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welfare of those who drove them out. They wonder why they still care. They meet sage Medhas (Sumedha) for answers. The sage replies that this is the nature of existence, just watch the hungry birds who collect seeds, and despite being hungry those birds drop the seeds into the beaks of their babies. This is the power of the
Goddess, her manifestation in nature and everywhere, one who empowers attachments, yet also empowers release, asserts the text. The two men want to know more about this Goddess. The
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challenges some of the contextual assumptions about the medieval Indian society in 1st-millennium. She writes, in her analysis of chapters 10 and 11 of the text which discusses its theory of embryo development and wherein the Purana asserts that woman's contribution to the development and the health
1013:
As they exist today, the
Puranas are a stratified literature. Each titled work consists of material that has grown by numerous accretions in successive historical eras. Thus no Purana has a single date of composition. (...) It is as if they were libraries to which new volumes have been continuously
1274:
The Devi
Mahatmya opens with the legend of King Suratha, who was defeated in battle & exiled, and Samadhi, a merchant who was driven away by his wives & children for his wealth. Once, they meet in the forest. Nevertheless, asserts the text, the two discover that they both care about the
997:
of
Bhavabhuti references Devi Mahatmya, which implies the text was established and in circulation by then. Other scholars have placed it between 4th- to 6th-century CE. The idea of Goddess as the supreme, states John Lochtefeld, likely existed before the 6th-century than the composition date of
1287:
The text presents a diverse range of topics including society, religion and mythology. Embedded in its chapters is information on Family, Marriage, Social Life, Dress, Food, Customs, Ceremonies, Weights And
Measures, Social Conventions, Position Of Women, Geography, Flora And Fauna known and
1191:
The later chapters also present a conversation between the birds and sage
Markandeya, but the sage is the primary speaker in chapters 45-80 and 94-137. This switch in style, state scholars, is likely because this part is the older core of the Purana. This part consists of genealogy,
960:. Other scholars have also suggested that parts of this Purana existed by the third century. In contrast, Nileshvari Desai suggests that the oldest of extant manuscripts probably is from the 7th-century CE. The earliest version of the
1051:. However, states Coburn, Pargiter's focus was reconstruction of India's political history, not other contents of the Purana. Pargiter's work and conclusions have been widely disputed, after he published his translation in 1904.
886:
The extant manuscripts of this Purana have 137 chapters, of which chapters 81 through 93 is the Devi
Mahatmya. Tradition and some medieval era texts assert that the Markandeya Purana has 9,000 verses, but surviving
852:. The Markandeya text is one of the Puranas that lacks a sectarian presentation of ideas in favor of any particular god, and it is rare to read any deity being invoked or deity prayers in the entire text.
1009:, has a complicated chronology. Dimmitt and van Buitenen state that each of the Puranas is encyclopedic in style, and it is difficult to ascertain when, where, why and by whom these were written:
891:
have about 6,900 verses. 2,100 verses were transferred to Devi
Bhagavatam. The text presents a diverse range of topics, with socio-cultural information and symbolism for Vedic ideas and
879:
tradition, with an extraordinary expression of reverence for the feminine. The
Markandeya Purana's Devi Mahatmya is often ranked in some Hindu traditions to be as important as the
1304:
insists upon, is here undercut not only by the role of the mother in contributing to the physical substance of the body, but also by the role of the embryo itself.
927:
text is probably one of the oldest
Puranas in Hinduism. The text's literary style and content, wherein the early chapters read like a supplement to the Hindu epic
1406:
States, "For What The Woman Eats And Drinks Goes Into The Embryo's Womb, And The Living Creature's Body Is Strengthened And Nourished By That So That It Grows".
2627:
787:
1036:
The three early printed editions of this text vary from one another. The Calcutta edition ends abruptly in chapter 136, leaving the narrative of
1097:
for answers to some questions raised by the Mahabharata, but never addressed in it. Markandeya asserts that he needs to go and perform some
2299:
Dattatreya: The Immortal Guru, Yogin, and Avatara: A Study of the Transformative and Inclusive Character of a Multi-faceted Hindu Deity
780:
1074:
919:, That Preserves An Inscription From Markandeya Purana. The Temple Inscription Has Been Dated To The Early Seventh Century CE.
2710:
2331:
2310:
2231:
2210:
2183:
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2007:
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This Purana has 137 chapters, of which chapters 81 through 93 is the Devi Mahatmya. The text opens with the Mimamsa founder
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542:
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portion of this Purana describes the Goddess with theological and philosophical premises focussed on the feminine.
1180:
Puranas, states Sahasrabudhe, have "unmistakingly the Advaita" (non-dualistic) premises, which likely reflect the
979:
inscription, for example has been dated to be from 608 CE, and this inscription is a quote from chapter 10 of the
4194:
3725:
985:(91st chapter of the Purana). This suggests that this part of the text existed by the 6th century CE. A complete
4312:
4023:
510:
4152:
2223:
Epic and Puranic Bibliography (Up to 1985) Annotated and with Indexes: Part I: A - R, Part II: S - Z, Indexes
2453:
Chapters 1-93 Of Markandeya Purana In Sanskrit At Göttingen Register Of Electronic Texts In Indian Languages
2452:
25:
The oldest surviving manuscript of the Devi Māhātmya (part of Markandeya Purana), on palm-leaf, in an early
4201:
2457:
2302:
1999:
1974:
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1323:
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range. Jaimini meets the birds. The birds answer his questions, which constitute chapters 4 to 45 of the
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philosophy in chapters 39 to 43, and asserts that it is the path to gain self-knowledge and liberation (
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473:
3720:
2387:
Varma, Vishwanath Prasad (1978). "Ethics and Sociology of Politics in some of the Puranas".
