1142:
668:
2547:
2042:
606:
113:
2150:
139:
595:
2535:
702:, the Dutch gained control of the eastern half of Madura in 1705. Dutch recognition of Puger was influenced by the lord of West Madura, Cakraningrat II who is thought to have supported Puger's claims in the hope that a new war in central Java would provide the Madurese with a chance to interfere. However, while Amangkurat was arrested and exiled to Ceylon, Puger took the title of
1156:, the soil is not fertile enough to make it a major agricultural producer. Limited economic opportunities have led to chronic unemployment and poverty. These factors have led to long-term emigration from the island, such that most ethnically Madurese people do not now live on Madura. People from Madura were some of the most numerous participants in government
1130:) and the Giligenteng Islands to the southeast of Madura. The mainland (i.e. the area on Madura Island itself) covers 1,156.07 km (with 808,553 inhabitants in mid 2023) consisting of 18 districts, while the various islands are 937.40 km in area (with 333,657 people in mid 2023), comprising 9 districts, with 128 islands, 46 inhabited.
2091:, is the Madurese performance artist best known outside the island, due to its role as a representative Madurese art form at exhibitions of regional cultures from all over Indonesia. However, performances of it are rare on Madura and are generally restricted to entertainment at large official functions. The less formal
2188:
The
Philippine Islands, 1493-1803 : explorations by early navigators, descriptions of the islands and their peoples, their history and records of the Catholic missions, as related in contemporaneous books and manuscripts, showing the political, economic, commercial and religious conditions of
725:
The Dutch continued Madura's administrative divisions of four states each with their own regent. The island was initially important as a source of colonial troops and in the second half of the nineteenth century it became the main source of salt for Dutch-controlled territories in the archipelago.
384:. The island comprises an area of approximately 4,436.77 square kilometres (1,713.05 sq mi) (administratively 5,374.17 square kilometres (2,074.98 sq mi) including various smaller islands to the east, southeast and north that are administratively part of Madura's easternmost
1175:-raising is also a critical part of the agricultural economy, providing extra income to peasant farmer families, in addition to being the basis for Madura's famous bull-racing competitions. Small-scale fishing is also important to the subsistence economy.
709:
The
Cakraningrats agreed to help the Dutch quash the 1740 rebellion in Central Java after the Chinese massacre in 1740. In a 1743 treaty with the Dutch, Pakubuwono I ceded the full sovereignty of Madura to the Dutch, which was contested by
2102:
orchestra, best known as a classical
Javanese instrument, is also played on Madura, where several of the former royal courts, such as at Bangkalan and Sumenep, possess elaborate gamelans.
396:. The administered area had a density of 755.6 people per km (1,957 per sq. mile) in mid-2023, while the main island had a somewhat higher figure of 840 per km (2,175.5 per sq. mile).
2075:
Several forms of music and theatre are popular on Madura, particularly among lower-class people for whom they provide an inexpensive form of entertainment and community-building. The
913:
443:
1214:, Indonesia's second-largest city, and hence has gained a role as a suburb for commuters to Surabaya, and as a location for industry and services that need to be near the city.
2291:
854:
The
Madurese are a large ethnic population in Indonesia, numbering around 7 million inhabitants. They come from the island of Madura as well as surrounding islands, such as
1182:
farming is a major contributor to the island's economy. Madura's soil, while unable to support many food crops, helps make the island an important producer of tobacco and
2245:
634:
684:
405:
855:
908:
minority. However, since 2012, interfaith discord has escalated violent, resulting in attacks on many Shia villages around the city of
2372:
2299:
1110:
Note: Sumenep
Regency, besides including the eastern quarter of Madura Island, also includes many offshore islands - notably the
2586:
2106:
music, more exclusive to Madura, is played on several wooden or bamboo drums, and often accompanies bull-racing competitions.
2502:
2469:
The Hague: M. Nijhoff. Bibliographical series (Koninklijk
Instituut voor Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde (Netherlands)) ; 9.
726:
The Dutch gradually sidelined the Sultan and took over direct control of the entire island in the 1880s, governing it as the
687:, a single princely line. The Cakraningrat family opposed Central Javanese rule and often conquered large parts of Mataram.
