497:
220:
53:
128:
45:
405:, during the 18th century. The marl was normally extracted close to its point of use, so that almost every field had a marl pit, but some marl was transported greater distances by railroad. However, marl was gradually replaced by lime and imported mineral fertilizers early in the 19th century. A similar historical pattern was seen in Scotland.
421:
Marl continues to be used for agriculture into the 21st century, though less frequently. The rate of application must be adjusted for the reduced content of calcium carbonate versus straight lime, expressed as the calcium carbonate equivalent. Because the carbonate in marl is predominantly calcium
303:, where its stems and fruiting bodies become calcified. After the alga dies, the calcified stems and fruiting bodies break down into fine carbonate particles that mingle with silt and clay to produce marl. Marl ponds of the northeastern United States are often
513:
A marl lake is a lake whose bottom sediments include large deposits of marl. They are most often found in areas of recent glaciation and are characterized by alkaline water, rich in dissolved calcium carbonate, from which carbonate minerals are deposited.
408:
Marl was one a few soil amendments available in limited quantities in the southern United States, where soils were generally poor in nutrients, prior to about 1840. By the late 19th century, marl was being mined on an industrial scale in
1918:
Rakhimova, Nailia R.; Rakhimov, Ravil Z.; Morozov, Vladimir P.; Gaifullin, Albert R.; Potapova, Ludmila I.; Gubaidullina, Alfiya M.; Osin, Yury N. (July 2018). "Marl-based geopolymers incorporated with limestone: A feasibility study".
1838:
Perri, Francesco; Dominici, Rocco; Critelli, Salvatore (March 2015). "Stratigraphy, composition and provenance of argillaceous marls from the
Calcare di Base Formation, Rossano Basin (northeastern Calabria)".
393:
in the 1st century. Its more widespread use from the 16th century on contributed to the early modern agricultural revolution. However, the lack of a high-energy economy hindered its large-scale use until the
1282:
Duston, Nina M.; Owen, Robert M.; Wilkinson, Bruce H. (December 1986). "Water chemistry and sedimentological observations in littlefield lake, michigan: Implications for lacustrine marl deposition".
1555:
445:
Marl has been used in the manufacture of
Portland cement. It is abundant and yields better physical and mechanical properties than metakaolin as a supplementary cementitious material and can be
465:, and lack of fissures found in overlying formations. The underlying Glauconitic Marl is easily recognizable in core samples and helped establish the right level for excavating the tunnel.
1752:
1897:
Rakhimov, Ravil Z.; Rakhimova, Nailia R.; Gaifullin, Albert R.; Morozov, Vladimir P. (May 2017). "Properties of
Portland cement pastes enriched with addition of calcined marl".
389:
and decreasing soil acidity and thereby making other nutrients more available. It was used sporadically in
Britain beginning in prehistoric times and its use was mentioned by
2072:
Wiik, Emma; Bennion, Helen; Sayer, Carl D.; Davidson, Thomas A.; Clarke, Stewart J.; McGowan, Suzanne; Prentice, Stephen; Simpson, Gavin L.; Stone, Laura (12 August 2015a).
1697:"Green Glauconitic Marl Bed As A Sequence Stratigraphical Key For Interpretation Of Contact Between Qamchuqa And Bekhme Formations In Bekhal Area, Kurdistan Region, NE Iraq"
131:
Scheme of the transitional lithotypes from mud (or mudstone) to lime (or limestone), illustrating the definition of marl (marlstone) as a mix of calcium carbonate and clay
151:. The term was originally loosely applied to a variety of materials, most of which occur as loose, earthy deposits consisting chiefly of an intimate mixture of clay and
413:
and was increasingly being used on a more scientific basis, with marl being classified by grade and the state geological survey publishing detailed chemical analyses.
2022:
Soltani, Abolfazl; Tarighat, Amir; Varmazyari, Masoud (November 2018). "Calcined Marl and
Condensed Silica Fume as Partial Replacement for Ordinary Portland Cement".
1695:
Nourmohamadi, Mohammad Sadi; Abdula, Rzger A.; Albeyati, Fawzi; Sharezwri, Arkan O.; Perot, Edres M.; Jassim, Shamsadin E.; Othman, Nechirvan H. (30 November 2020).
1361:"Concepts and practices of nutrient management in agro-ecosystems: Can we draw lessons from history to design future sustainable agricultural production systems"
170:
Marlstone is an indurated (resists crumbling or powdering) rock of about the same composition as marl. This is more correctly described as an earthy or impure
2074:"The coming and going of a marl lake: multi-indicator palaeolimnology reveals abrupt ecological change and alternative views of reference conditions"
1155:
Bahadori, Hadi; Hasheminezhad, Araz; Taghizadeh, Farshad (February 2019). "Experimental Study on Marl Soil
Stabilization Using Natural Pozzolans".
1339:
2126:
Winiwarter, Verena; Blum, Winfried E. H. (June 2008). "From marl to rock powder: On the history of soil fertility management by rock materials".