1231:, literally "glorification or praises of the Goddess", constitutes chapters 81 to 93 of the
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8:
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The text has been translated into English by many, including C. C. Mukherjee (1893) and
268:
4083:
4042:
3334:
3147:
3092:
2404:
2370:
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2195:
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has led scholars to suggest it is an early composition that likely followed the epic.
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2519:
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903:
726:
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considered important in ancient Indian society along with Mythology and Theology.
313:
4302:
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3968:
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2321:
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2137:
2112:
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2064:
The Iconography and Ritual of Siva at Elephanta: On Life, Illumination, and Being
2041:
2019:
The Devi Gita: The Song of the Goddess: A Translation, Annotation, and Commentary
1993:
1334:, state Louis E. Fenech and W. H. McLeod, is sourced from the Markandeya Purana.
1149:
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1371:
1048:
706:
486:
206:
187:
2806:
1152:) framework characterizes Dattatreya throughout the text. More generally, the
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rituals, and suggests Jaimini to meet up with four wise birds who live in the
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1109:. This discussion weaves in moral instructions with mythology, the theory of
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2662:
2637:
2604:
2599:
2579:
2564:
2241:
Hazra, Rajendra Chandra (1962). "The Puranas". In Radhakrishnan, S. (ed.).
1327:
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1970:
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The text has also been dated with the help of epigraphical evidence. The
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verses from texts such as the Mahabharata and the Gautama Dharmasutras.
875:. The text is considered as a central text of the Hindu Goddess-related
4013:
3981:
3926:
3783:
3492:
3329:
3302:
3084:
2857:
2245:. Vol. 2. Calcutta: The Ramakrishna Mission Institute of Culture.
2068:
2022:
1338:
1301:
1193:
1145:
1137:
1094:
888:
855:
The Markandeya Purana is probably one of the oldest in Purana genre of
837:
731:
153:
140:
993:, and has been dated to 998 CE. Similarly, the early 8th-century text
4132:
3921:
3871:
3844:
3793:
3758:
3748:
3700:
3599:
3567:
3512:
3409:
3364:
3038:
2614:
701:
631:
532:
106:
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3881:
3818:
3798:
3629:
3465:
3292:
3265:
3232:
3174:
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3043:
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2724:
1723:
1721:
876:
829:
825:
493:
328:
135:
130:
101:
57:
26:
3006:
2458:
The Markandeya Purana, In English, Complete Online At Kamakoti.Org
1040:
halfway. The Bombay and Poona editions have complete narrative of
67:
4078:
3931:
3849:
3839:
3614:
3604:
3577:
3572:
3562:
3517:
3502:
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3222:
3207:
3199:
3166:
3033:
2936:
2911:
2887:
2786:
2776:
2498:
1361:
1331:
1263:. It is particularly popular in eastern states of India, such as
1181:
1114:
1102:
1090:
1062:, states Gregory Bailey, was published in 1991 by Thomas Coburn.
969:
916:
912:
833:
666:
610:
341:
318:
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125:
96:
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1718:
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3470:
3324:
3011:
2847:
2833:
2818:
2718:
1841:
1351:
1300:
The predominance of the father in the making of the body, that
1268:
1248:
1244:
1236:
1133:
1118:
849:
741:
72:
2448:
The Markandeya Purana (English) By F. E. Pargiter; Online HTML
1014:
added, not necessarily at the end of the shelf, but randomly.
4006:
4001:
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3675:
3609:
3589:
3527:
3507:
3480:
3319:
3021:
2921:
2867:
2823:
2801:
1900:
1898:
1240:
1213:
1197:
1110:
1098:
1002:, because it appears in so fully developed form in the text.
990:
845:
844:, who is the central character in two legends, one linked to
614:
89:
30:
2422:
The Vishnu Purana: A System of Hindu Mythology and Tradition
1873:
1871:
1858:
1856:
1829:
1708:
1706:
1593:
1591:
4047:
3976:
3958:
3906:
3690:
3634:
3594:
3554:
3537:
3522:
3487:
2916:
2828:
2114:
Classical Hindu Mythology: A Reader in the Sanskrit Puranas
2043:
Devī-māhātmya: The Crystallization of the Goddess Tradition
1470:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1451:
1449:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1251:. This text is studied on its own, and sometimes titled as
1129:
1025:
Classical Hindu Mythology: A Reader in the Sanskrit Puranas
868:
815:
2467:
1922:
1910:
1895:
1762:
1760:
2720:
1868:
1853:
1703:
1588:
2264:
The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, Vol. 1 & 2
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1805:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1789:
1787:
1733:
1664:
1654:
1652:
1639:
1637:
1516:
1514:
1512:
1461:
1434:
1337:
The Devi-Mahatmya portion of the text is recited during
1136:), thereby overcoming past Karma. The Yoga discussions,
2781:
1757:
1693:
1691:
1612:
1610:
1608:
1606:
1566:
1564:
1551:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1543:
1541:
1424:
1422:
1817:
1784:
1772:
1676:
1649:
1634:
1576:
1509:
1497:
1946:
1934:
1745:
1688:
1622:
1603:
1561:
1538:
2982:
2106:
1727:
1526:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1419:
859:, among the most interesting and important, states
2261:
2194:
4325:
1480:
1148:, and this emphasis on Jnana within a nondual (
1140:'s portrayal and his yoga-teachings within the
1992:Bailey, Gregory (2003). Sharma, Arvind (ed.).
