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in these cities came from
Christian Japanese men who came from former samurai families. Several local chapters were formed that focused on temperance. The exception was the Tokyo WCTU chapter which organized on December 6, 1886—after Leavitt had already left Japan. They took on the name of "Tokyo Woman's Association for Reforming Customs" and focused more on issues of prostitution and concubinage rather than the liquor traffic. There was not much support for the Polyglot Petition in Japan.
614:. She lectured in Tumatave, Antananarivo, Amboinaga, Ambatovory, and Andovoranto until December 12, 1888. She was greatly admired by the Queen who contributed funds for her travel costs. Leavitt wrote back to her media contacts in the U.S., Australia and New Zealand of her horrors of the impact of rum trafficking on the people of Madagascar. From there she traveled east through central Africa to the Congo basin; but then turned south where she began a series of lectures in the British
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578:(then called Ceylon), lecturing at Colombo, Kolupitiga, Colpetty, Kandy, Anarodopura, Oodooville, Batticotta, Oodoopitty, Tillipally, Nellore, Jffna, Panadere, Kalistore, and Galle. Leavitt had difficulty with local British colonials who disapproved of women speaking in public. She did succeed however in forming sixteen "European" unions and thirteen non-white unions which were composed of members "of all religions."
715:. She was ill much of the time there due to yellow fever plagues, and she met with some resistance from college men in Pernambuco, Brazil, who threw paving stones at her as she was speaking. She suffered from malaria in April and left for New York on May 9. Nevertheless, she had during this visit traveled nearly 14,000 miles and held 82 meetings. In the winter of 1895, she traveled to
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764:, for instance, where Leavitt embarked on a campaign which, she wrote, would "work on education, on scientific and Biblical lines, tobacco and chastity at least", her campaign was regarded suspiciously. Shortly after her arrival, the American-born reformer was told by a Japanese government official that "your mission here is doing for Japanese women what
278:, she also represented the New England Women's Suffrage Association. Her daughter Edith sang at the opening of the Fourteenth convention of the New England Woman Suffrage Association in 1882, and Leavitt gave a rousing speech on women's rights, temperance and how men's attitudes about women can change.
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Much of the early temperance message concerned rape and sexual crimes influenced, crusaders felt, by alcohol consumption. But such blunt talk could not be addressed openly, and it was only hinted at. In a speech entitled "Temperance and Purity," for example, Mary
Clement Leavitt spoke of her campaign
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Midway through
Leavitt's travels, the WCTU reckoned that their emissary had "traveled over 100,000 miles in 43 different countries; crossed the Equator eight times; held over 1,600 meetings; had the services of 290 different interpreters in 47 languages and formed 130 temperance societies, 86 of them
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While in Japan for five months (June 1 through
October 12, 1886), she lectured at Yokohama, Tokio, Nikko, Hieizan, Kioto, Osaka, Wakayamo, Sakai, Kobe, Okayama, and Nagasaki. She also wrote articles on the scientific arguments for temperance that were translated into Japanese. Much of her connections
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By
February 4, 1885, Leavitt presided over the founding of the Auckland branch of the WCTU. Over the next seven months, she visited large and small cities on both islands: in the Auckland area, she visited Remuera, Parnell, Ponsonby, Newton, and Onehunga. She moved south to Thames, Cambridge, Wairoa,
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In recognition of
Leavitt's service, she was eventually named Honorary Life President of the WCTU, in which capacity she served for 20 years. Her stature within the movement was such that she often addressed the national convention. Lillian M.N. Stevens, National President spoke about Leavitt in her
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Leavitt's mission surpassed the wildest aspirations of WCTU's leadership. Eventually, while
Leavitt was embarked on her nearly ceaseless international travels, Frances Willard created at WCTU headquarters the Leavitt Fund, designed to finance Leavitt's travels and proselytizing. Eventually, because
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After having toured the country for nearly a year, Leavitt left Mrs. M.D. MacDonald (a
Scottish Presbyterian missionary) as the provisional national president of the WCTU there. Leavitt continued to correspond with the sisters Margaret and Mary Leitch who, by 1888, had gathered 33,000 signatures for
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We therefore, come to you with the united voices of representative women from every civilized nation under the sun, beseeching you to strip away the safeguards and sanctions of the law from the Drink
Traffic and the Opium Trade, and to protect our Home by the Total Prohibition of this two-fold curse
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Mrs. Mary
Clement Leavitt was a woman of heroic courage and of great achievement. She possessed a sublime faith which was honored wherever she went, and she traveled for eight years in forty-three different countries; for seven years she never saw the face of a person she had ever before met. Mrs.
