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36:
1584:, he said "We have never received any official claims from them (China) and they said the island (Beting Patinggi Ali) belongs to them, but the country is 1,400 kilometres (870 mi) away. We are taking diplomatic action but in whatever approach, they have to get out of our national waters". The Malaysian government has since sent diplomatic notes every week to protest against the intrusion. There have also been reports that crews aboard the Chinese vessel threatened to shoot local Malaysian fishermen who attempted to fish in the area.
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Malaysian economy's main investor. Kuala Lumpur has "consistently played down China's activities in our territories", said Wan Saiful Wan Jan, chief executive of the
Institute for Democracy and Economic Affairs, a Malaysian think tank. "This could be to protect our commercial interest, or it could also be to avoid the public...realising how useless our defences are".
359:. Extending over an area of several thousand square kilometres, both the north and south groups of the shoals are permanently submerged at depths of 5 to 40 metres (16 to 131 ft) below sea level, with the exception of Luconia Breakers. There are extensive oil and natural gas resources under the seabed in this area, which is also home to various fish including
1069:
451:
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On 31 March 2016, Malaysia summoned the
Chinese ambassador in Kuala Lumpur to protest the presence of around 100 Chinese fishing boats at Luconia Shoals. Until March, the Malaysian government rarely rebuked China in public to avoid disturbances to Sino-Malay relations as Beijing emerges as the
1337:
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maintains a 24/7 presence in the area to monitor the shoals. Malaysia's
Fisheries Research Institute has conducted studies on the area since 2004. Malaysia organises an annual International Deep Sea Fishing Tournament on the shoals with participants departing from the Marina Bay in
1136:
719:
786:
518:
920:
1005:
853:
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297:
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The
Chinese name for the shoals 'Kang' is the shortened form of 'Lo-kang-nia' - a transliteration of the English language name, Luconia. The Republic of China's Maps Inspection Committee published this name in 1935.
1580:. Malaysia lodged a protest over China's incursion into its waters, as Chinese ships had been in Malaysian waters for more than two years. In a statement in 2015 by a Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department,
2121:
1489:
1556:. Berekoven said the move was important to warn China to back down, and to urge the Malaysian government to take a serious look into the archaeological history of the area because the
1799:"Exacta & Accurata Delineatio cum Orarum Maritimarum tum etjam locorum terrestrium quae in Regionibus China, Cauchinchina, Camboja sive Champa, Syao, Malacca, Arracan & Pegu"
2069:
1572:
vessel entering the area. It appears to be anchored at the shoals, about 150 kilometres north of
Malaysian Borneo—well inside the 200 nautical miles (370 km; 230 mi)
1798:
1453:
Hardie Reef, Aitken Reef and Buck Reef, from north to south, are part of an atoll which, as a whole, is named by the
Chinese as: 盟谊南 or Méng yì nán, which translates as
355:. The shoals are either part of the Spratly Islands, or southeast of what some sources consider to be the southernmost members of the Spratly Islands, such as
1931:
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2129:
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Sierra Blanca Reef is also listed separately from South
Luconia Shoals, situated about 12 miles southwestward of the latter. Its least depth is given as 2½
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2011:
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On 31 August 2015, amateur marine archaeologist
Captain Hans Berekoven with his wife and a team of marine researchers, as well as the
2231:
2095:
1966:
315:, divided into the North and South Luconia Shoals, and sometimes known as the Luconia Reefs, are one of the largest and least-known
35:
1663:
A geographical description of the
Spratly Islands and an account of hydrographic surveys amongst those islands (Maritime briefing )
3956:
3018:
2441:
1762:
Hayton, Bill (2019). "The Modern
Origins of China's South China Sea Claims: Maps, Misunderstandings, and the Maritime Geobody".
1545:
and heading up to the area for 3 days. The participant who catches the biggest fish is proclaimed the winner of the tournament.
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claimed by Malaysia. The Chinese vessel has been warned to leave the area and is monitored closely by the
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2018:
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1950:"Sailing Directions for Sunda Strait and Northwest Coast of Borneo and Off-lying Dangers"
22:
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392:, depicted in old Latin, Italian, and Portuguese maps as "Luçonia" or "Luconia."
