1594:
that addresses the effects of a luxury tax on competitive balance, team profits, and social welfare. This model has half the teams above a certain tax threshold, and the other half below. The teams above pay taxable balances from their "excess" revenue, and those funds are redistributed to the teams below. This research argues that the smaller-revenue teams could sustain larger salaries than before the tax was implemented, but that larger-revenue teams would not be affected substantially by the system. In other words, the paper argues that total player salaries across the league are counter-intuitively increased by the system. The authors argue that the luxury tax competitive balance system helps the players, improves social welfare, and helps the fans of Major League
Baseball.
1576:
seasons, despite owners wanting to stay below the tax threshold. However, in 2015, teams in the middle of the payroll pack won playoff games, as well as the World Series, as none of the teams that went over the tax threshold won a playoff series. This contrasts strongly with the dominance of the
Atlanta Braves and New York Yankees dynasties in the 1990s. Despite the success in 2015, the efficacy could be an outlier. According to FiveThirtyEight's Noah Davis and Michael Lopez, despite the new system, cash buys more wins now than they did in the past. They also state that some teams win less when they spend more, proving there is no strong correlation between payroll and performance.
984:
282:
thresholds and changing the tax rates. Instead of putting a level between the fifth and sixth teams, the 2002 CBA set a universal threshold that a team could not pass without a fee. Thus teams would only get punished if they surpassed this threshold, rather than if they were in the top five in the year for salary, which meant any number of teams could pay the luxury tax each year. Additionally, the 2016 CBA introduced surcharge thresholds.
1554:
and radio deals minus actual stadium expenses. This pool will then be distributed equally to all 30 teams, regardless of how much each paid. Teams that paid more than they were distributed are labeled as payers, and teams that received more than they contributed are labeled as payees. This system is a direct way for poorer teams to get more money from the richer teams to level the competitive balance.
3206:
1590:
significant increase in winning percentage associated with an increase in payroll. Based on these assumptions, teams may spend as they have to help their teams win, and general managers will prioritize wins over profits, allowing teams with more favorable revenue situations to spend more, and win more, leading to an ever-expanding imbalance.
1567:
affect a team's decision regarding whether to retain a key player when they are already over the threshold, as they may be averse to paying a substantial fee. Some owners have stated that they will spend whatever they want as long as it is beneficial to the team, whereas others admit that it can handicap the team a lot in the long run.
1527:
of the remaining proceeds, with accrued interest, will be contributed to the
Industry Growth Fund and used for the purposes set out in Article XXV. The last quarter of the remaining proceeds, with accrued interest, shall be used to defray clubs’ funding obligations arising from the Major League Baseball Players Benefit Plan Agreements.
531:
seeing teams go over more than three times, added a fourth taxation level when teams went over the limit four or more times. The 2016 CBA removed this fourth tier, opting instead to raise the third tier's tax rate. The 2016 CBA also added two surcharge thresholds, with teams paying surcharge rates on top of the luxury tax owed.
1166:
The 2022 CBA introduced three separate surcharge thresholds that increased on an annual basis. Additionally, any team with a payroll above the second surcharge threshold has its first draft pick moved back 10 places in the draft order, although if the team’s first pick is among the top six picks, the
41:
MLB first implemented the competitive balance tax in 1997 to reduce anti-competitive behavior in the league. The CBA sets the competitive balance tax thresholds for its duration. Unlike some other professional sports leagues, MLB allows teams to go over the threshold, however, doing so results in the
1535:
The first $ 13 million will be used to defray clubs' funding obligations under the MLB Players
Benefits Agreements. Half of the remaining sum is then used, with accrued interest, to fund the players' individual retirement accounts under the MLB Players Benefits Plan Agreements. The other half of the
1526:
The first $ 2,375,400 is used to fund player benefits under the Major League
Baseball Players Benefit Plan Agreements. Half of the remaining proceeds collected, with accrued interest, will also be used to fund player benefits under the Major League Baseball Players Benefit Plan Agreements. A quarter
530:
system. The 2006 CBA continued to refine the system, introducing the concept of needing to surpass the threshold in consecutive years for the penalty to increase, meaning if a team falls below the threshold one year the penalty resets the next year to the "first offense" penalty. The 2012 CBA, after
78:
The first agreement stated that the top five salary teams in each year would pay a 34% fine on each dollar a team spent beyond halfway between the salaries of the fifth and sixth teams. For example, if the fifth-highest salary team had a payroll of $ 100 million and the sixth-highest salary team had
1557:
The 2022 CBA increased this percentage from 31% to 48%. It also added draft penalties. Revenue sharing payees cannot receive a top six pick three years in a row and revenue sharing payors cannot receive a top six pick twice in a row. Teams that fall into either of these two categories cannot have a
1553:
With the 2002 CBA, the MLB introduced revenue sharing in an attempt to further level the playing field. Each team sends in 31% of their local net revenues into a putative pool. Local net revenue is described as gross revenue from ticket sales, concessions, etc. minus central revenue from television
1544:
The first $ 3.5 million funds player benefits. Half of the remaining sum is then used to fund contributions to MLBPA players’ individual retirement accounts. The other half of the remaining sum is then distributed by the commissioner to payee clubs that have grown their non-media net local revenue
