:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3138:
3133:
3128:
3126:Shoulder plane
3123:
3118:
3113:
3108:
3103:
3101:Moulding plane
3098:
3093:
3091:Japanese plane
3088:
3083:
3081:Grooving plane
3078:
3073:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3047:
3045:
3039:
3038:
3036:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2995:
2990:
2985:
2980:
2975:
2970:
2965:
2960:
2955:
2950:
2945:
2940:
2934:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2917:
2912:
2907:
2902:
2897:
2895:Flooring clamp
2892:
2887:
2882:
2876:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2852:Winding sticks
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2832:Timber-framing
2829:
2824:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2690:
2684:
2678:
2677:
2674:
2673:
2671:
2670:
2665:
2660:
2658:Particle board
2655:
2650:
2645:
2640:
2638:Glue laminated
2635:
2629:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2517:
2512:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2441:
2436:
2431:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2300:
2298:
2292:
2291:
2289:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2199:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2176:Timber framing
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2146:Relief carving
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2046:Bush carpentry
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2022:
2012:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1986:
1979:
1972:
1964:
1955:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1941:
1929:
1918:
1915:
1914:
1912:
1911:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1822:Certified wood
1819:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1806:
1804:
1803:
1798:
1796:Timber framing
1793:
1788:
1783:
1781:Sawdust brandy
1778:
1773:
1768:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1741:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1672:Sandalwood oil
1669:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1649:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1629:
1624:
1619:
1618:
1617:
1607:
1601:
1599:
1595:
1594:
1592:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1555:
1553:
1547:
1546:
1544:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1522:
1521:
1510:
1508:
1504:
1503:
1501:
1500:
1499:
1498:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1476:Particle board
1473:
1468:
1463:
1462:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1441:
1436:
1435:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1414:
1408:
1406:
1398:
1397:
1395:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1374:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1294:
1289:
1284:
1279:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1248:
1246:
1237:
1236:
1229:
1228:
1221:
1214:
1206:
1200:
1199:
1192:
1191:External links
1189:
1188:
1187:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1160:
1145:"Veneered MDF"
1136:
1106:
1095:. 10 June 2011
1080:
1052:
1023:(4): 235–242.
1003:
974:
950:
938:
910:
889:
865:
862:on 8 Feb 2020.
826:
796:
763:
746:
725:
700:
674:
673:
671:
668:
667:
666:
661:
656:
651:
644:
641:
626:
623:
617:in June 2004.
568:
565:
535:
532:
531:
530:
523:
516:
505:
502:
497:
494:
493:
492:
489:
486:
483:
480:
477:
474:
471:
459:
456:
443:machine screws
422:
419:
391:
388:
362:
359:
337:
334:
302:
296:
290:
284:
278:
272:
271:
263:
260:
252:particle board
248:
247:
244:Fire retardant
241:
238:
230:
227:
210:
207:
185:particle board
128:
127:
42:
40:
33:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3668:
3657:
3654:
3652:
3649:
3648:
3646:
3631:
3623:
3621:
3613:
3611:
3603:
3602:
3599:
3593:
3590:
3588:
3585:
3583:
3580:
3579:
3577:
3573:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3552:
3549:
3547:
3544:
3542:
3539:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3531:Chainsaw mill
3529:
3528:
3526:
3522:
3516:
3513:
3511:
3508:
3506:
3503:
3501:
3498:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3472:
3470:
3468:Organizations
3466:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3424:Steam bending
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3394:French polish
3392:
3390:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3330:
3324:
3321:
3319:
3316:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3293:
3291:
3287:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3265:Rabbet/Rebate
