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38:(MHDL) is a non-profit, open access digital archive founded by David Pierce and directed by Eric Hoyt that compiles books, magazines, and other print materials related to the histories of film, broadcasting, and recorded sound and makes these materials accessible online for free. The MHDL both digitizes physical materials and acquires digital copies from outside libraries, archives, collectors, and other collaborators. Most of the material in its more than 2.5 million pages is in the public domain and therefore free for all to use with no restrictions.
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publications, Hollywood pressbooks, and trade papers. As of 2011, the MHDL collection encompassed more than 200,000 pages. By 2013, the total had reached about 489,000 pages, and by 2014, that number had grown to 800,000. In July 2022, MHDL director Eric Hoyt announced on
Twitter that the collection had reached "roughly 3 million pages," and the Lantern homepage said it was "now searching 2,827,907 pages."
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digitized, making both the original works and any microfilm copies only available at specific libraries, archives, and private collections. Having knowledge of copyright laws, Pierce determined that while many early
Hollywood films, kinescopes, recordings, and similar materials would be protected by copyright, most publications would not. Working with partners at collections such as the
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re-launched in 2022 with a design by Samuel Hansen and Ben Pettis. The search engine reads the text on every page of the MHDL's nearly 3 million pages as well as their metadata and returns the result with a preview image of the pages on which the text is displayed. In 2014, Hoyt published an article in
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The MHDL curates and makes freely available lesson plans, toolkits, and assignments both for instructors looking to incorporate its collections into their classrooms and for students of all levels. These resources range from tutorials for those using the MHDL, Lantern, and
Arclight for the first time
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Primarily intended for scholars of the digital humanities and film history, Arclight searches the text of all pages in MHDL collections to retrieve and visualize data about keywords and trends within a given timeframe. It primarily shows the number of pages on which a search term appears, but users
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Lantern is the MHDL's primary search platform with a visualization component. It allows users to search the collections using keywords, title, year, author, subject, publisher, and/or description. First launched in 2011 by David Pierce and Eric Hoyt with Carl
Hagenmaier and Wendy Hagenmaier, it was
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Film historian David Pierce founded the Media
History Digital Library in 2009 to address the scholarly and fan communities' lack of access to historical film industry publications such as trade papers and fan magazines. Even those documents that had been transferred to microfilm were infrequently
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MHDL collections are free to use and download. They are searchable at the page level, but users can also access the full volumes via links to the
Internet Archive. All page records include detailed reference information for the complete volume. Collections include short, informative descriptions
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The Media
History Digital Library's collections include millions of digitized pages and focus on out-of-copyright works from the early history of film, broadcasting, and recorded sound. The data is hosted by the Internet Archive. Its major collections include fan magazines, global cinema
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to suggestions for experienced researchers looking to expand the scope of their work. MHDL collaborators also give presentations and workshops at various academic conferences, such as the 2021 HoMER Conference and the 2022 International
Association for Media and History Conference.
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Documents in the MHDL collections include issues from both prominent and obscure magazines and trade papers that are now out of copyright and therefore in the public domain. Notable publications that continue to this day include
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In 2011, Pierce and fellow film history scholar Eric Hoyt built a website to expand access to the more than 200,000 pages of movie magazines they had digitized, which would be hosted on the
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as well as private collectors, Pierce began to scan the original copies of many of these publications documenting the early history of film, broadcasting, and recorded sound.
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Projects of the Media
History Digital Library include its search engine Lantern and its data visualization platform Arclight. The Media History Digital Library is led by the
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can also adjust the results to show the number of pages as a percentage of the total MHDL holdings. The project was funded by a "Digging into Data" grant from the
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53:. Film and media studies librarian James Steffen has called the MHDL one of "the two most important digital collections today for studying media industries."
507:"Who's Trending in 1910s American Cinema? Exploring ECHO and MHDL at Scale with Arclight," by Derek Long, Eric Hoyt, Kevin Ponto, Tony Tran, and Kit Hughes
266:
2109:
486:"'How’s Your Sense of Direction?' Using Movie Magazines to Study Audiences’ Perception of Classical Hollywood Directors, 1934–1943," by Dominic Topp
407:
401:
353:
492:"'Frankenstein Complex' in the Realm of Digital Humanities: Data Mining Classic Horror Cinema via Media History Digital Library, by Tianyu Jiang
2603:
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2014:"Frankenstein Complex" in the Realm of Digital Humanities : Data Mining Classic Horror Cinema via Media History Digital Library (MHDL)
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67:
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explaining the search engine's goals, methods, and concerns. He argued that scholars too frequently rely on "canonical" texts such as
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78:
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Analytics to study online conversation. The project's co-creators, Eric Hoyt and
Charles R. Acland, published an edited collection,
1927:""How's Your Sense of Direction?" Using Movie Magazines to Study Audiences' Perception of Classical Hollywood Directors, 1934–1943"
397:
349:
489:"'The keenest, most intimate analysis': Profiling Female Stars of the Silent Screen in Photoplay Magazine," by Elizabeth Podnieks
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The MHDL's global cinema collection contains publications from around the world in the following countries and regions:
88:. Hoyt launched the search platform Lantern in 2013 and in 2014 began work on Arclight, a data visualization platform.
