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1639:
551:. Pombal's views on education as an affair of the State meant science and technology ought to be completely secularised and reformed. Pombal took advantage of Manuel do Cenáculo's valuable intelligence and innovative pedagogical ideas and appointed him to various political and administrative offices related to education and culture: in 1769, he appointed him the confessor (and, later, tutor) to the king's grandson and heir apparent,
857:
si- / ve in re litteraria apud so- / dales et concives ad novam / quasi viram revocanda; si- / ve in aliis magnisque Rei- / publicae et
Ecclesiae mu- / neribus integerrime obe- / undis; pietate duce ac Doc- / trina, Religionem et Pa- / triam sibi perenniter de- / vinxit. Obiit VII. Kal. Febr. / CIↃDCCCXIV aetatis suae / anno XC. Pontificatus XLIV. / Desideratissimo praesu- / li bene merenti posuit / Antonius Iosephus Olive- / rius.
1627:
1050:(1886–96), writes: "Cenáculo's correspondence fills an entire cabinet; among these stacks of letters, there are precious autographs; the great archbishop corresponded with scholars, artists, bibliophiles, princes, humble friars and missionaries; hundreds of protégés in all social strata in Spain, Italy, India, Brazil."
956:
A recurring theme in Manuel do Cenáculo's writings is that libraries constitute a privileged means to further the cause of education, and striving to establish them is therefore a patriotic duty when such efforts are guided by the love of knowledge and public usefulness. Cenáculo was well-versed in
856:
Aeternae memoriae sacrum / D. D. Fr. Emmanuelis a Coe- / naculo Villas Boas ter- / tii
Ordinis S. Francisci / alumni, primum Episcopi / Julio-Pacensis, postremo / Archiepiscopi Eborensis: / qui ob sedulam ac diutur- / nam operam, sive in Serenis- / simo Brasiliae Principe / D. Iozepho instituendo;
932:
in
Portugal, he wrote important dispositions on regular observance and instruction (1790), and an extensive historical memoir (1794) of that religious congregation. These documents show Manuel do Cenáculo's views on the importance of an instructed clergy as an agent for the modernisation of the
765:, begging them to spare the lives of his flock. After seeing the Archepiscopal Palace occupied and sacked, especially his natural history museum and his library, and between violent threats and insults, Manuel do Cenáculo was arrested by the French and carried to prison in
352:'s fall from grace in 1777, Manuel do Cenáculo lost much of his influence at court and directed his attention to ecclesiastical life while, at the same time, spearheading the creation of public schools, libraries, and academies across the country; chief among them are the
472:
was promoting the implementation of modern teaching reforms. By his own admission, this voyage, with its many visits to libraries, museums, universities and direct contact with many foreign thinkers, left a lasting impression on his ideas on culture and teaching; the
1041:
Manuel do Cenáculo was very well-connected with leading intellectuals in Europe; his collected correspondence of more than five-thousand letters is kept at the Évora Public
Library, where a significant amount of the drafts of Cenáculo's replies are also preserved.
388:, and Antónia Maria. He was brought up in the spirit of the prevalent Christian principles and values: his mother was the first to educate him in religion, instilling in him the virtues of charity and piety; his paternal uncle, Caetano Jerónimo, was a
1507:
Travels in
Portugal; through the Provinces of Entre Douro e Minho, Beira, Estremadura, and Alem-Tejo, in the years 1789 and 1790 : Consisting of Observations on the Manners, Customs, Trade, Public Buildings, Arts, Antiquities, &c. of that
977:, 1680). One of his greatest legacies remains his close association with the creation of what still are some of the most important public libraries in Portugal: he was the first to devise the Royal Public Library of Lisbon (the modern-day
632:, where he stayed for the next twenty-five years. As Bishop of Beja, he was a great promoter of culture and education: he was an assiduous presence in many learned societies and conferences; he set up a public course of the
628:"), the Marquis of Pombal and his political allies all fell from power — as the fervently religious Maria I was staunchly opposed to Pombal and his policies. Manuel do Cenáculo soon was banished to his bishopric in
745:. Archbishop Manuel do Cenáculo, at that point aged 85, refused Spanish colonel Frederico Moretti's suggestion to flee the city as it became apparent the French forces had won the battle; as the troops stormed the
811:
On the last three years of his life, he started to lose his eyesight and he grew debilitated in his physical strength and his intellectual faculties. He died on 26 January 1814; shortly afterwards, on 24 June,
706:, all resentments toward the allies of the Marquis of Pombal long past. In Évora, he also diligently promoted public education by creating a public library and museum, and having his precious collection of
477:
principles would be fully incorporated in his later activities as a reformer and as a pedagogue. Around this time, he also developed an interest in
Oriental languages, and became fluent in
1603:
402:
writing shortly after Manuel do Cenáculo's death, the seemingly unassuming family had illustrious forebears. Cenáculo showed a great deal of ingenuousness about his upbringing: Father
1572:
1586:
917:("Literary Cares of the Prelate of Beja on the Behalf of his Bishopric", 1791), detailing his pedagogical concerns and his archaeological endeavours in the south of the country.
