465:
480:
20:
1754:
820:
degree the south pole was, we tooke the day with the soonne, and obserued the nyght with the
Astrolabie, and sawe manifestly twoo clowdes of reasonable bygnesse mouynge abowt the place of the pole continually now rysynge and nowe faulynge, so keepynge theyr continuall course in circular mouying, with a starre euer in the myddest which is turned abowt with them abowte xi degrees from the pole." ("Here we saw a marvelous arrangement of stars, so that in the part of heaven opposite our north pole, in order to know in what place and degree the south pole was, we the day using the sun, and observed the night using an
765:(in Latin) From p. 217: "Assecuti sunt Portugallenses alterius poli gradum quintum & quinquagesimum amplius, ubi punctum, circumeuntes quasdam nubeculas licet intueri, veluti in lactea via sparsos fulgores per universum coeli globum intra eius spatii latitudinem." ("The Portuguese reached beyond the 55th degree of the other pole, where one may observe certain nebulae revolving around the point , scattered in the Milky Way like luminous patches throughout the whole sphere of the sky, within the breadth of its extent." )
449:
346:
in the current observable universe. Since the sizes of relatively nearby galaxies are highly skewed, the average mass can be a misleading statistic. In terms of rank, the LMC appears to be the fourth most massive member of over 50 galaxies in the local group. Suggesting that the
Magellanic cloud system is historically not a part of the Milky Way is evidence that the SMC has been in orbit about the LMC for a very long time. The Magellanic system seems most similar to the distinct
2210:
28:
2200:
2248:
1060:(the mean between the maximum and the minimum) of -7.3 m corresponds to a period of 6.6 days. Variable of the period 6.6 days have in the Small Magellanic Cloud a mean photographic star size of 14.5 m. If one assumes — according to the universal yellow color of the δ Cepheid variables — a color index of + 1.5 m, then the corresponding visual star size will equal 13.0 m. This consideration thus leads to a parallax
2272:
2260:
39:
2236:
500:
due to a past interaction with the LMC splitting the SMC, and that the two sections are still moving apart. They have dubbed this smaller remnant the Mini
Magellanic Cloud. This hypothesis was confirmed in 2023. The part of the SMC which is closer to Earth lies 196,000 light-years (60 kiloparsecs) away, whereas the farther part lies 215,000 light-years (66 kiloparsecs) away.
1072:= 0.0001", corresponding to a distance of about 3000 light-years. Since the galactic latitude of the Small Magellanic Cloud amounts to about - 45°, then it would lie — according to the foregoing — about 2000 light-years from a plane through our Sun lying parallel to the Milky Way and would have to be regarded as lying outside the Milky Way.)
734:
353:
Astronomers have long assumed that the
Magellanic Clouds have orbited the Milky Way at approximately their current distances, but evidence suggests that it is rare for them to come as close to the Milky Way as they are now. Observation and theoretical evidence suggest that the Magellanic Clouds have
345:
The total mass of these two galaxies is uncertain. Only a fraction of their gas seems to have coalesced into stars and they probably both have large dark matter halos. One recent estimate of the total mass of the LMC is about 1/10 that of the Milky Way. That would make the LMC rather a large galaxy
819:
Corsali said that his ship had passed the Cape of Good Hope ("the cape of Bona
Speranza") and was at 37 degrees south latitude when he observed the Magellanic clouds: "Here we sawe a marueylous order of starres, so that in the parte of heauen contrary to owre northe pole, to know in what place and
499:
Astrophysicists D. S. Mathewson, V. L. Ford and N. Visvanathan proposed that the SMC may in fact be split in two, with a smaller section of this galaxy behind the main part of the SMC (as seen from Earth's perspective), and separated by about 30,000 light years. They suggest the reason for this is
1059:
From p. 204: "Zunächst ergibt sich eine
Parallaxe der kleinen Magellanschen Wolke. ... und als außerhalb der Milchstraße liegend zu betrachten sein." (First, a parallax of the Small Magellanic Cloud follows. According to the 13 δ Cepheid variable that are treated above, the absolute brightness
341:
in 1994, they were the closest known galaxies to our own. The LMC lies about 160,000 light years away, while the SMC is around 200,000. The LMC is about 70% larger than the diameter of the SMC (32,200 ly and 18,900 ly respectively). For comparison, the Milky Way is about 87,400 ly
824:, and saw clearly two clouds of reasonable bigness revolving around the location of the pole, continually now rising and now falling, thus maintaining their continual course of circular motion, with a star always in the middle , which revolves with them about 11 degrees from the pole.")
308:
to refine the measurement, and these were again revised in 1952 following further research. As of 2023, some astronomers believe the
Magellanic Clouds should be renamed, alleging that Magellan was a murderer and neither an astronomer nor the discoverer of the dwarf galaxies.
