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Vignelli, Yoshiki
Waterhouse, and Beatriz Cifuentes worked together to build a new, up-to-date map from scratch. Besides the general principle of a systematic and minimalist design, they added the specific requirement that the map should preserve spatial relations between stations. For example if one station is east of another station in real life, then it must be so on the map. This defused one of the most persistent criticisms of the 1972 map. Their wholly new map was released through the May 2008 edition of
597:(MoMA) put Ingalls in touch with Vignelli, who headed up the New York office from the end of 1965. In the Spring of 1966, the TA engaged Unimark to redesign the subway signage and review the ongoing changes to the map. Robert Noorda and Massimo Vignelli created a system of signage that the TA adopted and which still pervades every station in the subway today. But the TA did not follow up Vignelli's preliminary study of the map as they were already at the testing stage of their own new map.
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503:. He wrote in 1991 on a poster for a typeface exhibition showcasing these "basic ones", that "In the new computer age, the proliferation of typefaces and type manipulations represents a new level of visual pollution threatening our culture. Out of thousands of typefaces, all we need are a few basic ones, and trash the rest."
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Head of the Office of
Inspection and Review at the MTA. These changes were carried out by Charysyn, who also oversaw the printing of the map. Unimark's liaison with the MTA during this project was handled by Norbert Oehler. The map was unveiled by Ronan on August 4, 1972, at a ceremony in the station at
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The map was put together in the
Unimark Office by Joan Charysyn under Vignelli's design direction. In April 1971, Vignelli left Unimark to set up Vignelli Associates. By this time, the map was almost complete, but was subject to corrections and modifications requested by Raleigh D'Adamo, who was now
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as a free e-book; an expanded version was printed in
September 2010. In the introduction, Vignelli writes, "I thought that it might be useful to pass some of my professional knowledge around, with the hope of improving design skills. Creativity needs the support of knowledge to be able to perform
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magazine, invited
Vignelli to submit a commemorative edition of his map for inclusion in a 'design classics' edition of the magazine. This invitation precipitated the thinking of the team at Vignelli Associates, who had for some time been considering how they would do the map differently. Massimo
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To deal with this, the TA created the role of
Director of Public Information and Community Relations, and hired former newspaper reporter Len Ingalls. In his later years, Vignelli often said that the most important factor in the success of a design project was having a good client, and he praised
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wrote that "it seemed to me that the whole city of New York was a permanent
Vignelli exhibition . To get to the office, I rode in a subway with Vignelli-designed signage, shared the sidewalk with people holding Vignelli-designed Bloomingdale’s shopping bags, walked by St. Peter’s Church with its
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In 2011, the MTA began to look at ways of displaying service disruptions due to weekend engineering works in a visual format. They invited
Vignelli to develop a digital version of the 2008 map. This was released on the MTA's Weekender web site on September 16, 2011. Since then it has undergone
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After the mechanical for the map was handed over in 1972, Vignelli had no further control over the map. Six further editions were produced from 1973 to 1978, with extensive changes. In 1974, William Ronan was replaced by David Yunich as chairman of the MTA. Yunich was formerly an executive at
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The
Vignelli Center for Design Studies will house our comprehensive archive of graphic design, furniture and objects, under the direction of R. Roger Remington, the Vignelli Distinguished Professor of Design at RIT, the center will foster studies related to Modernist design with programs and
614:, who wanted to create a modern brand image for this new body. While the Unimark signage project was still being finished off up with the creation of the New York City Transit Authority Graphics Standards Manual, Vignelli went to Ronan with a mock-up of part of the map for
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The
Vignelli discipline of mapmaking is continued by Waterhouse and Cifuentes through the new design firm SuperWarmRed Designs, formed in December 2014. Prints of the 2012 edition of the subway map as used in the MTA Weekender site can be obtained through SuperWarmRed.