540:
349:
322:
492:
508:("Conclusions on Logic"), which became the first wide-ranging official Franciscan essay published in the country, applying modern philosophical ideas to the teaching of
883:
Manuel do Cenáculo was one of the most prolific writers of his time, on a vast array of subjects. Among them, a work in defence of the educational reform doctrines of
406:
once inquired about a scar on his face and he candidly replied that it was a burn from a spark that had generated as his father was hammering a red-hot iron rod on an
940:
655:
Through his connections with many scholars in Spain, France, Italy, and elsewhere in Europe, during this time, Manuel do Cenáculo greatly expanded his collection of
1034:
on remarking on the importance and worth of the surviving collection. Fortunately, Cenáculo had Félix
Caetano da Silva draw faithful reproductions of his every
1282:
Simões, Ana; Carneiro, Ana; Diogo, Maria Paula (1999). "Constructing
Knowledge: Eighteenth-Century Portugal and the New Sciences". In Gavroglu, Kostas (ed.).
909:("Historical Memoirs on the Ministry of the Pulpit", 1776), one of his most celebrated works, a contribution of great importance to the history of religious
652:("teachers for girls") which constituted a first step towards institutionalised education for women (only officially established in the country in 1815).
1285:
Archimedes 2 — New
Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology; "The Sciences in the European Periphery During the Enlightenment"
1706:
1701:
687:
464:; this meant Manuel do Cenáculo had ample opportunity to meet several distinguished individualities, among them leading scholar and historian
1171:]. Acervos Patrimoniais: Novas Perspectivas e Abordagens (in Portuguese). Mértola: Campo Arqueólogico de Mértola. pp. 77–96.
1004:
591:
in the 8th century AD. Manuel do Cenáculo was appointed the first bishop of the newly restored diocese in March of that year, and was
442:
1696:
737:. As the Portuguese revolted against the French occupying forces, Évora's poorly-armed townsmen and militias were slaughtered in a
663:
surveys in Beja. Because the collection comprised many unwieldy artefacts that could not be conveniently displayed in a library or
1686:
1681:
780:
to restitute the
Archbishop to his diocese in the most dignified way possible: Manuel do Cenáculo made his solemn re-entrance in
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703:
311:
85:
49:
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of the population; he paid for Latin tutors and schoolteachers in remote villages. Notably, he also promoted the training of
426:
199:
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692:
353:
1131:
Portugal – Dicionário Histórico, Corográfico, Heráldico, Biográfico, Bibliográfico, Numismático e Artístico, Volume VII
1211:
Historia dos Estabelecimentos Scientificos, Litterarios e Artisticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia
867:
57:
1216:
History of the Scientific, Literary, and Artistic Establishments in Portugal in the Successive Reigns of the Monarchy
449:
317:
One of the country's leading intellectuals at the time, Manuel do Cenáculo was aligned with the novel ideas of the
390:
1310:
978:
338:
64:
1562:
576:
461:
307:
111:
599:
138:
929:
588:
536:
422:
292:
41:
559:), created for the reform of public instruction; in 1772, President of the Board of the Literary Subsidy (
1691:
1239:[A journey from Lisbon to Rome: reading and interpretation of an eighteenth century manuscript].