324:
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96:
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1702:"Preliminary Study on the Coral Reef Resources at Luconia Shoals, Miri, Sarawak"
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1967:"Hans Berekoven and Malaysian colleagues with Malaysian flag on Luconia Shoals"
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2152:"Presence of China Coast Guard ship at Luconia Shoals spooks local fishermen"
2122:"Malaysia lodges diplomatic protest against intrusion at Beting Patinggi Ali"
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The English language name, Luconia, is from an old name of the island of
356:
305:
301:
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1707:. Malaysian Fisheries Research Institute. December 2004. Archived from
1689:
Malaysia and Brunei: An Analysis of their Claims in the South China Sea
323:. Some geographers classify the shoals as the southernmost part of the
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360:
285:
246:
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1513:
348:
195:
155:
3388:
2209:
2047:
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3105:
2070:"Miri Deep Sea fishing contest wants 'early birds' for logistics"
368:
336:
169:
1666:. University of Durham, International Boundaries Research Unit.
3720:
3715:
3515:
3510:
2174:"Indonesia Blows Up 23 Foreign Fishing Boats to Send a Message"
1738:"Marine archaeologist stamps Malaysia's mark on Luconia Shoals"
1501:
not showing Herald Reef 5 km southwest of Luconia Breakers
1460:
364:
340:
229:
3540:
3535:
1932:"Carte Generale Des Indes Orientales et des Isles Adiacentes"
385:
212:
2096:"Malaysia Toughens Stance With Beijing Over South China Sea"
3204:
316:
335:
The shoals lie around 100 kilometres (62 mi) off the
2017:. Malaysia Fisheries Research Institute. Archived from
1913:"India quae Orientalis dicitur et Insulae Adiacentes"
1875:"India quae Orientalis dicitur et Insulae Adiacentes"
288:-derived sketch map of North and South Luconia Shoals
2072:. The Borneo Post. 23 February 2015. Archived from
351:, and around 2,000 kilometres (1,200 mi) from
1990:"China Coast Guard vessel found at Luconia Shoals"
3103:
2128:. The Rakyat Post. 15 August 2015. Archived from
1560:may have hosted a civilisation 12,000 years ago.
1532:The shoals are administered by Malaysia, and the
3994:
3962:List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands
2422:List of maritime features in the Spratly Islands
1815:
1568:In June 2015, Malaysian authorities detected a
371:. The shoals are also where the British barque
2450:
1796:
1659:
3404:
3089:
2225:
2204:Oblique aerial photograph of Luconia Breakers
1987:
1816:Quad, Matthias; Bussemachaer, Johann (1598).
1961:
1959:
3977:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
1608:Territorial disputes in the South China Sea
3411:
3397:
3096:
3082:
2232:
2218:
1731:
1729:
1956:
1735:
1936:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
1929:
1917:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
1898:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
1879:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
1860:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
1841:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
1822:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
1803:Barry Lawrence Ruderman Antique Maps Inc
1660:Hancox, David; Prescott, Victor (1995).
1655:
1653:
1651:
291:
280:
3957:List of airports in the Spratly Islands
2442:List of airports in the Spratly Islands
2176:. The Wall Street Journal. 5 April 2016
1910:
1853:
1834:
1726:
1552:curator, went to the shoals to plant a
1512:The Luconia shoals are administered by
1507:
3995:
3119:
2966:Designation of the West Philippine Sea
1761:
1624:
1622:
1603:List of islands in the South China Sea
42:
3392:
3077:
2213:
1891:
1872:
1648:
1538:Malaysian Maritime Enforcement Agency
2154:. The Borneo Post. 27 September 2015
3967:Philippines and the Spratly Islands
3418:
2931:Philippines and the Spratly Islands
2432:Royal Malaysian Navy Offshore Bases
2239:
2046:. Miri Anglers Club. Archived from
1856:"Indiae Orientalis Nova Descriptio"
1818:"Asia Partiu Orbis Maxima MDXCVIII"
1797:Van Linschoten, Jan Huygen (1596).
1619:
1466:
13:
14:
4044:
3972:Republic of Morac-Songhrati-Meads
2198:Tactical Pilotage Chart 1:250,000
2191:
3744:
3714:
3639:
3589:
3534:
3509:
3056:
1488:
1473:
222:
205:
188:
148:
41:
34:
2166:
2144:
2114:
2088:
2062:
2036:
2004:
1981:
1942:
1923:
1904:
1892:Blaeu, Willem Janszoon (1635).