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Private cars were not allowed to park at the stadium, so the use of public transportation was correspondingly increased. With 400,000 visitors expected to the area and 80,000 attendees expected at the game itself, the MTA decided to work with
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In 1971, Vignelli resigned from Unimark, in part because the design vision which he supported became diluted as the company diversified and increasingly stressed marketing, rather than design. Soon after, Massimo and Lella Vignelli founded
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exhibitions on our work as well as other related subjects. The first one of its kind and size, The Vignelli Center will position RIT on the international forefront of design studies. Lella and I are delighted to see our dream taking shape.
476:, containing a series of essays describing the principles and concepts behind "all good design". It is alphabetically organized by topic, roughly approximating a similar course he taught at Harvard's School of Design and Architecture.
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The TA's new map, released in 1967, used Raleigh D'Adamo's principle of color-coding for the first time, but it suffered from what Vignelli called "fragmentation" and was not well received. The following year, the parent body
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department store, and brought an explicit intention to 'sell' the subway to riders. He recruited Fred Wilkinson from Macy's who formed the Subway Map Committee in 1975 to design a new map to replace Vignelli's. The next year
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Vignelli worked in a wide variety of areas, including interior design, environmental design, package design, graphic design, furniture design, and product design. His clients at Vignelli Associates included companies such as
367:, which quickly became, in scope and personnel, one of the largest design firms in the world. The firm went on to design many of the world's most recognizable corporate identities, including that of
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313:; January 10, 1931 – May 27, 2014) was an Italian designer who worked in a number of areas including packaging, houseware, furniture, public signage, and showroom design. He was the co-founder of
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and the design staff at the Harpers Ferry Center in creation of the "Unigrid System." The system has been used since 1977 in creation of park brochures in all national parks locations.
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for an online-only version implemented in 2011 and described it as a 'diagram', not a map, to reflect its abstract design without surface-level features such as streets and parks.
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system for the DC Metro and suggested it be named "Metro" like many other capital city subways. Its original name was a mishmash of various states and transportation groups.
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Please remove or replace such wording and instead of making proclamations about a subject's importance, use facts and attribution to demonstrate that importance.
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773:. The building, which opened in September 2010, includes among its many offerings exhibition spaces, classrooms, and offices. Massimo Vignelli said of it:
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Massimo Vignelli with R. Roger Remington at the Vignelli Center for Design Studies, RIT, where he was awarded an honorary doctorate in fine arts.
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Vignelli-designed pipe organ visible through the window. At Vignelli Associates, at 23 years old, I felt I was at the center of the universe."
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For the first time, a Vignelli map added in topographic features (the MetLife Stadium, the Prudential Center, and the Super Bowl Boulevard).
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From 1957 to 1960, he visited America on a fellowship, and returned to New York in 1966 to co-found the New York branch of a new company,
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1591:"Massimo Vignelli, who once designed the New York City subway map and created the Bloomingdale's "brown bag," died at 83 - WSJ.com"
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The last map in which Vignelli was involved was a special transit map, designed by Yoshiki Waterhouse at Vignelli Associates, for
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was made chair of the committee, which concluded in June 1979 with a geographic map using a trunk-based color scheme designed by
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at the Meadowlands Sports Complex in East Rutherford, New Jersey, the first Super Bowl played outdoors in a cold-weather city.
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577:(April 1964 to October 1965) highlighted shortcomings in wayfinding information for public transportation in New York City.
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The transit map showed both New York and New Jersey. It was the first time that an MTA-produced subway map had done that.
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system during this period, and the 1970s–80s map of the system. Contrary to news reports, Vignelli did not design the
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Peter Blake, "Get Off at N1,1,2,3,7,SS,QB,RR,NX,EE – The Crossroads of the World", New York magazine, April 8, 1968
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584:(approved 1963, expected 1965, opened at the end of 1967), effectively merged two of the three historical networks.
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Structural changes to the subway network (costing $ 100 million) to reduce bottlenecks, in particular the
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The Masters Series: Massimo Vignelli, February 22 to March 8, 1991; poster advertisement, reproduced in
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Ingalls for being a very good one. Ingalls began an overhaul of both signage and the subway map. When
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The Vignellis equipped their own home with tables, chairs, lamps and other items that they designed.
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618:. Ronan approved it, and in July 1970 the TA awarded Unimark a contract to design a new system map.