1144:, states Rigopoulos, are essentially those of
2704:
2483:
2136:Doniger, Wendy (2000). Coakley, Sarah (ed.).
1071:The Critical Edition of the Mārkaṇḍeyapurāṇam
781:
2362:
2171:
1916:
1847:
2366:A Survey of the Pre-Śaṅkara Advaita Vedānta
2711:
2697:
2490:
2476:
2296:
2259:
1835:
1474:
788:
774:
2382:. New Delhi: Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan.
1975:"Dadhimati-Mata Inscription of Dhruhlana"
1282:
2463:The Markandeya Purana, In Sanskrit-Hindi
2319:
2282:
1928:
1751:
1207:
1196:, geography and chapters glorifying god
902:
867:within it, the oldest known treatise on
20:
2389:The Indian Journal of Political Science
2377:
2348:. Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
2178:. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
2172:Fenech, Louis E.; McLeod, W.H. (2014).
2135:
2060:
1904:
1739:
1658:
1077:, 2011 (vol. 2, adhyāyas 76-88, is the
4326:
2415:
2340:
2292:. Calcutta: The Baptist Mission Press.
2201:. Cambridge University Press. p.
2039:
1991:
1877:
1862:
1799:
1778:
1766:
1712:
1682:
1643:
1597:
1582:
1570:
1555:
1520:
1503:
1455:
2692:
2471:
2386:
2240:
2219:
2192:
2085:
2016:
1968:
1952:
1940:
1889:
1811:
1697:
1670:
1628:
1616:
1532:
1428:
1341:festival, in Durga temples of India.
2160:
1823:
1491:
1073:, edited by M. L. Wadekar, 2 vols.,
4308:
2425:. Vol. 1. Read Country Books.
1065:
1031:
871:(Goddess) as the Supreme Truth and
13:
1673:, pp. 798–799, with note 4507
14:
4355:
2441:
2220:Gietz, K.P.; et al. (1992).
2061:Collins, Charles Dillard (1988).
2017:Brown, Cheever Mackenzie (1998).
968:, was probably composed near the
863:. It is famous for including the
4307:
4297:
4288:
4287:
4276:
2981:
2727:
2719:
2175:Historical Dictionary of Sikhism
1969:Asopa, Pandit Ram Karna (1911).
1203:
832:, and one of the eighteen major
56:
4277:
2089:Hinduism: An Alphabetical Guide
1961:
1728:Dimmitt & Van Buitenen 2012
1396:
4202:Relations with other religions
2243:The Cultural Heritage of India
1291:Wendy Doniger states that the
1184:tradition before the times of
989:of the text was discovered in
1:
1631:, p. 803, with note 4538
1619:, p. 354, with note 1948
1413:
1044:, which ends in chapter 137.
954:
943:
2378:Shastri, Pushpendra (1995).
2303:State University of New York
2297:Rigopoulos, Antonio (1998).
2226:. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag.
2000:University of South Carolina
1317:
1075:Vadodara: Oriental Institute
949:, with the exception of the
7:
2497:
2380:Introduction to the Puranas
2363:Sahasrabudhe, M.T. (1968).
2326:. Oxford University Press.
2197:An Introduction to Hinduism
1344:
1330:– a secondary scripture of
1324:Chandi Charitar Ukati Bilas
820:
10:
4360:
2260:Lochtefeld, James (2002).
2144:Cambridge University Press
2040:Coburn, Thomas B. (1988).
1084:
1054:A good translation of the
1005:Like all the Puranas, the
898:
50:Hindu scriptures and texts
4274:
4101:
4066:
3892:
3827:
3734:
3661:
3654:
3553:
3456:
3447:
3355:
3241:
3198:
3165:
3083:
3057:
3029:
3020:
2999:
2990:
2979:
2898:
2767:
2758:
2737:
2613:
2505:
2323:Debating the Dasam Granth
1296:of a fetus is essential:
1239:text of those who revere
972:river, in Western India.
907:The Early 1st-Millennium
811:
3346:Yoga Sutras of Patanjali
2320:Rinehart, Robin (2011).
2284:Pargiter, Frederick Eden
1917:Fenech & McLeod 2014
1389:
3425:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
2046:. Motilal Banarsidass.
873:Creator Of The Universe
760:Timeline of Hindu texts
593:Thiruvilaiyadal Puranam
3400:Eighteen Greater Texts
1315:
1283:Socio-cultural content
1224:
1128:The text presents its
1029:
920:
568:Eighteen Greater Texts
34:
4153:Hindu gurus and sants
3405:Eighteen Lesser Texts
2417:Wilson, Horace Hayman
2193:Flood, Gavin (1996).
2139:Religion and the Body
2086:Dalal, Rosen (2014).