1085:
848:"Media History Digital Library : Free Texts : Free Download, Borrow and Streaming : Internet Archive"
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Pierce stepped down as director in 2017 and Hoyt assumed the position, bringing it fully under the purview of the
2593:
684:
902:
498:"Browsing the Digital Stacks: Exploring Technology Journals on the Media History Digital Library," by Derek Long
2578:
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644:
292:
588:
1977:""The keenest, most intimate analysis": Profiling Female Stars of the Silent Screen in Photoplay Magazine"
1651:
1414:"A Film Scholarship without Films? Reimagining the History of Israeli Cinema Culture through the Archive"
903:"Media History Digital Library: Online Access to the Histories of Cinema, Broadcasting and Social Media"
2583:
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1832:
1351:
614:
495:"Digital Humanities and Media History: A Challenge for Historical Newspaper Research," by Huub Wijfjes
28:
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1997:
529:"Reconsidering the Archive: Digitization and Latin American Film Historiography," by Rielle Navitski
2588:
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166:
71:
282:
2079:"Browsing The Digital Stacks: Exploring Technology Journals On The Media History Digital Library"
1197:"Lenses for Lantern: Data Mining, Visualization, and Excavating Film History's Neglected Sources"
1126:
139:
1976:
510:"Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Audiences and the Fallout of the Talkies, 1910-1968," by Will Gotlib
413:
Pop Culture Association's Electronic Reference Award, for Media History Digital Library (2012)
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1984:
1899:
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805:
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in Canada. It was inspired by contemporary social science researchers' use of platforms like
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713:"Resource Review: Media History Digital Library and Entertainment Industry Magazine Archive"
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63:
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2135:"Who's Trending in 1910s American Cinema? Exploring ECHO and MHDL at Scale with Arclight"
2012:
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2030:"Digital Humanities and Media History: A Challenge for Historical Newspaper Research1"
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1503:"Project Arclight: Analytics for the Study of 20th Century Media | Digging Into Data"
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1322:. Charles R. Acland, Eric Hoyt (PDF ed.). Sussex, England: REFRAME Books. 2016.
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589:"Academy Science and Tech Council Adds David Pierce, Andy Serkis, and Jeffrey White"
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The MHDL, Lantern, and Arclight have been reviewed in academic journals, including:
450:
Everyday Movies: Portable Film Projectors and the Transformation of American Culture
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1934:
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Everyday movies portable film projectors and the transformation of American culture
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501:"Locked in the Coffin: Bela Lugosi and the Paradox of the Picture Personality," by
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2376:"Reconsidering the Archive: Digitization and Latin American Film Historiography"
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287:, two leading publications that documented the German film industry through the
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written by scholars in the field to contextualize the content of each grouping.
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288:
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2190:"Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing Audiences and the Fallout of the Talkies, 1910-1968"
2110:"Locked In the Coffin: Bela Lugosi and the Paradox of the Picture Personality"
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The MHDL organizes its U.S.-published materials under the following headings:
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1933:, Global Cinema, Cham: Springer International Publishing, pp. 257–278,
1434:"Anne Friedberg, Innovative Scholarship, and Close Up (1927-1933) | Antenna"
918:
2229:. Daniël Biltereyst, Richard Maltby, Philippe Meers. Abingdon, Oxon. 2019.
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2139:
The Moving Image: The Journal of the Association of Moving Image Archivists
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1760:
1711:
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MAPPING MOVIE MAGAZINES : digitization, periodicals and cinema history
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1603:
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Digitizing Ephemera And Building Interactive Timelines: A Hands-On Workshop
847:
1846:
1317:
2492:
2430:
2391:
1060:
2470:"HOYT, Eric y PIERCE, David. Media History Digital Library (MHDL), 2011"
2431:"Amateur cinematics: Watson and Webber's The Fall of the House of Usher"
2407:
2375:
824:"Research Cores Initiative helps replace equipment and enhance services"
388:
Pop Culture Association's Electronic Reference Award, for Lantern (2014)
2133:
Long, Derek; Hoyt, Eric; Ponto, Kevin; Tran, Tony; Hughes, Kit (2016).