2114:
The
Madurese are considered to be excellent sailors. Madurese vessels loaded with cargoes of wood from other islands, like
627:
166:
746:
Madura Island is a relatively flat topography and there is no significant difference in elevation, which makes Madura a
515:
562:
2481:
2459:
2423:
2566:
718:, took refuge with the British, was robbed and betrayed by the sultan, and captured by the Dutch and exiled to the
691:
2017:
1650:
2242:
2095:
theatre, where performers do not wear masks and perform a wider range of themes, is more popular on the island.
2576:
2394:
620:
426:
1221:, opened in 2009, is expected to further increase the Bangkalan area's interaction with the regional economy.
768:<div style="border:solid transparent;background-color:initial;position:absolute;width:100px;line-height:0;
2581:
1141:
17:
2189:
those peoples from their earliest relations with
European nations to the beginning of the nineteenth century
501:
377:
2350:
731:
2269:
2229:
2021:
1654:
2452:
La matière des émotions. Les arts du temps et du spectacle dans la société madouraise (Indonésie).
2539:
2192:
836:
Madura (including its offshore islands) has a population of about four million, most of whom are
758:. The limestone hills in Madura are lower, rougher, and rounder than the hills in northern Java.
38:
2571:
2513:
Time
Allocation Among the Madurese of Gedang-Gedang. Cross-Cultural Studies in Time Allocation,
1157:
848:
2187:
434:
409:
201:
483:
8:
925:
346:
97:
57:
2135:
667:
2591:
1007:
851:, which is also spoken in part of eastern Java and on many of the 66 outlying islands.
827:
570:
468:
2522:
2498:
2477:
2455:
2419:
1590:
1245:
1207:
1203:
1193:
1152:
On the whole, Madura is one of the poorest regions of the East Java province. Unlike
1123:
1029:
975:
844:
727:
719:
680:
458:
354:
326:
66:
924:
Madura Island is part of East Java province and is divided into the following four
610:
533:
463:
2492:
2454:
Publications de l'École Française d'Extrême-Orient, vol. 172. Paris : EFEO.
2329:
1669:
1218:
1111:
1056:
1002:
867:
840:
735:
711:
599:
575:
538:
496:
385:
373:
306:
81:
2550:
2488:
2155:
1119:
1115:
1061:
909:
799:
699:
695:
154:
2560:
2249:
1936:
1516:
912:
being attacked and the residents' escape for government refugee centers. The
528:
491:
417:
393:
362:
181:
168:
2055:
2041:
1210:
substantially since the 1980s. This region is within a short ferry ride of
823:
703:
676:
523:
442:
365:
75:
2546:
2467:
Madura and surrounding islands : an annotated bibliography, 1860-1942
2321:
882:. Madurese are found in Situbondo and Bondowoso, and east of Probolinggo,
2088:
1164:
863:
715:
1127:
879:
789:
543:
413:
330:
2515:
Volume XIII. New Haven, Connecticut: Human
Relations Area Files Press.
2063:, usually a young boy, rides a simple wooden sled pulled by a pair of
2472:
Kees van Dijk, Huub de Jonge, and Elly Touwen-Bouswsma, eds. (1995).
2446:(Thesis) (in Indonesian). Surabaya: Islamic Institute of Sunan Ampel.
2441:
2127:
2119:
1673:
1253:
1249:
1234:
1034:
980:
871:
837:
751:
548:
389:
318:
275:
265:
124:
1171:
is a key subsistence crop, on the island's many small landholdings.
683:
conquered Madura, and the island's government was brought under the
112:
2131:
2084:
1211:
887:
875:
819:
809:
747:
706:
and signed a treaty with the Dutch that granted them, East Madura.
652:
914:
United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
2149:
2123:
2099:
2046:
1233:, which make the island is warmer and drier than the mainland of
1230:
1179:
648:
138:
31:
2534:
2115:
2060:
1188:
1172:
901:
891:
883:
859:
656:
2520:
Bibliography of Madura (including Bawean, Sapudi and Kangean).
2210:
2186:
Ed. Emma Helen Blair and James Alexander Robertson, 1903-09,
2067:
over a course of about 100 meters in ten to fifteen seconds.