1885:
1873:Blaeu, Willem Janszoon (1642).
1866:
1847:
1632:. oceandots.com. Archived from
1319:
401:
377:was wrecked on 5 January 1842.
3134:Beting Raja Jarum/Patinggi Ali
2916:History of the Spratly Islands
1828:
1809:
1790:
1755:
1736:Cindy Lai (8 September 2015).
1694:
1681:
1:
4023:Shoals of the South China Sea
4013:Shoals of the Spratly Islands
3945:Free Territory of Freedomland
3434:Southwest Cay incident (1975)
2972:Hai Yang Shi You 981 standoff
2942:Battle of the Paracel Islands
1988:Jenifer Laeng (3 June 2015).
1613:
1498:image of South Luconia Shoals
1483:image of North Luconia Shoals
4018:Reefs of the South China Sea
4008:Reefs of the Spratly Islands
3899:Northeast Investigator Shoal
70:Gugusan Beting Patinggi Ali
7:
3445:Johnson South Reef Skirmish
3154:Interior and water features
2954:Johnson South Reef skirmish
1969:. abc.net.au. 8 August 2016
1591:
1527:
975:Gugusan Beting Patinggi Ali
395:
330:
271:GPX (secondary coordinates)
172:, Division and District of
10:
4049:
2960:Scarborough Shoal standoff
1911:Hondius, Henricus (1636).
1522:People's Republic of China
1518:Republic of China (Taiwan)
176:, Subdistrict of Balingian
65:Gugusan Beting Raja Jarum
3932:
3876:
3742:
3712:
3637:
3587:
3532:
3507:
3500:
3454:
3426:
3289:
3231:
3203:
3160:
3153:
3112:
3051:
3008:Paracel Islands Airports
2981:
2903:
2870:
2847:
2831:
2801:
2780:
2722:
2650:
2614:
2583:
2461:
2412:
2379:
2354:
2326:
2288:
2279:
2247:
1930:Mariette, Pierre (1650).
1835:Hondius, Jodocus (1606).
1516:, and are claimed by the
427:Gugusan Beting Raja Jarum
266:GPX (primary coordinates)
241:Map all coordinates using
219:
202:
185:
180:
163:
144:
139:
102:
92:
87:
60:
29:
21:
3019:Spratly Islands Airports
1894:"Asia Noviter Delineata"
1776:10.1177/0097700418771678
1563:
1064:Yǐnbō ànshā (隱波暗沙/隐波暗沙)
249:Download coordinates as:
23:Disputed reefs and shoal
3940:Spratly Islands dispute
2926:Spratly Islands dispute
1687:J. Ashley Roach (2014)
1598:South China Sea Islands
1574:exclusive economic zone
345:exclusive economic zone
3104:Physical geography of
2948:Southwest Cay incident
308:
289:
3789:Cornwallis South Reef
2690:Cornwallis South Reef
1854:Jansson, Jan (1630).