1995:The Study of Hinduism
1367:Devi-Bhagavata Purana
1311:Religion and the Body
1298:
1211:
1019:Cornelia Dimmitt and
1011:
953:, which she dates to
909:Dadhimati Mata Temple
906:
573:Eighteen Lesser Texts
24:
16:Ancient Sanskrit text
4143:Anti-Hindu sentiment
2268:. Rosen Publishing.
2109:Van Buitenen, J.A.B.
1235:. It is the primary
987:Palm-leaf manuscript
893:Metaphysical Thought
840:refers to a sage in
4249:Hinduism by country
3415:Iraiyanar Akapporul
3375:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
2628:Sanat-kumara Purana
2161:Dutt, M.N. (1896).
2107:Dimmitt, Cornelia;
1907:, pp. 173–174.
1892:, pp. 270–298.
1880:, pp. 193–194.
1865:, pp. 192–193.
1850:, pp. 113–114.
1814:, pp. 255–256.
1715:, pp. 195–196.
1600:, pp. 191–194.
1458:, pp. 191–192.
1021:J.A.B. van Buitenen
942:, is probably from
911:Of Rajasthan, Near
836:. The text's title
583:Iraiyanar Akapporul
543:Tirumurukāṟṟuppaṭai
289:Related Hindu texts
2371:University of Pune
2164:Markandeya Puranam
1931:, pp. 27, 70.
1838:, pp. 37, 57.
1309:Wendy Doniger, in
1225:
921:
35:
4321:
4320:
4097:
4096:
3650:
3649:
3443:
3442:
3357:Sangam literature
3313:Yājñavalkya Smṛti
3161:
3160:
2977:
2976:
2686:
2685:
2678:Vishnudharmottara
2333:978-0-19-984247-6
2312:978-0-7914-3696-7
2289:Markandeya Purana
2233:978-3-447-03028-1
2212:978-0-521-43878-0
2185:978-1-4422-3601-1
2153:978-0-521-78386-6
2128:978-1-4399-0464-0
2119:Temple University
2078:978-0-88706-773-0
2053:978-81-208-0557-6
2032:978-0-7914-3939-5
2009:978-1-57003-449-7
1980:Epigraphia Indica
1848:Sahasrabudhe 1968
1826:, pp. 73–81.
1769:, pp. 22–23.
1742:, pp. 77–78.
1404:Markandeya Purana
1377:Tripura Upanishad
1293:Markandeya Purana
1233:Markandeya Purana
1220:, Sacred idol in
1154:Markandeya Purana
1142:Markandeya Purana
1107:Markandeya Purana
1060:Markandeya Purana
1007:Markandeya Purana
936:Markandeya Purana
821:Mārkaṇḍeya Purāṇa
803:Markandeya Purana
798:
797:
588:Abhirami Anthadhi
526:Sangam literature
379:Vaishnava puranas
4351:
4311:
4310:
4301:
4291:
4290:
4280:
4279:
4190:Pilgrimage sites
3944:Ganesh Chaturthi
3659:
3658:
3454:
3453:
3435:Vedarthasamgraha
3430:Vinayagar Agaval
3395:Five Great Epics
3370:Divya Prabandham
3283:Minor Upanishads
3027:
3026:
2997:
2996:
2985:
2984:
2765:
2764:
2731:
2723:
2713:
2706:
2699:
2690:
2689:
2492:
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2279:
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2256:
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2216:
2200:
2189:
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2167:. Elysium Press.
2157:
2132:
2103:
2082:
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2013:
1988:
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1524:
1523:, pp. 1–23.
1518:
1507:
1501:
1495:
1489:
1478:
1472:
1459:
1453:
1432:
1426:
1407:
1400:
1313:
1066:Critical edition
1058:text within the
1032:Printed editions
1027:
962:Makandeya Purana
959:
956:
948:
945:
857:Hindu Literature
823:
813:
812:मार्कण्डेय पुराण
790:
783:
776:
727:Gheranda Samhita
677:Sushruta Samhita
598:Vinayagar Agaval
563:Five Great Epics
538:Divya Prabandham
469:
435:
381:
263:Other scriptures
236:
197:
178:
121:
60:
37:
36:
4359:
4358:
4354:
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4350:
4349:
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4344:Advaita Vedanta
4324:
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4322:
4317:
4284:
4270:
4093:
4062:
4053:Vasant Panchami
3987:Pahela Baishakh
3969:Makar Sankranti
3888:
3823:
3730:
3646:
3549:
3439:
3420:Abhirami Antati
3390:Kamba Ramayanam
3351:
3237:
3194:
3157:
3079:
3053:
3016:
2986:
2973:
2957:Vishishtadvaita
2894:
2754:
2733:
2717:
2687:
2682:
2609:
2525:Brahma Vaivarta
2501:
2496:
2444:
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2356:
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2313:
2276:
2253:
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2213:
2186:
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2010:
1971:Hultzsch, Eugen
1964:
1959:
1951:
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1939:
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1896:
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1836:Rigopoulos 1998
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1539:
1535:, pp. 1–4.
1531:
1527:
1519:
1510:
1506:, p. LVII.
1502:
1498:
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1481:
1475:Lochtefeld 2002
1473:
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1397:
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1257:Chandi-mahatmya
1206:
1150:Advaita Vedanta
1087:
1068:
1034:
1028:
1018:
957:
946:
901:
842:Hindu mythology
794:
765:
764:
755:
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697:Divya Prabandha
672:Charaka Samhita
657:Vaiśeṣika Sūtra
617:
603:
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558:Kamba Ramayanam
533:Saiva Tirumurai
528:
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489:
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377:
344:
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33:, 11th century.