358:
interaction with the Milky Way as they travel close to it. The LMC maintains a very clear spiral structure in radio-telescope images of neutral hydrogen. Streams of neutral hydrogen connect them to the Milky Way and to each other, and both resemble disrupted
895:
853:
From p. 66: "The antarctic pole is not so covered with stars as the arctic, for there are to be seen there many small stars congregated together, which are like to two clouds a little separated from one another, and a little
441:
and belongs to the leading arm of the
Magellanic Clouds. The existence of this star cluster suggests that the leading arm of the Magellanic Clouds is 90,000 light-years away from the Milky Way—closer than previously thought.
416:. If they are in orbit, that orbit takes at least 4 billion years. They are possibly on a first approach and we are witnessing the start of a galactic merger that may overlap with the Milky Way's expected merger with the
916:[Table of the apparent right ascensions and declinations of the southern stars contained within the Tropic of Capricorn; observed at the Cape of Good Hope during the period from 6 August 1751 to 18 July 1752].
914:"Table des ascensions droites et des déclinaisons apparentes des étoiles australes renfermées dans le tropique cu Capricorne; observées au cap de Bonne-espérance, dans l'intervalle du 6 Août 1751, au 18 Juillet 1752"
231:
did not mention any of this so we do not know if this is true or false." Both Ibn
Qutaybah and Al-Sufi were probably quoting from the former's contemporary (and compatriot) and famed scientist
888:
1027:, and the Nebulae, are individuals, and which are themselves composed of stars (either simple, multiple, or in clusters) and of gaseous bodies of both regular and irregular outlines."
288:
studied the
Magellanic Clouds from South Africa, writing an 1847 report detailing 919 objects in the Large Magellanic Cloud and 244 objects in the Small Magellanic Cloud. In 1867
479:
1212:
374:
Aside from their different structure and lower mass, they differ from our galaxy in two major ways. They are gas-rich; a higher fraction of their mass is hydrogen and
235:'s mostly lost work on Anwaa. Abu Hanifa was probably quoting earlier sources, which may be just travelers stories, and hence Al-Sufi's comments about their veracity.
1138:"Studies on the colors and magnitudes in stellar clusters. Seventh paper: The distances, distributions in space, and dimensions of 69 globular clusters"
412:
Measurements with the Hubble Space Telescope, announced in 2006, suggest the Magellanic Clouds may be moving too fast to be long term companions of the
577:
258:
on its circumnavigation of the world in 1519–1522. However, naming the clouds after Magellan did not become widespread until much later. In Bayer's
957:
1306:
Macri, L. M.; et al. (2006). "A New Cepheid Distance to the Maser-Host Galaxy NGC 4258 and Its Implications for the Hubble Constant".
464:
800:
From 1515 to 1517, Andrea Corsali sailed to the East Indies and China in a Portuguese ship. In 1516, Andrea Corsali sent a letter to
1137:
1475:
918:
Histoire de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, avec les Mémoires de Mathématique & de Physique de l'Académie Royale des Sciences
801:
42:
ALMA antennae bathed in red light. In the background are the southern Milky Way on the left and the Magellanic Clouds at the top.
1630:
1436:
1179:
687:
1753:
1038:
509:
2090:
1928:
1691:
1663:
338:
84:
65:
655:
211:
there are two stars known as the 'feet of Canopus', and beneath those there are bright white stars that are unseen in
2170:
992:
624:
2165:
1393:
170:وأسفل من سهيل قدما سهيل . وفى مجرى قدمى سهيل، من خلفهما كواكب زهر كبار، لا ترى بالعراق، يسميها أهل تهامة الأعبار
1082:
448:
2010:
1904:
1417:
926:
Planisphere contenant des constellations celestes comprises entre le pole austral et le Tropique du Capricorne
2015:
1812:
1277:
808:(c.1520–1576) and published in 1555. The relevant part of Corsali's letter (translated by Eden) appears in:
69:
816:
2302:
762:
1019:, which is therefore essentially stellar. 3. The visible universe is composed of systems, of which the
879:) appears to the left and below the chart's center and touches the right side of Hydrus the water snake.
2292:
2226:
1820:
1244:
946:
243:
19:
1546:
Mathewson, D. S.; Ford, V. L.; Visvanathan, N. (1986). "The structure of the Small Magellanic Cloud".
1198:
850:
831:, 2nd ed. (New York, New York: Springer Science + Business Media, 2012), § 4.3.2.2 Andreas Corsali,
805:
273:
977:
Results of Astronomical Observations Made During the Years 1834, 5, 6, 7, 8 at the Cape of Good Hope
394:, but as in our own galaxy their stars range from the very young to the very old, indicating a long
2110:
1840:
1802:
923:
913:
787:
177:, there are the feet of Canopus, and on their extension, behind them bright big stars, not seen in
2040:
2005:
1797:
1656:
1580:
292:
suggested that they were separate satellites of the Milky Way. Distances were first estimated by
571:
Tepper-García, Thor; Bland-Hawthorn, Joss; Pawlowski, Marcel S.; Fritz, Tobias K. (2019-09-01).