1593:
The first obvious impact of Major League
Baseball's luxury tax is that it artificially deflates player salaries relative to the open market, which may increase owner profits. This approach is justified by a 2009 working paper from the University of Zurich. The paper develops a game-theory model
45:
Currently, the luxury tax increases based on the number of consecutive seasons above the CBT threshold, however this was not always the case. If a club "dips below the luxury tax threshold for a season, the penalty level is reset." In addition to the luxury tax, teams also must pay surcharges for
1589:
showed a positive relationship between all 30 MLB teams' winning percentage, team salaries, operating income, operating profit margin, gross profit, and team revenue from 2002-2010. This study appears to show that there is no difference in average profits after a payroll increase, but there is a
1584:
The commissioner's office has a stated desire for a competitive balance in professional sports. It could be problematic for the same handful of teams to be successful every year because perennially failing teams could go bankrupt (making the league's total market smaller). A 2013 study in the
1566:
The effectiveness of this tax is still uncertain among MLB owners, as they take different approaches to the situation. Because of increasing tax levels when the cap is exceeded in consecutive years, there is an incentive to reset to the year one tax rate. That increasing incremental penalty can
74:
teams felt handcuffed by their relatively anemic budgets while players from larger market teams were unwilling to accept the substantial pay cuts that a salary cap would likely have imposed. This resulted in a compromise in the
Collective Bargaining Agreement of 1996, which imposed Major League
1597:
The MLB Players
Association strongly disputes this conclusion. The Players have attempted to push back against the luxury tax system during each periodic renegotiation of their collective bargaining agreement since the tax was first implemented. In the Players' view, the luxury tax system is
1575:
The efficacy can be viewed in two different ways. As the years have gone on, the tax payments have increased into substantial amounts. According to USA Today Sports, more teams have come close to or surpassed the tax threshold in recent years as salaries have risen, especially in the past few
281:
After being temporarily eliminated from 2000 to 2002, the luxury tax returned under a new system with the passing of the 2002 collective bargaining agreement (and thus became effective with the 2003 season) and continued from then on with various tweaks with each CBA, such as increasing the
1517:
On
December 2 in each contract year, the Commissioner's Office notifies every team that exceeded the tax threshold that they must pay their tax by January 21 of the following calendar year. The Commissioner's Office then redistributes this money according to a process defined by the CBA.
1545:
over a multi-year period. This incentivizes clubs to increase ticket sales, fan engagement, and other revenue generators that most likely rely on increasing payroll, rather than under the old system which allowed teams to not increase payroll and still collect from tax payors.
38:. Without these measures, teams would not be restricted on the amount of money spent on players' salaries. Therefore, teams with greater funding or revenue would possess a competitive advantage in their ability to attract top talent via higher salaries.
1601:
Because MLB finances are kept secret from the public and from the Player's
Association, it is impossible for outside observers at this time to confidently assess the full impact of the tax system on players, teams, owners, or fans.
974:
From 2003 to 2021, at least one team surpassed the tax threshold each year; while only ten different teams passed the threshold in that period. Below is a breakdown of how much each team paid during the 2003-2021 period.
1376:
From 2022 onwards, at least one team surpassed the tax threshold each year. 2023 saw a record-breaking eight teams exceed the luxury tax threshold. Below is a breakdown of how much each team paid during the 2022 season.
3026:
2501:
2916:
49:
The primary goal of the CBT is to encourage a competitive balance amongst teams while allowing big spending on players. The CBT threshold/tax rates have undergone several changes since 1997.
79:
a payroll of $ 98 million, the top five teams would pay 34% on each dollar they spent over $ 99 million. Below is the amount each team paid from 1997 to 1999, when this system was in place.
2814:
1949:
1969:
2859:
2628:
2623:
1870:
3091:
2018:
2080:
2939:
2923:
1896:
1829:
3096:
3136:
2676:
1761:
2144:
Dietl, Helmut M.; Lang, Markus; Werner, Stephan (June 2009). "The Effect of Competitive Balance, Club Profits, and Social Welfare in Sports Leagues".
526:
Just as with the old system, teams would have to pay a percentage of every dollar their payroll exceeded the set threshold. The 2002 CBA introduced a
2911:
35:
2633:
2177:
2799:
2793:
2763:
2618:
67:
2874:
2852:
2659:
2884:
2864:
2654:
1989:
1921:
3143:
1935:
2847:
2879:
2741:
2638:
2830:
63:
2784:
2596:
2576:
2105:
2994:
2989:
2969:
2842:
2804:
3226:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
2944:
2869:
2756:
2709:
2601:
2581:
2491:
2170:
1733:
3177:
3172:
3101:
3069:
2751:
2704:
2129:
Nelson, Susan Logan; Dennis, Steven A. (March 1, 2013). "Performance or Profit: A Dilemma for Major League Baseball".
3064:
3021:
2196:
2553:
1815:
1787:
2809:
2606:
2586:
2835:
2789:
2566:
2463:
2163:
1844:
2891:
2003:
Hunt, Justin (May 1, 2012). "To Share or Not To Share: Revenue Sharing Structures in Professional Sports".
2746:
2664:
3196:
2699:
2332:
30:, the competitive balance tax regulates the total sum of money a given team can spend on their roster.
1619:
2523:
3157:
3048:
2318:
1871:"Only Red Sox, Nationals owe luxury tax in 2018 as MLB teams combine for smallest bill in 15 years"
1472:
2379:
2252:
1598:
fundamentally designed to limit the earnings of players by functioning as a stealth salary cap.
3086:
2974:
2543:
2528:
2511:
2999:
2979:
2964:
2731:
2533:
2364:
2186:
2053:
1433:
1145:
19:
2984:
2445:
2425:
2417:
2369:
2341:
2290:
2214:
2032:
1673:
1106:
1093:
1801:
1536:
remaining sum is then distributed to clubs that did not exceed that year's tax threshold.