1183:
1168:
898:
779:
734:, Madura was administered as a federative state known as the
2169:
2167:
1196:, the island has also been a major producer and exporter of
2080:
2064:
1197:
1153:
1145:
905:
755:
580:
381:
2164:
2053:
Madura is famous for its bull-racing competition (called
870:. In addition, many Madurese live in the eastern part of
2474:
Across Madura Strait: the dynamics of an insular society
2254:
886:, and a few at most who speak Javanese, including North
388:). Administratively, Madura is part of the province of
1229:
Almost all parts of Madura are lowlands and closer to
2198:
2145:
2173:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024,
1118:lying between Madura and the Kangean Islands, and
2439:
2216:
2558:
2118:, used to ply their trade between Indonesia and
89:
2298:(in Indonesian). Jawa Pos Group. Archived from
1637:Source 1: Climate-Data.org (temp & precip)
750:. Geologically, Madura is part of the northern
2292:"4 Kabupaten di Madura Masuk Daerah Termiskin"
916:has provided details of such attacks in 2013.
2443:Ekspansi Mataram terhadap Surabaya Abad ke-17
2009:Source: Climate-Data.org (temp & precip)
1122:closer to Madura; it also includes the small
628:
406:History of Indian influence on Southeast Asia
2322:"Kondisi geografi dan iklim Sampang, Madura"
2270:2010 Population Census – Jawa Timur Province
2122:. Traditional vessels of Madura include the
2083:performances of classic stories such as the
2289:
919:
227:5,374.17 km (2,074.98 sq mi)
2494:A History of Modern Indonesia Since C.1200
635:
621:
392:. It is separated from Java by the narrow
137:
111:
2487:
2204:
2040:
1206:, on the western end of the island, has
1140:
874:, commonly called the "Horseshoe", from
666:
14:
2559:
2497:. Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 46–48.
1192:(clove cigarette) industry. Since the
1160:, moving to other parts of Indonesia.
2280:Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
1676:(elevation 337 meters or 1,106 feet)
2260:Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
2070:
2018:Köppen-Geiger climate classification
1651:Köppen-Geiger climate classification
2395:"Climate: Payudan Nangger, Sumenep"
1653:, the climate of coastal Madura is
1114:to the east of Madura, the smaller
24:
2180:
2175:Kabupaten Sumenep Dalam Angka 2024
2020:, the climate of inland Madura is
1668:Climate data for Payudan Nangger,
25:
2603:
2527:
1642:Source 2: Weatherbase (humidity)
1256:(elevation 15 meters or 49 feet)
1219:Surabaya-Madura (Suramadu) Bridge
1126:to the north (between Madura and
843:. The main language of Madura is
772:Religion in Madura Island (2023)
2545:
2533:
2148:
692:First Javanese War of Succession
604:
593:
484:History of Hinduism in Indonesia
441:
2433:
2409:
2387:
2365:
2343:
2328:(in Indonesian). Government of
2314:
2283:
730:. From 1948 to 1950, under the
2274:
2263:
2236:
2222:
2036:
1167:is a mainstay of the economy.
380:off the northeastern coast of
13:
1:
2587:Populated places in Indonesia
2141:
761:
290:4,060,713 (mid 2023 estimate)
2553:travel guide from Wikivoyage
2326:Pemerintah Kabupaten Sampang
2290:JawaPos.com (18 July 2017).
928:, listed from west to east:
741:
502:Spread of Islam in Indonesia
399:
7:
1865:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1725:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1445:Mean daily minimum °C (°F)
1305:Mean daily maximum °C (°F)
1103:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1041:
1038:
1023:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1011:
996:
993:
990:
987:
984:
516:Hindu kingdoms in Indonesia
10:
2608:
2440:Akhmad Saiful Ali (1994).
2177:(Katalog-BPS 1102001.3529)
2109:
2031:
2008:
1667:
1641:
1636:
1243:
1224:
1136:
732:United States of Indonesia
671:Madura Island in Indonesia
662:
563:Hindu temples in Indonesia
403:
298:755.6/km (1957/sq mi)
36:
29:
1934:
1864:
1794:
1724:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1707:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1695:
1692:
1689:
1686:
1683:
1680:
1588:
1514:
1444:
1374:
1304:
1299:
1296:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1284:
1281:
1278:
1275:
1272:
1269:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1178:Among export industries,
369:
317:
312:
302:
294:
286:
281:
271:
261:
252:
247:
239:
235:500 m (1600 ft)
231:
223:
215:
207:
197:
160:
150:
145:
136:
110:
71:
51:
2079:theatre, which involves
1148:making in Madura in 1948
920:Administrative divisions
30:Not to be confused with
2567:Sanskrit-language names
2476:. Leiden: KITLV Press.