730:
1473:
Bibliophilia in Portugal at the Beginning of Contemporary Age: the Example of D. Frei Manuel do Cenáculo
403:
1617:
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872:
825:
497:
453:
357:
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collection in Évora was severely depauperated during the Napoleonic invasions of Portugal during the
465:
381:
248:
738:
552:
1468:
A Bibliofilia em Portugal no Início da Época Contemporânea: o Exemplo de D. Frei Manuel do Cenáculo
884:
813:
762:
399:
334:
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592:
1342:
1016:
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664:
544:
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In 1802, following the death of Archbishop Joaquim Xavier Botelho de Lima, the government of
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75:
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in August put an end to the French invasion, there were instructions issued in the name of
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in his own Episcopal Palace; he sponsored the education of poor boys from the mountains in
614:
548:
521:
474:
318:
1221:
III. Lisbon: Typographia da Academia Real das Sciencias. pp. 82–83, 336–338, 413–417.
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specimen; these have survived to this day in the collections of the Évora Public Library.
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675:(referring to the saint, to himself, and to the ancient Roman name of the city of Beja,
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1237:"Uma jornada de Lisboa a Roma: leitura e interpretação de um manuscrito setecentista"
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Direcção-Geral do Património Cultural: National Museum of Friar Manuel do Cenáculo
997:, the author of first great bibliographical reference book published in Portugal (
659:; to this also contributed the many ancient artefacts retrieved in his pioneering
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was then usually entrusted to the parish priest. At age 16, he took vows in the
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299:
Manuel de Vilas-Boas Anes de Carvalho; 1 March 1724 – 26 January 1814) was a
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1402:
A Chronological-Biographic Sketch of the Archbishops of the Church of Évora
896:
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that killed several people gathering there), the Archbishop rose from the
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economy and of society as a whole, thoughts that are in keeping with his
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Portrait of Frei Manuel do Cenáculo, 1771, by António Joaquim Padrão (
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584:
385:
372:
Of humble origins, Manuel de Vilas-Boas Anes de Carvalho was born in
360:, and the art and archaeology collection that nowadays comprises the
1466:
1404:] (in Portuguese). Coimbra: Imprensa Litteraria. pp. 61–64.
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Esboços Chronologico-Biographicos dos Arcebispos da Egreja de Evora
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326:
1369:"Páginas Pessoais: O Saque de Évora pelo Exército Francês em 1808"
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793:
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203:
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1046:, in his important reference work on the local history of Évora,
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in Lisbon with a condign library (this is now the Library of the
804:, and was welcomed back with cheers, the chime of the bells, and
754:
722:
641:
513:
468:. The atmosphere in Rome was one of great transformation as even
1161:
Vaz, Francisco António Lourenço (2012). Medeiros, Filipa (ed.).
337:(with which deposits he for the first time proposed to create a
482:
373:
167:
915:
Cuidados Literários do Prelado de Beja em Graça do seu Bispado
667:, Manuel do Cenáculo chose a nearby church dedicated to Saint
296:
1169:
The Idea of Library in the Work of D. Frei Manuel do Cenáculo
726:
509:
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285:
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31:
1072:"Filosofia Portuguesa: "Frei Manuel do Cenáculo Vilas Boas""
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so that they could return to their villages and promote the
1317:(in Portuguese). Centro de Estudos de Comunicação e Cultura
1164:
A Ideia de Biblioteca na Obra de D. Frei Manuel do Cenáculo
961:
treatises of his time, such as those of Pierre Le Gallois (
828:, of which Manuel do Cenáculo had been an honorary member.
1417:"As Ideias Pedagógicas na obra de Frei Manuel do Cenáculo"
555:; in 1770, President of the Board of Literary Providence (
971:
Polyhistor, sive de auctorum notitia et rerum commentarii
891:; a dissertation on the definability of the dogma of the
1511:. London: A. Strahan, and T. Cadell Jun. and W. Davies.