8:
2906:
2481:
2435:
2407:
2265:
1950:"MLB 2022 Luxury Tax Payrolls Exceed $ 5 Billion For First Time; Six Clubs Pay Penalties"
1407:
1041:
140:
23:
1646:
997:
Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.
3038:
2954:
2901:
2896:
2719:
2402:
2303:
2275:
1132:
2949:
2506:
2486:
2397:
2308:
2260:
2242:
2222:
1485:
178:
102:
2736:
2681:
2613:
2516:
2496:
2440:
2430:
2313:
2232:
1459:
1394:
1028:
121:
3210:
3033:
2768:
2538:
2471:
2392:
2280:
2205:
527:
235:
66:. A primary source of conflict leading up to the strike was the tremendous power
2959:
2349:
2298:
2270:
2237:
2227:
1498:
1420:
1119:
1080:
1054:
197:
159:
2155:
3220:
3081:
3076:
3043:
2359:
2354:
1744:
1446:
216:
1706:
2669:
2561:
2387:
1067:
71:
3163:
2724:
2691:
2476:
1970:"Breaking Down Over $ 400 Million In MLB Luxury Tax Penalties Since 2003"
1830:"Bizball: Inside the 2012-16 MLB CBA: Minimum Salaries, the Luxury Tax"
31:
27:
1579:
991:
Parts of this article (those related to the below table) need to be
2146:
Institute for Strategy and Business Economics University of Zurich
2714:
2037:
1990:"Details From The New 2022-2026 Collective Bargaining Agreement"
1922:"Details From The New 2022-2026 Collective Bargaining Agreement"
1974:
1954:
62:
The 1994 Major League Baseball season was cut short due to the
1936:"Eight Teams Combine For Record $ 209.8MM In Luxury Tax Bills"
1897:"APNewsBreak: Red Sox, Yanks, Cubs sent 2019 luxury tax bills"
2106:"Don't Be Fooled By Baseball's Small-Budget Success Stories"
70:
had over the salaries of players on their respective teams.
26:
called the "Competitive Balance Tax" (CBT). In place of a
947:
Surcharges for teams over surcharge thresholds 2017-2021
46:
exceeding certain thresholds starting with the 2016 CBA.
2081:"Dodgers' tax bill comes due at a record $ 43.7 million"
1167:
penalty will apply to the team’s second-highest pick.
3194:
1558:
draft pick better than tenth in their affected year.
1548:
1580:Theoretical arguments for how the tax system works
2054:"How is the luxury tax affecting this offseason?"
3218:
1674:"MLB's Evolving Luxury Tax | FanGraphs Baseball"
36:professional sports leagues in the United States
16:Competitive balance tax in Major League Baseball
2185:
2143:
2019:"Major League Baseball has a "nutting" problem"
1620:"What is a Competitive Balance Tax? | Glossary"
1335:Surcharges for teams over surcharge thresholds
898:Tax rates for teams over CBT threshold 2017-21
847:Tax rates for teams over CBT threshold 2013-16
742:Tax rates for teams over CBT threshold 2008-11
2171:
1647:"Luxury Tax | FanGraphs Sabermetrics Library"
1612:
1561:
2815:Comparison with Nippon Professional Baseball
2128:
2005:Texas Review of Entertainment and Sports Law
796:Tax rates for teams over CBT threshold 2012
699:Tax rates for teams over CBT threshold 2007
656:Tax rates for teams over CBT threshold 2006
602:Tax rates for teams over CBT threshold 2005
567:Tax rates for teams over CBT threshold 2004
540:Tax rates for teams over CBT threshold 2003
2932:
1707:"Baseball Competitive Balance "Luxury" Tax"
1512:
1281:
1059:2004–2007, 2010–2011, 2015–2016, 2018–2019
2178:
2164:
2033:"Here's how the new CBA impacts the Draft"
42:team being charged a tax on all overages.
1354:45% (or 42.5% if first-time CBT payer)
1292:Tax rates for teams over CBT threshold
963:45% (or 42.5% if first-time CBT payer)
3219:
2159:
2103:
2075:
2073:
2051:
1868:
730:3 or more or paid a 40% rate in 2006
2131:Academy of Business Research Journal
2002:
1842:
1728:
1726:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1668:
1666:
1641:
1639:
1587:Academy of Business Research Journal
1286:
977:
790:
650:
534:
290:
1888:
1862:
1836:
1704:
13:
2070:
1894:
1754:
1743:. December 1, 2016. Archived from
1549:Other MLB revenue sharing policies
14:
3238:
3065:Timeline of Major League Baseball
1869:Axisa, Mike (December 15, 2018).
1845:"Six teams set to pay luxury tax"
1723:
1691:
1663:
1636:
1539:
3204:
2917:Negro leaguers who played in MLB
1843:Todd, Jeff (December 16, 2016).
982:
2137:
2122:
2097:
2045:
2025:
2011:
1996:
1982:
1962:
1942:
1928:
1914:
1822:
1170:
1161:
3097:Relocations of the 1950s–1960s
1808:
1794:
1780:
1:
1605:
285:
75:Baseball's first luxury tax.
2892:National Baseball Commission
2052:Lampe, Nick (January 2016).
