1019:
339:
1031:
43:
160:
837:
540:
single phase-systems, this usually translates to uniform concentration throughout the phase, while for multiphase systems chemical species will often prefer one phase over the others and reach a uniform chemical potential only when most of the chemical species has been absorbed into the preferred phase, as in
539:
may couple to the flow of mass and drive it as well. A chemical species moves from areas of high chemical potential to areas of low chemical potential. Thus, the maximum theoretical extent of a given mass transfer is typically determined by the point at which the chemical potential is uniform. For
453:, and the distillation of alcohol. In industrial processes, mass transfer operations include separation of chemical components in distillation columns, absorbers such as scrubbers or stripping, adsorbers such as activated carbon beds, and
626:), but the analogy between heat and mass transfer remains good. A great deal of effort has been devoted to developing analogies among these three transport processes so as to allow prediction of one from any of the others.
547:
While thermodynamic equilibrium determines the theoretical extent of a given mass transfer operation, the actual rate of mass transfer will depend on additional factors including the flow patterns within the system and the
528:
problems. It is used in reaction engineering, separations engineering, heat transfer engineering, and many other sub-disciplines of chemical engineering like electrochemical engineering.
465:. These towers couple heat transfer to mass transfer by allowing hot water to flow in contact with air. The water is cooled by expelling some of its content in the form of water vapour.
614:
to transport of conserved quantities in a flow field. At higher
Reynolds number, the analogy between mass and heat transfer and momentum transfer becomes less useful due to the
590:
There are notable similarities in the commonly used approximate differential equations for momentum, heat, and mass transfer. The molecular transfer equations of
1067:
585:
366:
410:. Mass transfer is used by different scientific disciplines for different processes and mechanisms. The phrase is commonly used in
999:
984:
802:
181:
107:
79:
1004:
359:
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126:
86:
989:
623:
326:
321:
1062:
979:
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171:
93:
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60:
1023:
912:
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297:
143:
17:
1057:
75:
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of the species in each phase. This rate can be quantified through the calculation and application of
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750:
745:
557:
541:
454:
938:
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for an overall process. These mass transfer coefficients are typically published in terms of
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151:
100:
8:
963:
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250:
386:, fraction, or component) to another. Mass transfer occurs in many processes, such as
1030:
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549:
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851:
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383:
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780:
492:
and becomes gravitationally bound to a second body, usually a compact object (
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266:
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615:
497:
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231:
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is the net movement of mass from one location (usually meaning stream,
501:
489:
419:
579:
509:
504:), and is eventually accreted onto it. It is a common phenomenon in
42:
658:
Welty, James R.; Wicks, Charles E.; Wilson, Robert
Elliott (1976).
159:
836:
531:
The driving force for mass transfer is usually a difference in
513:
478:
446:
427:
395:
27:
Net movement of mass from one location, phase, etc. to another
450:
438:
485:
433:
Some common examples of mass transfer processes are the
684:
685:Bird, R.B.; Stewart, W.E.; Lightfoot, E.N. (2007).
580:
Analogies between heat, mass, and momentum transfer
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
508:, and may play an important role in some types of
661:Fundamentals of momentum, heat, and mass transfer
1049:
657:
810:
644:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2013.03.134
457:. Mass transfer is often coupled to additional
610:for mass are very similar, since they are all
796:
701:
524:Mass transfer finds extensive application in
360:
695:
653:
651:
1068:Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
803:
789:
367:
353:
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
648:
477:, mass transfer is the process by which
535:, when it can be defined, though other
519:
14:
1050:
1000:List of chemical engineering societies
985:Index of chemical engineering articles
642:Electrochimica Acta 100 (2013) 78-84.
624:general momentum conservation equation
784:
414:for physical processes that involve
65:adding citations to reliable sources
36:
1005:List of chemical process simulators
445:, the purification of blood in the
24:
678:
158:
25:
1079:
1029:
1018:
1017:
990:Education for Chemical Engineers
835:
702:Taylor, R.; Krishna, R. (1993).