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Leavitt sailed from England on June 6, 1891, and arrived home in Boston on June 18. She had spent only about $ 8,000 of which $ 1,600 was donated by U.S. WCTU members – the rest was collected during her speeches along the way. It had been eight years since she left Boston. In January 1892, Leavitt
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who took over and created the national organization after Leavitt left New Zealand. Leavitt also visited the South Island: Dunedin (the largest city at the time), Port Chalmers, Ravensborne, Oamaru, Invercargill, Christchurch, Sydnenham, Papanui, Richmond. She returned to the North Island to visit
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Church and marched to the local saloons. Singing hymns as they went, the women demanded the saloons cease selling alcohol. In an age when most women were barred from voting, and when courts rarely addressed domestic violence or human trafficking, the temperance crusade offered women the moral high
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took nearly a year and included lectures also at Simla, Mussoorie, Naini Tal. Bareilly, Lucknow, Sitapur, Cawnpore, Etawela, Agra, Bombay, Poona, Nagpur, Jabalpur, Allahabad, Benares, Madras, Hydirabad, Secundirabad, Negapatam, Madura, Batalagundu, Kodaikanal, Tuticorin. She left India on June 1,
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minister, Dr. Henry M. Dexter. She worked with Mrs. J.M. Whitney of Honolulu to find places to lecture in the Hawaiian Islands. She traveled to Hilo, Wiluku and Haiku, using interpreters to speak to indigenous Hawaiians, Portuguese, Japanese, and Chinese audiences, where she was well received. On
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in 1877, who at that time was head of the WCTU Publications Department. Willard described her as "a notable New England type of calm, clear intellect, masterful will, true heart, and perfect self-control. Whenever she rose to speak, the bright-eye and handsome but pathetic face, enlisted our
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did for the country." In other places, Leavitt's message against tobacco, opium, alcohol and sex outside marriage did not necessarily sit well, not to mention her calls for women's right to vote. In some locales different customs presented the WCTU crusader with unlikely predicaments: in
801:, November 10–11, 1891. She presented a plan of work for the nations where she had visited, and the plan was accepted unchanged. Leavitt was elected WWCTU secretary but refused to accept any committee work due to her poor health. She was then elected Honorary President of the WWCTU.
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in August 1885 to get signatures that would show world leaders of their people's willingness to take a stand against the alcohol traffic and opium trade. Willard started the petition process that ended up with nearly 7.5 million signatures. The text of the Polyglot Petition follows:
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contributed a leaflet in tribute to Leavitt and which local WCTU chapters purchased to read in their meetings. Willard was able to promise $ 3,700 to Leavitt. Leavitt sailed from Sydney to Japan in April 1886 with a plan to use those funds to go through Asia and then on to Africa.
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As the worldwide temperance movement caught fire, crusaders like Leavitt, who had helped found WCTU chapters in India, found that their reformist ideals led them to other causes as well. Leavitt and others, for instance, began questioning the need for continued British rule in
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Leavitt's journey did not begin auspiciously; she left America with no financial backing from the national organization and only $ 35 in her pocket – from her own funds. "She has no capital save her faith", WCTU founder Frances Willard noted in the group's publication,
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Towards the end of her life, Leavitt fell out with WCTU leadership, and ultimately resigned from the organization. Looking back, she told interviewers that her greatest accomplishment was not her temperance efforts, but instead building fellowship among the world's women.
