21:
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was constructed as a large, purpose-built passenger-and-car liner that provided a safe and comfortable ride for passengers en route to the
Mediterranean via the often-stormy waters of the Bay of Biscay. While she had great success in the first few months in service, it would be short-lived. The
662:
sailed from Miami with 540 passengers on the first three- and four- day cruises to be offered year-round by
Norwegian Caribbean Line between Miami and the Bahamas. An immediate success, Norwegian Caribbean Line led the way with its introduction of a fleet of sleek, new “white ships”:
797:
was not successful as its cabins never filled to full capacity and was operating at a continual loss, thus the joint venture folded within a couple months of operating the ship. Soon she was chartered to
Empress Cruises Ltd., which used her for short cruises from
750:, which she undertook cruises on routes to New Orleans-Cozumel-Belize-Cancun and St. Petersburg-Belize Reef-Cozumel-Roaten-Guanaja. Ocean Quest International eventually chartered the
149:
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vessel. The owners instead continue searching and successfully connected with Royal
Caribbean by rebranding Norwegian Cruise Line Holdings into Norwegian Caribbean Lines.
155:
113:
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would be short-lived. English currency restriction and the border closing between Spain and
Gibraltar defeated the newly built ship's initial purpose.
781:
In
December 1993, the Italian company Fratelli Cosulich, and Havanatours went into a joint venture to sail the 300-passenger ship––now known as the
494:. The ship proved to be such a success that Norwegian Caribbean Line commissioned newer, larger ships for its fleet, ultimately replacing the
802:
until 2003, when she was sold to Indian company Jaisu
Shipping. In 2004, the aging vessel was finally sold off to the breakers for scrap in
161:
143:
626:, a cruise ship, was seized in November 1966 by the Israeli government after its owner, Nili-Somerfin Car Ferries, Ltd., failed to meet
566:
and
Gibraltar, meaning that UK tourists could not get past the border into Spain. Later during the autumn season, representatives from
907:
1153:
849:
True North: A Flickering soul in no man's land; Knut
Utstein Kloster, a father of the $ 20-billion-a-year modern cruise industry
125:
1117:
982:
957:
856:
831:
498:. She was sold to Compangnie Generale Transméditerranéenne in 1973, and later on with several companies. In 2004, the former
707:(SNCM), but was eventually sold to Eastern Gulf, Inc. due to its small size for the fleet. Eastern Gulf, Inc. renamed the
638:, which left Arison with large numbers of advance bookings without a ship. Arison would later learn the fate of Kloster’s
1158:
755:
998:
695:
was sold to the French state-owned
Compagnie Generale Transmediterranee (CGTM) in 1972, entering service as the
1148:
1083:
1057:
622:
Meanwhile, Ted Arison, owner of the shipping firm T. Arison Company Inc., was in troubled waters after the
650:. Arison contacted Kloster about the decision of having the ship go on three- and four-day cruises to the
630:
payments. After five days of legal fighting, a frustrated Arison canceled the operations planned for the
558:
enacted a law that restricted the currency which UK citizens could take out of the country, and Spain’s
545:, Lisbon, and Gibraltar under the operation of its new subsidiary Kloster Sunward Ferries. Designed by
274:
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In June 1966, Norwegian businessman and owner of Klosters Rederi A/S, Knut Kloster, commissioned a
507:
119:
352:
767:
491:
218:
20:
766:
the following year to its owner so it can be used by Danish Cruise Lines for cruises from
8:
1143:
1110:
Investment in the New Cuban Tourist Industry: A Guide to Entrepreneurial Opportunities
1113:
978:
953:
852:
827:
775:
571:
478:, an Israeli businessman, contacted Kloster about the possibility of converting the
704:
670:
658:-based cruise operation called Norwegian Caribbean Line. On December 19, 1966, the
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538:
774:
back to SeaEscape, which began cruises-to-nowhere and weekly trips on April 16 to
522:
511:
881:
462:. Originally designed and built for ferrying passengers and vehicles around the
555:
726:-based Vlasov Group and the Saudi entrepreneur Gaith Pharaon. She was renamed
1137:
627:
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and placed into service to its subsidiary SeaEscape. SeaEscape returned the
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367:
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908:"Israel Buys Cruise Ship 'Nili' for $ 4,200,000 at Auction in Miami"
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530:
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breakers for scrap. The vessel appeared in the 1970 dramatic film,
30:
786:
716:
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In 1979, she was sold to Amar Line, a joint venture between the
549:-based naval architect Tage Wandborg of Knud E. Hansen A/S, the
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642:, and emerged with the possibility of transforming her into a
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483:
735:
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131:
597:
770:, in November. In 1993, Danish Cruise Lines returned the
1108:
Miller M., Mark; Henthorne L., Tony (September 1997).