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182:
19:
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1293:
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444:
Mapping Movie Magazines: Digitization, Periodicals, and Cinema History
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Locating classical receptions on screen : masks, echoes, shadows
170:
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Ink-Stained Hollywood: The Triumph of American Cinema's Trade Press
685:"Lantern Media History Digital Library | Subject and Course Guides"
429:
Ink-Stained Hollywood: The Triumph of American Cinema's Trade Press
1319:
The Arclight Guidebook to Media History and the Digital Humanities
362:
The Arclight Guidebook to Media History and the Digital Humanities
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Publicaciones de la AsociaciĂłn Argentina de Humanidades Digitales
1086:"Media + History + Digital + Library: An Experiment in Synthesis"
962:
869:
867:
550:
Publicaciones de la AsociaciĂłn Argentina de Humanidades Digitales
385:' Anne Friedberg Innovative Scholarship Award, for Lantern (2014)
357:
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and thus outlined the need for better data visualization tools.
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1242:
864:
615:"Research Guides: Film Studies: Media History Digital Library"
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Locating Classical Receptions on Screen Masks, Echoes, Shadows
410:'s Michael Nelson Prize for a Work in Media and History (2013)
364:
outlining the method, design, and ways of using the platform.
2480:(1). Asociación Argentina de Humanidades Digitales: 172–177.
161:. Major publications of significance to historians include
446:(2021), edited by Daniel Biltereyst and Lies Van de Vijver
2325:"Maternal Stars of the Silent Screen: Gender, Genre, and
522:"Maternal Stars of the Silent Screen: Gender, Genre, and
464:(2018), edited by Anastasia Bakogianni and Ricado Apostol
1484:. Chicago: American Library Association. 29 October 2014
1084:
Hoyt, Eric; Hagenmaier, Wendy; Hagenmaier, Carl (2013).
1083:
1799:. Ricardo Apostol, Anastasia Bakogianni. Cham. 2018.
417:
2132:
1901:Hollywood Vault: Film Libraries before Home Video
480:
474:Hollywood Vault: Film Libraries before Home Video
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1848:A companion to ancient Greece and Rome on screen
1478:"Best Digital Tools for Teaching & Learning"
468:A Companion to Ancient Greece and Rome on Screen
312:Latin America and Spanish-speaking United States
1851:. Arthur John Pomeroy. Hoboken, NJ, USA. 2017.
642:
408:International Association for Media and History
402:Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
354:Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council
1389:Hoyt, Eric; Stevenson, Lesley (May 29, 2021),
513:"Arclights and Zoom Lenses," by Eric Hoyt, in
97:Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research
43:Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research
2226:The Routledge companion to new cinema history
1388:
643:Gary, Nina; Yatsuknenko, Becky (2021-03-08).
515:The Routledge Companion to New Cinema History
519:"Modeling Media History," by Pelle Snickars
99:and brought the MHDL under its leadership.
68:Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
2257:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1879:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1827:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1744:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1636:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
2045:
1482:American Association of School Librarians
1101:
728:
660:
532:"Amateur cinematics: Watson and Webber’s
398:Institute for Museum and Library Services
392:American Association of School Librarians
350:Institute for Museum and Library Services
79:National Audio Visual Conservation Center
23:Debbie Reynolds pictured on the cover of
2373:
2322:
2275:
1974:
295:, and fall during the rise of the Nazis.
102:
18:
2428:
2027:
1758:
1411:
1125:Media History Digital Library (2022),
900:
710:
645:"Review: Media History Digital Library"
95:. In 2021, Hoyt became director of the
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2467:
2187:
1709:
1601:
795:
2604:Discipline-oriented digital libraries
2010:
1264:
1262:
988:
984:
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896:
894:
404:'s Digging into Data Challenge (2013)
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383:Society for Cinema and Media Studies
2493:"The Media History Digital Library"
2107:
798:"The Media History Digital Library"
470:(2017), edited by Arthur J. Pomeroy
120:
13:
2323:Podnieks, Elizabeth (2018-09-02).
1975:Podnieks, Elizabeth (2017-05-15).
1259:
979:
891:
768:"MHDL: Project History and Impact"
14:
2615:
2527:
1605:Buster Keaton: A Filmmaker's Life
784:
753:
701:
631:
458:(2018), edited by Kristen Ostherr
199:Broadcasting & recorded sound
1531:Department of Communication Arts
1412:Chapman, Llewella (2022-05-29).