1952:
1947:
1594:"A galactic eclipse: the Small Magellanic Cloud is forming stars in two, superimposed systems"
875:) appears below the chart's center and just above the fish Dorado; the Small Magellanic Cloud (
651:
470:
455:
322:
318:
120:
106:
975:
832:
815:... (Birmingham, England: 1885), "Of the pole antarike and the starres abowt the same ... ",
777:
673:
2180:
2105:
2055:
2050:
1716:
1635:
1213:"'Violent colonialist' Magellan is unfit to keep his place in the night sky, say astronomers"
2297:
2060:
2045:
1914:
1555:
1457:
1325:
1281:
1222:
1107:
1050:
360:
325:, are conspicuous objects in the southern hemisphere, looking like separated pieces of the
92:
868:
378:
compared to the Milky Way. They are also more metal-poor than the Milky Way; the youngest
8:
2276:
2125:
1730:
232:
199:
132:
128:
32:
1559:
1329:
1285:
1111:
1054:
2264:
2252:
2213:
2120:
2075:
1909:
1710:
1649:
1508:
1472:
1341:
1315:
669:
586:
391:
255:
163:
114:
1359:
2199:
2185:
2175:
2000:
1957:
1888:
1873:
1444:
1175:
606:
524:
519:
486:
432:
421:
301:
297:
293:
251:
96:
1376:
1345:
761:(Cologne, (Germany): Geruinum Calenium (Gerwin Calenius), 1574), decade 3, book 1,
544:
2203:
2135:
1995:
1563:
1522:
1333:
1149:
1115:
1095:
1004:
929:
pole and the Tropic of Capricorn]) following p. 592. (The Large Magellanic Cloud (
596:
514:
417:
110:
59:
1015:
From p. 262: "2. The Nebulae resolved and unresolved lie in general without the
691:
1868:
1772:
1479:
961:
899:
1375:
Majaess, Daniel J.; Turner, David G.; Lane, David J.; Henden, Arne; Krajci, Tom
804:, mentioning the Magellanic clouds. This letter was translated into English by
782:
For further details of – and other editions of – Peter Martyr d'Anghiera's book
713:
2130:
2020:
1893:
1845:
1785:
1396:. Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology. 5 January 2010
428:
395:
330:
305:
289:
247:
1009:
735:"Book of Fixed Stars, Al-Sufi (manuscript written and illustrated by his son)"
2286:
2115:
2070:
1860:
1850:
1780:
1119:
665:
610:
368:
285:
1990:
601:
572:
2240:
2085:
2035:
1967:
1883:
1878:
1790:
1504:
1217:
1194:
155:
62:
1985:
1545:
1269:
1041:[On the spatial distribution of variable of the δ Cepheid type].
2030:
2025:
1835:
1704:
1698:
1320:
570:
438:
383:
355:
334:
333:
apart in the night sky, the true distance between them is roughly 75,000
260:
88:
1980:
250:, both based on Portuguese voyages. Subsequently, they were reported by
1723:
1593:
204:
144:
27:
367:
has affected the Milky Way as well, distorting the outer parts of the
2145:
2080:
1975:
1898:
1830:
1825:
1684:
1672:
1039:"Über die räumliche Verteilung der Veränderlichen vom δ Cephei-Typus"
821:
769:
754:
For Peter Martyr d'Anghiera's mention of the Magellanic clouds, see:
413:
402:
386:
of 0.5 and 0.25 times solar, respectively. Both are noted for their
326:
77:
545:"Media Advisory: Virtual Press Conference to Mark ALMA Inauguration"
1737:
1567:
1337:
1154:
591:
406:
347:
152:
2140:
2100:
2095:
1377:"Anchoring the Universal Distance Scale via a Wesenheit Template"
661:
364:
228:
208:
203:, mentioned the same quote, but with a different spelling. Under
194:
174:
1636:
ESO: VISTA Peeks Through the Small Magellanic Cloud’s Dusty Veil
387:
375:
239:
220:
182:
80:
1581:
http://iopscience.iop.org/1538-3881/122/1/220/200523.text.html
1505:"Press release: Magellanic Clouds May Be Just Passing Through"
1381:
Journal of the American Association of Variable Star Observers
143:
An early possible mention of the Large Magellanic Cloud is in
127:
The Magellanic clouds are visible to the unaided eye from the
2065:
1081:
Leavitt, Henrietta S.; Pickering, Edward C. (March 3, 1912).
573:"The Magellanic System: the puzzle of the leading gas stream"
148:
73:
1641:
1083:"Periods of 25 Variable Stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud"
38:
1174:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 231–232.