654:. Both men joined forces the same year to establish a
490:
operated as a cruise ship under the newly established
1107:
1025:
1023:
975:
The Unofficial Guide to Cruises (Unofficial Guides)
933:Jordan E., Allan (December 1996). "Port of Miami".
952:. Cornwell Maritime Pr/Tidewater Pub. p. 98.
821:
785:–- to different Cuban ports, as well as trips to
1135:
1020:
822:Quartermaine, Peter; Peter, Bruce (May 2006).
574:were interested in a possible purchase of the
541:for cruise-ferry service between Southamptom,
705:Société Nationale Maritime Corse Méditerranée
950:The Cruise Ship Phenomenon in North America
1055:
947:
932:
846:
742:was sold to Ocean Quest International of
578:, but it turned down since it was not an
1081:
606:
596:
584:
521:
972:
847:Gallagher, Stephanie (September 2009).
1136:
1058:"SeaEscape gets 45 Days to Form Plans"
1084:"SeaEscape Returns to Port Canaveral"
824:Cruise: Identity, Design, and Culture
13:
1082:Whitmore, Laurie (18 April 1993).
1056:Stieghorst, Tom (2 October 1991).
415:Two B&W 12-42VT2BF - 90 Diesel
14:
1170:
1129:
948:Cudahy J., Brian (January 2001).
719:, United Arab Emirates in 1977.
470:, the promise and success of the
758:in 1990, and was renamed as the
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239:
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217:
206:
195:
19:
1101:
1075:
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973:Showker, Kay (September 2005).
756:International Shipping Partners
687:(1971), replacing the original
1154:Ships of Norwegian Cruise Line
991:
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900:
874:
865:
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1:
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730:and entered service between
562:closed the frontier between
7:
793:, Jamaica. Cruising of the
715:converted for hotel use in
150:Sabah Maritime Services Co.
10:
1175:
517:
275:Bergens Mekaniske Verksted
1159:Passenger ships of Norway
912:Jewish Telegraphic Agency
374:
156:Ocean Quest International
38:
18:
851:. iUniverse. p. 8.
826:. Rizzoli. p. 103.
492:Norwegian Caribbean Line
120:Norwegian Caribbean Line
1008:. Norwegian Cruise Line
884:[M/S Sunward].
510:" and the 1989 comedy "
375:General characteristics
114:Kloster Sunward Ferries
977:. Wiley. p. 314.
619:
604:
594:
534:
482:into a cruise ship in
180:Jaisu Shipping Company
1149:Ships built in Bergen
1006:Norwegian Cruise Line
768:San Juan, Puerto Rico
610:
600:
588:
525:
999:"Corporate Overview"
871:Gallagher 2006, p. 9
699:the following year.
223:United Arab Emirates
703:was transferred to
174:Empress Cruise Ltd.
620:
605:
595:
535:
508:"Darker than Amber
458:built in 1966 for
138:Eastern Gulf, Inc.
1119:978-1-56-720092-8
1035:Simplon Postcards
984:978-0-76-457863-2
959:978-0-87-033529-7
914:. 2 February 1967
858:978-1-44-017917-4
833:978-0-84-782796-1
776:Freeport, Bahamas
772:Scandinavian Song
764:Scandinavian Song
760:Scandinavian Song
691:. The pioneering
593:in September 1970
572:Celebrity Cruises
446:
445:
168:Fratelli Cosulich
81:Scandinavian Song
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404:Installed power
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1130:External links
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937:. p. 31.