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to assess what the WCTU could do to organize international temperance efforts. Leavitt was designated the WCTU's "Superintendent of Reconnaissance for World's WCTU." The purpose of her first mission abroad, said the organization's newsletter tentatively, would be visiting
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on June 1, 1886, with no one to greet her - the mission community members had mistakenly thought she was on her way to China first. She left the ship and went right out into the city to introduce herself at Bible Society rooms there. She met that day Clara and
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She married Thomas Hooker Leavitt, a Boston real estate broker from Vermont, on June 3, 1857. They had three daughters. Thomas Leavitt later moved to Nebraska; the couple divorced in 1878. Mary Leavitt established her own private school at 115 Warren Avenue,
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Minutes of the Second Biennial Convention and Executive Committee Meetings of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union, including addresses, superintendents' reports, papers and letters. Memorial Art Palace, Chicago, Ill., U.S.A. October 16 and 17,
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But the message of Leavitt and other WCTU reformers were not always received so warmly abroad, where their mingling of temperance and suffrage and emerging women's rights issues were sometimes complicated by cultural differences or long-held taboos. In
236:, became famous as they visited local saloons to pray and sing with their leader Mrs. Esther McNeil; and, on December 22, 1873, they were the first to call themselves the Woman's Christian Temperance Union. Two days later, following a lecture at the
466:, Australia. There, Leavitt traveled from Sydney to MacDonaldstown, Newton, Lithgow, Bathurst, Rockhampton, Townsville, Charter's Towers, Mayborough, Ipswich, Toowoonsba, Melbourne, Queenscliff, and Adelaide. From February to March she also visited
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opened her school for young Hindu widows in Mumbai in the spring of 1889, the WWCTU supported her work and commissioned her as a WCTU National Lecturer. Not until August 1893 did the WCTU of India officially organize. It was based in Lucknow with
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does not include her in its list of arrivals. She begins lecturing in Auckland, the commercial and financial center for New Zealand, on January 27 sharing the stage with an already recognized and popular temperance missionary, Rev. R.T. Booth.
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Leavitt visited Chelmulpo, Korea on October 16, 1886; and went on from there to China. From October 21, 1886, to February 1, 1887, she gave lectures in Chefoo, Tientsin, Tungeho, Pekin, Shanghai, Foo-chow, Amoy, Swatow, Hongking, and Canton.
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We know these stimulants and opiates are sold under legal guarantees, which make the Governs partners in the traffic, by accepting as revenue a portion of its profits, and that they are forced by treaties upon populations either ignorant or
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Leavitt was a New England woman, and the last years of her earthly life were spent in her home city in Boston. White-ribboners everywhere are grateful for her splendid pioneer work. "She rests from her labors, and her works do follow her."
351:– almost a quarter of Australia's adult females – signed a petition to the government demanding that it introduce local legislation to protect the female sex from the "ill usage" said to sometimes accompany alcohol abuse.
332:. Willard told her followers: "Let me affectionately urge you to pray definitely for Mrs. Mary Clement Leavitt and her embassy, the most distant echo of the great Ohio crusade, the farthest outreaching of the gospel temperance wave."
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By the end of her decade of travels, Leavitt had organized over 86 worldwide WCTU international chapters, and some 21 men's temperance societies in over 40 countries. Her success encouraged the second of the World WCTU missionaries,
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that spring. At stops along the way, Leavitt organized more WCTU chapters, often presiding over meetings at YMCAs and other gathering places where WCTU affiliates were formed and officers elected. She organized 23 branches of the
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the chapters Leavitt founded became largely self-sustaining, and because the Boston activist covered her own expenses through individual donations, the Leavitt Fund was applied towards supporting other WCTU foreign missionaries.
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In 1881 she left her school and began working full time for the WCTU to promote temperance and suffrage, serving as the National WCTU's first Superintendent of the Franchise Department in 1882. As Leavitt traveled through
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to the 'National Purity Conference'. "'I never should have yielded to him but for the wine he persuaded me to take,' is the wail of thousands of young girls who had no wish to go astray", Leavitt told the delegates.
343:. In 1885 she championed the formation of the New Zealand Woman's Christian Temperance Union under the leadership of many suffragists who then became more organized nationally under the Franchise Superintendency of
142:(WCTU). Setting out on virtually non-stop worldwide tours over a decade, she "went to all continents save Antarctica," where she crusaded against alcohol and its evils including domestic violence; and advocated for
200:, from 1867 to 1881. At one time, she had sixty-five students, two full-time teachers, two assistant pupils, and four specialists for French, German, Italian and drawing. Leavitt taught French, Latin and singing.
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We have no power to prevent this great iniquity under which the whole world groans and staggers, but you have the power to clense the flags of every clime from the stain of your complicity with this unmingled
1972:
New Hampshire Women: A Collection of Portraits and Biographical Sketches of Daughters and Residents of the Granite State, Who are Worthy Representatives of their Sex in the Various Walks and Conditions of
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minister Rev. Joshua Clement and his wife Eliza (Harvey) Clement. Her parents totally abstained from the use of alcohol and opposed slavery. Mary was the second of nine children; and, she was educated at
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at the palace where he kept his harem. (But Leavitt's attitude towards the polygamist potentate was somewhat muted, thanks to the monarch's large donation towards a home for impoverished elderly women).