1505:
617:
meant the accession of his eldest daughter and heiress
539:
in Portugal. At the time, the country was ruled by the
1615:
1338:"Archbishop Manuel do Cenáculo Villas Boas, T.O.R. †"
621:: in a period that became known as "the Turnabout" ("
920:
As bishop and archbishop, he published twenty-eight
1281:
847:College of the Holy Spirit, which today houses the
445:in Coimbra and, later, Theology at the University.
413:He would have learned how to read and write in his
1362:
1360:
1030:, still during his lifetime. This did not prevent
944:Ancient Roman artefacts seen in Beja and Évora by
741:and the city was brutally sacked by the troops of
504:Upon his return to Portugal in 1751, he published
448:In 1750, he travelled to Rome in the entourage of
1288:. Springer Science+Business Media. p. 1–40.
1065:
1063:
1663:
1421:Cultura: Revista de História e Teoria das Ideias
1315:Dicionário de Orientalistas de Língua Portuguesa
1241:Cultura: Revista de História e Teoria das Ideias
963:Traité des plus belles bibliothèques de l'Europe
895:of Mary (only defined after Cenáculo's death by
329:: he played a leading role in the reform of the
1357:
713:He was in Évora in 1807, setting up courses in
441:(26 May 1749); he soon started teaching at the
16:18th-century Portuguese prelate and antiquarian
1475:] (doctoral thesis). University of Évora.
1465:Oliveira, Márcia Carolina Ferreira de (2012).
1060:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1007:, to donate his valuable personal library to
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1277:
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1273:
1271:
1230:
1228:
907:Memórias Históricas do Ministério do Púlpito
818:Historical Praise of Frei Manuel do Cenáculo
341:), and gathered a vast collection of books,
1308:
702:appointed Manuel do Cenáculo to the vacant
587:), which had been suppressed following the
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1190:
822:Elogio Histórico de Fr. Manuel do Cenáculo
56:
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1127:"Vilas Boas (D. frei Manuel do Cenáculo)"
1120:
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1114:
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1464:
1415:Vaz, Francisco António Lourenço (2017).
1309:von Kemnitz, Eva-Maria (20 April 2015).
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887:, the great enemy of the methods of the
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362:Frei Manuel do Cenáculo National Museum
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993:. He is also credited with suggesting
682:
429:in Lisbon. After first studies in the
1707:Portuguese Roman Catholic theologians
1702:Portuguese Roman Catholic archbishops
1089:
729:, when these were interrupted by the
691:Portrait of Frei Manuel do Cenáculo,
671:and repurposed it into a museum, the
154:Manuel de Vilas-Boas Anes de Carvalho
1531:Works by or about Manuel do Cenáculo
1069:
879:), was endowed by Manuel do Cenáculo
528:("Critical History of Philosophy").
62:Portrait of Frei Manuel do Cenáculo,
1414:
1302:
1160:
1005:Royal Academy of Portuguese History
761:and, held at bayonet point, humbly
704:metropolitan archbishopric of Évora
13:
1394:Barata, António Francisco (1874).
1366:
1335:
1124:
784:on 17 October 1808, escorted by a
673:Museu Sisenando Cenaculano Pacense
14:
1718:
1519:
1218:] (in Portuguese). Vol.
1011:, to make up for the loss of the
824:) during a public session of the
566:
325:reforms of public instruction in
306:prelate, who served as the first
1697:Portuguese educational theorists
1649:
1637:
1625:
1208:Ribeiro, José Silvestre (1873).
975:De bibliothecis liber singularis
239:
1022:Manuel do Cenáculo's important
973:, 1707), and Johannes Lomeier (
731:Napoleonic invasion of Portugal
710:available for public fruition.
520:already shows the influence of
1687:19th-century Portuguese people
1682:18th-century Portuguese people
1604:Joaquim de Santa Clara Brandão
1587:Joaquim Xavier Botelho de Lima
1329:
557:Junta da Providencia Literária
396:Holy Office of the Inquisition
1:
1053:
924:on different subjects; while
875:(originally belonging to the
600:Francisco de Saldanha da Gama
376:, the son of José Martins, a
367:
264:Your Most Reverend Excellency
139:Francisco de Saldanha da Gama
1573:Francisco Leitão de Carvalho
1557:New title (diocese restored)
1235:Cabral, Maria Luísa (2011).