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3250:Mason's mitre
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3233:
3231:
3228:
3226:
3223:
3221:
3218:
3216:
3213:
3211:
3208:
3206:
3203:
3201:
3198:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3142:
3139:
3137:
3134:
3132:
3129:
3127:
3124:
3122:
3119:
3117:
3114:
3112:
3109:
3107:
3104:
3102:
3099:
3097:
3096:Jointer plane
3094:
3092:
3089:
3087:
3084:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3074:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3066:Compass plane
3064:
3062:
3061:Chamfer plane
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3051:Bedrock plane
3049:
3048:
3046:
3044:
3040:
3034:
3031:
3029:
3026:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2991:
2989:
2986:
2984:
2981:
2979:
2976:
2974:
2971:
2969:
2966:
2964:
2961:
2959:
2956:
2954:
2951:
2949:
2946:
2944:
2941:
2939:
2936:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2927:
2921:
2918:
2916:
2913:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2903:
2901:
2898:
2896:
2893:
2891:
2888:
2886:
2883:
2881:
2878:
2877:
2875:
2873:
2869:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2843:
2840:
2838:
2837:Veneer hammer
2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2822:
2821:
2817:
2813:
2809:
2805:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2749:Impact driver
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2565:Red Quebracho
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2504:
2503:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2440:
2437:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2299:
2297:
2293:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2229:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2197:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Bow and arrow
2039:
2037:
2036:Boat building
2034:
2033:
2031:
2027:
2020:
2016:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2006:
2003:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1980:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1950:
1942:
1940:
1939:
1930:
1928:
1920:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1909:
1905:
1903:
1900:
1898:
1895:
1893:
1890:
1888:
1885:
1883:
1880:
1878:
1875:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1852:List of woods
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1833:
1830:
1828:
1825:
1823:
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1812:
1808:
1802:
1799:
1797:
1794:
1792:
1789:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1761:Billet (wood)
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1748:
1746:
1742:
1736:
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1711:
1708:
1706:
1703:
1701:
1698:
1697:
1695:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1633:
1630:
1628:
1625:
1623:
1622:Hemicellulose
1620:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1608:
1606:
1603:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1567:
1565:
1562:
1560:
1557:
1556:
1554:
1552:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1517:
1516:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1505:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1464:
1460:
1457:
1455:
1452:
1450:
1447:
1446:
1445:
1442:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1428:
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441:and pan-head
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65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
3399:Heat bending
3344:Edge banding
3116:Router plane
3111:Rebate plane
3071:Finger plane
2802:
2647:
2506:
2500:
2480:
2474:Lignum vitae
2232:
2226:
2191:Wood carving
2166:Shipbuilding
2151:Root carving
2111:Log building
2076:Chip carving
1936:
1906:
1801:Wooden masts
1771:Dugout canoe
1756:Bavin (wood)
1705:Black liquor
1642:Liquid smoke
1458:
1392:Utility pole
1377:Timber truss
1297:Log building
1183:
1152:. Retrieved
1148:
1139:
1127:. Retrieved
1123:the original
1118:
1109:
1097:. Retrieved
1092:
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994:. Retrieved
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926:the original
902:. Retrieved
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860:the original
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813:the original
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781:the original
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717:. Retrieved
713:the original
703:
690:: Sterling.