379:
242:, the Clouds were reported by 16th century Italian authors
216:
212:
207:, he quoted that "unnamed others have claimed that beneath
178:
2235:
774:
Cosmos: A Sketch of a Physical Description of the Universe
1172:
Encyclopedia of the History of Astronomy and Astrophysics
980:. London, England: Smith, Elder and Co. pp. 151–165.
845:
Pigafetta et al., with Lord Stanley of Alderley, trans.,
549:
1620:(New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1993), pp. 357–8.
1458:
http://home.insightbb.com/~lasweb/lessons/magellanic.htm
1415:
Ferris, Timothy (December 2011). "Dancing in the Dark".
1245:"The Magellanic Clouds must be renamed, astronomers say"
1064:
of the Small Magellanic Cloud, which is given by 5 log
427:
In 2019, astronomers discovered the young star cluster
2224:
1613:(Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1993), p. 550.
1473:
http://aa.springer.de/papers/8336003/2300925/sc6.htm
401:
The Large Magellanic Cloud was the host galaxy to a
1592:Murray, Claire E. ; et al. (14 December 2023)
1195:"Astronomers need to rename the Magellanic Clouds"
409:), the brightest observed in over four centuries.
997:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
949:Planisphere contenant les Constellations Celestes
776:(London, England: Henry G. Bohn, 1852), vol. 4,
578:Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
350:system, which is on the edge of the Local Group.
2284:
1093:
272:. In the 1756 star map of the French astronomer
937:) appear just below the center of the diagram.)
902:U.S. Naval Observatory; retrieved on 2009-09-05
714:"Observatoire de Paris (Abd-al-Rahman Al Sufi)"
197:, a professional astronomer, in 964 CE, in his
1583:The Astronomical Journal 122:220–231 July 2001
494:
304:. Recalibration of the Cepheid scales allowed
1657:
1299:
993:"On the distribution of the nebulae in space"
847:The First Voyage Round the World, by Magellan
829:Star Maps: History, Artistry, and Cartography
510:Astronomical surveys of the Magellanic Clouds
1352:
1270:"A Cosmic Zoo in the Large Magellanic Cloud"
1163:
911:
650:
123:(SMC), about 206 kly (63 kpc) away
1369:
1364:Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics
1274:European Southern Observatory Press Release
1169:
1036:
964:Linda Hall Library; retrieved on 2009-09-05
849:(London, England: Hakluyt Society, 1874),
284:("the Large Cloud" and "the Small Cloud").
151:. They may be the objects mentioned by the
1664:
1650:
625:"Magellanic System | UW-Madison Astronomy"
1319:
1242:
1153:
1008:
600:
590:
16:Two dwarf galaxies orbiting the Milky Way
1098:[Reports about variable stars].
1096:"Mitteilungen über veränderliche Sterne"
973:
867:. Augsburg, (Germany): Christoph Mang.
813:The First Three English Books on America
37:
26:
18:
1746:) may be read as "within" or "part of".
1437:"The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds"
1135:
1094:Pickering, E.C.; Wendell, O.C. (1912).
646:
644:
131:, but cannot be observed from the most
31:Small and Large Magellanic Clouds over
2285:
1414:
1243:Ravisetti, Monisha (3 November 2023).
811:Richard Eden, with Edward Arber, ed.,
1645:
1358:Freedman, Wendy L.; Madore, Barry F.
1305:
1210:
953:Memoires Academie Royale des Sciences
23:The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds
1087:Harvard College Observatory Circular
1068:= -7.3 - 13.0 = -20.3. One obtains
990:
802:Giuliano de' Medici, Duke of Nemours
641:
321:and its neighbour and relative, the
254:, who accompanied the expedition of
102:The two galaxies are the following:
1197:Mia de los Reyes 12 September 2023
339:Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy
296:in 1913 using 1912 measurements of
13:
1752:
1638:—including photos & animations
1609:Eric Chaisson and Steve McMillan,
933:) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (
657:Star Names: Their Lore and Meaning
489:data with foreground stars removed
312:
14:
2314:
1624:
1211:McKie, Robin (12 November 2023).
757:Petrus Martyr de Anghiera (1574)
437:data. The star cluster has a low
95:, they are often reclassified as
2270:
2258:
2246:
2234:
2209:
2208:
2198:
478:
463:
447:
1631:Magellanic Clouds Working Group
1586:
1574:
1539:
1515:
1497:
1488:
1466:
1451:
1429:
1408:
1386:
1262:
1236:
1204:
1188:
1129:
1075:
1030:
984:
967:
940:
905:
882:
857:
839:
759:De rebus Oceanicis et Orbe Novo
354:both been greatly distorted by
91:. Because both show signs of a
1523:"IoW_20200109 - Gaia - Cosmos"
794:
768:Humboldt, Alexander von, with
748:
727:
706:
680:
617:
564:
537:
219:, and that the inhabitants of
1:
2171:Andromeda–Milky Way collision
1671:
1278:European Southern Observatory
530:
337:. Until the discovery of the
162:(the stations of the Moon in
70:southern celestial hemisphere
1201:; retrieved 12 November 2023
974:Herschel, John F.W. (1847).