1037:"MHDL: Global Cinema Collection"
875:"MHDL: All Magazine Collections"
612:
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2422:
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991:"Media History Digital Library"
955:
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418:Literature using MHDL resources
93:University of Wisconsin-Madison
47:University of Wisconsin–Madison
27:, March 1954. Accessed via the
2491:Good, Katie Day (2020-06-01).
2276:Snickars, Pelle (2022-05-25).
1759:Ostherr, Kirsten, ed. (2018).
1681:. : PALGRAVE MACMILLAN. 2021.
1552:"2012 Award Winners | PCA/ACA"
1454:"2014 Award Winners | PCA/ACA"
840:
816:
677:
606:
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534:The Fall of the House of Usher
481:Articles, chapters, and essays
111:
1:
2345:10.1080/08989575.2018.1499490
2294:10.1080/13688804.2022.2079484
2167:10.5749/movingimage.16.1.0057
2151:10.5749/movingimage.16.1.0057
2034:TMG Journal for Media History
1652:"Los Angeles Review of Books"
989:Stamm, Michael (2014-01-02).
901:Kousari, Nadia (2014-01-14).
730:10.3998/mij.15031809.0004.206
711:Steffen, James (2017-07-01).
649:Reviews in Digital Humanities
574:
352:in the United States and the
36:Media History Digital Library
29:Media History Digital Library
2028:Wijfjes, Huub (2017-06-26).
1939:10.1007/978-3-030-33277-8_13
1904:. Univ of California Press.
1581:. Univ of California Press.
1270:"Frequently Asked Questions"
1213:10.2979/filmhistory.26.2.146
1007:10.1080/08821127.2014.875361
802:Journal of Film Preservation
796:Pierce, David (April 2013).
619:researchguides.dartmouth.edu
7:
2497:Journal of American History
2333:A/B: Auto/Biography Studies
2047:10.18146/2213-7653.2017.277
1656:Los Angeles Review of Books
1103:10.1349/PS1.1938-6060.A.430
1061:"Advanced Search - Lantern"
556:Journal of American History
394:' Best Digital Tools (2014)
342:
16:Open access digital archive
10:
2620:
1608:(1st ed.). New York.
1366:"MHDL: Teaching Resources"
1298:search.projectarclight.org
1274:search.projectarclight.org
1090:Journal of E-Media Studies
739:2027/spo.15031809.0004.206
662:10.21428/3e88f64f.5afaa9a7
540:
325:
56:
2374:Navitski, Rielle (2014).
2188:Gotlib, Will (May 2021).
1575:Hoyt, Eric (March 2022).
558:(2020), by Katie Day Good
376:
2554:MHDL teaching resoources
2549:Project Arclight website
2429:Swanson, Dwight (2020).
2278:"Modeling Media History"
1898:Hoyt, Eric (July 2014).
717:Media Industries Journal
570:(2014), by Michael Stamm
564:(2017), by James Steffen
452:(2020), by Haidee Wasson
422:
226:Theatre & vaudeville
72:Margaret Herrick Library
2468:Gionco, Pamela (2021).
1931:Mapping Movie Magazines
1765:. New York: Routledge.
1716:. Oakland, California.
1710:Wasson, Haidee (2021).
1370:mediahistoryproject.org
1152:mediahistoryproject.org
1041:mediahistoryproject.org
919:10.1108/RR-08-2013-0220
879:mediahistoryproject.org
772:mediahistoryproject.org
526:" by Elizabeth Podnieks
440:(2022), by James Curtis
211:Hollywood studio system
2594:American film websites
2509:10.1093/jahist/jaaa175
2447:10.1093/screen/hjaa009
2205:Cite journal requires
2011:Jiang, Tianyu (2019).
1992:Cite journal requires
1925:Topp, Dominic (2020),
1602:Curtis, James (2022).
1350:: CS1 maint: others (
1128:Exciting Lantern news!
140:The Hollywood Reporter
31:
2579:Online film databases
2261:) CS1 maint: others (
2083:The Velvet Light Trap
1883:) CS1 maint: others (
1831:) CS1 maint: others (
1762:Applied Media Studies
1231:– via ProQuest.
1176:lantern.mediahist.org
1065:lantern.mediahist.org
967:lantern.mediahist.org
929:– via ProQuest.
812:– via ProQuest.
552:(2021), Pamela Gionco
456:Applied Media Studies
179:Motion Picture Herald
103:Collections and tools
22:
2569:Open-access archives
2392:10.1353/cj.2014.0065
2077:Long, Derek (2015).