683:
678:
628:
625:Veneered MDF
619:
595:
583:Formaldehyde
581:
578:
562:
559:
555:shop fitting
548:
534:Applications
526:
509:formaldehyde
507:May release
463:Denser than
436:
424:
408:
404:
397:
393:
379:
364:
346:biomass fuel
339:
326:radiata pine
311:
288: Europe
276: Africa
249:
232:
223:paraffin wax
212:
200:
189:
144:
140:
139:
116:
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
3620:WikiProject
3566:Rift sawing
3556:Flat sawing
3444:Wood drying
3121:Scrub plane
3106:Razee plane
3056:Block plane
2910:Mitre clamp
2857:Wood scribe
2808:Combination
2550:Purpleheart
2246:Douglas fir
2196:Woodturning
2029:Occupations
1991:Woodworking
1902:Woodworking
1887:Wood drying
1872:Papermaking
1692:By-products
1598:Derivatives
1536:Pellet fuel
1277:Flitch beam
1119:Amrosia.com
631:wood veneer
476:Shapes well
452:pilot holes
348:in on-site
344:or used as
342:landscaping
318:New Zealand
169:temperature
3645:Categories
3575:Techniques
3524:Conversion
3454:Wood stain
3382:Treatments
3170:Birdsmouth
3136:Spokeshave
3086:Jack plane
3076:Fore plane
2915:Pipe clamp
2880:Band clamp
2804:Carpenters
2625:Engineered
2575:Rubberwood
2424:Eucalyptus
2228:Calocedrus
2141:Pyrography
2106:Kohlrosing
1744:Historical
1725:Wood flour
1574:Paperboard
1444:Fiberboard
1402:Engineered
1262:Bressummer
1154:2014-04-02
1129:17 January
1099:17 January
1073:17 January
1017:Indoor Air
996:17 January
968:2016-12-14
932:2009-11-21
904:2014-04-02
883:2014-04-02
819:17 January
790:2012-06-06
742:9211169216
719:2014-04-02
670:References
659:Solid wood
513:carcinogen
458:Advantages
375:defibrator
322:plantation
282: Asia
215:wood fibre
203:fibreboard
196:fibreboard
157:defibrator
110:April 2012
80:newspapers
3364:Parquetry
3359:Oystering
3354:Marquetry
3195:Butterfly
2862:Workbench
2794:Sandpaper
2774:Mitre box
2719:Drawknife
2709:Burnisher
2694:Abrasives
2643:Hardboard
2304:Afromosia
2186:Whittling
2136:Parquetry
2121:Marquetry
2066:Certosina
2061:Carpentry
2051:Cabinetry
1998:Overviews
1766:Clapboard
1735:Woodchips
1730:Wood wool
1610:Cellulose
1605:Birch-tar
1559:Cardboard
1541:Wood fuel
1449:hardboard
1352:Reclaimed
1317:Panelling
1307:Log house
1302:Log cabin
654:Hardboard
615:leukaemia
469:chipboard
431:isotropic
400:laminated
314:Australia
192:densities
3610:Category
3389:Adhesive
3369:Purfling
3349:Intarsia
3290:Profiles
3215:Dovetail
3154:Geometry
2993:Hand saw
2978:Crosscut
2963:Circular
2958:Chainsaw
2905:Holdfast
2570:Rosewood
2502:American
2497:Mahogany
2469:Jelutong
2439:Hornbeam
2404:Cocobolo
2399:Chestnut
2314:Andiroba
2126:Millwork
2091:Intarsia
2086:Fretwork
2081:Ébéniste
2010:Glossary
1927:Category
1908:Yakisugi
1842:Forestry
1810:See also
1751:Axe ties
1720:Tall oil
1700:Barkdust
1682:Wood gas
1662:Pine tar
1652:Methanol
1584:Pulpwood
1531:Firewood
1514:Charcoal
1507:Fuelwood
1454:Masonite
1382:Treenail
1282:Flooring
1176:Archived
1047:30065953
1039:12532755
643:See also
551:Slatwall
491:Flexible