1802:"Summary of new 2002-06 CBA"
1530:
1521:
521:
276:
253:
64:Major League Baseball strike
57:
7:
3227:Major League Baseball rules
3092:Defunct and relocated teams
2747:World Baseball Classic Inc.
1734:"2017-2021 Basic Agreement"
1570:
10:
3243:
2995:Negro National League (II)
2912:First black players in MLB
2104:Davis, Noah (2015-07-08).
1562:Reaction across the league
1371:
234:
215:
196:
177:
158:
139:
120:
101:
52:
3152:
3070:History of team nicknames
3057:
3014:
2970:Negro National League (I)
2860:All-time win–loss records
2823:
2777:
2647:
2552:
2462:
2458:
2416:
2378:
2340:
2331:
2289:
2251:
2213:
2204:
2194:
404:
386:
3049:Barry Bonds perjury case
1895:AP (December 18, 2019).
1513:Allocation of taxes paid
1282:Tax Rates and Surcharges
969:
2853:Tie-breaking procedures
3087:Golden age of baseball
2975:Eastern Colored League
2655:Authentication Program
2544:World Baseball Classic
3000:Negro American League
2990:Negro Southern League
2980:American Negro League
2732:Minor League Baseball
2614:Wild Card Game/Series
2524:Little League Classic
2365:Philadelphia Phillies
2187:Major League Baseball
1624:Major League Baseball
1434:Philadelphia Phillies
1146:Philadelphia Phillies
1033:2003–2017, 2019–2020
20:Major League Baseball
2945:American Association
2940:National Association
2677:Highest-paid players
2529:Field of Dreams Game
2446:San Francisco Giants
2426:Arizona Diamondbacks
2370:Washington Nationals
2058:Beyond the Box Score
1297:Consecutive seasons
1107:Washington Nationals
1094:San Francisco Giants
903:Consecutive seasons
852:Consecutive seasons
801:Consecutive seasons
747:Consecutive seasons
704:Consecutive seasons
528:progressive taxation
3144:Contraction attempt
2965:Major Negro leagues
2907:Baseball color line
2742:Players Association
2534:Rickwood Field Game
2502:International games
2482:Jackie Robinson Day
2436:Los Angeles Dodgers
2408:St. Louis Cardinals
2266:Cleveland Guardians
2021:. 6 September 2023.
1938:. 23 December 2023.
1408:Los Angeles Dodgers
1336:
1293:
1042:Los Angeles Dodgers
948:
899:
848:
797:
743:
700:
657:
603:
568:
541:
141:Los Angeles Dodgers
3169:League Presidents
3039:Biogenesis scandal
2902:Organized baseball
2897:Continental League
2720:MLB Advanced Media
2403:Pittsburgh Pirates
2304:Los Angeles Angels
2276:Kansas City Royals
1849:mlbtraderumors.com
1768:. December 2, 2016
1750:on April 28, 2019.
1334:
1291:
1133:Los Angeles Angels
946:
897:
846:
795:
741:
698:
655:
601:
566:
539:
34:are common across
3192:
3191:
3188:
3187:
3010:
3009:
2950:Union Association
2487:Civil Rights Game
2454:
2453:
2398:Milwaukee Brewers
2327:
2326:
2309:Oakland Athletics
2261:Chicago White Sox
2243:Toronto Blue Jays
2223:Baltimore Orioles
1510:
1509:
1486:Toronto Blue Jays
1368:
1367:
1361:
1360:
1330:
1329:
1279:
1278:
1187:Second Surcharge
1157:
1156:
1012:
1011:
967:
966:
943:
942:
936:
935:
893:
892:
842:
841:
787:
786:
780:
779:
737:
736:
694:
693:
647:
646:
640:
639:
597:
596:
562:
561:
516:
515:
509:
508:
435:Second Surcharge
419:
418:
361:
360:
272:
271:
179:Cleveland Indians
103:Baltimore Orioles
3234:
3209:
3208:
3207:
3200:
2985:East–West League
2930:
2929:
2924:Women MLB owners
2794:2024 controversy
2737:MLB Draft League
2692:Lockouts/strikes
2682:Hot stove league
2497:Interleague play
2460:
2459:
2441:San Diego Padres
2431:Colorado Rockies
2338:
2337:
2314:Seattle Mariners
2233:New York Yankees
2211:
2210:
2180:
2173:
2166:
2157:
2156:
2150:
2149:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2126:
2120:
2119:
2117:
2116:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2077:
2068:
2067:
2065:
2064:
2049:
2043:
2042:
2029:
2023:
2022:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1966:
1960:
1959:
1946:
1940:
1939:
1932:
1926:
1925:
1918:
1912:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1892:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1866:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1820:
1819:
1812:
1806:
1805:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1784:
1778:
1777:
1775:
1773:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1749:
1738:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1718:
1717:
1705:Orinick, Steve.