2450:Bouvier, Hélène (1994)
2296:radarmadura.jawapos.com
2230:"Religion in Indonesia"
2193:Arthur H. Clark Company
1158:transmigration programs
714:. Cakraningrat fled to
39:Madura (disambiguation)
2373:"Pamekasan, Indonesia"
2217:Akhmad Saiful Ali 1994
2195:, Volumes 34-35 p.169.
2050:
1149:
849:Austronesian languages
672:
539:Mataram/Medang Kingdom
313:Additional information
232:Highest elevation
123:Location of Madura in
117:Topography of Madura (
90:
2577:Greater Sunda Islands
2491:(11 September 2008).
2415:Clifford W. Hawkins,
2243:BPS Kabupaten Sumenep
2044:
1144:
904:majority and a large
890:, as well as some of
847:, one of a family of
670:
435:Hinduism in Indonesia
410:Hinduism in Indonesia
202:Greater Sunda Islands
182:7.06000°S 113.40000°E
2582:Islands of Indonesia
2542:at Wikimedia Commons
2518:Smith, Glenn (2002)
2511:Smith, Glenn (1995)
2351:"Climate: Pamekasan"
647:Madura is named for
611:Indonesia portal
471:identified as Hindus
376:: ꦥꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦩꦢꦸꦫ) is an
37:For other uses, see
1795:Daily mean °C (°F)
1375:Daily mean °C (°F)
651:, the home of the
600:Hinduism portal
187:-7.06000; 113.40000
178: /
48:
27:Island in Indonesia
2417:Praus of Indonesia
2397:. Climate-Data.org
2353:. Climate-Data.org
2130:(or leteh-leteh),
2051:
1150:
830:and Others (0.00%)
828:Aliran Kepercayaan
673:
469:Aliran Kepercayaan
272:Largest settlement
240:Highest point
46:
2538:Media related to
2504:978-1-137-05201-8
2465:Farjon, I.(1980)
2302:on 20 August 2020
2071:Music and theatre
2022:tropical savannah
2013:
2012:
1655:tropical savannah
1646:
1645:
1591:relative humidity
1244:Climate data for
1186:for the domestic
1124:Masalembu Islands
1108:
1107:
1030:Pamekasan Regency
976:Bangkalan Regency
728:Madoera Residency
720:Cape of Good Hope
645:
644:
464:Javanese Hinduism
459:Balinese Hinduism
378:Indonesian island
340:
339:
104:"The Salt Island"
16:(Redirected from
2599:
2549:
2537:
2508:
2447:
2427:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2404:
2402:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2369:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2347:
2341:
2340:
2338:
2336:
2318:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2307:
2287:
2281:
2278:
2272:
2267:
2261:
2258:
2252:
2240:
2234:
2233:
2226:
2220:
2214:
2208:
2202:
2196:
2184:
2178:
2171:
2158:
2153:
2152:
1665:
1664:
1241:
1240:
931:
930:
878:to the north of
817:
807:
797:
787:
777:
637:
630:
623:
609:
608:
607:
598:
597:
596:
534:Kalingga Kingdom
492:Indian Influence
445:
422:
421:
371:
193:
192:
190:
189:
188:
183:
179:
176:
175:
174:
171:
141:
115:
105:
101:
93:
73:
49:
45:
21:
2607:
2606:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2597:
2596:
2557:
2556:
2530:
2505:
2436:
2431:
2430:
2426:/ 0-333-31810-2
2414:
2410:
2400:
2398:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2371:
2370:
2366:
2356:
2354:
2349:
2348:
2344:
2334:
2332:
2320:
2319:
2315:
2305:
2303:
2288:
2284:
2279:
2275:
2268:
2264:
2259:
2255:
2241:
2237:
2228:
2227:
2223:
2215:
2211:
2203:
2199:
2185:
2181:
2172:
2165:
2154:
2147:
2144:
2112:
2073:
2045:Bull racing in
2039:
2034:
2014:
2003:
1998:
1993:
1988:
1983:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1929:
1924:
1919:
1914:
1909:
1904:
1899:
1894:
1889:
1884:
1879:
1874:
1869:
1859:
1854:
1849:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1647:
1583:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1479:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1439:
1434:
1429:
1424:
1419:
1414:
1409:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1389:
1384:
1379:
1369:
1364:
1359:
1354:
1349:
1344:
1339:
1334:
1329:
1324:
1319:
1314:
1309:
1227:
1139:
1133:
1112:Kangean Islands
1057:Sumenep Regency
1003:Sampang Regency
969:
967:
962:
960:
955:
953:
948:
946:
941:
922:
868:Kangean Islands
834:
833:
832:
831:
815:
813:
805:
803:
795:
793:
785:
783:
775:
769:
764:
744:
736:State of Madura
712:Cakraningrat IV
698:and his uncle,
665:
641:
605:
603:
594:
592:
587:
586:
585:
565:
555:
554:
553:
518:
508:
507:
506:
497:Sanskritisation
486:
476:
475:
474:
453:
420:
402:
386:Sumenep Regency
336:
257:
219:Madura, Kangean
186:
184:
180:
177:
172:
169:
167:
165:
164:
132:
122:
106:
103:
102:
95:
86:
85:
79:
70:
61:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2605:
2595:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2555:
2554:
2543:
2529:
2528:External links
2526:
2525:
2524:
2516:
2509:
2503:
2489:Ricklefs, M.C.