871:The Large Magellanic Cloud (
786:, see Knowledge's article:
329:to the naked eye. Roughly 21
158:(d. 889 CE), in his book on
7:
1170:Leverington, David (2013).
947:de Lacaille, N. L., (1756)
503:
495:Mini Magellanic Cloud (MMC)
147:and rock drawings found in
10:
2319:
1603:
485:LMC and SMC rendered from
382:in the LMC and SMC have a
138:
2194:
2158:
1966:
1938:
1927:
1859:
1811:
1803:Galactic Center filaments
1771:
1764:
1750:
1679:
1548:The Astrophysical Journal
1308:The Astrophysical Journal
1199:American Physical Society
1142:The Astrophysical Journal
1100:Astronomische Nachrichten
1043:Astronomische Nachrichten
276:, they are designated as
1394:"Little Galaxy Explored"
1136:Shapley, Harlow (1918).
1120:10.1002/asna.19121921303
1037:Hertzsprung, E. (1913).
991:Abbe, Cleveland (1867).
827:See also: Kanas, Nick,
788:Decades of the New World
688:"Al-Anwaa, Ibn Qutaybah"
1798:Supermassive black hole
1485:Retrieved on 2007-05-31
1463:Retrieved on 2007-05-31
1092:Summarized in German:
1010:10.1093/mnras/27.7.257a
772:and B.H. Paul, trans.,
264:they are designated as
244:Peter Martyr d'Anghiera
2091:Sagittarius Spheroidal
1953:Small Magellanic Cloud
1948:Large Magellanic Cloud
1905:Pisces-Eridanus stream
1758:
471:Small Magellanic Cloud
456:Large Magellanic Cloud
361:barred spiral galaxies
323:Small Magellanic Cloud
319:Large Magellanic Cloud
191:
121:Small Magellanic Cloud
109:(LMC), about 163
107:Large Magellanic Cloud
43:
35:
24:
1756:
1717:Laniakea Supercluster
1494:Chaisson and McMillan
1360:"The Hubble Constant"
920:(in French): 539–592.
912:de la Caille (1752).
602:10.1093/mnras/stz1659
168:
41:
30:
22:
1757:The Milky Way Galaxy
1618:Conceptual Astronomy
1223:Guardian Media Group
863:Bayer Johann (1603)
1731:Observable universe
1560:1986ApJ...301..664M
1418:National Geographic
1330:2006ApJ...652.1133M
1286:2010eso..pres...21.
1280:: 21. 1 June 2010.
1112:1912AN....192..219P
1055:1913AN....196..201H
392:stellar populations
233:Abu Hanifa Dinawari
200:Book of Fixed Stars
164:pre-Islamic Arabian
129:Southern Hemisphere
87:are members of the
56:Nubeculae Magellani
33:Paranal Observatory
2303:Milky Way Subgroup
2076:Pisces Overdensity
1910:Sagittarius Stream
1821:Carina–Sagittarius
1759:
1711:Virgo Supercluster
1692:Milky Way subgroup
1527:www.cosmos.esa.int
1511:. January 9, 2007.
1509:Harvard University
1478:2007-06-07 at the
1461:Home.insightbb.com
960:2009-05-09 at the
898:2011-07-22 at the
889:Bayer, J., (1661)
670:Dover Publications
256:Ferdinand Magellan
133:northern latitudes
85:satellite galaxies
44:
36:
25:
2293:Magellanic Clouds
2222:
2221:
2186:Zone of Avoidance
2154:
2153:
2001:Canes Venatici II
1958:Magellanic Bridge
1940:Magellanic Clouds
1923:
1922:
1889:Magellanic Stream
1874:Fimbulthul stream
1447:on July 15, 2005.
1181:978-0-521-89994-9
1049:(4692): 201–208.
525:Magellanic Stream
520:Magellanic Bridge
424:) in the future.
422:Triangulum Galaxy
420:(and perhaps the
396:stellar formation
302:Henrietta Leavitt
298:Cepheid variables
294:Ejnar Hertzsprung
252:Antonio Pigafetta
97:Magellanic spiral
52:Magellanic system
48:Magellanic Clouds
2310:
2275:
2274:
2273:
2263:
2262:
2261:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2239:
2238:
2230:
2212:
2211:
2204:Astronomy portal
2202:
1996:Canes Venatici I
1936:
1935:
1841:Scutum–Centaurus
1769:
1768:
1747:
1745:
1736:
1729:
1722:
1715:
1709:
1703:
1697:
1690:
1666:
1659:
1652:
1643:
1642:
1616:Michael Zeilik,
1597:
1590:
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1571:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1534:
1533:
1519:
1513:
1512:
1501:
1495:
1492:
1486:
1470:
1464:
1455:
1449:
1448:
1443:. Archived from
1433:
1427:
1426:
1412:
1406:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1390:
1384:
1373:
1367:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1323:
1321:astro-ph/0608211
1314:(2): 1133–1149.