2928:
1801:
1604:
1251:
Dodgshon, Robert A. (1978). "Land
Improvement in Scottish Farming: Marl and Lime in Roxburghshire and Berwickshire in the Eighteenth Century".
2099:
Wiik, Emma; Bennion, Helen; Sayer, Carl D.; Davidson, Thomas A.; McGowan, Suzanne; Patmore, Ian R.; Clarke, Stewart J. (November 2015b).
155:, formed under freshwater conditions. These typically contain 35–65% clay and 65–35% carbonate. The term is today often used to describe
1485:
Lauridsen, B.W.; Surlyk, F. (November 2008). "Benthic faunal response to late
Maastrichtian chalk–marl cyclicity at Rørdal, Denmark".
1637:
Murphy, David H.; Wilkinson, Bruce H. (April 1980). "Carbonate deposition and facies distribution in a central
Michigan marl lake".
537:. In Britain, only the marl lakes of the more remote parts of northern Scotland are likely to remain pristine into the near future.
1222:
Bristow, Roger; Mortimore, Rory; Wood, Christopher (January 1997). "Lithostratigraphy for mapping the Chalk of southern
England".
468:
Marl soil has poor engineering properties, particularly when alternately wetted and dried. The soils can be stabilized by adding
2173:
211:, a clay mineral that gives the marl a green color. Glauconite is characteristic of sediments deposited in marine conditions.
1754:
Water-rock interaction : proceedings of the 8th International Symposium, WRI-8, Vladivostok, Russia, 15-19 August 1995
2200:
246:
marls followed by rhythmically banded limestone and marl layers. Such alternating cycles of chalk and marl are common in
1441:"Astrochronology for the Messinian Sorbas basin (SE Spain) and orbital (precessional) forcing for evaporite cyclicity"
1770:
1731:
1685:
1573:
1523:
1328:
1978:
1751:
Pearson, F.J.; Scholtis, A. (2021). "Controls on the chemistry of pore water in a marl of very low permeability".
1429:
1212:
1193:
1448:
362:
1360:
1554:
Miščević, P. (2020). "Effect of drying and wetting on mechanical characteristics of Eocene flysch marl".
338:
era. It lies between layers of rock and soil and may be defined it as both "weak rock and strong soil."
104:
follows these marl layers between France and the United Kingdom. Marl is also a common sediment in post-
3202:
223:
Geological profile along the tunnel as constructed. For most of its length the tunnel bores through a
1440:
1265:
426:
deficiency may be seen in crops treated with marl if they are not also supplemented with magnesium.
2052:
1089:
484:
Some marl beds have a very low permeability and are under consideration for use in the storage of
2253:
2233:
2193:
496:
461:
containing marl beds. This formation was chosen because of its very low permeability, absence of
385:
used in agriculture. In addition to increasing available calcium, marl is valuable for improving
2678:
1260:
1141:
Thirteenth Annual Report of the Agricultural Experiment Station of the University of Wisconsin
1136:
1125:
1110:
2643:
2174:
Palaeoenvironmental Interpretation of the Early Postglacial Sedimentary Record of a Marl Lake
395:
342:
239:
171:
97:
31:
17:
2101:"Ecological sensitivity of marl lakes to nutrient enrichment: evidence from Hawes Water, UK"
1928:
1848:
1646:
1494:
1457:
1400:
1291:
1231:
1168:
458:
8:
1340:"Lough Carra marl lake - protecting one of Ireland's most unique and threatened habitats"
182:
1932:
1852:
1650:
1498:
1461:
1404:
1295:
1235:
1083:
521:. However, they are regarded as ecologically important, and are vulnerable to damage by
517:
Marl lakes have frequently been dredged or mined for marl, often used for manufacturing
3197:
2474:
2186:
2039:
2011:
1944:
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70:
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1324:
1311:
1208:
1189:
1176:
546:
152:
136:
89:. It is formed in marine or freshwater environments, often through the activities of
1830:
1533:
Mathew, W. M. (1993). "Marling in British Agriculture: A Case of Partial Identity".
1104:
3126:
2838:
2625:
2494:
2135:
2112:
2085:
2031:
1979:"'An excellent improver of the soil': Marl and the landscape of lowland Lancashire"
1957:
1936:
1906:
1856:
1818:
1758:
1708:
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1910:
386:
366:
251:
101:
2035:
1860:
1614:"Marl in the Coastal Plain of North Carolina: From Agriculture to Aquaculture"
1207:(4th ed.). Upper Saddle River, N.J.: Pearson Prentice Hall. p. 172.
884:
3191:
3176:
3091:
3056:
2903:
2464:
2369:
2002:
Sheridan, Richard C. (1979). "Chemical Fertilizers in Southern Agriculture".
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144:
82:
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788:
488:. One such proposed storage site is the Wellenberg in central Switzerland.