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In 2008, Massimo and Lella Vignelli agreed to donate the entire archive of their design work to
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to produce a special-purpose Regional Transit Map. The map brought in several innovations:
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1921:"MTA Press Release, "MTA Creates First Regional Transit Diagram for Super Bowl XLVIII""
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Celant, Germano; Constantine, Mildred; McFadden, David Revere; Rykwert, Joseph (1990).
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Vignelli's designs were famous for following a minimal aesthetic and a narrow range of
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1222:"Remembering Massimo Vignelli (1931–2014) | Cooper Hewitt, Smithsonian Design Museum"
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several revisions and is still in use today, with weekly updates of service changes.
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opened an office in New York in 1965, Mildred Constantine, curator of design at the
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Inconsistent and out-of-date signage still referred to the old operating companies (
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The origins of the map lie in the problems of the previous decade. In the mid-1960s
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brothers' firm, which designed in a wide variety of areas, to work as a draftsman.
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Heller, Steven, Massimo Vignelli, New York Times Magazine, December 28, 2014, p.58
769:. The archive is housed in a new building designed by Lella and Massimo Vignelli,
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2238:"American Academy of Arts and Letters – 2005 Architecture Awards Press Release"
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Completed Vignelli Center for Design Studies, Rochester Institute of Technology
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was facing unprecedented difficulties in delivering information to its riders:
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670:: within hours, all 500 signed prints were sold for charity at US $ 299 each.
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information design. Vignelli regarded the map as one of his finest creations.
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1402:"Massimo Vignelli, a Visionary Designer Who Untangled the Subway, Dies at 83"
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1947:"Thanks to the Super Bowl, New York Has Its Very First Regional Transit Map"
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1993:
1618:"Massimo Vignelli, Visionary Designer Who Untangled the Subway, Dies at 83"
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Massimo Vignelli was born in Milan in 1931. He studied architecture at the
2018:"RIT Holds Groundbreaking for Vignelli Center for Design Studies on Oct 7"
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Besides showing the New York City Subway, the map also includes the MTA's
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Unimark International: The Design of Business and the Business of Design
643:. The Vignelli map was replaced by a newer design, which is still used.
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2061:"COMPACT, Massimo Vignelli, A.R.P.E. Articoli Plastici Elettrici, 1964"
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1003:(1st. ed.). Mulgrave, Victoria: Images Publishing Group Pty Ltd.
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For the first time since 1979, the MTA issued a Vignelli map on paper.
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570:) long after they had been subsumed under a single public authority.
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appeared on the walls of subway stations and became a landmark in
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Vignelli was given the following awards and honorary doctorates:
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that Vignelli considered to be perfect in their genre, including
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Peter B. Lloyd, "Vignelli: Transit Maps" (RIT Press, 2012) p. 47
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2432:(Stacking Dinnerware for Articoli Plastici Elettrici, Italy)
2215:. National Museum of Design at Cooper-Hewitt. Archived from
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1995 – Brooklyn Museum Design Award for Lifetime Achievement
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1972:
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The Vignelli Canon (9783037782255): Massimo Vignelli: Books
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1992 – Interior Product Designers Fellowship of Excellence
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2314:"Visions of Massimo Vignelli (list of video interviews)"
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tradition. His style stressed simplicity by using basic
976:. Mulgrave, Victoria: Images Publishing Group Pty Ltd.
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2354:"massimo vignelli of vignelli associates (interview)"
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1993 – New York State Governor’s Award for Excellence
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2165:. Interior Design. November 23, 2010. Archived from
2139:. Interior Design. November 23, 2010. Archived from
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Bouabana, Samira; Tillman Sperandio, Angela (2013).
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2003 – National Lifetime Achievement Award from the
845:, for the National Park Service Publications Program
2240:. Artsandletters.org. April 5, 2005. Archived from
895:1996 – Honorary Royal Designer for Industry Award,
878:1994 – Honorary Doctorate in Architecture from the
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383:and Bill Cannan. Vignelli created the signage and
1082:Lella and Massimo Vignelli: two lives, one vision
470:project in 2007, as well as publishing the book,
433:Vignelli died on May 27, 2014, in New York City.