1303:
1297:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1266:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1240:
1234:
1233:
1231:
1229:
1208:
1202:
1192:
1186:
1185:
1167:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1133:
1127:
1124:See pp. 225-226.
1123:
1079:
1073:
1058:
1034:
1028:
1014:
1012:
988:
982:
981:
971:
965:
944:
938:
921:
909:
903:
886:
880:
861:
855:
843:
837:
798:
792:
752:
746:
745:
743:
741:
731:
725:
724:
722:
720:
710:
704:
703:
701:
699:
690:. Archived from
684:
678:
677:
648:
639:
638:
636:
635:
621:
615:
614:
604:
594:
568:
562:
561:
559:
557:
541:
515:Irregular galaxy
482:
467:
451:
418:Andromeda Galaxy
181:, the people of
2318:
2317:
2313:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2308:
2307:
2283:
2282:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2259:
2257:
2247:
2245:
2233:
2225:
2223:
2218:
2190:
2166:Alternate names
2150:
1962:
1930:
1919:
1869:Aquarius Stream
1855:
1807:
1773:Galactic Center
1760:
1748:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1734:
1727:
1720:
1713:
1707:
1701:
1695:
1688:
1675:
1670:
1627:
1611:Astronomy Today
1606:
1601:
1600:
1591:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1544:
1540:
1531:
1529:
1521:
1520:
1516:
1503:
1502:
1498:
1493:
1489:
1480:Wayback Machine
1471:
1467:
1456:
1452:
1435:
1434:
1430:
1413:
1409:
1399:
1397:
1392:
1391:
1387:
1374:
1370:
1357:
1353:
1304:
1300:
1290:
1288:
1268:
1267:
1263:
1253:
1251:
1241:
1237:
1227:
1225:
1209:
1205:
1193:
1189:
1182:
1168:
1164:
1134:
1130:
1106:(13): 219–226.
1080:
1076:
1035:
1031:
989:
985:
972:
968:
962:Wayback Machine
945:
941:
910:
906:
900:Wayback Machine
887:
883:
862:
858:
844:
840:
799:
795:
753:
749:
739:
737:
733:
732:
728:
718:
716:
712:
711:
707:
697:
695:
694:on 24 July 2017
686:
685:
681:
649:
642:
633:
631:
623:
622:
618:
569:
565:
555:
553:
543:
542:
538:
533:
506:
497:
490:
483:
474:
468:
459:
452:
315:
313:Characteristics
141:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2316:
2306:
2305:
2300:
2295:
2280:
2279:
2267:
2255:
2243:
2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2206:
2195:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2178:
2176:Baade's Window
2173:
2168:
2162:
2160:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2149:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2131:Ursa Major III
2128:
2123:
2118:
2113:
2108:
2103:
2098:
2093:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2016:Coma Berenices
2013:
2008:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1964:
1963:
1961:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1944:
1942:
1933:
1925:
1924:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1896:
1894:Monoceros Ring
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1863:
1857:
1856:
1854:
1853:
1848:
1846:Near 3 kpc Arm
1843:
1838:
1833:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1815:
1809:
1808:
1806:
1805:
1800:
1795:
1794:
1793:
1786:Sagittarius A*
1783:
1777:
1775:
1766:
1762:
1761:
1751:
1749:
1683:
1681:
1677:
1676:
1669:
1668:
1661:
1654:
1646:
1640:
1639:
1633:
1626:
1625:External links
1623:
1622:
1621:
1614:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1585:
1573:
1568:10.1086/163932
1538:
1514:
1496:
1487:
1483:Aa.springer.de
1465:
1450:
1428:
1407:
1385:
1368:
1351:
1338:10.1086/508530
1298:
1261:
1235:
1203:
1187:
1180:
1162:
1155:10.1086/142423
1128:
1126:
1125:
1074:
1029:
1003:(7): 257–264.
983:
966:
939:
935:Le Petit Nuage
931:Le Grand Nuage
904:
893:, pl. Aaa (49)
881:
877:Nubecula minor
873:Nubecula major
869:Star chart 49.
856:
838:
836:
835:
825:
793:
791:
790:
780:
766:
747:
726:
705:
679:
672:Inc. pp.
640:
629:astro.wisc.edu
616:
585:(1): 918–938.