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3128:Shvetashvatara
3125:
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3115:
3110:
3105:
3103:Brihadaranyaka
3100:
3095:
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3000:Classification
2994:
2988:
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2527:
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2509:
2503:
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2495:
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2472:
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2455:
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2443:
2442:External links
2440:
2438:
2437:
2431:
2413:
2395:(2): 270–298.
2384:
2375:
2360:
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2338:
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2275:978-0823931798
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2217:
2211:
2190:
2184:
2169:
2158:
2152:
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2127:
2104:
2099:978-8184752779
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2058:
2052:
2037:
2031:
2014:
2008:
1989:
1965:
1963:
1960:
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1957:
1955:, p. 181.
1945:
1943:, p. 118.
1933:
1921:
1909:
1894:
1882:
1867:
1852:
1840:
1828:
1816:
1804:
1802:, p. 192.
1783:
1781:, p. 146.
1771:
1756:
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1732:
1717:
1702:
1700:, p. 302.
1687:
1685:, p. 196.
1675:
1663:
1648:
1646:, p. 195.
1633:
1621:
1602:
1587:
1585:, p. LIV.
1575:
1573:, p. 191.
1560:
1558:, p. 193.
1537:
1525:
1508:
1496:
1479:
1477:, p. 426.
1460:
1433:
1431:, p. 246.
1417:
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1372:Devi Upanishad
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474:Devi Bhagavata
467:Shakta puranas
463:
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433:Shaiva puranas
429:
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15:
9:
6:
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3:
2:
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4254:Hindu temples
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4158:Hindu studies
4156:
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4129:
4128:Denominations
4126:
4122:
4119:
4117:
4114:
4113:
4112:
4109:
4108:
4106:
4104:
4100:
4090:
4087:
4085:
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4080:
4077:
4075:
4072:
4071:
4069:
4065:
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4056:
4054:
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4040:
4035:
4032:
4030:
4027:
4025:
4022:
4020:
4017:
4016:
4015:
4012:
4008:
4005:
4003:
4000:
3998:
3995:
3993:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3974:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3938:
3937:Vijayadashami
3935:
3933:
3930:
3928:
3925:
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3812:
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3800:
3797:
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3777:
3775:
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3757:
3755:
3754:Simantonayana
3752:
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3408:
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3383:
3381:
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3358:
3354:
3348:
3347:
3343:
3341:
3340:Yoga Vasistha
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3314:
3311:
3309:
3306:
3304:
3301:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3294:
3291:
3289:
3286:
3284:
3281:
3279:
3276:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3251:Bhagavad Gita
3249:
3248:
3246:
3244:
3240:
3234:
3231:
3229:
3226:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3209:
3206:
3205:
3203:
3201:
3197:
3191:
3190:Sthapatyaveda
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3172:
3170:
3168:
3164:
3154:
3151:
3149:
3146:
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3141:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
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3126:
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3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
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3094:
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3076:
3073:
3071:
3068:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3019:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3004:
3002:
2998:
2995:
2993:
2989:
2970:
2966:
2963:
2959:
2958:
2954:
2952:
2951:
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2945:
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2925:
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2913:
2909:
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2905:
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2901:
2897:
2889:
2886:
2884:
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2874:
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2869:
2866:
2864:
2861:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2851:
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2840:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
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2816:
2815:
2812:
2811:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2788:
2785:
2783:
2780:
2778:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2770:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2739:
2736:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2714:
2709:
2707:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2694:
2691:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2659:
2656:
2654:
2651:
2649:
2646:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2616:
2612:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2571:
2568:
2566:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2510:
2508:
2504:
2500:
2493:
2488:
2486:
2481:
2479:
2474:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2461:
2459:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2449:
2446:
2445:
2434:
2432:1-84664-664-2
2428:
2424:
2423:
2418:
2414:
2410:
2406:
2402:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2385:
2381:
2376:
2372:
2368:
2367:
2361:
2357:
2355:3-447-02522-0
2351:
2347:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2329:
2325:
2324:
2318:
2314:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2271:
2266:
2265:
2258:
2254:
2252:81-85843-03-1
2248:
2244:
2239:
2235:
2229:
2225:
2224:
2218:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2199:
2198:
2191:
2187:
2181:
2177:
2176:
2170:
2166:
2165:
2159:
2155:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2140:
2134:
2130:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2084:
2080:
2074:
2070:
2066:
2065:
2059:
2055:
2049:
2045:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2015:
2011:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1972:
1967:
1966:
1954:
1949:
1942:
1937:
1930:
1929:Rinehart 2011
1925:
1919:, p. 79.
1918:
1913:
1906:
1901:
1899:
1891:
1886:
1879:
1874:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1837:
1832:
1825:
1820:
1813:
1808:
1801:
1796:
1794:
1792:
1790:
1788:
1780:
1775:
1768:
1763:
1761:
1753:
1752:Pargiter 1904
1748:
1741:
1736:
1729:
1724:
1722:
1714:
1709:
1707:
1699:
1694:
1692:
1684:
1679:
1672:
1667:
1661:, p. 36.