473:
335:
308:
291:
286:
275:
232:
127:
105:
27:
Lime-rich mud or mudstone which contains variable amounts of clays and silt
2168:
1889:
295:, a macroalga also known as stonewort, thrives in shallow lakes with high
2990:
2881:
2861:
2851:
2778:
2728:
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2499:
2434:
2404:
2359:
2317:
2290:
2285:
2275:
2238:
1809:
Pentecost, Allan (December 2009). "The Marl Lakes of the British Isles".
1667:
552:
369:
between England and France and are being investigated for the storage of
304:
2015:
1546:
1516:
Sedimentology and sedimentary basins : from turbulence to tectonics
1424:(Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute.
1274:
848:
785:
549: – Soil additive containing calcium carbonate and other ingredients
3156:
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2414:
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2354:
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1713:
1696:
1359:
Frossard, E.; BĂĽnemann, E.; Jansa, J.; Oberson, A.; Feller, C. (2009).
1303:
410:
402:
300:
255:
254:
follows these marl layers between France and the United Kingdom. Upper
247:
243:
224:
208:
178:
156:
2156:
Classification of lacustrine sediments based on sedimentary components
2117:
2100:
1822:
457:
The Channel Tunnel was constructed in the West Melbury Marly Chalk, a
3171:
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3136:
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3086:
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3031:
3026:
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1477:
959:
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508:
500:
Deposition from a Marl lake inside a sheltered paint can, taken from
423:
327:
321:
316:
312:
271:
267:
194:
174:
1389:"Characterization and mechanical properties of the Eocene Buda Marl"
3146:
3121:
3046:
3016:
3011:
2933:
2918:
2886:
2866:
2763:
2738:
2615:
2590:
2583:
2561:
2556:
2509:
2444:
2329:
2280:
2270:
2228:
1694:
1143:. Vol. 13. Madison, WI: Democrat Printing Company. p. 295
1085:
Report of the New Jersey Commissioners on the Centennial Exhibition
639:
530:
469:
446:
319:
is unable to survive, and skeletons of freshwater molluscs such as
164:
140:
3166:
3096:
3061:
3036:
2968:
2803:
2743:
2683:
2648:
2541:
2469:
2384:
2344:
2312:
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2223:
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1917:
1896:
1081:
977:
953:
914:
522:
259:
190:
621:
44:
3076:
3051:
2948:
2908:
2871:
2773:
2638:
2536:
2526:
2479:
2439:
2409:
2339:
2324:
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2248:
2243:
1154:
1123:
1102:
1058:
1031:
1013:
926:
890:
657:
434:
357:
and neutralizing agent for acid soil and in the manufacture of
116:
115:
and neutralizing agent for acid soil and in the manufacture of
60:
1518:(2nd ed.). Chichester, West Sussex, UK: Wiley-Blackwell.
611:
609:
3041:
2963:
2958:
2823:
2788:
2708:
2663:
2658:
821:
819:
462:
307:
in areas of limestone bedrock that become poor in nutrients (
236:
186:
90:
38:
1358:
854:
416:
108:, such as the marl ponds of the northeastern United States.
2813:
2673:
2605:
1019:
705:
606:
582:
278:
related to multiple sea drawdown have been correlated with
263:
160:
148:
78:
983:
816:
669:
2098:
2071:
2021:
965:
937:
935:
740:
1048:
1046:
594:
2154:
Schurrenberger, D., Russell, J. and Kerry Kelts. 2003.
838:
836:
834:
296:
1186:
Petrology : igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic
932:
775:
773:
401:
Marl was used extensively in Britain, particularly in
334:
In Hungary, Buda Marl is found that was formed in the
1837:
1618:
Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs
1043:
746:
724:
722:
720:
693:
627:
1221:
995:
872:
831:
681:
663:
1337:
1281:
1064:
1037:
896:
860:
770:
645:
570:
365:, they have been exploited for construction of the
189:. The dominant carbonate mineral in most marls is
167:which more accurately should be named 'marlstone'.
1877:
804:
717:
1884:(2nd ed.). New York: Harper & Brothers.
1487:Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology
758:
3189:
376:
1750:
1636:
1484:
1025:
711:
675:
433:to provide a suitable artificial substrate for
2125:
1955:
1701:Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia
989:
825:
285:Marl as lacustrine sediment is common in post-
2194:
1014:Bahadori, Hasheminezhad & Taghizadeh 2019
1205:Principles of sedimentology and stratigraphy
2128:Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
1088:. Naar, Day, & Naar, printers. p.
2201:
2187:
2024:International Journal of Civil Engineering
1800:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1611:
1603:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
1224:Proceedings of the Geologists' Association
1183:
1082:New Jersey State Centennial Board (1877).
941:
600:
2116:
2089:
1875:
1808:
1738:. Center for Northern Woodlands Education
1712:
1666:
1438:
1321:Engineering Geology of the Channel Tunnel
1264:
1157:Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering
1052:
699:
615:
588:
417:Modern agricultural and aquacultural uses
2158:. Journal of Paleolimnology 29: 141–154.