2485:
2470:
2463:
2448:
2435:
2432:
2429:
2428:
2408:
2386:
2364:
2342:
2313:
2282:
2273:
2262:
2253:
2248:2013-01-07 at
2235:
2221:
2209:
2197:
2179:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2156:Islands portal
2143:
2140:
2111:
2108:
2072:
2069:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2011:
2010:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1841:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1776:
1771:
1766:
1761:
1756:
1751:
1746:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1726:
1722:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1709:
1706:
1703:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1663:
1644:
1643:
1639:
1638:
1634:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1624:
1621:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1609:
1606:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1594:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1570:
1565:
1560:
1555:
1550:
1545:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1525:
1520:
1512:
1511:
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1451:
1446:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1372:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1280:
1277:
1274:
1271:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1258:
1257:
1239:
1226:
1223:
1208:industrialized
1138:
1135:
1120:Talango Island
1116:Sapudi Islands
1106:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1088:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1067:
1064:
1059:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1032:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1005:
999:
998:
995:
992:
989:
986:
983:
978:
972:
971:
964:
957:
950:
943:
938:
935:
921:
918:
814:
804:
800:Roman Catholic
794:
784:
774:
770:
767:
766:
765:
763:
760:
743:
740:
700:Pangeran Puger
696:Amangkurat III
690:Following the
664:
661:
643:
642:
640:
639:
632:
625:
617:
614:
613:
589:
588:
584:
583:
578:
573:
567:
566:
561:
560:
557:
556:
552:
551:
546:
541:
536:
531:
526:
520:
519:
514:
513:
510:
509:
505:
504:
499:
494:
488:
487:
482:
481:
478:
477:
473:
472:
466:
461:
455:
454:
451:
450:
447:
446:
438:
437:
431:
430:
401:
398:
370:ڤولو مادْوراْ
338:
337:
335:
334:
323:
321:
315:
314:
310:
309:
304:
300:
299:
296:
292:
291:
288:
284:
283:
279:
278:
273:
269:
268:
263:
259:
258:
253:
250:
249:
248:Administration
245:
244:
241:
237:
236:
233:
229:
228:
225:
221:
220:
217:
213:
212:
209:
205:
204:
199:
195:
194:
162:
158:
157:
155:Southeast Asia
152:
148:
147:
143:
142:
134:
133:
116:
108:
107:
87:
72:ڤولو مادْوراْ
52:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2604:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2572:Madura Island
2570:
2568:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2552:
2548:
2544:
2541:
2536:
2532:
2531:
2523:
2521:
2517:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2500:
2496:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2483:
2482:90-6718-091-2
2479:
2475:
2471:
2468:
2464:
2461:
2460:2-85539-772-3
2457:
2453:
2449:
2445:
2444:
2438:
2437:
2425:
2424:0-333-31810-2
2421:
2418:
2412:
2396:
2390:
2375:. Weatherbase
2374:
2368:
2352:
2346:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2301:
2297:
2293:
2286:
2277:
2271:
2266:
2257:
2251:
2250:archive.today
2247:
2244:
2239:
2231:
2225:
2219:, p. 62.
2218:
2213:
2207:, p. 47.