563:
535:
534:
532:
529:
528:
527:
522:
517:
512:
505:
502:
496:
493:
492:
491:
484:
477:
475:
469:
462:
460:
453:
446:
429:Price-Whelan 1
314:
311:
306:Harlow Shapley
300:in the SMC by
290:Cleveland Abbe
282:le Petit Nuage
278:le Grand Nuage
270:nubecula minor
266:nubecula major
248:Andrea Corsali
140:
137:
125:
124:
118:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2315:
2304:
2301:
2299:
2296:
2294:
2291:
2290:
2288:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2256:
2254:
2244:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2215:
2207:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2163:
2161:
2157:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2126:Ursa Major II
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2116:Triangulum II
2114:
2112:
2109:
2107:
2104:
2102:
2099:
2097:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
1999:
1997:
1994:
1992:
1989:
1987:
1984:
1982:
1979:
1977:
1974:
1973:
1971:
1969:
1965:
1959:
1956:
1954:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1926:
1916:
1913:
1911:
1908:
1906:
1903:
1900:
1897:
1895:
1892:
1890:
1887:
1885:
1882:
1880:
1877:
1875:
1872:
1870:
1867:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1858:
1852:
1851:Far 3 kpc Arm
1849:
1847:
1844:
1842:
1839:
1837:
1834:
1832:
1829:
1827:
1824:
1822:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1814:
1810:
1804:
1801:
1799:
1796:
1792:
1791:Fermi bubbles
1789:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1781:Sagittarius A
1779:
1778:
1776:
1774:
1770:
1767:
1763:
1755:
1739:
1732:
1725:
1718:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1682:
1678:
1674:
1667:
1662:
1660:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1637:
1634:
1632:
1629:
1628:
1619:
1615:
1612:
1608:
1607:
1595:
1589:
1582:
1577:
1569:
1565:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1542:
1528:
1524:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1500:
1491:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1474:
1469:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1446:
1442:
1441:www.mq.edu.au
1438:
1432:
1424:
1420:
1419:
1411:
1395:
1389:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1365:
1361:
1355:
1347:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1302:
1287:
1283:
1279:
1275:
1271:
1265:
1250:
1246:
1239:
1224:
1220:
1219:
1214:
1207:
1200:
1196:
1191:
1183:
1177:
1173:
1166:
1156:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1109:
1105:
1102:(in German).
1101:
1097:
1091:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1078:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1045:(in German).
1044:
1040:
1033:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1011:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
987:
979:
978:
970:
963:
959:
956:
954:
950:
943:
936:
932:
928:
927:
919:
915:
908:
901:
897:
894:
892:
885:
878:
874:
870:
866:
860:
852:
848:
842:
834:
830:
826:
823:
818:
814:
810:
809:
807:
803:
797:
789:
785:
781:
779:
775:
771:
767:
764:
760:
756:
755:
751:
736:
730:
715:
709:
693:
689:
683:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:
653:
647:
645:
630:
626:
620:
612:
608:
603:
598:
593:
588:
584:
580:
579:
574:
567:
552:
551:
546:
540:
536:
526:
523:
521:
518:
516:
513:
511:
508:
507:
501:
488:
481:
476:
472:
466:
461:
457:
450:
445:
444:
443:
440:
436:
435:
430:
425:
423:
419:
415:
410:
408:
404:
399:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
372:
370:
369:galactic disk
366:
362:
357:
351:
349:
343:
340:
336:
332:
328:
324:
320:
310:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
286:John Herschel
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
262:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
236:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
201:
196:
190:
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
167:
165:
161:
157:
154:
150:
146:
136:
134:
130:
122:
119:
116:
112:
108:
105:
104:
103:
100:
98:
94:
93:bar structure
90:
86:
82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:
61:
57:
53:
49:
40:
34:
29:
21:
2277:Solar System
2181:In mythology
2121:Ursa Major I
2086:Reticulum II
1939:
1915:Virgo Stream
1884:Helmi stream
1879:Gaia Sausage
1831:Orion–Cygnus
1826:Norma–Cygnus
1742:Each arrow (
1617:
1610:
1588:
1576:
1551:
1547:
1541:
1530:. Retrieved
1526:
1517:
1499:
1490:
1482:
1468:
1460:
1453:
1445:the original
1440:
1431:
1422:
1416:
1410:
1398:. Retrieved
1388:
1380:
1371:
1363:
1354:
1311:
1307:
1301:
1273:
1264:
1252:. Retrieved
1248:
1238:
1226:. Retrieved
1218:The Observer
1216:
1206:
1190:
1171:
1165:
1145:
1141:
1131:
1103:
1099:
1086:
1077:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1046:
1042:
1032:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1000:
996:
986:
976:
969:
952:
948:
942:
934:
930:
925:
917:
907:
890:
884:
876:
872:
864:
859:
846:
841:
828:
812:
806:Richard Eden
796:
784:De Orbe Novo
783:
778:pp. 340–341.
773:
758:
750:
738:. Retrieved
729:
717:. Retrieved
708:
696:. Retrieved
692:the original
682:
664: ed.).
656:
652:Allen, R. H.