756:, for instance, who was a leading female crusader in 1880s India against confinement of widows and child brides, joined forces with the WCTU, for whom she acted as an unofficial missionary and lecturer.
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November 22, 1884, in the upper hall of the YMCA building Leavitt with forty women she established the Honolulu WCTU. She was sent on with additional funds (around $ 400) from the Honolulu WCTU members.
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1893, page 30). She was again named Honorary President that year, and her birthday was designated WWCTU Day. By the fifth Convention in 1900, Leavitt was not listed among any of the officers.
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The Polyglot Petition and signatures from people on six continents was pasted onto nearly 100 rolls of canvas. It is currently archived at the Frances Willard Historical House and Museum in
257:, actively campaigning for the right to vote as part of the "Home Protection" campaign. Under Willard's leadership, the WCTU grew in membership to become the nation's largest women's club.
1610:
414:, then called the "Sandwich Islands") with $ 35 (approximately $ 1,100 value in 2024) in her purse. She had also brought with her a letter of introduction and recommendation from her own
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Her father died after a long illness in June 1883, and Willard tasked her with field work in the Mississippi Valley and the West Coast. In July 1883 Leavitt traveled to
642:, Scotland where she lectured to an audience of 2,200 people. She attended the inaugural Purity Congress in Geneva, Switzerland then returned to England. She sailed to
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But we know that Alcoholic Stimulants and Opium, which craze and cloud the brain, make misery for man and all the world, and most of all for us and all our children.
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on December 14, 1888, and for the next several weeks traveled to speak in Uruzumbi, Inanda, Amamzimrole, Verulam, Umvoti, Maritzburg, Ladysmith, and Harrismith.
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Early on, the minister's daughter became interested in the emerging women's movement, and she was among the temperance movement's earliest activists. She met
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Her daughter Amy, educated at "Mrs. Mary Clement Leavitt's Private School in Boston", later became a translator and musician after graduating from the
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Leavitt had no more funds to continue her world tour and wrote to Willard that she must return home unless the WCTU would support her work. Suffragist
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WCTUs, and 23 branches of the White Cross." Left out of the tally were the so-called "Bands of Hope" Leavitt founded for the protection of children.
558:(then known as Burma) where she spent four months, giving speeches at Maulemien, Amhurst, Rangoon, Toungoo, Mandalay, Prine, Bassein, and Naubin.
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1905:
470:, the island state of Australia, lecturing in Lancaster, Cressy, Beaconsfield, Hobart, Richmond, and Campbelltown before returning to Sydney.
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2008:
A Woman of the Century: Fourteen hundred-seventy biographical sketches accompanied by portraits of leading American women in all walks of life
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Leavitt, Mary Clement (February 4, 1904). "World Trip of a Pioneer: A Ten Years' White Ribbon Missionary Journey in Fifty Foreign Countries".
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Clement; September 22, 1830 – February 5, 1912) was an educator and successful orator who became the first round-the-world missionary for the
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Minutes of the Executive Committee and First Convention of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union, including addresses and reports
1613:[Forging Bonds Across Borders: Transatlantic Collaborations for Women’s Rights and Social Justice in the Long Nineteenth Century]
874:"The greatest value of my years of work lies in the impetus the labors of a woman have given to development among women in remote places."
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We, your petitioners, although physically weak, are strong of heart to love our homes, our Native Land, and the World's Family of Nations.
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recognized Leavitt's organizational abilities and popularity as a lecturer, by asking her new emissary to undertake a mission to the
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752:. And native Indian-born reformers, drawn to the temperance crusade, spread their reformist ideas among the temperance forces.
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and other equal rights such as higher education for women. In 1891 she became the honorary life president of the World's WCTU.
898:. while her daughter, Agnes, had, since the mid-1880s, managed a studio in Brockton where she sold paintings and taught art.
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which drew millions of visitors from all over the world. By that point, Leavitt was living with her brother, L.H. Clement in
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in 1873 when local women, concerned about alcohol's influence on home life, met in churches for prayer and then protested at
217:
139:
1611:"The World Woman's Christian Temperance Union: An Early Transnational Women's Organization and its Work in India, 1883–1900"
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American Women's Destiny, Asian Women's Dignity: Trans-Pacific Activism of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1886–1945
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But the times were right for Leavitt's message. Temperance crusaders found willing listeners among women in places like
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and Tauranga, TeAroha. She spent time in Wellington, the nation's capital, and The Hutt nearby. In Wellington, she met
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and the Far East "endeavoring to introduce the W.C.T.U. methods and to provide for a helpful interchange of sympathy."