971:South Luconia Shoals
954:Terumbu Lang Ngindang
908:Terumbu Lang Ngindang
430:Běikāng ànshā (北康暗沙)
295:
284:
261:GPX (all coordinates)
3794:Discovery Great Reef
2936:Battle of Leyte Gulf
2911:Territorial disputes
2895:Tambelan Archipelago
2132:on 29 September 2015
1578:Royal Malaysian Navy
1534:Royal Malaysian Navy
1508:Territorial disputes
619:Terumbu Datak Landih
573:Terumbu Datak Landih
424:North Luconia Shoals
298:US Dept of State map
3904:Royal Captain Shoal
3877:Unoccupied features
3779:Central London Reef
3694:Second Thomas Shoal
2788:Royal Captain Shoal
2735:Central London Reef
2642:Second Thomas Shoal
2437:Vietnamese DK1 rigs
2100:Wall Street Journal
2044:"Miri Anglers Club"
1416: /
1388:Sierra Blanca Reef
1349: /
1282: /
1215: /
1148: /
1081: /
1017: /
932: /
865: /
798: /
731: /
664: /
597: /
530: /
463: /
120: /
80:南康暗沙 Nánkāng ànshā
75:北康暗沙 Běikāng ànshā
18:
3951:Great Wall of Sand
3914:Third Thomas Shoal
3884:First Thomas Shoal
3769:Barque Canada Reef
3619:Investigator Shoal
3569:Johnson South Reef
2872:Tudjuh Archipelago
2705:Investigator Shoal
2673:Johnson South Reef
2627:First Thomas Shoal
2606:Third Thomas Shoal
2427:Great Wall of Sand
2270:South Vereker Bank
2263:North Vereker Bank
1837:"India Orientalis"
1103:Terumbu Dato Talip
1060:Terumbu Dato Talip
820:Hempasan Dang Ajar
814:Seahorse Breakers
774:Hempasan Dang Ajar
770:Seahorse Breakers
753:Terumbu Permaisuri
707:Terumbu Permaisuri
374:Viscount Melbourne
309:
290:
16:
3990:
3989:
3872:
3871:
3501:Occupied features
3477:North Danger Reef
3439:East Sea Campaign
3386:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3149:
3148:
3071:
3070:
3063:Oceans portal
2827:
2826:
2718:
2717:
2469:North Danger Reef
2404:Scarborough Shoal
2392:Macclesfield Bank
2375:
2374:
1992:. The Borneo Post
1570:China Coast Guard
1502:
1451:
1450:
1421:4.850°N 112.533°E
1392:Beting Batu Puteh
1365:Luconia Breakers
1354:5.017°N 112.633°E
1321:Luconia Breakers
1304:Terumbu Balingian
1287:5.067°N 112.717°E
1258:Terumbu Balingian
1220:5.017°N 112.933°E
1153:4.950°N 112.617°E
1086:5.100°N 112.567°E
1022:5.033°N 112.500°E
937:5.367°N 112.633°E
870:5.650°N 112.533°E
803:5.533°N 112.583°E
736:5.633°N 112.367°E
669:5.750°N 112.550°E
602:5.900°N 112.550°E
535:5.933°N 112.517°E
479:Friendship Shoal
468:5.950°N 112.533°E
319:complexes in the
236:
235:
124:5.600°N 112.600°E
4040:
3933:Related articles
3864:West London Reef
3799:East London Reef
3749:
3748:
3719:
3718:
3704:West York Island
3644:
3643:
3594:
3593:
3554:Fiery Cross Reef
3539:
3538:
3514:
3513:
3505:
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3462:Dangerous Ground
3413:
3406:
3399:
3390:
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3157:
3117:
3116:
3113:Coastal features
3098:
3091:
3084:
3075:
3074:
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3060:
2993:Coconut Princess
2832:Southeastern SCS
2762:Fiery Cross Reef
2750:West London Reef
2745:East London Reef
2563:West York Island
2459:
2458:
2448:
2447:
2387:Zhongsha Islands
2380:Northeastern SCS
2290:Amphitrite Group
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2285:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2211:
2210:
2200:Map Sheet L-11 A
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2076:on 16 April 2015
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2050:on 16 April 2015
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2012:"Luconia Shoals"
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1630:"Luconia Shoals"
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1467:Satellite Images
1455:Friendship South
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1010:
963:
962:
960:
959:
958:
956:
944:
943:
938:
933:
930:
929:
928:
925:
896:
895:
893:
892:
891:
889:
877:
876:
871:
866:
863:
862:
861:
858:
829:
828:
826:
825:
824:
822:
810:
809:
804:
799:
796:
795:
794:
791:
762:
761:
759:
758:
757:
755:
743:
742:
737:
732:
729:
728:
727:
724:
695:
694:
692:
691:
690:
688:
676:
675:
670:
665:
662:
661:
660:
657:
628:
627:
625:
624:
623:
621:
609:
608:
603:
598:
595:
594:
593:
590:
561:
560:
558:
557:
556:
554:
542:
541:
536:
531:
528:
527:
526:
523:
494:
493:
491:
490:
489:
487:
475:
474:
469:
464:
461:
460:
459:
456:
435:Friendship Shoal
400:
399:
228:
226:
225:
211:
209:
208:
194:
192:
191:
154:
152:
151:
135:
134:
132:
131:
130:
125:
121:
118:
117:
116:
113:
45:
44:
38:
19:
15:
4048:
4047:
4043:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4038:
4037:
4033:Disputed shoals
3993:
3992:
3991:
3986:
3928:
3889:Half Moon Shoal
3868:
3839:Sin Cowe Island
3743:
3738:
3713:
3708:
3638:
3633:
3588:
3583:
3533:
3528:
3508:
3496:
3482:Reed Tablemount
3450:
3422:
3420:Spratly Islands
3417:
3387:
3378:
3285:
3227:
3199:
3145:
3108:
3102:
3072:
3067:
3055:
3047:
2977:
2899:
2885:Anambas Islands
2866:
2843:
2839:Palawan Passage
2823:
2797:
2793:Half Moon Shoal
2776:
2714:
2678:Sin Cowe Island
2646:
2610:
2601:Reed Tablemount
2579:
2453:
2446:
2414:Spratly Islands
2408:
2371:
2350:
2322:
2281:Paracel Islands
2275:
2243:
2241:South China Sea
2238:
2194:
2189:
2179:
2177:
2172:
2171:
2167:
2157:
2155:
2150:
2149:
2145:
2135:
2133:
2120:
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2089:
2079:
2077:
2068:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2051:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2027:
2025:
2021:
2014:
2010:
2009:
2005:
1995:
1993:
1986:
1982:
1972:
1970:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1928:
1924:
1909:
1905:
1890:
1886:
1871:
1867:
1852:
1848:
1833:
1829:
1814:
1810:
1795:
1791:
1760:
1756:
1746:
1744:
1742:The Borneo Post
1734:
1727:
1717:
1715:
1711:
1704:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1686:
1682:
1674:
1658:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1636:on 24 July 2012
1628:
1627:
1620:
1616:
1594:
1582:Shahidan Kassim
1566:
1530:
1510:
1503:
1499:
1493:
1484:
1478:
1469:
1458:
1434:Cheng Ping Jiao
1431:
1429:
1425:
1423:
1419:
1418:
1415:
1410:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1402:
1371:Hempasan Bentin
1364:
1362:
1358:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1348:
1343:
1340:
1338:
1336:
1335:
1325:Hempasan Bentin
1297:
1295:
1291:
1289:
1285:
1284:
1281:
1276:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1268:
1230:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1209:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1163:
1161:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1150:
1147:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1096:
1094:
1090:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1075:
1072:
1070:
1068:
1067:
1032:
1030:
1026:
1024:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1004:
1003:
947:
945:
941:
939:
935:
934:
931:
926:
923:
921:
919:
918:
887:Terumbu Litong
880:
878:
874:
872:
868:
867:
864:
859:
856:
854:
852:
851:
841:Terumbu Litong
813:
811:
807:
805:
801:
800:
797:
792:
789:
787:
785:
784:
746:
744:
740:
738:
734:
733:
730:
725:
722:
720:
718:
717:
686:Terumbu Linggir
679:
677:
673:
671:
667:
666:
663:
658:
655:
653:
651:
650:
640:Terumbu Linggir
612:
610:
606:
604:
600:
599:
596:
591:
588:
586:
584:
583:
545:
543:
539:
537:
533:
532:
529:
524:
521:
519:
517:
516:
478:
476:
472:
470:
466:
465:
462:
457:
454:
452:
450:
449:
418:
410:
398:
333:
325:Spratly Islands
321:South China Sea
279:
278:
277:
276:
275:
232:
223:
221:
215:
206:
204:
198:
189:
187:
159:
149:
147:
128:
126:
122:
119:
114:
111:
109:
107:
106:
97:South China Sea
79:
74:
69:
64:
56:
55:
54:
53:
52:
51:
50:
46:
25:
12:
11:
5:
4046:
4036:
4035:
4030:
4028:Disputed reefs
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4003:Luconia Shoals
3988:
3987:
3985:
3984:
3982:Nine-dash line
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3947:
3942:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3926:
3921:
3916:
3911:
3906:
3901:
3896:
3894:Luconia Shoals
3891:
3886:
3880:
3878:
3874:
3873:
3870:
3869:
3867:
3866:
3861:
3856:
3854:Spratly Island
3851:
3846:
3841:
3836:
3831:
3826:
3821:
3816:
3814:Lansdowne Reef
3811:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3791:
3786:
3781:
3776:
3771:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3753:
3740:
3739:
3737:
3736:
3734:Zhongzhou Reef
3731:
3729:Taiping Island
3725:
3723:
3710:
3709:
3707:
3706:
3701:
3696:
3691:
3686:
3684:Nanshan Island
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3654:Commodore Reef
3650:
3648:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3631:
3626:
3624:Mariveles Reef
3621:
3616:
3611:
3606:
3600:
3598:
3585:
3584:
3582:
3581:
3576:
3571:
3566:
3561:
3556:
3551:
3549:Cuarteron Reef
3545:
3543:
3530:
3529:
3527:
3526:
3520:
3518:
3502:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3494:
3489:
3484:
3479:
3474:
3469:
3464:
3458:
3456:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3448:
3442:
3436:
3430:
3428:
3427:Confrontations
3424:
3423:
3416:
3415:
3408:
3401:
3393:
3384:
3383:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3295:
3293:
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3237:
3235:
3229:
3228:
3226:
3225:
3220:
3215:
3209:
3207:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3187:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3166:
3164:
3155:
3151:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3143:
3140:Beting Serupai
3137:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3114:
3110:
3109:
3101:
3100:
3093:
3086:
3078:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3065:
3052:
3049:
3048:
3046:
3045:
3044:
3043:
3042:
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3016:
3015:
3014:
3006:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2985:
2983:
2979:
2978:
2976:
2975:
2969:
2963:
2957:
2951:
2945:
2939:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2921:Nine-dash line
2918:
2913:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2900:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2882:
2880:Natuna Islands
2876:
2874:
2868:
2867:
2865:
2864:
2862:Luconia Shoals
2859:
2851:
2849:
2845:
2844:
2842:
2841:
2835:
2833:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2822:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2784:
2782:
2778:
2777:
2775:
2774:
2772:Spratly Island
2769:
2764:
2759:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2740:Cuarteron Reef
2737:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2712:
2710:Mariveles Reef
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2675:
2670:
2665:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2622:Commodore Reef
2618:
2616:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2608:
2603:
2598:
2596:Nanshan Island
2593:
2587:
2585:
2581:
2580:
2578:
2577:
2576:
2575:
2567:
2566:
2565:
2560:
2552:
2551:
2550:
2548:Zhongzhou Reef
2545:
2543:Taiping Island
2540:
2535:
2530:
2520:
2519:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2498:
2497:
2496:
2491:
2483:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2465:
2463:
2456:
2445:
2444:
2439:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2418:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2407:
2406:
2401:
2400:
2399:
2389:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2376:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2364:
2358:
2356:
2355:Other features
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2332:
2330:
2328:Crescent Group
2324:
2323:
2321:
2320:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2292:
2283:
2277:
2276:
2274:
2273:
2266:
2259:
2253:
2251:
2245:
2244:
2237:
2236:
2229:
2222:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2201:
2193:
2192:External links
2190:
2188:
2187:
2165:
2143:
2113:
2087:
2061:
2035:
2003:
1980:
1955:
1941:
1922:
1903:
1884:
1865:
1846:
1827:
1808:
1789:
1770:(2): 127–170.