2206:
2205:Ricklefs 2008
2201:
2194:
2190:
2183:
2176:
2170:
2168:
2163:
2157:
2151:
2146:
2139:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2068:
2066:
2062:
2058:
2057:
2048:
2043:
2029:
2027:
2023:
2019:
2016:According to
2007:
2001:
1996:
1991:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1961:
1956:
1951:
1946:
1941:
1938:
1937:precipitation
1933:
1927:
1922:
1917:
1912:
1907:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1877:
1872:
1867:
1863:
1857:
1852:
1847:
1842:
1837:
1832:
1827:
1822:
1817:
1812:
1807:
1802:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1757:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1737:
1732:
1727:
1723:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1666:
1662:
1660:
1656:
1652:
1649:According to
1640:
1635:
1631:
1628:
1625:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1610:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1587:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1566:
1561:
1556:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1518:
1517:precipitation
1513:
1507:
1502:
1497:
1492:
1487:
1482:
1477:
1472:
1467:
1462:
1457:
1452:
1447:
1443:
1437:
1432:
1427:
1422:
1417:
1412:
1407:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1373:
1367:
1362:
1357:
1352:
1347:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1327:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1307:
1303:
1259:
1255:
1251:
1247:
1242:
1238:
1236:
1232:
1222:
1220:
1215:
1213:
1209:
1205:
1201:
1199:
1195:
1191:
1190:
1185:
1181:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1161:
1159:
1155:
1147:
1143:
1134:
1131:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1113:
1089:
1087:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1027:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1001:
1000:
982:
979:
977:
974:
973:
965:
958:
951:
944:
939:
936:
933:
932:
929:
927:
917:
915:
911:
907:
903:
900:
897:Madura has a
895:
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
852:
850:
846:
842:
839:
829:
825:
821:
811:
801:
791:
781:
773:
759:
757:
754:mountains of
753:
749:
739:
737:
733:
729:
723:
721:
717:
713:
707:
705:
701:
697:
693:
688:
686:
685:Cakraningrats
682:
678:
669:
660:
658:
654:
650:
638:
633:
631:
626:
624:
619:
618:
616:
615:
612:
601:
591:
590:
582:
579:
577:
574:
572:
569:
568:
564:
559:
558:
550:
547:
545:
542:
540:
537:
535:
532:
530:
529:Sunda Kingdom
527:
525:
522:
521:
517:
512:
511:
503:
500:
498:
495:
493:
490:
489:
485:
480:
479:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
449:
448:
444:
440:
439:
436:
433:
432:
428:
424:
423:
419:
418:Greater India
415:
411:
407:
397:
395:
394:Madura Strait
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
367:
363:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
343:Madura Island
332:
328:
325:
324:
322:
320:
316:
311:
308:
305:
303:Ethnic groups
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
280:
277:
274:
270:
267:
264:
260:
256:
251:
246:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
218:
216:Major islands
214:
210:
208:Total islands
206:
203:
200:
196:
191:
163:
159:
156:
153:
149:
144:
140:
135:
130:
126:
120:
114:
109:
99:
92:
83:
77:
68:
64:
59:
55:
50:
47:Madura Island
44:
40:
33:
19:
18:Madura Island
2519:
2512:
2493:
2473:
2466:
2451:
2442:
2434:Bibliography
2416:
2411:
2399:. Retrieved
2389:
2377:. Retrieved
2367:
2355:. Retrieved
2345:
2333:. Retrieved
2325:
2316:
2304:. Retrieved
2300:the original
2295:
2285:
2276:
2265:
2256:
2238:
2224:
2212:
2200:
2182:
2174:
2113:
2103:
2097:
2092:
2076:
2074:
2056:karapan sapi
2054:
2052:
2025:
2015:
1939:mm (inches)
1658:
1648:
1519:mm (inches)
1228:
1216:
1202:
1187:
1177:
1163:Subsistence
1162:
1151:
1132:
1109:
1084:
1083:
923:
896:
853:
835:
824:Confucianism
771:
745:
724:
708:
704:Pakubuwono I
689:
677:Sultan Agung
674:
646:
524:Tarumanagara
359:Polo Madhurâ
358:
351:Pulau Madura
350:
342:
341:
295:Pop. density
282:Demographics
254:
243:Lanjari Hill
128:
118:
80:ꦥꦺꦴꦭꦺꦴꦩꦢꦸꦫ (
63:Polo Madhurâ
62:
54:Pulau Madura
53:
43:
2089:Mahabharata
2059:), where a
2037:Bull racing
1165:agriculture
966:Population
959:Population
952:Population
945:Population
716:Banjarmasin
198:Archipelago
185: /
173:113°24′00″E
161:Coordinates
91:Pulau Garam
2561:Categories
2142:References
1128:Kalimantan
1104:4,060,713
1078:1,142,210
997:1,047,306
880:Banyuwangi
866:, and the
838:ethnically
790:Protestant
762:Demography
544:Singhasari
452:Variations
414:Indosphere
404:See also:
347:Indonesian
287:Population
170:07°03′36″S
98:Indonesian
88:Nickname:
58:Indonesian
2592:East Java
2401:21 August
2379:21 August
2357:21 August
2335:20 August
2306:20 August
2136:janggolan
2128:leti leti
2120:Singapore
1674:East Java
1254:Indonesia
1250:East Java
1246:Pamekasan
1235:East Java
1204:Bangkalan
1194:Dutch era
1101:4,004,564
1098:3,622,763
1095:3,230,300
1075:1,124,436
1072:1,042,312
1035:Pamekasan
994:1,060,377
981:Bangkalan
970:estimate
926:regencies
872:East Java
856:Gili Raja
752:limestone
742:Geography
675:In 1624,
549:Majapahit
400:Etymology
390:East Java
372:,
331:UTC+07:00
319:Time zone
276:Pamekasan
266:East Java
255:Indonesia
146:Geography
125:East Java
74: (
2246:Archived
2132:lis-alis
2104:Tongtong
2085:Ramayana
2049:, Madura
1935:Average
1589:Average
1515:Average
1212:Surabaya
1092:5,374.17
1066:2,093.47
1051:882,837
1024:988,360
1012:1,228.25
985:1,260.15
968:mid 2023
888:Surabaya
876:Pasuruan
845:Madurese
841:Madurese
820:Hinduism
810:Buddhism
782:(99.89%)
694:between
602:•
427:a series
425:Part of
355:Madurese
307:Madurese
262:Province
151:Location
67:Madurese
2330:Sampang
2124:golekan
2110:Vessels
2100:gamelan
2093:loddrok
2047:Sumenep
2032:Culture
2004:(74.3)
1999:(10.7)
1954:(11.6)
1949:(11.3)
1944:(13.0)
1930:(68.9)
1925:(69.3)
1920:(70.2)
1910:(68.4)
1905:(67.5)
1900:(67.5)
1895:(68.5)
1890:(69.4)
1885:(69.6)
1880:(69.1)
1875:(68.7)
1870:(68.7)
1860:(77.1)
1840:(77.4)
1835:(76.3)
1830:(75.7)
1825:(76.6)
1820:(77.4)
1815:(77.5)
1810:(76.6)
1805:(76.1)
1800:(76.1)
1790:(85.3)
1785:(84.9)
1780:(87.4)
1770:(86.5)
1765:(85.1)
1755:(84.9)
1750:(85.5)
1745:(85.5)
1735:(83.7)
1730:(83.7)
1670:Sumenep
1584:(61.7)
1534:(10.0)
1524:(10.2)
1510:(71.8)
1505:(72.5)
1495:(72.5)
1490:(70.9)
1485:(70.0)
1475:(71.1)
1470:(72.5)
1465:(72.7)
1460:(72.1)
1455:(72.1)
1450:(72.3)
1440:(80.4)
1425:(81.9)
1420:(80.4)
1415:(79.3)
1405:(79.7)
1400:(80.8)
1390:(79.9)
1385:(79.7)
1380:(80.1)
1370:(89.0)
1365:(88.9)
1350:(90.1)
1345:(88.9)
1340:(88.0)
1335:(88.5)
1330:(89.1)
1325:(88.7)