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We know that when the brain of man is clear, his home is happy, his country prosperous, and the world grows friendly.
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ground. In addition to push for banning alcohol sales and the opium trade, WCTU missionaries under the leadership of
1961:
Giele, Janet Z. (1971). "Leavitt, Mary Greenleaf Clement (Sept. 22, 1830-Feb. 5, 1912)". In James, Edward T. (ed.).
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attention." Leavitt then organized the first WCTU chapter in Boston, serving as its president, from 1879 to 1880.
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Leavitt brought copies of the Polyglot Petition to display at the first World WCTU Convention at Faneuil Hall in
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2006:
1907:
Woman's Who's who of America: A Biographical Dictionary of Contemporary Women of the United States and Canada
1107:. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. August 31, 1895. p. 277
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Woman's World/Woman's Empire: The Woman's Christian Temperance Union in International Perspective, 1880–1930
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1178:. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. June 10, 1882. p. 182
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hosted a reception with representatives from many different temperance groups. Leavitt was then invited to
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187:, for two years. For the next three years, she served as head assistant in the Boylston Grammar School.
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1551:"For God, Home, and Country": The Woman's Christian Temperance Union and Reform Efforts in Meiji Japan
1072:"Mrs. Mary Clement Leavitt: Honorary Life President of World's W.C.T.U. Was Noted Writer and Lecturer"
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1868:
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Our Goodly Heritage: A Historical Review of the World's Woman's Christian Temperance Union, 1883–1956
1160:. Bowling Green, OH : Bowling Green State University Popular Press – via Internet Archive.
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1347:. clipping from Leavitt file at Frances Willard House Museum Archives, Evanston, IL. pp. 6, 12.
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1938:. Schlesinger Library, Radcliffe Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. February 13, 1886
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to travel from Honolulu to Australia with a stop at Auckland, New Zealand. She arrived on the
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Mary grew up in a religious household that was influenced by such temperance leaders such as
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at Port Lewis on September 10, 1888. She spent two weeks there before traveling on south to
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244:, a judge's wife and the daughter of a former governor, gathered 70 women in prayer at the
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Without Compromised: A Brief History of the New Zealand Women's Christian Temperance Union
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seeking to build up support for the protection of women and children at the local levels.
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1758:. Boston, Mass., U.S.A.: Woman's Temperance Publishing Association. November 10–11, 1891.
542:(then called Siam) on February 2, 1887. She spent a month in Thailand, also lecturing in
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to organize WCTU chapters there. From 1883 to 1891, Leavitt was a secretary in the WCTU.
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143:
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1809:"Mary Evans Wilson was founding member of the Women's Service Club, NAACP Boston Branch"
1391:. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, Lib. of Congress. November 24, 1885
1365:. Chronicling America: Historic American Newspapers, Lib. of Congress. November 25, 1884
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native and Boston real estate broker whom she married in 1857, was not chronicled.
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The second World WCTU Convention took place in Chicago in 1893 to coincide with the
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1785:"Anti-Lynchers in Boston: White and Colored Women Hold a Meeting and Make Speeches"
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1843:""Foes of Alcohol: World's Convention of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union",
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of civilization throughout all the territory over which your Government extends.
983:. Evanston, Illinois: National Woman's Christian Temperance Union Signal Press.
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300:, "she had what biographers described as an unfortunate family resemblance to
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1965:. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. pp. 383–385.
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1831:. Encyclopedia Americana Corporation. May 22, 1919 – via Google Books.
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1053:"The Granite Monthly: A Magazine of Literature, History and State Progress"
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1485:. Auckland, NZ: New Zealand Women's Christian Temperance Union. p. 4.
1462:. PapersPast, National Library of New Zealand. January 28, 1885. p. 4
1432:. PapersPast, National Library of New Zealand. January 15, 1885. p. 4
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2000:. Evanston, IL: National Woman's Christian Temperance Union Signal Press.
1773:. Chicago, Ill., U.S.A.: Woman's Temperance Publishing Association. 1893.
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Osborne, Lori (2017). Waldschmidt-Nelson, Britta; Schuler, Anja (eds.).
1010:"The Twentieth Century Biographical Dictionary of Notable Americans ..."
931:. Chapel Hill and London: The University of Carolina Press. p. 85.