2001:
1553:
1319:Harris, C.S.; et al., eds. (1996).
1284:Environmental Geology and Water Sciences
1250:
1188:(2nd ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman.
1184:Blatt, Harvey; Tracy, Robert J. (1996).
1124:Geological Survey of New Jersey (1887).
1103:Geological Survey of New Jersey (1880).
1001:
915:New Jersey State Centennial Board (1877)
878:
842:
495:
479:
218:
126:
51:
43:
2050:
1976:
1419:
1338:EPA Catchments Unit (28 January 2020).
966:Soltani, Tarighat & Varmazyari 2018
866:
798:
779:
331:accumulate as part of the bottom marl.
193:, but other carbonate minerals such as
14:
3190:
1729:
1532:
1513:
1323:. London: Thomas Telford. p. 57.
1318:
927:Geological Survey of New Jersey (1887)
891:Geological Survey of New Jersey (1880)
810:
752:
728:
687:
341:Marl is the dominant rock type in the
2182:
1680:. New York: Oxford University Press.
1675:
1612:Morse, David; Smith, Michael (2011).
1386:
1202:
764:
651:
628:Perri, Dominici & Critelli (2015)
576:
449:at a considerably lower temperature.
361:. Because some marls have a very low
2051:Warncke, Darryl (10 November 2015).
1956:Rankin, Bill; Williams, Ron (2012).
1134:
1127:Annual Report of the State Geologist
1106:Annual Report of the State Geologist
902:
452:
311:) due to precipitation of essential
96:Marl makes up the lower part of the
348:
143:which contains variable amounts of
24:
2208:
2148:
2078:Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution
1964:. The Geological Society of London
1659:10.1111/j.1365-3091.1980.tb01164.x
1169:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0002577
664:Bristow, Mortimore & Wood 1997
440:
25:
3214:
2162:
1921:Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
1732:"There's Marl in Them Thar Ponds"
1346:. Environmental Protection Agency
1038:Duston, Owen & Wilkinson 1986
250:beds of northwestern Europe. The
59:coastal marl formation, southern
1941:10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2018.04.015
1560:. Boca Raton. pp. 737–741.
1899:Journal of Building Engineering
1535:The Agricultural History Review
1420:Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997).
1387:Görög, Péter (September 2007).
1253:The Agricultural History Review
1074:
214:
207:is marl containing pellets of
122:
69:is an earthy material rich in
13:
1:
2169:Chalk of Kent by C. S. Harris
1730:Parker, Alan (24 July 2005).
1470:10.1016/S0037-0738(00)00171-8
1244:10.1016/S0016-7878(97)80014-4
712:Murphy & Wilkinson (1980)
558:
491:
377:Historical use in agriculture
1507:10.1016/j.palaeo.2008.07.001
563:
437:in a reef-like environment.
7:
2059:. Michigan State University
1983:Agricultural History Review
1413:10.1556/CEuGeol.50.2007.3.4
1026:Pearson & Scholtis 2021
676:Lauridsen & Surlyk 2008
540:
10:
3219:
1911:10.1016/j.jobe.2017.03.007
1678:Introduction to mineralogy
1676:Nesse, William D. (2000).
990:Rankin & Williams 2012
826:Winiwarter & Blum 2008
506:
381:Marl is one of the oldest
36:
29:
2999:
2837:
2624:
2214:
2057:MSU Extension Agriculture
2053:"Lime for Michigan Soils"
2036:10.1007/s40999-018-0289-9
1876:Pettijohn, F. J. (1957).
1861:10.1017/S0016756814000089
242:consist of a sequence of
1757:(1st ed.). London.
1566:10.1201/9781003078173-99
1393:Central European Geology
1137:"The Marls of Wisconsin"
1065:EPA Catchments Unit 2020
640:Nourmohamadi et al. 2020
353:Marl has been used as a
135:Marl or marlstone is a
111:Marl has been used as a
37:Not to be confused with
2254:Basaltic trachyandesite
2234:Alkali feldspar granite
2091:10.3389/fevo.2015.00082
1763:10.1201/9780203734049-8
2140:10.1002/jpln.200625070
1977:Shannon, W.D. (2020).
1962:The Geological Society
1514:Leeder, M. R. (2011).
1439:Krijgsman, W. (2001).
942:Morse & Smith 2011
601:Blatt & Tracy 1996
504:
429:Marl has been used in
228:
181:fracture, and is less
132:
63:
49:
2644:Banded iron formation
978:Rakhimova et al. 2018
499:
480:Nuclear waste storage
396:Industrial Revolution
343:Vaca Muerta Formation
222:
130:
55:
47:
32:Marl (disambiguation)
2004:Agricultural History
1557:Geotechnical hazards
1135:Woll, F. W. (1896).