1754:
1725:
1714:on 20 May 2014
1693:
1680:
1673:978-1897643181
1672:
1647:
1617:
1615:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1593:
1590:
1565:
1562:
1554:Malaysian flag
1550:Sarawak Museum
1529:
1526:
1509:
1506:
1505:
1504:
1494:
1487:
1485:
1479:
1472:
1468:
1465:
1449:
1448:
1445:
1432:Sierra Blanca
1426:4.850; 112.533
1400:
1397:Chéngpíng Jiāo
1394:
1389:
1385:
1384:
1381:
1359:5.017; 112.633
1333:
1327:
1322:
1318:
1317:
1314:
1298:Richmond Reef
1292:5.067; 112.717
1266:
1260:
1255:
1254:Richmond Reef
1251:
1250:
1247:
1237:Beting Merpati
1225:5.017; 112.933
1199:
1193:
1191:Beting Merpati
1188:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1158:4.950; 112.617
1132:
1126:
1121:
1117:
1116:
1113:
1091:5.100; 112.567
1065:
1062:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1027:5.033; 112.500
1001:
995:
990:
986:
985:
983:
977:
972:
968:
967:
964:
942:5.367; 112.633
916:
910:
905:
901:
900:
897:
875:5.650; 112.533
849:
843:
838:
834:
833:
830:
808:5.533; 112.583
782:
776:
771:
767:
766:
763:
741:5.633; 112.367
715:
709:
704:
700:
699:
696:
674:5.750; 112.550
648:
642:
637:
633:
632:
629:
607:5.900; 112.550
581:
575:
570:
566:
565:
562:
540:5.933; 112.517
514:
508:
503:
499:
498:
495:
473:5.950; 112.533
447:
441:
436:
432:
431:
428:
425:
421:
420:
415:
412:
407:
404:
397:
394:
353:Mainland China
332:
329:
313:Luconia Shoals
274:
273:
268:
263:
258:
252:
239:
238:
237:
234:
233:
220:
217:
216:
203:
200:
199:
186:
183:
182:
178:
177:
167:
161:
160:
145:
142:
141:
140:Administration
137:
136:
129:5.600; 112.600
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
85:
84:
62:
58:
57:
49:Luconia Shoals
48:
47:
40:
39:
33:
32:
31:
30:
27:
26:
17:Luconia Shoals
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4045:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
4000:
3998:
3983:
3980:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3952:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3937:
3935:
3931:
3925:
3922:
3920:
3917:
3915:
3912:
3910:
3907:
3905:
3902:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3892:
3890:
3887:
3885:
3882:
3881:
3879:
3875:
3865:
3862:
3860:
3857:
3855:
3852:
3850:
3849:Southwest Cay
3847:
3845:
3842:
3840:
3837:
3835:
3832:
3830:
3827:
3825:
3822:
3820:
3819:Namyit Island
3817:
3815:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3805:
3804:Grierson Reef
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3774:Bombay Castle
3772:
3770:
3767:
3765:
3762:
3760:
3757:
3756:
3754:
3752:
3747:
3741:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3717:
3711:
3705:
3702:
3700:
3697:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3689:Northeast Cay
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3679:Loaita Island
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3649:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3630:
3627:
3625:
3622:
3620:
3617:
3615:
3612:
3610:
3607:
3605:
3604:Ardasier Reef
3602:
3601:
3599:
3597:
3592:
3586:
3580:
3577:
3575:
3574:Mischief Reef
3572:
3570:
3567:
3565:
3562:
3560:
3557:
3555:
3552:
3550:
3547:
3546:
3544:
3542:
3537:
3531:
3525:
3522:
3521:
3519:
3517:
3512:
3506:
3503:
3499:
3493:
3490:
3488:
3485:
3483:
3480:
3478:
3475:
3473:
3470:
3468:
3465:
3463:
3460:
3459:
3457:
3453:
3446:
3443:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3431:
3429:
3425:
3421:
3414:
3409:
3407:
3402:
3400:
3395:
3394:
3391:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3238:
3236:
3234:
3230:
3224:
3221:
3219:
3216:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3196:
3193:
3191:
3188:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3176:
3173:
3171:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3159:
3156:
3152:
3141:
3138:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3115:
3111:
3107:
3099:
3094:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3080:
3079:
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2890:Badas Islands
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2757:Bombay Castle
2755:
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2741:
2738:
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2711:
2708:
2706:
2703:
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2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2685:Ardasier Reef
2683:
2679:
2676:
2674:
2671:
2669:
2666:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2632:Mischief Reef
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2619:
2617:
2613:
2607:
2604:
2602:
2599:
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2559:
2556:
2555:
2553:
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2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:Namyit Island
2531:
2529:
2526:
2525:
2524:
2521:
2517:
2516:Loaita Island
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2503:
2502:
2499:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2480:
2479:Southwest Cay
2477:
2475:
2474:Northeast Cay
2472:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2466:
2464:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2443:
2440:
2438:
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2402:
2398:
2395:
2394:
2393:
2390:
2388:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2378:
2368:
2367:Triton Island
2365:
2363:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2353:
2347:
2346:Yagong Island
2344:
2342:
2341:Robert Island
2339:
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2334:
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2267:
2265:
2264:
2260:
2258:
2257:Pratas Island
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2249:Pratas Island
2246:
2242:
2235:
2230:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2212:
2206:(drying reef)
2205:
2202:
2199:
2196:
2195:
2175:
2169:
2153:
2147:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2102:. 8 June 2015
2101:
2097:
2091:
2075:
2071:
2065:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2024:on 2014-05-20
2020:
2013:
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1691:, www.cna.org
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1387:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1372:
1368:
1367:Qiongtai Jiao
1334:
1331:
1330:Qióngtái Jiāo
1328:
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1119:
1118:
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1110:
1104:
1100:
1097:Connell Reef
1066:
1063:
1061:
1058:
1056:Connell Reef
1055:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1040:
1039:Terumbu Sahap
1036:
1033:Stigant Reef
1002:
999:
996:
994:
993:Terumbu Sahap
991:
989:Stigant Reef
988:
987:
984:
981:
980:Nánkāng ànshā
978:
976:
973:
970:
969:
965:
961:
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951:
917:
914:
911:
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616:
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579:
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574:
571:
568:
567:
563:
559:
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548:Haikang Ansha
515:
512:
511:Hǎikāng ànshā
509:
507:
504:
501:
500:
496:
492:
486:
485:Beting Rentap
482:
448:
445:
442:
440:
439:Beting Rentap
437:
434:
433:
429:
426:
423:
422:
416:
413:
411:(Trad./Simp.)