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2336:. AIGA, the professional association for design.
1849:"Michael Hertz, Designer of the NYC Subway Map,"
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2334:"MASSIMO AND LELLA VIGNELLI: Biography by AIGA"
2010:
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1273:"La morte di Massimo Vignelli, grande designer"
129:for grammar, style, cohesion, tone, or spelling
686:. The game was played on February 2, 2014, at
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659:At the end of 2007, Mark Rozzo, an editor at
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909:2002 – Honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts from
902:2000 – Honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts from
885:1994 – Honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts from
858:1988 – Honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts from
848:1987 – Honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts from
823:1982 – Honorary Doctorate in Fine Arts from
610:(MTA) was formed over the TA, chaired by Dr
2294:. Archived from the original on 2013-10-13.
1871:Grynbaum, Michael M. (September 15, 2011).
1568:"Massimo Vignelli dies aged 83 | News"
1385:. Bill Cannan & Company. Archived from
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972:Vignelli, Lella; Vignelli, Massimo (2004).
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76:promotes the subject in a subjective manner
53:Learn how and when to remove these messages
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1733:Vignelli, Massimo; Lella Vignelli (2007).
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534:In August 1972, Vignelli's design for the
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1658:"1972 Knoll Calendar | Denver Art Museum"
1358:"The Subway Map That Rattled New Yorkers"
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573:An influx of 52 million visitors for the
171:Learn how and when to remove this message
153:Learn how and when to remove this message
98:Learn how and when to remove this message
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1531:Grynbaum, Michael (September 15, 2011).
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2322:"Profile of Massimo and Leila Vignelli"
1873:"Aid for Baffled Weekend Subway Riders"
1779:. National Park Service. Archived from
1533:"Aid for Baffled Weekend Subway Riders"
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2944:Polytechnic University of Milan alumni
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2518:(head of various divisions, 1956–1990)
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1820:NYCTA Press Release, November 16, 1967
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799:1964 – Gran Premio Triennale di Milano
771:The Vignelli Center For Design Studies
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2363:"1982 hall of fame: massimo vignelli"
2020:. Rochester Institute of Technology.
608:Metropolitan Transportation Authority
395:. By 1977, Unimark filed bankruptcy.
308:
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2445:"Books designed by Massimo Vignelli"
2426:("Fungo" lamp for Venini Glassworks)
2395:"An Interview with Massimo Vignelli"
2365:. Art Directors Club. Archived from
1566:Montgomery, Angus (April 20, 2006).
1483:, Graphis Portfolios, archived from
1334:. The New York Times Sunday Magazine
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949:(1st. ed.). New York: Rizzoli.
932:American Academy of Arts and Letters
855:1988 – Interior Design Hall of Fame.
809:1973 – Industrial Arts Medal of the
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109:
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18:
2189:"Past Royal Designers for Industry"
2085:"Art Directors Club / Hall of Fame"
1923:. December 10, 2013. Archived from
1508:. Helveticafilm.com. Archived from
1383:"Washington METRO / Washington, DC"
1159:. Heller Online Inc. Archived from
930:2005 – Architecture Award from the
506:In January 2009, Vignelli released
73:This article contains wording that
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2506:(founder and president, 1908–1938)
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1356:Alice Rawsthorn (August 5, 2012).
1330:Pagan Kennedy (December 7, 2012).
1247:"Vignelli, Massimo - Enciclopedia"
1084:. Rochester, New York: RIT Press.
751:Vignelli Center for Design Studies
749:Lella and Massimo in front of the
741:Vignelli Center for Design Studies
356:. At the age of 16, he joined the
332:Vignelli worked firmly within the
199:Massimo and Lella Vignelli in 2010
78:without imparting real information
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2284:
1710:. Interior Design. Archived from
911:Rochester Institute of Technology
804:Association for Industrial Design
767:Rochester Institute of Technology
677:
412:. Vignelli also updated his 1972
34:This article has multiple issues.