1702:
1689:
1688:
1686:
1685:
1670:
1661:
1660:
1658:
1657:
1643:
1634:
1633:
1631:
1630:
1616:
1460:San Diego Padres
1395:New York Yankees
1380:
1379:
1337:
1333:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1190:Third Surcharge
1184:First Surcharge
1175:
1174:
1085:2008, 2016–2017
1072:2016, 2019–2020
1049:$ 151.7 million
1046:2013–2017, 2021
1029:New York Yankees
1020:Years surpassed
1014:
1013:
1007:
1004:
998:
986:
985:
978:
949:
945:
900:
896:
849:
845:
798:
794:
791:
744:
740:
701:
697:
658:
654:
651:
604:
600:
569:
565:
542:
538:
535:
432:First Surcharge
423:
422:
365:
364:
333:$ 136.5 million
317:$ 120.5 million
295:
294:
291:
122:New York Yankees
82:
81:
3242:
3241:
3237:
3236:
3235:
3233:
3232:
3231:
3217:
3216:
3215:
3205:
3203:
3195:
3193:
3184:
3148:
3053:
3034:Mitchell Report
3006:
2955:Players' League
2928:
2875:Retired numbers
2819:
2773:
2769:Winter Meetings
2643:
2548:
2539:Players Weekend
2472:Spring training
2450:
2412:
2393:Cincinnati Reds
2374:
2333:National League
2323:
2285:
2281:Minnesota Twins
2247:
2206:American League
2200:
2190:
2184:
2154:
2153:
2142:
2138:
2127:
2123:
2114:
2112:
2110:FiveThirtyEight
2102:
2098:
2089:
2087:
2079:
2078:
2071:
2062:
2060:
2050:
2046:
2031:
2030:
2026:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2001:
1997:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1968:
1967:
1963:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1905:
1903:
1893:
1889:
1879:
1877:
1867:
1863:
1853:
1851:
1841:
1837:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1786:
1785:
1781:
1771:
1769:
1760:
1759:
1755:
1747:
1736:
1732:
1731:
1724:
1715:
1713:
1711:stevetheump.com
1703:
1692:
1683:
1681:
1672:
1671:
1664:
1655:
1653:
1645:
1644:
1637:
1628:
1626:
1618:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1582:
1573:
1564:
1551:
1542:
1533:
1524:
1515:
1374:
1369:
1299:over threshold
1298:
1284:
1173:
1164:
1114:$ 3.84 million
1075:$ 14.0 million
1062:$ 51.1 million
1023:Total tax paid
1008:
1002:
999:
996:
987:
983:
972:
944:
905:over threshold
904:
854:over threshold
853:
803:over threshold
802:
788:
749:over threshold
748:
706:over threshold
705:
663:over threshold
662:
648:
609:over threshold
608:
574:over threshold
573:
547:over threshold
546:
524:
517:
288:
279:
236:Florida Marlins
60:
55:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3240:
3230:
3229:
3214:
3213:
3190:
3189:
3186:
3185:
3183:
3182:
3181:
3180:
3175:
3167:
3153:
3150:
3149:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3134:
3129:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3099:
3094:
3089:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3061:
3059:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3030:
3029:
3018:
3016:
3012:
3011:
3008:
3007:
3005:
3004:
3003:
3002:
2997:
2992:
2987:
2982:
2977:
2972:
2962:
2960:Federal League
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2936:
2934:
2927:
2926:
2921:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2889:
2888:
2887:
2877:
2872:
2867:
2862:
2857:
2856:
2855:
2845:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2797:
2787:
2785:Instant replay
2781:
2779:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2760:
2759:
2749:
2744:
2739:
2734:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2673:
2672:
2662:
2660:Business rules
2657:
2651:
2649:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2610:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2591:
2590:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2571:
2570:
2569:
2558:
2556:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2499:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2479:
2474:
2468:
2466:
2456:
2455:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2428:
2422:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2410:
2405:
2400:
2395:
2390:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2367:
2362:
2357:
2352:
2350:Atlanta Braves
2346:
2344:
2335:
2329:
2328:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2299:Houston Astros
2295:
2293:
2287:
2286:
2284:
2283:
2278:
2273:
2271:Detroit Tigers
2268:
2263:
2257:
2255:
2249:
2248:
2246:
2245:
2240:
2238:Tampa Bay Rays
2235:
2230:
2228:Boston Red Sox
2225:
2219:
2217:
2208:
2202:
2201:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2183:
2182:
2175:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2136:
2121:
2096:
2069:
2044:
2024:
2010:
1995:
1981:
1961:
1941:
1927:
1913:
1887:
1861:
1835:
1832:. 4 June 2012.