1660:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1630:
1625:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1609:
1607:
1599:
1594:
1592:
1584:
1579:
1572:
1567:
1565:
1557:
1552:
1550:
1548:
1546:
1544:
1542:
1534:
1529:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1513:
1505:
1500:
1493:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1476:
1471:
1469:
1467:
1465:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1448:
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1430:
1425:
1423:
1418:
1405:
1399:
1395:
1383:
1382:Chandi di Var
1380:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1360:
1358:
1355:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1342:
1340:
1335:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1312:
1305:
1303:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1280:
1278:
1277:Devi Mahatmya
1272:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:Devi Mahatmya
1223:
1219:
1215:
1210:
1204:Devi Mahatmya
1201:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1178:
1173:
1172:
1167:
1166:
1161:
1160:
1156:, along with
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1131:
1126:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1096:
1092:
1082:
1080:
1079:Devīmāhātmyam
1076:
1072:
1063:
1061:
1057:
1056:Devi Mahatmya
1052:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1026:
1022:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1003:
1001:
1000:Devi Mahatmya
996:
995:Malatimadhava
992:
988:
984:
983:
982:Devi Mahatmya
978:
973:
971:
967:
966:Devi Mahatmya
963:
958: 550 CE
952:
951:Devi Mahatmya
947: 250 CE
941:
940:Wendy Doniger
937:
932:
930:
926:
918:
914:
910:
905:
896:
894:
890:
884:
882:
881:Bhagavad Gita
878:
874:
870:
866:
865:Devi Mahatmya
862:
858:
853:
851:
848:and other to
847:
843:
839:
835:
831:
827:
822:
817:
809:
805:
804:
791:
786:
784:
779:
777:
772:
771:
769:
768:
761:
758:
757:
751:
750:
743:
740:
738:
735:
733:
730:
728:
725:
723:
722:Shiva Samhita
720:
718:
715:
713:
712:Yoga Vasistha
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
687:Vastu Shastra
685:
683:
682:Natya Shastra
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
637:Brahma Sutras
635:
633:
630:
628:
627:Artha Shastra
625:
623:
620:
619:
616:
612:
607:
606:
599:
596:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
574:
571:
569:
566:
564:
561:
559:
556:
554:
551:
549:
546:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
527:
522:
521:
512:
509:
508:
507:
504:
500:
497:
496:
495:
492:
491:
488:
483:
482:
475:
472:
471:
470:
468:
461:
458:
456:
453:
451:
448:
446:
443:
441:
438:
437:
436:
434:
427:
424:
422:
419:
417:
416:Varaha Purana
414:
412:
409:
407:
404:
402:
399:
397:
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
383:
382:
380:
373:
370:
368:
365:
363:
360:
358:
355:
353:
350:
349:
348:
343:
338:
337:
330:
327:
325:
322:
320:
317:
315:
312:
310:
307:
305:
302:
301:
298:
293:
292:
288:
287:
280:
277:
275:
274:Bhagavad Gita
272:
270:
267:
266:
260:
259:
252:
249:
247:
244:
242:
239:
238:
237:
235:
234:Atharva vedic
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
199:
198:
196:
189:
186:
184:
181:
180:
179:
177:
170:
167:
165:
162:
161:
160:
155:
150:
149:
142:
139:
137:
134:
132:
129:
127:
124:
123:
122:
120:
113:
110:
108:
105:
103:
100:
98:
95:
94:
91:
86:
85:
80:
77:
74:
71:
69:
66:
65:
64:
63:
59:
55:
54:
51:
48:
47:
43:
39:
38:
32:
28:
23:
19:
4264:Architecture
3867:Brahmacharya
3809:Samavartanam
3774:Annaprashana
3640:
3543:
3344:
3298:Dharmaśāstra
3288:Arthashastra
3123:Maitrayaniya
2955:
2948:
2941:
2863:Brahmacharya
2673:Shivarahasya
2623:Brihaddharma
2529:
2421:
2392:
2388:
2379:
2365:
2345:
2342:Rocher, Ludo
2322:
2298:
2288:
2263:
2242:
2222:
2196:
2174:
2163:
2138:
2113:
2088:
2063:
2042:
2018:
1994:
1984:
1978:
1962:Bibliography
1948:
1936:
1924:
1912:
1905:Doniger 2000
1885:
1843:
1831:
1819:
1807:
1774:
1747:
1740:Shastri 1995
1735:
1730:, p. 5.
1678:
1666:
1659:Collins 1988
1624:
1578:
1528:
1499:
1494:, p. 4.
1403:
1398:
1384:(In Sikhism)
1336:
1328:Dasam Granth
1321:
1310:
1299:
1292:
1290:
1286:
1276:
1273:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1190:
1186:Adi Shankara
1175:
1169:
1163:
1157:
1153:
1141:
1127:
1106:
1093:asking sage
1088:
1078:
1070:
1069:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1046:
1041:
1037:
1035:
1024:
1012:
1006:
1004:
999:
994:
980:
974:
965:
961:
950:
935:
933:
924:
922:
885:
854:
802:
801:
799:
692:Panchatantra
652:Nyāya Sūtras
548:Thiruppugazh
466:
464:
432:
430:
378:
376:
366:
346:
233:
231:
194:
192:
175:
173:
158:
118:
116:
18:
4313:WikiProject
4185:Persecution
4173:Nationalism
4163:Iconography
4043:Ratha Yatra
3954:Janmashtami
3949:Rama Navami
3877:Vanaprastha
3828:Varnashrama
3804:Ritushuddhi
3789:Vidyarambha
3779:Chudakarana
3769:Nishkramana
3744:Garbhadhana
3385:Thirukkural
3380:Thiruppugal
3308:Nāradasmṛti
3271:Mahabharata
3049:Atharvaveda
2927:Vaisheshika
2814:Puruṣārthas
2346:The Purāṇas
2092:. Penguin.