943:Lantern 2.0 is here!
940:Hoyt, Eric (2022),
536:," by Dwight Swanson
476:(2014), by Eric Hoyt
438:: A Filmmaker's Life
431:(2022), by Eric Hoyt
293:German Expressionism
208:Government & law
167:Moving Picture World
163:Motion Picture Daily
64:Museum of Modern Art
1507:diggingintodata.org
1247:projectarclight.org
1195:Hoyt, Eric (2014).
995:American Journalism
568:American Journalism
217:Non-theatrical film
76:Library of Congress
2534:MHDL official site
2327:Photoplay Magazine
2108:ABC (2019-01-17).
524:Photoplay Magazine
368:Teaching resources
278:Die LichtbildbĂĽhne
234:Global Collections
223:Technical journals
51:Madison, Wisconsin
32:
2584:Film preservation
2544:Arclight homepage
2236:978-1-315-66605-1
2114:It's 3 A.M. Again
1948:978-3-030-33276-1
1911:978-0-520-28264-3
1858:978-1-118-74138-2
1806:978-3-319-96457-7
1772:978-1-315-47383-3
1723:978-0-520-97437-1
1688:978-3-030-33279-2
1615:978-0-385-35421-9
1588:978-0-520-38369-2
1329:978-0-9931996-7-7
907:Reference Reviews
613:Hall, Lucinda M.
267:Der Kinematograph
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2539:Lantern homepage
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2183:
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2142:
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2113:
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2086:
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1960:, retrieved
1930:
1920:
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1658:. 2022-03-25
1655:
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1559:. Retrieved
1555:
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1535:. Retrieved
1533:. 2017-07-12
1530:
1527:"Hoyt, Eric"
1521:
1510:. Retrieved
1506:
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1486:. Retrieved
1481:
1472:
1461:. Retrieved
1457:
1448:
1437:. Retrieved
1428:
1417:. Retrieved
1407:
1397:, retrieved
1395:, HoMER 2021
1391:
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1373:. Retrieved
1369:
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1312:
1301:. Retrieved
1297:
1288:
1277:. Retrieved
1273:
1250:. Retrieved
1246:
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1201:Film History
1200:
1190:
1179:. Retrieved
1175:
1166:
1155:. Retrieved
1151:
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618:
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595:. 2021-12-07
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333:Film History
332:
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202:Early cinema
191:
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106:
90:
83:
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2599:Silent film
2040:(1): 4–24.
852:archive.org
318:Switzerland
315:Netherlands
281: [
270: [
112:Collections
2563:Categories
2245:1079400737
2119:2022-07-14
1962:2022-07-14
1815:1057550235
1781:1015675836
1732:1151533822
1697:1241246094
1662:2022-07-14
1624:1252413511
1561:2022-07-14
1556:pcaaca.org
1537:2022-07-14
1512:2022-07-14
1488:2022-07-14
1463:2022-07-14
1458:pcaaca.org
1439:2022-07-14
1419:2022-07-15
1399:2022-07-15
1375:2022-07-15
1303:2022-07-14
1279:2022-07-14
1252:2022-07-14
1243:"Arclight"
1229:1541683957
1181:2022-07-14
1157:2022-07-14
1134:2022-07-14
1070:2022-07-14
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884:2022-07-14
857:2022-07-14
833:2022-07-14
810:1370361564
777:2022-07-14
694:2022-07-14
624:2022-07-14
599:2022-07-14
575:References
220:Pressbooks
185:, and the
183:Motography
175:Film Daily
74:, and the
2517:0021-8723
2455:0036-9543
2416:143450056
2400:0009-7101
2361:192567622
2353:0898-9575
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2302:1368-8804
2253:cite book
2175:193575392
2159:1532-3978
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2056:2213-7653
1957:216444696
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1867:990058590
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1632:cite book
1346:cite book
1338:952123686
1221:201767611
1112:1938-6060
1015:0882-1127
963:"Lantern"
927:0950-4125
747:2373-9037
671:233795027
265:Includes
229:Yearbooks
171:Photoplay
158:Boxoffice
152:Billboard
25:Photoplay
2408:43653661
1294:"Search"
1225:ProQuest
1023:61017172
806:ProQuest
343:Arclight
262:Germany
541:Reviews
358:Twitter
337:Variety
326:Lantern
146:Variety
57:History
45:at the
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289:Weimar
259:France
256:Europe
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423:Books
309:Japan
306:Italy
300:India
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253:China
196:Books
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