1315:(87.4)
1231:equator
1225:Climate
1180:tobacco
1137:Economy
1069:985,981
1062:Sumenep
1048:850,057
1045:795,918
1042:689,225
1021:969,694
1018:877,772
1015:750,046
1008:Sampang
991:906,761
988:805,048
937:Capital
910:Sampang
812:(0.01%)
802:(0.04%)
792:(0.06%)
748:badland
681:Mataram
663:History
657:Azhagar
649:Madurai
374:Carakan
82:Carakan
32:Madeira
2551:Madura
2540:Madura
2501:
2480:
2458:
2422:
2134:, and
2116:Borneo
2081:masked
2077:topeng
2061:jockey
1994:(6.8)
1989:(2.5)
1984:(0.4)
1979:(0.7)
1974:(1.5)
1969:(2.6)
1964:(4.6)
1959:(8.6)
1681:Month
1579:(9.4)
1574:(4.8)
1569:(1.5)
1564:(0.4)
1559:(0.4)
1554:(1.6)
1549:(2.8)
1544:(4.2)
1539:(7.0)
1529:(9.4)
1261:Month
1189:kretek
1184:cloves
1173:Cattle
1085:Totals
1039:792.30
963:census
956:census
949:census
902:Muslim
892:Malang
884:Jember
860:Sapudi
818:
816:
808:
806:
798:
796:
788:
786:
778:
776:
655:deity
571:Candis
416:, and
94:
2065:bulls
2002:1,888
1915:(70)
1855:(77)
1850:(79)
1845:(79)
1775:(88)
1760:(84)
1740:(84)
1720:Year
1632:78.2
1629:81.2
1626:75.6
1623:72.1
1620:72.2
1617:72.8
1614:74.9
1611:77.5
1608:80.1
1605:80.8
1602:84.2
1599:83.5
1596:82.9
1582:1,573
1500:(73)
1480:(70)
1435:(81)
1430:(82)
1410:(79)
1395:(81)
1360:(91)
1355:(91)
1320:(88)
1310:(88)
1300:Year
1169:Maize
899:Sunni
780:Islam
653:Hindu
366:Pèghu
129:below
119:above
76:Pèghu
2499:ISBN
2478:ISBN
2456:ISBN
2420:ISBN
2403:2020
2381:2020
2359:2020
2337:2020
2308:2020
2098:The
2087:and
1928:20.5
1923:20.7
1918:21.2
1908:20.2
1903:19.7
1898:19.7
1893:20.3
1888:20.8
1883:20.9
1878:20.6
1873:20.4
1868:20.4
1858:25.0
1838:25.2
1833:24.6
1828:24.3
1823:24.8
1818:25.2
1813:25.3
1808:24.8
1803:24.5
1798:24.5
1788:29.6
1783:29.4
1778:30.8
1768:30.3
1763:29.5
1753:29.4
1748:29.7
1743:29.7
1733:28.7
1728:28.7
1717:Dec
1714:Nov
1711:Oct
1708:Sep
1705:Aug
1702:Jul
1699:Jun
1696:May
1693:Apr
1690:Mar
1687:Feb
1684:Jan
1593:(%)
1508:22.1
1503:22.5
1493:22.5
1488:21.6
1483:21.1
1473:21.7
1468:22.5
1463:22.6
1458:22.3
1453:22.3
1448:22.4
1438:26.9
1423:27.7
1418:26.9
1413:26.3
1403:26.5
1398:27.1
1388:26.6
1383:26.5
1378:26.7
1368:31.7
1363:31.6
1348:32.3
1343:31.6
1338:31.1
1333:31.4
1328:31.7
1323:31.5
1313:30.8
1297:Dec
1294:Nov
1291:Oct
1288:Sep
1285:Aug
1282:Jul
1279:Jun
1276:May
1273:Apr
1270:Mar
1267:Feb
1264:Jan
1217:The
1198:salt
1154:Java
1146:Salt
961:2020
954:2010
947:2000
942:(km)
940:Area
934:Name
906:Shia
864:Raas
756:Java
581:Kuil
576:Pura
382:Java
327:IWST
224:Area
2028:).
1997:272
1992:172
1962:116
1957:219
1952:294
1947:288
1942:331
1661:).
1577:239
1572:122
1542:107
1537:179
1532:254
1527:239
1522:260
679:of
211:127
2563::
2324:.
2294:.
2191:,
2166:^
2138:.
2126:,
2026:Aw
1987:63
1982:11
1977:17
1972:39
1967:66
1913:21
1853:25
1848:26
1843:26
1773:31
1758:29
1738:29
1672:,
1659:Aw
1567:38
1562:11
1557:11
1552:41
1547:72
1498:23
1478:21
1433:27
1428:28
1408:26
1393:27
1358:33
1353:33
1318:31
1308:31
1252:,
1248:,
1237:.
1200:.
894:.
862:,
858:,
826:,
822:,
738:.
722:.
659:.
429:on
412:,
408:,
368::
364:,
361:;
357::
353:,
349::
121:)
2507:.
2484:.
2462:.
2405:.
2383:.
2361:.
2339:.
2310:.
2232:.
2024:(
1657:(
636:e
629:t
622:v
345:(
333:)
329:(
131:)
127:(
100:)
96:(
84:)
78:)
69:)
65:(
60:)
56:(
41:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