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935:Cruise Travel
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886:Faktaomfartyg
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882:"M/S Sunward"
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57:Ile de Beauté
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1103:
1091:. Retrieved
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1065:. Retrieved
1062:Sun-Sentinel
1061:
1051:
1039:. Retrieved
1034:
1010:. Retrieved
1005:
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916:. Retrieved
911:
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890:. Retrieved
888:(in Swedish)
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752:Ocean Spirit
751:
748:Ocean Spirit
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740:Saudi Moon I
739:
728:Saudi Moon I
727:
721:
713:Grand Flotel
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681:(1971), and
678:MS Southward
676:
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570:working for
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502:was sold to
499:
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479:
471:
460:Knut Kloster
450:
448:
447:
362:Scrapped in
324:25 June 1966
316:20 June 1966
98:
92:
86:
80:
75:Ocean Spirit
74:
69:Saudi Moon I
68:
63:Grand Flotel
62:
56:
50:
26:
1112:. Praeger.
1037:. Ian Boyle
791:Montego Bay
744:New Orleans
738:. In 1988,
666:MS Starward
644:cruise ship
504:Bangladeshi
456:cruise ship
281:Yard number
256:Panama City
248:1993-2004:
237:1990-1993:
226:1988-1990:
204:1973-1977:
193:1966-1973:
178:2003-2004:
172:1994-2003:
166:1993-1994:
160:1991-1993:
154:1988-1993:
148:1984-1988:
142:1978-1984:
130:1976-1977:
124:1973-1976:
118:1966-1972:
97:2003-2004:
93:The Empress
91:1994-2003:
85:1993-1994:
79:1990-1993:
73:1988-1990:
67:1978-1988:
55:1973-1977:
49:1966-1972:
1144:1966 ships
1138:Categories
810:References
804:Chittagong
800:Port Klang
672:MS Skyward
568:Silja Line
547:Copenhagen
476:Ted Arison
412:Propulsion
383:8,666 tons
368:Bangladesh
364:Chittagong
349:IMO number
329:In service
1031:"Sunward"
616:Marseille
580:ice class
539:car ferry
468:Gibraltar
305:Completed
292:July 1965
289:Laid down
162:SeaEscape
144:Amar Line
1093:17 March
1067:17 March
1041:17 March
1012:17 March
918:16 March
892:17 March
675:(1969),
669:(1968),
628:mortgage
531:Key West
431:Capacity
391:443 feet
313:Acquired
297:Launched
107:Operator
31:Key West
787:Cozumel
717:Sharjah
711:as the
693:Sunward
689:Sunward
660:Sunward
656:Florida
652:Bahamas
640:Sunward
591:Sunward
576:Sunward
551:Sunward
527:Sunward
518:History
500:Sunward
496:Sunward
488:Sunward
480:Sunward
472:Sunward
451:Sunward
407:1,800kW
380:Tonnage
353:6610663
351::
271:Builder
263:Ordered
245:Bahamas
99:Empress
51:Sunward
39:History
33:in 1970
27:Sunward
1116:
981:
956:
855:
830:
732:Jeddah
724:Monaco
618:,1976
533:, 1970
486:. The
454:was a
388:Length
370:, 2004
215:1977:
212:France
201:Norway
136:1977:
112:1966:
61:1977:
1002:(PDF)
648:Miami
564:Spain
484:Miami
425:knots
420:Speed
396:Decks
1114:ISBN
1095:2019
1069:2019
1043:2019
1014:2019
979:ISBN
954:ISBN
920:2019
894:2019
853:ISBN
828:ISBN
789:and
736:Suez
734:and
636:Bilu
634:and
632:Nili
624:Nili
589:The
543:Vigo
466:and
439:Crew
359:Fate
340:2004
332:1966
308:1966
266:1966
132:SNCM
126:CTGM
44:Name
754:to
646:in
614:in
529:in
514:".
449:MS
442:220
434:558
423:20
284:455
29:in
25:MS
1140::
1086:.
1060:.
1033:.
1022:^
1004:.
910:.
778:.
366:,
1122:.
1097:.
1071:.
1045:.
1016:.
987:.
962:.
922:.
896:.
861:.
836:.
399:7
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