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a population of over 1000 is at risk from a jökulhlaup of over 180,000 km/s (2,600,000 cu mi/min) in size. The tsunami wave hitting the
Vestmannaeyjar Islands from such an event has been estimated to be 2–3 m (6 ft 7 in – 9 ft 10 in) in height and not to cause significant damage off the coast.
522:
There is evidence of at least 10 jokulhlaups down the
Markarfljot in the past 7000 years. Prehistoric jökulhlaup discharges have been much higher than recently and completely covered the Markarfljótsaurar outwash plain which means the total river basin of about 830 km (320 sq mi) with
423:
622:
509:
The highest discharges ever measured in the
Markarfljót were 2,100 m/s (74,000 cu ft/s) in 1967, during the Steinholt jökulhlaup and then 2,640 m/s (93,000 cu ft/s) during the
679:
Constraining the characteristics of a future volcanogenic Jökulhlaup from Katla, Iceland, through seismic analysis and probabilistic hydraulic modelling, Master's thesis
501:, flowing through Þórsmörk, which is notorious for sudden changes in its water level. This river is sourced from the Krossárjökull outlet glacier of Mýrdalsjökull.
449:
770:
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469:(including Steinsholtsjökull, Gígjökull and Eyjafjallajökull outlet glaciers). It flows through narrow gorges in the mountainous area between the glaciers
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and drains the Grænafjall, Framfjall (to the east) and
Emstrur, Almenningar (to the west) basins. The main sources for the river are the glaciers
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540:. It is 242 meters long and was at the time the longest bridge in Iceland. A second bridge was built in 1978 at
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465:(including Sléttjökull, Entujökull, Hrútárökull outlet glaciers and the Goðalandsjökull ice margin) and
809:
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485:. The Markarfljót takes its course first north, then west of Þórsmörk and finally empties into the
682:(Thesis). School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Portsmouth. pp. 1–121
440:
which would be potentially catastrophic, if a similar sized one was to happen in the future.
477:(and Kaldaklofsjökull), which are also sources, then spreads in the wide Markarfljótsaurar
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549:. A third bridge was opened in 1992 a few kilometers south of the first bridge.
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436:. It is approximately 100 km (62 mi) long and has had in pre-history
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803:
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772:
730:
Elíasson, J. (2008). "A glacial burst tsunami near
Vestmannaeyjar, Iceland".
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707:"National Land Survey of Iceland - Map Viewer:Markarfljót, Grænafjall"
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The first bridge over the river was opened in 1934 near
628:River mouth with Markarfljótsaurar flood plain and
492:One of the Markarfljót's tributaries is the river
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385:Hvítmaga, Innri-Botná, Fossá, Þórólfsá, Marðará
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350:2,640 m/s (93,000 cu ft/s)
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616:water fall from west bank of Markarfljót
597:Markarfljót view from west bank towards
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481:plains at Iceland's south coast, near
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585:Markarfljótsaurar upper flood plain.
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512:2010 eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull
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328:830 km (320 sq mi)
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33:Markarfljót near Þórsmörk with
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454:[ˈrœyːðaˌfɔsːaˌfjœtl̥]
395:Innri-Emstruá, Ljósá, Þröngá,
260: • coordinates
203: • coordinates
146: • coordinates
89: • coordinates
1:
758:"Útivist - Síðan fannst ekki"
653:
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448:The Markarfljót rises in the
69:Physical characteristics
457:massif, east of the volcano
443:
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732:Journal of Coastal Research
313: • location
10:
831:
537:[ˈlɪhtlaˈtiːˌmɔːn]
489:west of Eyjafjallajökull.
417:[ˈmar̥karˌfljouːt]
346: • maximum
815:Southern Region (Iceland)
648:Lower Markarfljot bridge.
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561:Wading the Krossá River.
413:Icelandic pronunciation:
391: • right
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381: • left
676:McCluskey, O. (2019).
630:Vestmannaeyjar islands
786:63.95139°N 19.35861°W
498:[ˈkʰrɔsːˌauː]
168:63.62000°N 19.61333°W
399:, Jökulsá, Merkurá,
397:Krossá (Markarfljót)
791:63.95139; -19.35861
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546:[ˈɛmstrʏr̥]
359:Basin features
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173:63.62000; -19.61333
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573:Markarfljót gorge.
810:Rivers of Iceland
744:10.2112/05-0568.1
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282:63.917°N 19.167°W
111:63.667°N 19.100°W
37:in the background
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16:River in Iceland
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225:63.8°N 19.58°W
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738:(1): 13–20.
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710:. Retrieved
684:. Retrieved
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319:Landeyjahöfn
230:63.8; -19.58
789: /
533:Litli Dímon
475:Torfajökull
438:jökulhlaups
409:Markarfljót
372:Tributaries
285: /
253:Torfajökull
228: /
171: /
114: /
35:Þórólfsfell
22:Markarfljót
804:Categories
777:19°21′31″W
654:References
505:Discharges
364:Population
325:Basin size
249:4th source
192:3rd source
159:19°36′48″W
156:63°37′12″N
135:2nd source
774:63°57′5″N
444:Geography
367:1000 plus
337:Discharge
636:volcano.
487:Atlantic
483:Þórsmörk
712:17 June
686:17 June
542:Emstrur
434:Iceland
428:) is a
273:19°10′W
270:63°55′N
216:19°35′W
213:63°48′N
102:19°06′W
99:63°40′N
494:Krossá
479:sandur
375:
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78:Source
459:Hekla
430:river
317:near
303:Mouth
714:2024
688:2024
518:Risk
473:and
740:doi
806::
736:24
734:.
722:^
696:^
662:^
514:.
760:.
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690:.
601:.
411:(
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