954:Rakhimov et al. 2017
855:Frossard et al. 2009
459:geological formation
258:cyclic sequences in
159:marine deposits and
30:For other uses, see
1933:2018JNCS..492....1R
1853:2015GeoM..152..193P
1841:Geological Magazine
1651:1980Sedim..27..123M
1499:2008PPP...269...38L
1462:2001SedG..140...43K
1449:Sedimentary Geology
1422:Glossary of geology
1405:2007CEJGl..50..241G
1296:1986EnGeo...8..229D
1236:1997PrGA..108..293B
1203:Boggs, Sam (2006).
741:Wiik et al. (2015b)
618:, pp. 410–411.
591:, pp. 368–369.
3000:Specific varieties
2105:Freshwater Biology
1811:Freshwater Reviews
1736:Northern Woodlands
1714:10.7186/bg70202003
1304:10.1007/BF02524950
527:nutrient pollution
505:
229:
177:. It has a blocky
133:
83:hardened into rock
71:carbonate minerals
64:
50:
3203:Sedimentary rocks
3185:
3184:
2430:Nepheline syenite
2118:10.1111/fwb.12650
2111:(11): 2226–2247.
2030:(11): 1549–1559.
1880:Sedimentary Rocks
1823:10.1608/FRJ-2.2.4
642:, pp. 29–38.
547:Agricultural lime
453:Civil engineering
282:orbital forcing.
153:calcium carbonate
16:(Redirected from
3210:
3127:Rapakivi granite
2839:Metamorphic rock
2626:Sedimentary rock
2495:Quartz monzonite
2203:
2196:
2189:
2180:
2179:
2143:
2122:
2120:
2095:
2093:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2047:
2018:
1998:
1996:
1994:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1958:"Channel Tunnel"
1952:
1914:
1893:
1883:
1872:
1834:
1805:
1799:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1747:
1745:
1743:
1726:
1716:
1691:
1672:
1670:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1608:
1602:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1550:
1529:
1510:
1481:
1445:
1435:
1416:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1365:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1334:
1315:
1278:
1268:
1247:
1218:
1199:
1180:
1151:
1149:
1148:
1131:
1130:. pp. 193–.
1120:
1118:
1117:
1099:
1097:
1096:
1068:
1062:
1056:
1050:
1041:
1035:
1029:
1023:
1017:
1011:
1005:
999:
993:
987:
981:
975:
969:
963:
957:
951:
945:
939:
930:
924:
918:
912:
906:
900:
894:
888:
882:
876:
870:
864:
858:
852:
846:
840:
829:
823:
814:
808:
802:
796:
783:
777:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
715:
709:
703:
700:Krijgsman (2001)
697:
691:
685:
679:
673:
667:
661:
655:
649:
643:
637:
631:
625:
619:
616:Pettijohn (1957)
613:
604:
598:
592:
589:Pettijohn (1957)
586:
580:
574:
535:invasive species
502:Siseebakwet Lake
355:soil conditioner
349:Economic geology
289:-bed sediments.
205:Glauconitic marl
201:may be present.
113:soil conditioner
57:Scala dei Turchi
21:
3218:
3217:
3213:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3188:
3187:
3186:
3181:
2995:
2939:Pseudotachylite
2833:
2620:
2552:Tephriphonolite
2210:
2207:
2165:
2151:
2149:Further reading
2146:
2062:
2060:
1992:
1990:
1967:
1965:
1793:
1792:
1785:
1783:
1773:
1741:
1739:
1688:
1627:
1625:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1586:
1576:
1526:
1443:
1432:
1377:
1375:
1368:Die Bodenkultur
1363:
1349:
1347:
1331:
1266:10.1.1.682.5686
1215:
1196:
1163:(2): 04018363.
1146:
1144:
1115:
1113:
1094:
1092:
1077:
1072:
1071:
1063:
1059:
1051:
1044:
1036:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1012:
1008:
1000:
996:
988:
984:
976:
972:
964:
960:
952:
948:
940:
933:
925:
921:
913:
909:
901:
897:
889:
885:
877:
873:
865:
861:
853:
849:
841:
832:
824:
817:
809:
805:
797:
786:
778:
771:
763:
759:
751:
747:
739:
735:
727:
718:
710:
706:
698:
694:
686:
682:
674:
670:
662:
658:
650:
646:
638:
634:
626:
622:
614:
607:
599:
595:
587:
583:
575:
571:
566:
561:
543:
519:Portland cement
511:
494:
482:
476:) to the soil.