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2384:. Panache Privee. Archived from
2344:. Designobserver. Archived from
2024:from the original on 2010-06-01.
1400:Martin, Douglas (May 27, 2014).
923:2004 – Visionary Award from the
811:American Institute of Architects
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23:
2949:Compasso d'Oro Award recipients
2393:Purcell, Kerry William (2009).
2265:"Lella Vignelli's Masterpieces"
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2087:. Adcglobal.org. Archived from
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1994:"About | Vignelli Center | RIT"
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1616:Martin, Douglas (27 May 2014).
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1589:Williams, Keith (28 May 2014).
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1332:"Who Made That Subway Signage?"
1177:. Designnet.org. Archived from
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552:New York City Transit Authority
398:Vignelli worked with filmmaker
42:or discuss these issues on the
2213:"LELLA & MASSIMO VIGNELLI"
1838:New York Times, August 5, 1972
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1157:"Lella & Massimo Vignelli"
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1802:New York Times, July 27, 1964
1793:New York Times, June 24, 1963
1708:"Books – 2007-07-01 04:00:00"
1683:"Massimo Vignelli, 1931–2014"
1271:Emily Langer (May 28, 2014).
1143:
1117:(1st. ed.). Film First.
1057:. Stockholm: Hall of Femmes.
860:Rhode Island School of Design
802:1964, 1998 – Compasso d’Oro,
466:Vignelli participated in the
2964:Royal Designers for Industry
2929:Italian industrial designers
2481:
2316:. Stock Exchange of Visions.
2111:"Massimo and Lella Vignelli"
904:Art Center College of Design
624:57th Street and Sixth Avenue
16:Italian designer (1931–2014)
7:
2356:. designboom. May 21, 2006.
1300:The Vignelli Canon (2010).
1108:Designed by: Lella Vignelli
818:New York Art Directors Club
379:Map, which was designed by
310:[ˈmassimoviɲˈɲɛlli]
10:
2990:
2862:Olivetti-Underwood Factory
1435:. Lars Müller Publishers.
1106:Vignelli, Massimo (2014).
1026:Vignelli, Massimo (2010).
999:Vignelli, Massimo (2007).
920:at Cooper-Hewitt, New York
862:, Providence, Rhode Island
582:Chrystie Street Connection
575:1964 New York World's Fair
530:Vignelli's 1972 subway map
354:Università Iuav di Venezia
2934:Italian graphic designers
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2304:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
947:design: Vignelli (essays)
918:National Museum of Design
841:, presented by President
839:Presidential Design Award
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514:Vignelli worked with the
468:Stock Exchange of Visions
410:typeface of the same name
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2424:Cooper Hewitt Collection
2410:Cooper Hewitt Collection
925:Museum of Art and Design
825:Parsons School of Design
641:Michael Hertz Associates
536:New York City Subway map
522:New York City Subway map
414:New York City Subway map
2361:Ambasz, Emilio (1982).
2263:PrintMag (2014-04-07).
1662:www.denverartmuseum.org
1636:"Selected Client Lists"
436:
343:
2512:(president, 1938–1960)
2113:. AIGA. Archived from
1973:"SuperWarmRed Designs"
1113:Hustwit, Gary (2019).
1030:. Baden: Lars Müller.
906:, Pasadena, California
887:Corcoran School of Art
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647:The 2000s Vignelli map
601:The 1970s Vignelli map
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458:. His former employee
430:
426:Ovenware designed for
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306:Italian pronunciation:
2401:(181). Archived from
2292:"Vignelli Associates"
2041:. Vignelli Associates
1739:. Images Publishing.
1736:Vignelli: From A to Z
1638:. Vignelli Associates
1487:on September 24, 2008
1431:Conradi, Jan (2010).
1200:"Vignelli Associates"
1080:Conradi, Jan (2014).
1001:Vignelli from A to Z.