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Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia
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Alcohol and Temperance in Modern History: An International Encyclopedia
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1976:. Concord, NH: The New Hampshire Publishing Co. 1895. pp. 32–33.
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Notable American Women, 1607–1950: A Biographical Dictionary, Volume 2
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Leavitt traveled from Africa to England, where on September 23, 1889,
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Cross Currents in the International Women's Movement, 1848–1948
1172:"Fourteenth Anniversary. New England Woman Suffrage Assoc convention"
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in April before she returned to the European continent. She spoke in
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with 29 passengers in steerage January 14 without much fanfare – the
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On November 15, 1884, Leavitt sailed from San Francisco to Honolulu (
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Cross Currents in the International Women's Movement 1848–1948
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Cross Currents in the International Women's Movement 1848–1948
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Cross Currents in the International Women's Movement 1848–1948
296:"Past middle age and granite-faced," writes Patricia Ward D'Itri in
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Woman and Temperance: The Quest for Power and Liberty, 1873 to 1900
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Bulletin of the German Historical Institute Washington, Supplement
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by March 16, spending a few weeks in this area, lecturing also at
1158:"Cross currents in the international women's movement, 1848–1948"
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Metcalf, Henry Harrison; McClintock, John Norris (May 22, 1912).
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183:, for one year; then, she taught in the Quincy Grammar School of
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514:, Presbyterian missionaries, who arranged her lectures there.
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1829:"The Encyclopedia Americana: A Library of Universal Knowledge"
1498:"Mary Clement Leavitt to Hannah Whitall Smith, 13 August 1885"
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Southern Asia: Thailand, Singapore, Myanmar, India, Sri Lanka
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To the Governments of the World (Collectively and Severally)
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Music Hall the night before, the Crusade was born when Mrs.
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Mary Clement Leavitt: First WCTU Round-The-World Missionary
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Reforming the World: The Creation of America's Moral Empire
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Reforming the World: The Creation of America's Moral Empire
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Mary Clement Leavitt: First WCTU Round-the-World Missionary
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of California to leave for her world tour in January 1889.
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Leavitt boarded the Pacific Mail Steamship Co.'s steamship
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Leavitt, Mary Clement (June 28, 1888). "Report on India".
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Mary Greenleaf Clement was born on September 22, 1830, in
812:, and sent a letter of regret that she could not attend (
2011:. Buffalo, NY: Charles Wells Moulton. pp. 455–456.
171:, and later at the Massachusetts State Normal School at
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1912 presidential address to the U.S. WCTU Convention:
2005:
Willard, Frances E.; Livermore, Mary A., eds. (1893).
1894:. A.N. Marquis. May 22, 1909 – via Google Books.
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Johnson, Rossiter; Brown, John Howard (May 22, 1904).
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Leavitt's connection with the U.S. temperance movement
1681:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 131.
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Rumford Press. May 22, 1899 – via Google Books.
2103:
Presidents of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union
1598:. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 31.
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Crosscurrents in the International Women's Movement
1145:. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
824:In 1899, she was one of the speakers at a women's
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887:schoolteacher's ex-husband, Thomas H. Leavitt, a
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2044:
2004:
1652:"Mrs. Leavitt on the Liquor Trade in Madagascar"
1910:. American Commonwealth Company. May 22, 1914.
2038:Frances Willard House Museum and WCTU Archives
1217:Woman's Christian Temperance Union New Zealand
1012:Biographical Society – via Google Books.
719:, and the subsequent two winters, she visited
216:. The temperance campaign that was led by the
1363:The Pacific Commercial Advertiser (Honolulu )
1338:
1336:
1334:
1332:
1330:
1328:
1326:
1195:
1193:
1696:. London: Walthamstow Press. pp. 20–21.
1130:. Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
1007:
422:
16:American missionary and activist (1830–1912)
1055:. J.N. McClintock – via Google Books.
674:. In January 1891, she traveled across the
602:Africa: Mauritius, Madagascar, South Africa
598:appointed in a paid position as president.
101:Thomas Hooker Leavitt (1857-1878; divorced)
1504:. Asbury Theological Seminary, Wilmore, KY
1323:
1235:
1233:
1190:
1155:
191:Marriage and professional life as educator
31:
1480:
1310:Frances Willard House Museum and Archives
1095:
1093:
785:
473:She founded five branches of the WCTU in
1691:
1285:World Woman's Christian Temperance Union
789:
773:, for instance, she met with Thailand's
426:
1676:
1608:
1593:
1578:
1495:
1342:
1239:
1230:
1101:"Autobiography of Mary Clement Leavitt"
974:
972:
970:
968:
926:
606:Leavitt then left India and arrived in
574:1888, and spent nearly three months in
462:By mid-August 1885, she had arrived in
459:Rangiora, Napier, Waipukeran, Waipawa.