455:
443:
441:Portland cement
419:
391:Pliny the Elder
383:soil amendments
379:
359:Portland cement
351:
240:cliffs of Dover
227:stratum (layer)
217:
125:
98:cliffs of Dover
85:, this becomes
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3216:
3206:
3205:
3200:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3179:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3154:
3149:
3144:
3139:
3134:
3132:Rhomb porphyry
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3069:
3064:
3059:
3054:
3049:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3003:
3001:
2997:
2996:
2994:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2974:Talc carbonate
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2946:
2941:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2921:
2916:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2895:
2894:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2843:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2622:
2621:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2593:
2588:
2587:
2586:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2567:Trachyandesite
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2523:
2522:
2517:
2507:
2502:
2497:
2492:
2490:Quartz diorite
2487:
2482:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2462:
2457:
2452:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2402:
2397:
2392:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2321:
2320:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2299:
2298:
2288:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2268:
2267:
2266:
2261:
2251:
2246:
2241:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2220:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:Types of rocks
2206:
2205:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2177:
2176:
2171:
2164:
2163:External links
2161:
2160:
2159:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2144:
2134:(3): 316–324.
2123:
2096:
2069:
2048:
2019:
1999:
1974:
1953:
1915:
1894:
1873:
1847:(2): 193–209.
1835:
1817:(2): 167–197.
1806:
1771:
1748:
1727:
1692:
1686:
1673:
1645:(2): 123–135.
1634:
1609:
1574:
1551:
1530:
1524:
1511:
1493:(1–2): 38–53.
1482:
1456:(1–2): 43–60.
1436:
1430:
1417:
1399:(3): 241–258.
1384:
1356:
1335:
1329:
1316:
1290:(4): 229–236.
1279:
1248:
1230:(4): 293–315.
1219:
1213:
1200:
1194:
1181:
1152:
1132:
1121:
1100:
1078:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1057:
1053:Pentecost 2009
1042:
1030:
1018:
1006:
994:
982:
970:
958:
946:
931:
919:
917:, p. 203.
907:
905:, p. 295.
895:
893:, p. 184.
883:
871:
859:
847:
830:
815:
803:
801:, "marl lake".
784:
769:
757:
755:, p. 663.
745:
733:
716:
704:
692:
680:
668:
656:
654:, p. 249.
644:
632:
620:
605:
603:, p. 217.
593:
581:
579:, p. 172.
568:
567:
565:
562:
560:
557:
556:
555:
550:
542:
539:
507:Main article:
493:
490:
481:
478:
454:
451:
442:
439:
418:
415:
387:soil structure
378:
375:
367:Channel Tunnel
350:
347:
345:in Argentina.
274:strata in the
252:Channel Tunnel
216:
213:
124:
121:
102:Channel Tunnel
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3215:
3204:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3195:
3193:
3178:
3175:
3173:
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3155:
3153:
3150:
3148:
3145:
3143:
3140:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3092:Litchfieldite
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3080:
3078:
3075:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3057:Hyaloclastite
3055:
3053:
3050:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2976:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2955:
2952:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2942:
2940:
2937:
2935:
2932:
2930:
2927:
2925:
2922:
2920:
2917:
2915:
2912:
2910:
2907:
2905:
2904:Litchfieldite
2902:
2900:
2897:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
2850:
2848:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2631:
2629:
2627:
2623:
2617:
2614:
2612:
2609:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
2597:
2594:
2592:
2589:
2585:
2582:
2581:
2580:
2577:
2573:
2570:
2569:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2511:
2508:
2506:
2503:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2491:
2488:
2486:
2483:
2481:
2478:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2465:Phonotephrite
2463:
2461:
2458:
2456:
2453:
2451:
2448:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2396:
2393:
2391:
2388:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2370:Hyaloclastite
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2358:
2356:
2353:
2351:
2348:
2346:
2343:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2319:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2292:
2289:
2287:
2284:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2262:
2260:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2252:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2242:
2240:
2237:
2235:
2232:
2230:
2227:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2219:
2217:
2213:
2204:
2199:
2197:
2192:
2190:
2185:
2184:
2181:
2175:
2172:
2170:
2167:
2166:
2157:
2153:
2152:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2102:
2097:
2092:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2070:
2058:
2054:
2049:
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:(1): 308–18.
2009:
2005:
2000:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1975:
1963:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1854:
1850:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1832:
1828:
1824:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1803:
1797:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1772:9780203734049
1768:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1755:
1749:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1724:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1693:
1689:
1687:9780195106916
1683:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1668:2027.42/72142
1664:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1648:
1644:
1640:
1639:Sedimentology
1635:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1610:
1606:
1600:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1575:9781003078173
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1558:
1552:
1548:
1544:
1541:(2): 97–110.
1540:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1525:9781405177832
1521:
1517:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1471:
1467:
1463:
1459:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1414:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1394:
1390:
1385:
1373:
1369:
1362:
1357:
1345:
1344:Catchments.ie
1341:
1336:
1332:
1330:0-7277-2045-7
1326:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1267:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1249:
1245:
1241:
1237:
1233:
1229:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1153:
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1112:
1108:
1107:
1101:
1091:
1087:
1086:
1080:
1079:
1066:
1061:
1054:
1049:
1047:
1039:
1034:
1027:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1003:
1002:Miščević 2020
998:
991:
986:
979:
974:
967:
962:
955:
950:
943:
938:
936:
928:
923:
916:
911:
904:
899:
892:
887:
880:
879:Sheridan 1979
875:
868:
863:
856:
851:
844:
843:Dodgshon 1978
839:
837:
835:
827:
822:
820:
812:
807:
800:
795:
793:
791:
789:
781:
776:
774:
766:
761:
754:
749:
742:
737:
730:
725:
723:
721:
713:
708:
701:
696:
690:, p. 57.