1821:
1807:
1793:
1779:
1753:
1741:MLBPlayers.com
1722:
1690:
1662:
1635:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1581:
1578:
1572:
1569:
1563:
1560:
1550:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1532:
1529:
1523:
1520:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1499:Atlanta Braves
1495:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1456:
1455:
1454:$ 100,781,932
1452:
1449:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1436:
1430:
1429:
1426:
1423:
1421:Boston Red Sox
1417:
1416:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1391:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1373:
1370:
1366:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1348:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1331:
1328:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1311:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1300:
1285:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1276:
1275:$ 304 million
1273:
1272:$ 284 million
1270:
1269:$ 264 million
1267:
1266:$ 244 million
1264:
1260:
1259:
1258:$ 301 million
1256:
1255:$ 281 million
1253:
1252:$ 261 million
1250:
1249:$ 241 million
1247:
1243:
1242:
1241:$ 297 million
1239:
1238:$ 277 million
1236:
1235:$ 257 million
1233:
1232:$ 237 million
1230:
1226:
1225:
1224:$ 293 million
1222:
1221:$ 273 million
1219:
1218:$ 253 million
1216:
1215:$ 233 million
1213:
1209:
1208:
1207:$ 290 million
1205:
1204:$ 270 million
1202:
1201:$ 250 million
1199:
1198:$ 230 million
1196:
1192:
1191:
1188:
1185:
1182:
1181:Tax Threshold
1179:
1172:
1169:
1163:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1151:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1135:
1129:
1128:
1127:$ 3.1 million
1125:
1122:
1120:Houston Astros
1116:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1103:
1102:
1101:$ 8.8 million
1099:
1096:
1090:
1089:
1088:$ 9.0 million
1086:
1083:
1081:Detroit Tigers
1077:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1064:
1063:
1060:
1057:
1055:Boston Red Sox
1051:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1038:
1037:
1036:$ 348 million
1034:
1031:
1025:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1010:
1009:
990:
988:
981:
971:
968:
965:
964:
961:
957:
956:
953:
941:
940:
934:
933:
930:
926:
925:
922:
918:
917:
914:
910:
909:
906:
894:
891:
890:
887:
883:
882:
879:
875:
874:
871:
867:
866:
863:
859:
858:
855:
843:
840:
839:
836:
832:
831:
828:
824:
823:
820:
816:
815:
812:
808:
807:
804:
789:
785:
784:
778:
777:
774:
770:
769:
766:
762:
761:
758:
754:
753:
750:
738:
735:
734:
731:
727:
726:
723:
719:
718:
715:
711:
710:
707:
695:
692:
691:
688:
684:
683:
680:
676:
675:
672:
668:
667:
664:
649:
645:
644:
638:
637:
634:
630:
629:
626:
622:
621:
618:
614:
613:
610:
598:
595:
594:
591:
587:
586:
583:
579:
578:
575:
563:
560:
559:
556:
552:
551:
548:
533:
523:
520:
514:
513:
507:
506:
505:$ 250 million
503:
502:$ 230 million
500:
499:$ 210 million
497:
493:
492:
491:$ 248 million
489:
488:$ 228 million
486:
485:$ 208 million
483:
479:
478:
477:$ 246 million
475:
474:$ 226 million
472:
471:$ 206 million
469:
465:
464:
463:$ 237 million
461:
460:$ 217 million
458:
457:$ 197 million
455:
451:
450:
449:$ 235 million
447:
446:$ 215 million
444:
443:$ 195 million
441:
437:
436:
433:
430:
429:Tax Threshold
427:
420:
417:
416:
412:
411:
407:
406:
405:$ 189 million
403:
399:
398:
394:
393:
389:
388:
387:$ 178 million
385:
381:
380:
379:$ 170 million
377:
373:
372:
369:
362:
359:
358:
357:$ 162 million
355:
351:
350:
349:$ 155 million
347:
343:
342:
341:$ 148 million
339:
335:
334:
331:
327:
326:
325:$ 128 million
323:
319:
318:
315:
311:
310:
309:$ 117 million
307:
303:
302:
299:
289:
287:
284:
278:
275:
270:
269:
266:
263:
260:
257:
251:
250:
247:
244:
241:
238:
232:
231:
228:
225:
222:
219:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
200:
198:Atlanta Braves
194:
193:
190:
187:
184:
181:
175:
174:
171:
168:
165:
162:
160:Boston Red Sox
156:
155:
152:
149:
146:
143:
137:
136:
133:
130:
127:
124:
118:
117:
114:
111:
108:
105:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
86:
59:
56:
54:
51:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3239:
3228:
3225:
3224:
3222:
3212:
3202:
3201:
3198:
3179:
3176:
3174:
3171:
3170:
3168:
3166:
3165:
3160:
3159:
3155:
3154:
3151:
3145:
3142:
3138:
3135:
3133:
3130:
3128:
3125:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3105:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3088:
3085:
3083:
3082:Live-ball era
3080:
3078:
3077:Dead-ball era
3075:
3071:
3068:
3067:
3066:
3063:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3044:BALCO scandal
3042:
3040:
3037:
3035:
3032:
3028:
3025:
3024:
3023:
3020:
3019:
3017:
3015:Steroid usage
3013:
3001:
2998:
2996:
2993:
2991:
2988:
2986:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2976:
2973:
2971:
2968:
2967:
2966:
2963:
2961:
2958:
2956:
2953:
2951:
2948:
2946:
2943:
2941:
2938:
2937:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2881:
2878:
2876:
2873:
2871:
2868:
2866:
2863:
2861:
2858:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2849:
2846:
2844:
2841:
2837:
2834:
2833:
2832:
2829:
2828:
2826:
2822:
2816:
2813:
2811:
2808:
2806:
2803:
2801:
2798:
2795:
2791:
2790:Team uniforms
2788:
2786:
2783:
2782:
2780:
2778:Miscellaneous
2776:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2758:
2755:
2754:
2753:
2750:
2748:
2745:
2743:
2740:
2738:
2735:
2733:
2730:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2671:
2668:
2667:
2666:
2663:
2661:
2658:
2656:
2653:
2652:
2650:
2646:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2594:
2592:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2542:
2540:
2537:
2535:
2532:
2530:
2527:
2525:
2522:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2508:
2505:
2504:
2503:
2500:
2498:
2495:
2493:
2492:All-Star Game
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2478:
2475:
2473:
2470:
2469:
2467:
2465:
2461:
2457:
2447:
2444:
2442:
2439:
2437:
2434:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2421:
2419:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2404:
2401:
2399:
2396:
2394:
2391:
2389:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2363:
2361:
2360:New York Mets
2358:
2356:
2355:Miami Marlins
2353:
2351:
2348:
2347:
2345:
2343:
2339:
2336:
2334:
2330:
2320:
2319:Texas Rangers
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2305:
2302:
2300:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2258:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2244:
2241:
2239:
2236:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2220:
2218:
2216:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2193:
2188:
2181:
2176:
2174:
2169:
2167:
2162:
2161:
2158:
2147:
2140:
2132:
2125:
2111:
2107:
2100:
2086:
2082:
2076:
2074:
2059:
2055:
2048:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2028:
2020:
2014:
2006:
1999:
1992:. 9 May 2023.