268:
2045:
1156:D'Itri, Patricia Ward (May 22, 1999).
1140:
1125:
1090:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1024:"Was Honorary Life W.C.T.U. President"
966:
964:
962:
960:
958:
956:
954:
952:
950:
948:
636:British Women's Temperance Association
561:By July 23, 1887, Leavitt had reached
1960:
1563:
133:
2118:Progressive Era in the United States
2108:People from Hopkinton, New Hampshire
1995:
1807:Neal, Anthony W. (August 15, 2014).
1806:
1548:
1385:"Woman's Christian Temperance Union"
978:
703:traveled to South America: first to
534:after leaving China. She arrived in
354:
1059:
945:
320:
13:
625:
618:. She arrived in the port city of
587:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
554:. By April 8, she had moved on to
218:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
140:Woman's Christian Temperance Union
93:, Temperance Evangelist Missionary
14:
2134:
2088:American women's rights activists
2031:
1496:Leavitt, Mary (August 13, 1885).
896:New England Conservatory of Music
175:, where she graduated in 1851 as
2113:Thetford Academy, Vermont alumni
2093:Proponents of Christian feminism
880:in Boston on February 5, 1912.
820:Anti-lynching movement and NAACP
179:. She then taught for a year in
119:
1954:
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1298:
1273:
1260:
1205:
1164:
1149:
1134:
2017:2027/coo1.ark:/13960/t0rr2f32n
1872:. February 5, 1912. p. 16
1389:The Daily Bulletin (Honolulu )
1119:
1078:. February 5, 1912. p. 16
1044:
1016:
1001:
987:
920:
851:
493:East Asia: Japan, Korea, China
60:Hopkinton, New Hampshire, U.S.
25:Mary Greenleaf Clement Leavitt
1:
2098:American temperance activists
1568:(PhD). University of Hawai'i.
1553:(PhD). University of Hawai'i.
1414:. January 2, 1885. p. 3.
1032:. February 7, 1912. p. 9
913:
738:
646:in February 1890 and then to
149:
1143:Frances Willard: A Biography
431:Mary Clement Leavitt in 1885
7:
1880:– via Newspapers.com.
1864:"Mrs. Mary Clement Leavitt"
1549:Dorn, Elizabeth A. (2003).
1306:"Polyglot Petition Exhibit"
1040:– via Newspapers.com.
901:
876:She died at her home at 18
678:and spoke fifteen times in
76:Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
37:Mary Clement Leavitt (1887)
10:
2139:
1892:"Who's who in New England"
1692:Staunton, Dorothy (1956).
828:demonstration in Boston's
173:West Newton, Massachusetts
1920:– via Google Books.
1869:Boston Evening Transcript
1625:: 129–142. Archived from
1256:– via Google Books.
1240:Blocker, Jack S. (2003).
1076:Boston Evening Transcript
810:San Francisco, California
423:New Zealand and Australia
405:
118:
113:
105:
97:
81:
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42:
30:
23:
1524:"WCTU history, wctu.com"
866:
582:the Polyglot Petition.
156:Hopkinton, New Hampshire
1996:Ward, Sarah F. (2011).
1982:2027/hvd.32044087528675
1481:Dougherty, Ian (2013).
979:Ward, Sarah F. (2011).
546:. She then moved on to
91:women's rights activist
2068:American women writers
1564:Ogawa, Manako (2004).
794:
786:World WCTU conventions
456:Anne Ward (suffragist)
432:
130:Mary Greenleaf Leavitt
47:Mary Greenleaf Clement
1677:Tyrrell, Ian (2013).
1594:Tyrrell, Ian (2013).
1141:Bordin, Ruth (1986).
1126:Bordin, Ruth (1981).
927:Tyrrell, Ian (1991).