1878:Rocher 1986
1863:Rocher 1986
1800:Rocher 1986
1779:Bailey 2003
1767:Coburn 1988
1713:Rocher 1986
1683:Rocher 1986
1644:Rocher 1986
1598:Rocher 1986
1583:Wilson 1864
1571:Rocher 1986
1556:Rocher 1986
1521:Coburn 1988
1504:Wilson 1864
1456:Rocher 1986
1357:Garh Jungle
1265:West Bengal
1261:Chandipatha
1222:Rani ki vav
1218:Mahishasura
1200:(Sun god).
1194:manvantaras
929:Mahabharata
889:Manuscripts
861:Ludo Rocher
737:Vedantasara
662:Yoga Sutras
578:Aathichoodi
511:Historicity
506:Mahabharata
499:Historicity
195:Yajur vedic
112:Atharvaveda
4328:Categories
4014:Kumbh Mela
3982:Gudi Padwa
3927:Durga Puja
3912:Shivaratri
3784:Karnavedha
3764:Namakarana
3726:Tirthatana
3493:Dattatreya
3330:Subhashita
3303:Manusmriti
3180:Dhanurveda
3113:Taittiriya
3098:Kaushitaki
3085:Upanishads
2858:Aparigraha
2760:Philosophy
2530:Markendeya
2507:Mahapurana
2069:SUNY Press
2023:SUNY Press
1953:Flood 1996
1941:Dalal 2014
1890:Varma 1978
1812:Hazra 1962
1698:Asopa 1911
1671:Gietz 1992
1629:Gietz 1992
1617:Gietz 1992
1533:Brown 1998
1429:Dalal 2014
1414:References
1339:Durga Puja
1146:Jnana yoga
1138:Dattatreya
1095:Markandeya
925:Markandeya
838:Markandeya
732:Panchadasi
717:Swara yoga
553:Tirukkuṟaḷ
367:Markandeya
212:Taittiriya
176:Sama vedic
169:Kaushitaki
154:Upanishads
141:Upanishads
4237:Theosophy
4168:Mythology
4148:Criticism
4116:Etymology
4074:Svādhyāya
3973:New Year
3922:Navaratri
3894:Festivals
3872:Grihastha
3845:Kshatriya
3819:Antyeshti
3794:Upanayana
3759:Jatakarma
3749:Pumsavana
3736:Sanskaras
3701:Naivedhya
3655:Practices
3600:Mahavidya
3568:Saraswati
3555:Goddesses
3513:Kartikeya
3410:Athichudi
3365:Tirumurai
3218:Vyākaraṇa
3185:Natyaveda
3133:Chandogya
3058:Divisions
3039:Yajurveda
2658:Narasimha
2615:Upapurana
2550:Bhagavata
2535:Bhavishya
2520:Brahmanda
2401:0019-5510
1824:Dutt 1896
1492:Dutt 1896
1318:Influence
1253:Saptasati
938:, states
702:Tirumurai
632:Kamasutra
391:Bhagavata
372:Bhavishya
357:Brahmānda
314:Vyakarana
183:Chandogya
159:Rig vedic
119:Divisions
107:Yajurveda
4339:Shaktism
4293:Category
4244:Glossary
4212:Buddhism
4178:Hindutva
4138:Calendar
4019:Haridwar
3997:Vaisakhi
3992:Puthandu
3882:Sannyasa
3799:Keshanta
3630:Shashthi
3466:Trimurti
3293:Nitisara
3266:Ramayana
3261:Itihasas
3233:Jyotisha
3175:Ayurveda
3167:Upavedas
3148:Mandukya
3093:Aitareya
3075:Aranyaka
3070:Brahmana
3044:Samaveda
2969:Charvaka
2769:Concepts
2750:Timeline
2742:Glossary
2725:Hinduism
2555:Naradiya
2419:(1864).
2409:41854846
2344:(1986).
2286:(1904).
2111:(2012).
1345:See also
1307:—
1216:killing
1212:Goddess
1123:Shraddha
1017:—
877:Shaktism
830:Hinduism
828:text of
826:Sanskrit
808:Sanskrit
754:Timeline
611:Shastras
494:Ramayana
396:Naradiya
329:Jyotisha
297:Vedangas
246:Mandukya
164:Aitareya
136:Aranyaka
131:Brahmana
102:Samaveda
42:a series
40:Part of
29:script,
27:Bhujimol
4334:Puranas
4282:Outline
4232:Sikhism
4227:Judaism
4222:Jainism
4103:Related
4079:Namaste
3932:Ramlila
3862:Ashrama
3850:Vaishya
3840:Brahmin
3663:Worship
3615:Rukmini
3605:Matrika
3578:Parvati
3573:Lakshmi
3563:Tridevi
3518:Krishna
3503:Hanuman
3498:Ganesha
3449:Deities
3335:Tantras
3325:Stotras
3278:Puranas
3223:Nirukta
3213:Chandas
3208:Shiksha
3200:Vedanga
3153:Prashna
3143:Mundaka
3065:Samhita
3034:Rigveda
2965:Nāstika
2950:Advaita
2937:Vedanta
2932:Mīmāṃsā
2912:Samkhya
2900:Schools
2888:Akrodha
2807:Saṃsāra
2787:Ishvara
2777:Brahman
2653:Mudgala
2633:Ganesha
2499:Puranas
2305:Press.