1991:
1985:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1965:
1957:
1956:
1951:
1945:
1937:
1931:
1924:. 9 May 2023.
1923:
1917:
1902:
1898:
1891:
1876:
1875:cbssports.com
1872:
1865:
1850:
1846:
1839:
1831:
1825:
1817:
1816:"CBA HISTORY"
1811:
1803:
1797:
1789:
1788:"CBA HISTORY"
1783:
1767:
1763:
1757:
1746:
1742:
1735:
1729:
1727:
1712:
1708:
1701:
1699:
1697:
1695:
1679:
1678:fangraphs.com
1675:
1669:
1667:
1652:
1651:fangraphs.com
1648:
1642:
1640:
1625:
1621:
1615:
1611:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1591:
1588:
1577:
1568:
1559:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1505:
1502:
1500:
1497:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1484:
1483:
1479:
1476:
1474:
1473:Texas Rangers
1471:
1470:
1467:$ 39,693,954
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1451:$ 30,773,938
1450:
1448:
1447:New York Mets
1445:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1418:
1415:$ 19,423,297
1414:
1412:$ 32,397,344
1411:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:$ 32,399,366
1401:
1398:
1396:
1393:
1392:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1378:
1364:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1349:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1325:
1322:
1321:
1317:
1314:
1313:
1309:
1306:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1295:
1289:
1288:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1193:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1180:
1177:
1176:
1168:
1159:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1121:
1118:
1117:
1113:
1110:
1108:
1105:
1104:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1078:
1074:
1071:
1069:
1066:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1056:
1053:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1026:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1006:
994:
989:
980:
979:
976:
962:
959:
958:
954:
951:
950:
939:
931:
928:
927:
923:
920:
919:
915:
912:
911:
907:
902:
901:
895:
888:
885:
884:
880:
877:
876:
872:
869:
868:
864:
861:
860:
856:
851:
850:
844:
837:
834:
833:
829:
826:
825:
821:
818:
817:
813:
810:
809:
805:
800:
799:
793:
792:
783:
775:
772:
771:
767:
764:
763:
759:
756:
755:
751:
746:
745:
739:
732:
729:
728:
724:
721:
720:
716:
713:
712:
708:
703:
702:
696:
689:
686:
685:
681:
678:
677:
673:
670:
669:
665:
660:
659:
653:
652:
643:
635:
632:
631:
627:
624:
623:
619:
616:
615:
611:
606:
605:
599:
592:
589:
588:
584:
581:
580:
576:
571:
570:
564:
557:
554:
553:
549:
544:
543:
537:
536:
532:
529:
519:
512:
504:
501:
498:
495:
494:
490:
487:
484:
481:
480:
476:
473:
470:
467:
466:
462:
459:
456:
453:
452:
448:
445:
442:
439:
438:
434:
431:
428:
425:
424:
421:
414:
413:
409:
408:
401:
400:
396:
395:
391:
390:
383:
382:
378:
375:
374:
370:
367:
366:
363:
356:
353:
352:
348:
345:
344:
340:
337:
336:
332:
329:
328:
324:
321:
320:
316:
313:
312:
308:
305:
304:
300:
297:
296:
293:
292:
283:
274:
268:$ 30,618,857
267:
265:$ 12,101,426
264:
261:
259:$ 11,966,468
258:
256:
252:
248:
245:
242:
239:
237:
233:
229:
226:
223:
220:
218:
217:New York Mets
214:
210:
207:
204:
201:
199:
195:
191:
188:
185:
182:
180:
176:
172:
169:
166:
163:
161:
157:
153:
150:
147:
144:
142:
138:
134:
131:
128:
125:
123:
119:
116:$ 10,643,897
115:
112:
109:
106:
104:
100:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
76:
73:
69:
65:
50:
47:
43:
39:
37:
33:
29:
25:
21:
3162:
3158:Commissioner
3156:
2933:Predecessors
2880:Hall of Fame
2848:Tie-breakers
2752:Transactions
2686:
2597:NL champions
2577:AL champions
2562:World Series
2388:Chicago Cubs
2145:
2139:
2130:
2124:
2113:. Retrieved
2109:
2099:
2088:. Retrieved
2084:
2061:. Retrieved
2057:
2047:
2036:
2027:
2013:
2004:
1998:
1984:
1973:
1964:
1953:
1944:
1930:
1916:
1904:. Retrieved
1901:usatoday.com
1900:
1890:
1878:. Retrieved
1874:
1864:
1854:December 19,
1852:. Retrieved
1848:
1838:
1824:
1810:
1796:
1782:
1770:. Retrieved
1765:
1756:
1745:the original
1740:
1714:. Retrieved