842:Florida Ruffin Ridley
799:Boston, Massachusetts
793:
632:Margaret Bright Lucas
530:Leavitt went towards
430:
198:Boston, Massachusetts
185:Boston, Massachusetts
2083:American suffragists
1847:, November 14, 1891"
838:Alice Freeman Palmer
565:in what she called "
512:James Curtis Hepburn
269:Working for the WCTU
181:Dover, Massachusetts
2063:Writers from Boston
1632:on October 22, 2020
1359:"Local and General"
723:(Winter 1896) then
697:White Cross Society
682:, then traveled to
505:Leavitt arrived at
2123:American lecturers
2078:American feminists
2073:American educators
1932:"Concerning Women"
1845:The New York Times
1793:The New York Times
1460:New Zealand Herald
1430:New Zealand Herald
1281:"WWCTU Beginnings"
795:
775:King Chulalongkorn
447:New Zealand Herald
433:
400:Evanston, Illinois
347:. 45,000 women in
234:Fredonia, New York
158:, the daughter of
57:September 22, 1830
1530:on March 17, 2012
1412:Evening Bulletin
878:Huntington Avenue
846:Mary Evans Wilson
364:Polyglot Petition
355:Polyglot Petition
302:George Washington
169:Thetford, Vermont
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412:Hawaiian Islands
362:sent to her the
329:The Union Signal
321:World missionary
255:women's suffrage
165:Thetford Academy
144:women's suffrage
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69:February 5, 1912
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754:Pandita Ramabai
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727:(Winter 1897).
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626:Other countries
616:colony of Natal
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591:Pandita Ramabai
569:." Her tour of
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479:New South Wales
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360:Frances Willard
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238:Hillsboro, Ohio
232:. The women of
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680:Cairo, Egypt
644:Sierra Leone
629:
605:
584:
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560:
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516:
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246:Presbyterian
220:was born in
207:
194:
153:
129:
128:
71:(1912-02-05)
18:
2058:1912 deaths
2053:1830 births
2022:October 21,
1987:October 21,
1942:October 21,
1662:October 20,
1636:October 20,
1534:December 4,
1508:October 19,
1466:October 19,
1436:October 19,
1395:October 19,
1369:October 19,
1315:October 19,
1290:October 19,
1182:October 21,
1111:October 21,
1082:October 21,
885:New England
852:Recognition
544:Phetchaburi
337:New Zealand
276:New England
2047:Categories
1426:"Arrivals"
914:References
806:World Fair
739:Afterwards
612:Madagascar
585:The World
532:South Asia
475:Queensland
386:unwilling.
291:Washington
283:California
253:advocated
150:Early life
87:suffragist
85:Educator,
53:1830-09-22
705:Argentina
608:Mauritius
576:Sri Lanka
567:Hindostan
548:Singapore
481:, one in
477:, one in
443:Zealandia
341:Australia
212:minister
114:Signature
1709:, p. 309
1454:no title
902:See also
640:Greenock
563:Calcutta
540:Thailand
507:Yokohama
487:Tasmania
468:Tasmania
349:Victoria
310:Far East
106:Children
1745:, p. 60
1733:, p. 54
1721:, p. 53
1502:Letters
1202:, p. 50
889:Vermont
814:Minutes
771:Bangkok
725:Jamaica
721:Bahamas
709:Uruguay
707:, then
672:Finland
668:Denmark
664:Germany
660:Belgium
648:Madeira
634:of the
556:Myanmar
536:Bangkok
230:saloons
160:Baptist
1914:
1876:May 4,
1250:
1036:May 4,
935:
844:, and
717:Mexico
713:Brazil
688:Israel
684:Turkey
670:, and
656:France
620:Durban
464:Sydney
406:Hawaii
402:, US.
390:curse.
315:Hawaii
287:Oregon
98:Spouse
1850:(PDF)
1788:(PDF)
1630:(PDF)
1615:(PDF)
867:Death
762:Japan
750:India
692:Syria
652:Spain
571:India
552:Johor
2024:2020
1989:2020
1973:Life
1944:2020
1912:ISBN
1878:2022
1771:1893
1664:2020
1638:2020
1536:2008
1510:2020
1468:2020
1438:2020
1397:2020
1371:2020
1317:2020
1292:2020
1248:ISBN
1224:2018
1184:2020
1113:2020
1084:2020
1038:2022
933:ISBN
711:and
690:and
339:and
289:and
224:and
222:Ohio
66:Died
43:Born
2013:hdl
1978:hdl
304:."
167:in
135:née
2049::
1934:.
1866:.
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1654:.
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1325:^
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1283:.
1269:M1
1232:^
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1061:^
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947:^
848:.
840:,
836:,
686:,
666:,
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2026:.
2015::
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1980::
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109:3
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51:(
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