983:Convent of Our Lady of Jesus
979:National Library of Portugal
930:Third Order of Saint Francis
877:Convent of Our Lady of Jesus
831:He was buried under a plain
788:comprising the Regiments of
589:Umayyad conquest of Hispania
537:Third Order of Saint Francis
526:Historia Critica Philosophiæ
427:Convent of Our Lady of Jesus
423:Third Order of Saint Francis
254:His Most Reverend Excellency
65:National Library of Portugal
26:His Most Reverend Excellency
7:
957:the most widely circulated
606:. He, however, remained at
561:Junta do Subsídio Literário
433:, he earned a doctorate in
10:
1723:
987:Lisbon Academy of Sciences
873:Lisbon Academy of Sciences
498:Lisbon Academy of Sciences
358:Lisbon Academy of Sciences
1600:
1591:
1583:
1569:
1560:
1554:
1547:
1311:"Frei Manuel do Cenáculo"
862:
837:Church of the Holy Spirit
826:Royal Academy of Sciences
739:short battle in July 1808
466:Ludovico Antonio Muratori
460:, which coincided with a
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814:Francisco Manuel Trigoso
579:(the modern name of the
553:Joseph, Prince of Brazil
547:, the chief minister of
531:In 1768, he was elected
450:Frei Joaquim de São José
404:José Agostinho de Macedo
400:Francisco Manuel Trigoso
835:in the sacristy of the
602:, in the chapel of the
512:; his consideration of
485:, as he was already in
232:Frei Manuel do Cenáculo
1549:Catholic Church titles
1343:Catholic-Hierarchy.org
1017:1755 Lisbon earthquake
953:
880:
860:
733:in the context of the
715:ecclesiastical history
695:
665:cabinet of curiosities
613:In 1777, the death of
506:Conclusiones de Logicæ
501:
335:Royal Censorship Board
1502:Murphy, James Cavanah
1125:Torres, João Romano.
1003:) and founder of the
995:Diogo Barbosa Machado
948:and published in his
943:
893:Immaculate Conception
870:
853:
690:
604:Royal Palace of Ajuda
575:restored the ancient
516:as a propaedeutic to
495:
439:University of Coimbra
356:, the Library of the
331:University of Coimbra
216:University of Coimbra
76:Roman Catholic Church
1434:10.4000/cultura.3712
1373:O Portal da História
1000:Bibliotheca Lusitana
991:Évora Public Library
946:James Cavanah Murphy
693:Évora Public Library
522:Johann Jakob Brucker
380:from the village of
354:Évora Public Library
345:, and works of art.
86:Archdiocese of Évora
1594:Archbishop of Évora
1254:10.4000/cultura.180
967:Daniel Georg Morhof
950:Travels in Portugal
885:Luís António Verney
871:The Library of the
849:University of Évora
778:John, Prince Regent
700:John, Prince Regent
683:Archbishop of Évora
443:College of the Arts
312:Archbishop of Évora
310:(1770–1802) and as
50:Archbishop of Évora
1692:Franciscan bishops
1526:Catholic Hierarchy
981:), he endowed the
954:
881:
851:. It is inscribed:
743:Louis Henri Loison
696:
669:Sisenandus of Beja
650:Mestras de Meninas
597:Cardinal-Patriarch
581:Dioecesis Pacensis
545:enlightened despot
502:
333:, he directed the
289:Manuel do Cenáculo
37:Manuel do Cenáculo
1614:
1613:
1601:Succeeded by
1570:Succeeded by
1423:(in Portuguese).
1336:Cheney, David M.
1295:978-0-7923-6563-1
1243:(in Portuguese).
1070:Calafate, Pedro.
1048:Estudos Eborenses
959:bibliothecography
843:, annexed to the
774:Battle of Vimeiro
719:Biblical theology
595:on 28 October by
541:Marquis of Pombal
470:Pope Benedict XIV
419:primary education
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1584:Preceded by
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1367:Amaral, Manuel.
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573:Pope Clement XIV
458:Franciscan Order
339:national library
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1375:(in Portuguese)
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1024:antiquities
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114:(1770–1802)
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767:Beja
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