632:. Retrieved
628:
619:
582:
576:
566:
554:. Retrieved
548:
539:
498:
433:
426:
411:
400:
373:
352:
344:
316:
281:
277:
269:
265:
259:
237:
224:
198:
192:
186:
172:
169:
159:
156:Ibn Qutaybah
142:
126:
101:
55:
51:
47:
45:
2298:Local Group
2265:Outer space
2253:Spaceflight
2031:Eridanus II
2006:Canis Major
1705:Local Sheet
1699:Local Group
1254:12 November
1228:12 November
1160:See p. 155.
1148:: 154–181.
891:Uranometria
865:Uranometria
439:metallicity
384:metallicity
335:light-years
261:Uranometria
145:petroglyphs
89:Local Group
2287:Categories
2136:Ursa Minor
1991:Boötes III
1724:Local Hole
1532:2020-01-09
1289:Retrieved
1023:, the two
1021:Via Lactea
1017:Via Lactea
955:pour 1752.
854:dimmed..."
634:2022-06-14
592:1901.05636
531:References
390:and young
223:call them
205:Argo Navis
185:call them
173:And below
166:culture):
99:galaxies.
58:) are two
2146:Willman 1
2081:Pisces II
1986:Boötes II
1976:Antlia II
1929:Satellite
1899:Palomar 5
1765:Structure
1685:Milky Way
1673:Milky Way
1596:arxiv.org
1425:(6): 118.
1400:29 August
1291:29 August
1249:Space.com
1089:no. 173.
1025:Nubeculae
822:astrolabe
770:E.C. Otte
611:0035-8711
487:Gaia EDR3
414:Milky Way
403:supernova
398:history.
327:Milky Way
160:Al-Anwā̵’
113:(50
78:Milky Way
60:irregular
2214:Category
2106:Sculptor
2041:Hercules
2021:Crater 2
1981:Boötes I
1931:galaxies
1738:Universe
1680:Location
1476:Archived
1346:15728812
958:Archived
922:See the
896:Archived
666:New York
654:(1963).
504:See also
407:SN 1987A
363:. Their
348:NGC 3109
342:across.
274:Lacaille
225:al-Baqar
187:al-a‘bār
153:polymath
83:, these
74:Orbiting
66:galaxies
2227:Portals
2159:Related
2141:Virgo I
2111:Sextans
2101:Segue 2
2096:Segue 1
2071:Phoenix
1836:Perseus
1604:Sources
1556:Bibcode
1554:: 664.
1326:Bibcode
1282:Bibcode
1108:Bibcode
1051:Bibcode
924:plate (
833:p. 118.
817:p. 279.
763:p. 217.
719:22 July
674:294–295
662:Reprint
556:3 April
388:nebulae
365:gravity
229:Ptolemy
209:Canopus
195:Al Sufi
175:Canopus
139:History
68:in the
2056:Leo IV
2051:Leo II
2036:Fornax
2011:Carina
1968:Dwarfs
1901:stream
1733:
1726:
1719:
1694:
1687:
1383:, 2010
1366:, 2010
1344:
1178:
851:p. 66.
740:22 Feb
609:
473:(SMC).
458:(LMC).
431:using
376:helium
240:Europe
227:, and
221:Tihama
193:Later
183:Tihama
117:) away
81:galaxy
2241:Stars
2066:Leo T
2061:Leo V
2046:Leo I
2026:Draco
1342:S2CID
1316:arXiv
698:4 Sep
587:arXiv
380:stars
356:tidal
149:Chile
63:dwarf
1861:Halo
1813:Disk
1402:2010
1293:2010
1256:2023
1230:2023
1176:ISBN
742:2017
721:2011
700:2017
607:ISSN
558:2013
454:The
434:Gaia
317:The
280:and
268:and
246:and
217:Najd
215:nor
213:Iraq
179:Iraq
76:the
46:The
1564:doi
1552:301
1423:220
1334:doi
1312:652
1150:doi
1116:doi
1104:192
1047:196
1005:doi
597:doi
583:488
550:ESO
238:In
115:kpc
111:kly
54:or
2289::
1562:.
1550:.
1525:.
1507:.
1439:.
1421:.
1379:,
1362:,
1340:.
1332:.
1324:.
1310:.
1276:.
1272:.
1247:.
1221:.
1215:.
1146:48
1144:.
1140:.
1114:.
1085:.
1001:27
999:.
995:.
951:,
668::
643:^
627:.
605:.
595:.
581:.
575:.
547:.
371:.
135:.
72:.
2229::
1744:→
1735:→
1728:→
1721:→
1714:→
1708:→
1702:→
1696:→
1689:→
1665:e
1658:t
1651:v
1570:.
1566::
1558::
1535:.
1404:.
1348:.
1336::
1328::
1318::
1295:.
1284::
1258:.
1232:.
1184:.
1158:.
1152::
1122:.
1118::
1110::
1070:p
1066:p
1062:p
1057:.
1053::
1013:.
1007::
744:.
723:.
702:.
676:.
660:(
637:.
613:.
599::
589::
560:.
405:(
331:°
189:.
50:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