1710:
1682:. Retrieved
1677:
1654:. Retrieved
1650:
1627:. Retrieved
1623:
1614:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1574:
1565:
1556:
1552:
1543:
1540:2022-present
1534:
1525:
1516:
1506:$ 3,159,536
1493:$ 5,535,492
1480:$ 1,827,142
1464:$ 1,524,638
1441:$ 6,977,345
1438:$ 2,882,657
1425:$ 1,229,936
1399:$ 9,681,093
1375:
1362:
1165:
1162:2022-present
1158:
1068:Chicago Cubs
1003:October 2019
1000:
992:
973:
937:
781:
641:
525:
518:
510:
280:
273:
262:$ 6,552,963
254:
230:$ 1,137,992
227:$ 1,137,992
211:$ 1,795,582
202:$ 1,299,957
192:$ 2,065,496
183:$ 2,069,496
173:$ 2,205,960
167:$ 2,184,734
154:$ 2,712,672
151:$ 2,663,079
135:$ 9,919,651
132:$ 4,804,081
126:$ 4,431,180
113:$ 3,475,048
110:$ 3,138,621
107:$ 4,030,228
77:
72:Small market
61:
48:
44:
40:
22:(MLB) has a
18:
3164:Rob Manfred
3027:suspensions
3022:Drug policy
2757:Free agency
2725:MLB Network
2619:Appearances
2512:Mexico City
2477:Opening Day
1772:December 6,
68:club owners
32:Salary caps
2764:Valuations
2710:Television
2687:Luxury tax
2554:Postseason
2115:2016-05-03
2090:2016-04-26
2063:2016-04-26
1762:"2016 CBA"
1716:2018-02-21
1684:2016-04-18
1680:. May 2015
1656:2016-04-18
1629:2021-10-23
1606:References
1323:3 or more
1171:Thresholds
1153:$ 865,906
1140:$ 927,059
1111:2017–2018
1098:2015–2017
886:4 or more
835:4 or more
773:3 or more
371:Threshold
301:Threshold
286:Thresholds
249:$ 139,607
240:$ 139,607
205:$ 495,625
129:$ 684,390
28:salary cap
24:luxury tax
3137:Potential
3102:Expansion
2810:Rivalries
2567:Champions
2085:USA TODAY
1531:2017-2021
1522:2002-2016
1302:Tax rate
908:Tax rate
857:Tax rate
806:Tax rate
752:Tax rate
709:Tax rate
666:Tax rate
612:Tax rate
577:Tax rate
550:Tax rate
522:Tax Rates
277:2003–2021
170:$ 21,226
148:$ 49,593
58:1997–1999
3221:Category
3211:Baseball
3058:Timeline
2800:Stadiums
2648:Business
2629:Droughts
2464:Schedule
1906:July 26,
1880:July 26,
1766:espn.com
1571:Efficacy
661:Seasons
607:Seasons
572:Seasons
545:Seasons
2885:members
2865:Records
2843:Seasons
2831:History
2824:History
2805:Mascots
2715:MLB.com
2639:Game 7s
2624:Streaks
2380:Central
2253:Central
2038:MLB.com
1343:Second
993:updated
955:Second
687:3 or 4
53:History
3197:Portal
2870:Awards
2696:Media
2670:Rule 5
2634:Series
2507:London
2199:season
1975:Forbes
1955:Forbes
1363:
1346:Third
1340:First
952:First
938:
865:17.5%
838:42.5%
782:
760:22.5%
717:22.5%
642:
620:22.5%
585:22.5%
558:17.5%
511:
97:Total
2705:Radio
2665:Draft
2517:Seoul
2189:(MLB)
1748:(PDF)
1737:(PDF)
1389:2023
1386:2022
1383:Team
1372:Teams
1263:2026
1246:2025
1229:2024
1212:2023
1195:2022
1178:Year
1150:2021
1137:2004
1124:2020
1017:Team
970:Teams
496:2021
482:2020
468:2019
454:2018
440:2017
426:Year
415:2016
410:2015
402:2014
397:2013
392:2012
384:2011
376:2010
368:Year
354:2009
346:2008
338:2007
330:2006
322:2005
314:2004
306:2003
298:Year
255:Total
94:1999
91:1998
88:1997
85:Team
3132:1998
3127:1993
3122:1977
3117:1969
3112:1962
3107:1961
2700:Logo
2607:NLDS
2602:NLCS
2587:ALDS
2582:ALCS
2418:West
2342:East
2291:West
2215:East
2197:2024
1908:2020
1882:2020
1856:2016
1774:2016
1503:$ 0
1490:$ 0
1477:$ 0
1428:$ 0
1357:60%
1351:12%
1326:50%
1318:30%
1310:20%
960:12%
932:50%
924:30%
916:20%
889:50%
881:40%
873:30%
830:40%
822:30%
814:20%
776:40%
768:30%
733:40%
725:30%
690:40%
682:30%
636:40%
628:30%
593:30%
246:$ 0
243:$ 0
224:$ 0
221:$ 0
208:$ 0
189:$ 0
186:$ 0
164:$ 0
145:$ 0
2593:NL
2573:AL
674:0%
3223::
3178:NL
3173:AL
3161::
2836:AL
2108:.
2083:.
2072:^
2056:.
2035:.
1972:.
1952:.
1899:.
1873:.
1847:.
1764:.
1739:.
1725:^
1709:.
1693:^
1676:.
1665:^
1649:.
1638:^
1622:.
1315:2
1307:1
929:3
921:2
913:1
878:3
870:2
862:1
827:3
819:2
811:1
765:2
757:1
722:2
714:1
679:2
671:1
633:3
625:2
617:1
590:2
582:1
555:1
3199::
2796:)
2792:(
2179:e
2172:t
2165:v
2148:.
2133:.
2118:.
2093:.
2066:.
2041:.
2007:.
1978:.
1958:.
1910:.
1884:.
1858:.
1818:.
1804:.
1790:.
1776:.
1719:.
1687:.
1659:.
1632:.
1005:)
1001:(
995:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.