913:, Rochester, New York
897:Royal Society of Arts
869:Gold Medal for Design
790:
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760:
748:
719:Long Island Rail Road
654:
591:Unimark International
529:
516:National Park Service
473:Vignelli: From A to Z
425:
365:Unimark International
350:Politecnico di Milano
327:
284:Unimark International
255:Politecnico di Milano
2615:Pier Giorgio Perotto
2430:Museum of Modern Art
2342:"Mr. Vignelli's Map"
2169:on December 26, 2008
1459:. Art-directory.info
1226:www.cooperhewitt.org
880:University of Venice
852:, Brooklyn, New York
753:during construction.
715:Metro-North Railroad
595:Museum of Modern Art
373:New York City Subway
2880:(acquired Olivetti)
2244:on December 5, 2012
1777:"Brochures History"
1595:Wall Street Journal
402:on the documentary
393:Vignelli Associates
315:Vignelli Associates
280:Vignelli Associates
269:industrial designer
2565:Carlo De Benedetti
2382:"Massimo Vignelli"
2143:on January 7, 2009
2137:"Massimo Vignelli"
2091:on August 18, 2013
2036:"Missimo Vignelli"
1953:. January 31, 2014
1878:The New York Times
1854:2019-12-05 at the
1783:on March 11, 2012.
1762:The Vignelli Canon
1622:The New York Times
1457:"Massimo Vignelli"
1407:The New York Times
1362:The New York Times
1163:on March 11, 2012.
1028:The Vignelli Canon
889:, Washington, D.C.
867:National Arts Club
793:
763:
755:
696:New Jersey Transit
657:
532:
508:The Vignelli Canon
431:
330:
133:You can assist by
2974:Product designers
2911:
2910:
2820:
2819:
2668:
2667:
2605:Costantino Nivola
2570:Michele De Lucchi
2418:Venini Glassworks
2065:ADI Design Museum
1714:on August 3, 2012
1681:Bierut, Michael.
1442:978-3-03778-184-5
1091:978-1-939125-07-1
1064:978-91-978827-4-3
1010:978-1-86470-176-0
684:Super Bowl XLVIII
546:Origin of the map
456:American Airlines
369:American Airlines
352:and later at the
317:, with his wife,
299:
298:
246:Italian, American
237:New York City, US
181:
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173:
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107:
100:
57:
2981:
2905:Commons category
2903:
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2688:
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2676:
2675:
2655:Massimo Vignelli
2620:Giovanni Pintori
2610:Marcello Nizzoli
2580:Ignazio Gardella
2555:Natale Capellaro
2510:Adriano Olivetti
2504:Camillo Olivetti
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2163:"Lella Vignelli"
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1597:. Online.wsj.com
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1512:on June 28, 2014
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1175:"Lella Vignelli"
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612:William J. Ronan
501:Century Expanded
485:Akzidenz-Grotesk
377:Washington Metro
328:Massimo Vignelli
312:
307:
302:Massimo Vignelli
265:Graphic designer
233:
215:January 10, 1931
214:
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187:Massimo Vignelli
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2969:Olivetti people
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2857:500 Park Avenue
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2635:Ettore Sottsass
2540:Getulio Alviani
2527:
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2485:
2480:
2447:. Books.Design.
2443:
2399:Grafik Magazine
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2117:on May 14, 2011
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1900:"The Weekender"
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1861:(AUG. 3, 2007).
1856:Wayback Machine
1847:Hogarty, Dave.
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688:MetLife Stadium
680:
655:2008 subway map
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616:lower Manhattan
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2924:AIGA medalists
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2650:Lella Vignelli
2647:
2645:Grazia Varisco
2642:
2637:
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2630:Piero Scaruffi
2627:
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2597:
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2560:Gianni Colombo
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2427:
2421:
2407:
2405:on 2012-04-25.
2390:
2388:on 2011-04-18.
2378:
2358:
2350:
2348:on 2009-09-01.
2338:
2330:
2318:
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2286:
2285:External links
2283:
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2269:PRINT Magazine
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1389:on 2011-08-20.
1374:
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1316:978-3037782255
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1202:. Vignelli.com
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511:at its best."
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452:Bloomingdale's
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2535:Franco Albini
2533:
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2528:and engineers
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2412:(Pitcher for
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2369:on 2013-08-18
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1884:September 30,
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1570:. Design Week
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1542:September 23,
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