2121:Press.
2002:Press.
1973:(ed.).
1362:Brahman
1332:Sikhism
1247:as the
1182:Advaita
1115:Samsara
1103:Vindhya
1091:Jaimini
1085:Content
970:Narmada
964:, with
917:Bikaner
913:Jodhpur
899:History
834:Puranas
824:) is a
487:Itihasa
342:Puranas
319:Nirukta
309:Chandas
304:Shiksha
279:Tantras
251:Prashna
241:Mundaka
126:Samhita
97:Rigveda
4303:Portal
4207:Baháʼí
4111:Hindus
4089:Tilaka
4058:Others
4034:Ujjain
4029:Prayag
4024:Nashik
3964:Pongal
3902:Diwali
3855:Shudra
3814:Vivaha
3721:Dhyāna
3696:Bhajan
3686:Bhakti
3671:Temple
3625:Shakti
3533:Varuna
3476:Vishnu
3471:Brahma
3320:Sutras
3256:Agamas
3012:Smriti
2943:Dvaita
2908:Āstika
2853:Asteya
2848:Ahimsa
2834:Moksha
2819:Dharma
2732:topics
2648:Kapila
2643:Kalika
2595:Matsya
2585:Skanda
2570:Varaha
2560:Garuda
2545:Vishnu
2540:Vamana
2515:Brahma
2429:
2407:
2399:
2373:Press.
2352:
2330:
2309:
2272:
2249:
2230:
2209:
2182:
2150:
2125:
2096:
2075:
2050:
2029:
2006:
1352:Surath
1269:Odisha
1249:Shakti
1245:Chandi
1237:bhakti
1171:Narada
1159:Vishnu
1134:Moksha
1119:Dharma
850:Vishnu
742:Stotra
615:sutras
450:Skanda
426:Matsya
411:Vamana
401:Garuda
386:Vishnu
352:Brahma
269:Agamas
227:Maitri
73:Smriti
68:Shruti
4217:Islam
4195:India
4084:Bindi
4067:Other
4007:Ugadi
4002:Vishu
3835:Varna
3716:Tapas
3706:Yajna
3676:Murti
3610:Radha
3590:Durga
3585:Bhumi
3528:Surya
3508:Indra
3481:Shiva
3243:Other
3228:Kalpa
3118:Katha
3022:Vedas
3007:Śruti
2992:Texts
2922:Nyaya
2878:Damah
2868:Satya
2824:Artha
2802:Karma
2792:Atman
2746:Index
2668:Saura
2663:Samba
2638:Kalki
2605:Shiva
2600:Kurma
2580:Linga
2565:Padma
2405:JSTOR
1390:Notes
1241:Durga
1214:Durga
1198:Surya
1177:Kurma
1111:Karma
1099:Vedic
991:Nepal
846:Shiva
445:Linga
440:Shiva
421:Kurma
406:Padma
324:Kalpa
217:Katha
90:Vedas
31:Nepal
4259:List
4121:List
4048:Teej
3977:Bihu
3959:Onam
3907:Holi
3711:Homa
3691:Japa
3681:Puja
3641:more
3635:Sita
3620:Sati
3595:Kali
3544:more
3538:Vayu
3523:Rama
3488:Agni
3458:Gods
3138:Kena
3108:Isha
2917:Yoga
2883:Dayā
2873:Dāna
2843:Niti
2829:Kama
2797:Maya
2590:Agni
2575:Vayu
2427:ISBN
2397:ISSN
2350:ISBN
2328:ISBN
2307:ISBN
2270:ISBN
2247:ISBN
2228:ISBN
2207:ISBN
2180:ISBN
2148:ISBN
2123:ISBN
2094:ISBN
2073:ISBN
2048:ISBN
2027:ISBN
2004:ISBN
1402:The
1322:The
1302:Manu
1267:and
1227:The
1174:and
1165:Vayu
1130:Yoga
1121:and
1042:Dama
1038:Dama
934:The
923:The
915:And
869:Devi
816:IAST
800:The
613:and
460:Agni
455:Vayu
207:Isha
188:Kena
79:List
4133:Law
2203:181
1326:in
1259:or
1255:or
1243:or
1081:).
4330::
2967::
2910::
2782:Om
2403:.
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2391:.
2369:.
2301:.
2205:.
2146:.
2142:.
2117:.
2071:.
2067:.
2025:.
2021:.
1998:.
1985:11
1983:.
1977:.
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1870:^
1855:^
1786:^
1759:^
1720:^
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1690:^
1651:^
1636:^
1605:^
1590:^
1563:^
1540:^
1511:^
1482:^
1463:^
1436:^
1421:^
1271:.
1188:.
1168:,
1162:,
1117:,
1113:,
1023:,
955:c.
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