367:Masonite
354:chipping
350:furnaces
330:eucalypt
173:pressure
147:) is an
3630:Commons
3546:Whipsaw
3541:Sawmill
3434:Varnish
3429:Thermal
3404:Lacquer
3339:Binding
3308:Chamfer
3175:Biscuit
3141:Surform
3033:Whipsaw
3003:Keyhole
2988:Fretsaw
2968:Compass
2953:Bucksaw
2943:Bandsaw
2938:Backsaw
2920:Sawbuck
2890:F-clamp
2885:C-clamp
2759:Jointer
2663:Plywood
2615:Zebrano
2555:Ovankol
2520:Meranti
2508:African
2479:Linden
2434:Hickory
2389:Cedrela
2384:Camphor
2379:Bubinga
2374:Boxwood
2354:Bilinga
2339:Avodire
2256:Juniper
2241:Cypress
2116:Luthier
2005:History
1938:Commons
1817:Biomass
1791:Tanbark
1715:Sawdust
1526:Firelog
1519:biochar
1481:Plywood
1439:I-joist
1357:Shingle
1312:Molding
809:Sppd.pl
465:plywood
324:-grown
177:plywood
94:scholar
3536:Hewing
3275:Splice
3230:Halved
3225:Groove
3220:Finger
3200:Coping
3185:Bridle
3162:Joints
3043:Planes
3028:Veneer
3018:Scroll
3013:Ripsaw
2998:Jigsaw
2973:Coping
2872:Clamps
2799:Square
2789:Shaper
2784:Router
2764:Mallet
2739:Gimlet
2714:Chisel
2610:Willow
2600:Walnut
2590:Totara
2580:Sapele
2545:Poplar
2530:Padauk
2492:Merbau
2464:Jarrah
2449:Imbuia
2444:Idigbo
2409:Cumaru
2394:Cherry
2319:Anigre
2281:Spruce
2234:Cedrus
2101:Khatam
2056:Caning
2019:lumber
1776:Potash
1677:Tannin
1637:Lignin
1551:Fibers
1496:lumber
1422:veneer
1362:Siding
1342:Rafter
1337:Purlin
1252:Batten
1245:timber
1241:Lumber
1045:
1037:
740:
698:p. 114
694:
636:1–2 mm
586:resins
439:T-nuts
415:bamboo
371:lignin
304:
298:
292:
286:
280:
274:
163:and a
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
3414:Paint
3323:Ovolo
3318:Ogive
3303:Bevel
3270:Scarf
3255:Miter
3023:Table
3008:Miter
2983:Frame
2900:Gripe
2816:Speed
2812:Miter
2744:Gauge
2734:Float
2729:Fence
2724:Drill
2682:Tools
2605:Wenge
2595:Utile
2560:Ramin
2515:Maple
2487:Lovoa
2459:Iroko
2429:Hazel
2414:Ebony
2359:Birch
2349:Beech
2344:Balsa
2334:Aspen
2329:Apple
2309:Alder
2266:Kauri
2261:Larch
2223:Cedar
2206:Woods
2181:Treen
1857:Mulch
1667:Pitch
1589:Rayon
1569:Paper
1387:Truss
1327:Plate
1322:Plank
1287:Joist
1272:Cruck
1064:(PDF)
1043:S2CID
987:(PDF)
784:(PDF)
777:(PDF)
411:Straw
229:Types
217:, 9%
165:resin
101:JSTOR
87:books
3313:Ogee
3298:Bead
3240:Knee
3210:Dado
3190:Butt
2930:Saws
2842:Vise
2779:Rasp
2704:Adze
2585:Teak
2540:Plum
2535:Pear
2296:Hard
2276:Rimu
2271:Pine
2215:Soft
2015:Wood
1632:Dyes
1615:nano
1579:Pulp
1404:wood
1372:Stud
1367:Sill
1332:Post
1292:Lath
1257:Beam
1131:2018
1101:2018
1075:2018
1035:PMID
998:2018
821:2018
738:ISBN
692:ISBN
527:into
467:and
413:and
316:and
171:and
153:wood
73:news
3439:Wax
3409:Oil
3245:Lap
3180:Box
2948:Bow
2820:Try
2699:Axe
2653:OSB
2648:MDF
2525:Oak
2454:Ipê
2419:Elm
2324:Ash
2286:Yew
2251:Fir
1647:Lye
1459:MDF
1427:LVL
1267:CLS
1025:doi
605:'s
312:In
194:of
161:wax
145:MDF
56:by
3647::
2818:,
2814:,
2810:,
2806:,
2505:,
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1147:.
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