689:
684:
677:
672:
665:
660:
653:
648:
641:
636:
629:
624:
617:
612:
610:
602:
597:
590:
585:
578:
573:
569:
554:
551:
548:
545:
544:
538:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
515:
510:
503:
498:
489:
487:
486:nuclear waste
477:
475:
471:
466:
464:
460:
450:
448:
438:
436:
432:
431:Pamlico Sound
427:
425:
414:
412:
406:
404:
399:
397:
392:
388:
384:
374:
372:
371:nuclear waste
368:
364:
360:
356:
346:
344:
339:
337:
332:
330:
329:
324:
323:
318:
314:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
293:
288:
283:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
238:
235:units of the
234:
233:stratigraphic
226:
221:
212:
210:
206:
202:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
179:subconchoidal
176:
173:
168:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
139:-rich mud or
138:
129:
120:
118:
114:
109:
107:
106:glacial lakes
103:
99:
94:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
62:
58:
54:
46:
40:
33:
19:
3102:Luxullianite
3082:Lapis lazuli
3027:Blue Granite
2954:Serpentinite
2929:Metapsammite
2758:
2679:Conglomerate
2601:Trondhjemite
2579:Trachybasalt
2520:Pantellerite
2420:Monzogranite
2365:Hornblendite
2350:Granodiorite
2216:Igneous rock
2155:
2131:
2127:
2108:
2104:
2081:
2077:
2063:26 September
2061:. Retrieved
2056:
2027:
2023:
2007:
2003:
1991:. Retrieved
1989:(2): 141–167
1986:
1982:
1966:. Retrieved
1961:
1924:
1920:
1902:
1898:
1879:
1844:
1840:
1814:
1810:
1784:. Retrieved
1753:
1742:25 September
1740:. Retrieved
1735:
1707:(1): 29–38.
1704:
1700:
1677:
1642:
1638:
1626:. Retrieved
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1556:
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1145:. Retrieved
1140:
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1105:
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1084:
1075:Bibliography
1060:
1033:
1021:
1009:
997:
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973:
961:
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867:Shannon 2020
862:
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806:
799:Jackson 1997
780:Warncke 2015
760:
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584:
572:
516:
512:
483:
474:volcanic ash
467:
456:
444:
428:
420:
407:
400:
380:
363:permeability
352:
340:
336:Upper Eocene
333:
326:
320:
309:oligotrophic
305:kettle ponds
290:
287:glacial lake
284:
280:Milankovitch
276:Sorbas Basin
230:
204:
203:
172:argillaceous
169:
134:
110:
95:
86:
66:
65:
2991:Whiteschist
2882:Greenschist
2862:Cataclasite
2852:Amphibolite
2779:Phosphorite
2729:Itacolumite
2654:Calcarenite
2500:Quartzolite
2435:Nephelinite
2405:Lamprophyre
2360:Harzburgite
2318:Napoleonite
2291:Charnockite
2286:Carbonatite
2276:Blairmorite
2239:Anorthosite
1628:22 December
1350:16 February
1259:(1): 1–14.
903:Woll (1896)
811:Mathew 1993
753:Leeder 2011
729:Parker 2005
688:Harris 1996
553:Keuper marl
422:carbonate,
244:glauconitic
215:Occurrences
123:Description
3192:Categories
3157:Teschenite
3142:Shonkinite
3117:Pietersite
3112:Novaculite
3022:Borolanite
3007:Adamellite
2924:Metapelite
2892:Calcflinta
2857:Blueschist
2847:Anthracite
2829:Wackestone
2809:Travertine
2754:Lumachelle
2734:Jaspillite
2689:Diamictite
2611:Websterite
2596:Troctolite
2572:Benmoreite
2532:Shonkinite
2505:Rhyodacite
2485:Pyroxenite
2455:Peridotite
2415:Lherzolite
2390:Kimberlite
2380:Ignimbrite
2375:Icelandite
2355:Granophyre
2264:Shoshonite
1968:1 February
1786:1 February
1589:1 February
1431:0922152349
1374:(1): 43–60
1214:0131547283
1195:0716724383
1147:2017-01-06
1116:2017-01-06
1109:. p.
