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208:. The fine lines and intricate designs of the Manunggul Jar reflect the artistry of early Filipinos. These designs are proof of the Filipinos' common heritage from the Austronesian-speaking ancestors despite the diversity of the cultures of the Filipinos. The upper part of the Manunggul jar, as well as the cover, is carved with curvilinear scroll designs (reminiscent of waves on the sea) which are painted with
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Pagkataong
Pilipino, p. 9-12 (Lekturang Propesoryal bilang tagapaghawak ng Kaalamang Bayang Pag-aaral sa taong 1992, Departamento ng Antropolohiya, Dalubhasaan ng Agham Panlipunan at Pilosopiya, Unibersidad ng Pilipinas. Binigkas sa Bulwagang Rizal, UP Diliman, Lungsod Quezon, Ika-3 ng Marso, 1993).
228:
of that period. The two human figures in a boat represent a voyage to the afterlife. The boatman is holding a steering paddle while the one on his front shows hands crossed on his chest. The steersman's oar is missing its paddle, as is the mast in the center of the boat, against which the steersman
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Early
Filipinos believed that a man is composed of a body, a life force called ginhawa, and a kaluluwa. This explains why the design of the cover of the Manunggul Jar features three faces - the soul, the boatman, and the boat itself. On the faces of the figures and on the prow of the boat are eyes
444:
Zeus A. Salazar, "Ang
Kamalayan at Kaluluwa: Isang Paglilinaw ng Ilang Konsepto sa Kinagisnang Sikolohiya" in Rogelia Pe-Pua, ed., Sikolohiyang Pilipino: Teorya, Metodo at Gamit (Quezon City: Surian ng Sikolohiyang Pilipino, 1982) pp. 83-92; and Prospero R. Covar, Kaalamang Bayang Dalumat ng
181:
The first ever excavation that discovered this burial jar was in the year 1964 by Robert Fox. During that time, he and his team were excavating the Tabon Cave
Complex, specifically in the Lipuun Point. Fox's excavation was most unusual in many ways.
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Wilhelm G. Solheim, II, "The
Nusantao Hypothesis: The Origins and Spread of Austronesia Speakers," Asian Perspectives XXVI, 1984-85, pp. 77-78; and Peter Bellwood, "Hypothesis for Austronesian Origins," Asian Perspectives, XXVI, 1984-85, pp.
200:' maritime culture is paramount that it reflected its ancestors' religious beliefs. Many epics around the Philippines would tell how souls go to the next life, aboard boats, pass through the rivers and seas. This belief is connected with the
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The lid of the
Manunggul Jar provides a clear example of a cultural link between the archeological past and the ethnographic present. It also signifies the belief of ancient Filipinos in life after death.
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would have braced his feet. The manner in which the hands of the front figure are folded across the chest is a widespread practice in the
Philippines when arranging the corpse.
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Fox, R.B. (1970). The Tabon Cave: archaeological explorations and excavations on
Palawan Island, Philippines. National Museum. University of Michigan. p 112-114
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188:"... is perhaps unrivaled in Southeast Asia, the work of an artist and a master potter." — Robert Fox, describing the jar's origin, based from its appearance.
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burial site (890-710 BC). Seventy-eight jars and earthenwares, including the
Manunggul Jar, were discovered on the subsurface and surface of Chamber A. Each
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In addition to the jar, human bones which were covered in red paint were also found. Like
Egyptian burial practices, the jar also had numerous bracelets.
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in Lipuun Point. The Tabon Caves are known to be a site of jar burials with artifacts dating in a range from 2300 to 50 B.C. (4250-2000
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351:(2003). Earthenware in Southeast Asia: Proceedings of the Singapore Symposium on Premodern Southeast Asian Earthenwares. NUS Press.
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96:. It dates from 890–710 B.C. and the two prominent figures at the top handle of its cover represent the journey of the soul to the
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pp. 40-41 Father Gabriel Casal & Regalado Trota Jose, Jr., Eric S. Casino, George R. Ellis, Wilhelm G. Solheim II,
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153:. It was recovered by Robert in Chamber A of Manunggul Cave in Southwestern Palawan. Manunggul Cave is one of the
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Ortiz, Aurora R.; Erestain, Teresita E.; Guillermo, Alice G.; Montano, Myrna C.; Pilar, Santiago A. (1976).
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National Museum of the Philippines. (2014). Manunggul Jar. Retrieved November 20, 2015 from
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Chua, M. (1995, April 27). The Arts of the Philippines. Retrieved November 22, 2015, from
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245:, in which only the bones of the deceased are reburied. The jar itself was not interred.
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and is one of the most popular exhibits there. It is made from clay with some sand soil.
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Guillermo, A.R. (2012). History Dictionary of the Philippines. Scarescrow Press. p 275
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66.5 cm (26.2 in); 51 cm diameter (20 in)
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and Miguel Antonio in 1964. It was found alongside the remains of
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The Manunggul Jar is widely acknowledged to be one of the finest
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varied in design and form but was evidently a type of funerary
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Neolithic secondary burial jar and Philippine national treasure
280:. Makati: Goodwill Trading Co. (published 2003). p. 266.
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and mouth rendered in the same style as other artifacts of
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Close-up of the two figures in a boat at the lid of the jar
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Collection of the National Museum of the Philippines
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121:ever produced and is considered a masterpiece of
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624:Santo Domingo Church
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125:. It is listed as a
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127:national treasure
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1280:Sentro Rizal
1156:Tayum Church
1044:Capul Church
1011:Dauis Church
1001:Loboc Church
923:Panay Church
883:Bicol Region
820:Tanay Church
767:Betis Church
739:Dupax Church
681:Paoay Church
556:Metro Manila
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1465:Collections
1300:of cultural
1016:Loay Church
991:Lazi Church
971:Loon Church
918:Campo Santo
701:Luna Church
611:Open Spaces
462:15 November
420:15 November
155:Tabon Caves
151:a Tabon Man
94:Philippines
39:890-711 BCE
1629:Categories
1494:Spoliarium
1302:properties
1298:Categories
1229:Government
1067:Fort Pilar
777:Calabarzon
500:2013-07-02
261:References
237:Jar burial
116:Philippine
52:Dimensions
47:Burial Jar
1472:Fine arts
313:21 August
198:Filipinos
141:Discovery
98:afterlife
82:Neolithic
1233:agencies
1231:cultural
1223:(PRECUP)
840:Mimaropa
435:107-117.
249:See also
210:hematite
167:artifact
66:, Manila
60:Location
1363:Related
617:of the
255:Tapayan
171:pottery
90:Palawan
1577:People
1564:Lolong
284:
1421:Sites
1166:BARMM
206:anito
76:is a
916:and
464:2015
422:2015
315:2010
282:ISBN
72:The
44:Type
36:Year
1118:CAR
88:in
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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