338:
337:
41:
980:Outline of chemical engineering
827:History of chemical engineering
468:
52:needs additional citations for
636:
13:
1:
913:Chemical reaction engineering
629:
461:, for instance in industrial
704:Multicomponent Mass Transfer
622:(or more fundamentally, the
7:
714:
484:bound to a body, usually a
10:
1084:
995:List of chemical engineers
594:for fluid momentum at low
583:
554:mass transfer coefficients
29:
1013:
972:
931:
923:Chemical process modeling
903:
875:
844:
833:
819:
776:Accretion (astrophysics)
751:Liquid-liquid extraction
746:Vapor-Liquid Equilibrium
731:Fick's laws of diffusion
542:liquid-liquid extraction
455:liquid-liquid extraction
318:Glossary of engineering
30:Not to be confused with
939:Chemical thermodynamics
537:thermodynamic gradients
293:Chemical thermodynamics
1063:Mechanical engineering
620:Navier-Stokes equation
163:
944:Chemical plant design
664:(2 ed.). Wiley.
612:linear approximations
558:dimensionless numbers
314:Glossary of chemistry
162:
812:Chemical engineering
741:McCabe-Thiele method
691:(2 ed.). Wiley.
526:chemical engineering
520:Chemical engineering
298:Reaction engineering
251:Separation processes
152:Chemical engineering
61:improve this article
1058:Transport phenomena
964:Transport phenomena
736:Distillation column
688:Transport Phenomena
586:Transport phenomena
459:transport processes
441:from a pond to the
404:membrane filtration
223:Transport phenomena
1036:Portal:Engineering
756:Separation process
560:, often including
533:chemical potential
164:
1045:
1044:
918:Chemical kinetics
885:Momentum transfer
862:Chemical engineer
766:Type Ia supernova
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16:(Redirected from
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781:
708:
707:
699:
693:
692:
682:
676:
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655:
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576:, among others.
570:Sherwood numbers
566:Reynolds numbers
428:physical systems
424:chemical species
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355:
341:
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246:Chemical reactor
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574:Schmidt numbers
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482:gravitationally
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288:Process control
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213:Unit operations
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721:Crystal growth
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634:
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628:
606:for heat, and
584:Main article:
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562:Péclet numbers
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506:binary systems
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463:cooling towers
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890:Heat transfer
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726:Heat transfer
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604:Fourier's law
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550:diffusivities
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422:transport of
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400:precipitation
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380:Mass transfer
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117:December 2009
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78: –
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73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
18:Mass Transfer
1034:
1022:
905:Unit process
894:
703:
697:
686:
680:
660:
638:
616:nonlinearity
592:Newton's law
589:
546:
530:
523:
498:neutron star
488:, fills its
475:astrophysics
472:
469:Astrophysics
432:
408:distillation
379:
378:
271:
190:Fundamentals
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
761:Binary star
600:Stokes flow
494:white dwarf
435:evaporation
412:engineering
392:evaporation
1052:Categories
630:References
608:Fick's law
510:supernovae
502:black hole
490:Roche lobe
443:atmosphere
420:convective
388:absorption
306:Glossaries
87:newspapers
416:diffusive
1024:Category
932:Branches
845:Concepts
715:See also
706:. Wiley.
343:Category
218:Kinetics
203:Engineer
198:Industry
144:a series
142:Part of
820:History
618:of the
514:pulsars
447:kidneys
426:within
259:Aspects
208:Process
177:History
172:Outline
101:scholar
973:Others
814:topics
668:
572:, and
479:matter
406:, and
396:drying
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
451:liver
439:water
384:phase
182:Index
108:JSTOR
94:books
666:ISBN
512:and
486:star
449:and
418:and
80:news
602:),
500:or
473:In
437:of
327:M–Z
322:A–L
63:by
1054::
650:^
568:,
564:,
544:.
516:.
496:,
430:.
402:,
398:,
394:,
390:,
146:on
804:e
797:t
790:v
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598:(
368:e
361:t
354:v
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
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