1095:2017-01-06
765:Görög 2007
652:Nesse 2000
577:Boggs 2006
559:References
492:Marl lakes
411:New Jersey
403:Lancashire
301:alkalinity
256:Cretaceous
248:Cretaceous
231:The lower
225:chalk marl
209:glauconite
161:lacustrine
100:, and the
3198:Limestone
3172:Variolite
3162:Theralite
3152:Tachylite
3137:Rodingite
3107:Mangerite
3087:Larvikite
3072:Jasperoid
3067:Jadeitite
3032:Epidosite
2986:Tectonite
2979:Soapstone
2944:Quartzite
2914:Migmatite
2899:Itabirite
2877:Granulite
2819:Turbidite
2799:Sylvinite
2794:Siltstone
2784:Sandstone
2769:Oil shale
2749:Limestone
2724:Gritstone
2719:Greywacke
2714:Geyserite
2704:Evaporite
2694:Diatomite
2669:Claystone
2634:Argillite
2547:Tachylyte
2515:Comendite
2460:Phonolite
2450:Pegmatite
2425:Monzonite
2400:Lamproite
2395:Komatiite
2335:Foidolite
2296:Enderbite
2259:Mugearite
2044:117404684
1949:102945891
1905:: 30–36.
1869:129302757
1796:cite book
1781:237834210
1723:229385900
1599:cite book
1584:229434489
1478:1874/1632
1312:128421594
1261:CiteSeerX
1177:139402321
564:Citations
509:Marl lake
424:magnesium
328:Planorbis
322:Sphaerium
317:pond life
315:. Normal
313:phosphate
272:Messinian
268:Tortonian
262:and marl–
195:aragonite
175:limestone
165:sediments
157:indurated
137:carbonate
87:marlstone
3147:Taconite
3122:Pyrolite
3047:Ganister
3017:Aphanite
3012:Appinite
2934:Phyllite
2919:Mylonite
2887:Hornfels
2867:Eclogite
2764:Mudstone
2739:Laterite
2699:Dolomite
2616:Wehrlite
2591:Trachyte
2584:Hawaiite
2562:Tonalite
2557:Tephrite
2510:Rhyolite
2475:Porphyry
2445:Obsidian
2330:Essexite
2281:Boninite
2271:Basanite
2229:Andesite
2016:3742878.
1993:19 March
1927:: 1–10.
1831:86157620
1547:40274955
1378:19 March
1275:40273909
541:See also
531:drainage
470:pozzolan
447:calcined
199:dolomite
141:mudstone
3167:Unakite
3097:Llanite
3062:Ijolite
3037:Felsite
2969:Suevite
2804:Tillite
2744:Lignite
2684:Coquina
2649:Breccia
2542:Syenite
2470:Picrite
2385:Ijolite
2345:Granite
2313:Diorite
2308:Diabase
2224:Adakite
1929:Bibcode
1849:Bibcode
1647:Bibcode
1495:Bibcode
1458:Bibcode
1401:Bibcode
1292:Bibcode
1232:Bibcode
523:silting
435:oysters
260:Germany
191:calcite
183:fissile
163:(lake)
81:. When
3077:Kenyte
3052:Gossan
2949:Schist
2909:Marble
2872:Gneiss
2774:Oolite
2639:Arkose
2537:Sovite
2527:Scoria
2480:Pumice
2440:Norite
2410:Latite
2340:Gabbro
2325:Dunite
2303:Dacite
2249:Basalt
2244:Aplite
2042:
2014:
1947:
1890:551748
1888:
1867:
1829:
1779:
1769:
1721:
1684:
1624:(2): 8
1582:
1572:
1545:
1522:
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1273:
1263:
1211:
1192:
1175:
533:, and
266:-rich
117:cement
77:, and
61:Sicily
3042:Flint
2964:Slate
2959:Skarn
2824:Varve
2789:Shale
2709:Flint
2664:Chert
2659:Chalk
2040:S2CID
2012:JSTOR
1945:S2CID
1865:S2CID
1827:S2CID
1777:S2CID
1719:S2CID
1580:S2CID
1543:JSTOR
1444:(PDF)
1364:(PDF)
1308:S2CID
1271:JSTOR
1173:S2CID
463:chert
292:Chara
237:chalk
187:shale
185:than
145:clays
91:algae
75:clays
39:Maerl
18:Marls
2814:Tufa
2759:Marl
2674:Coal
2606:Tuff
2065:2020
1995:2022
1970:2022
1886:OCLC
1802:link
1788:2022
1767:ISBN
1744:2020
1682:ISBN
1630:2020
1605:link
1591:2022
1570:ISBN
1520:ISBN
1426:ISBN
1380:2022
1352:2021
1325:ISBN
1209:ISBN
1190:ISBN
325:and
299:and
264:opal
149:silt
147:and
79:silt
67:Marl
48:Marl
3177:Wad
2136:doi
2132:171
2113:doi
2086:doi
2032:doi
1937:doi
1925:492
1907:doi
1857:doi
1845:152
1819:doi
1759:doi
1709:doi
1663:hdl
1655:doi
1562:doi
1503:doi
1491:269
1474:hdl
1466:doi
1454:140
1409:doi
1300:doi
1240:doi
1228:108
1165:doi
1111:184
1090:203
197:or
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