408:
405:
402:
393:
391:
387:
382:
378:
376:
375:
370:
366:
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358:
354:
350:
346:
343:, inside the
342:
338:
328:
326:
322:
318:
314:
307:
303:
300:also showing
299:
296:Extract from
294:
287:
283:
272:
269:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
253:
251:
250:
245:
244:OpenStreetMap
242:
231:
218:
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184:
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162:
158:
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143:
138:
133:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
86:
83:
78:
73:
68:
63:
59:
37:
28:
24:
20:
3924:Whitsun Reef
3919:Western Reef
3909:Sabina Shoal
3893:
3859:Tennent Reef
3824:Pearson Reef
3784:Collins Reef
3699:Thitu Island
3629:Swallow Reef
3472:London Reefs
3133:
3034:Swallow Reef
2991:
2861:
2854:
2848:Southern SCS
2819:Swallow Reef
2730:London Reefs
2663:Collins Reef
2637:Sabina Shoal
2573:Western Reef
2489:Thitu Island
2485:Thitu Reefs
2397:Walker Shoal
2336:Money Island
2313:Woody Island
2298:Rocky Island
2268:
2261:
2178:. Retrieved
2168:
2158:28 September
2156:. Retrieved
2146:
2134:. Retrieved
2130:the original
2125:
2116:
2104:. Retrieved
2099:
2090:
2078:. Retrieved
2074:the original
2064:
2052:. Retrieved
2048:the original
2038:
2026:. Retrieved
2019:the original
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1983:
1971:. Retrieved
1944:
1935:
1925:
1916:
1906:
1897:
1887:
1878:
1868:
1859:
1849:
1840:
1830:
1821:
1811:
1802:
1792:
1767:
1764:Modern China
1763:
1757:
1745:. Retrieved
1716:. Retrieved
1709:the original
1696:
1683:
1662:
1638:. Retrieved
1634:the original
1586:
1567:
1547:
1531:
1511:
1454:
1452:
1433:
1396:
1391:
1370:
1366:
1329:
1324:
1303:
1299:
1262:
1257:
1236:
1235:(歡樂暗沙/欢乐暗沙)
1233:Huanle Ansha
1232:
1231:Comus Shoal
1198:(歡樂暗沙/欢乐暗沙)
1196:Huānlè ànshā
1195:
1190:
1187:Comus Shoal
1170:Terumbu Saji
1169:
1166:Haining Jiao
1165:
1164:Herald Reef
1129:Hǎiníng Jiāo
1128:
1124:Terumbu Saji
1123:
1120:Herald Reef
1102:
1101:(隱波暗沙/隐波暗沙)
1098:
1059:
1038:
1034:
997:
992:
979:
974:
953:
950:Nanping Jiao
949:
913:Nánpíng Jiāo
912:
907:
886:
882:
845:
840:
819:
815:
778:
773:
752:
749:Kangxi Ansha
748:
712:Kāngxī ànshā
711:
706:
685:
684:(法顯暗沙/法显暗沙)
682:Faxian Ansha
681:
647:(法顯暗沙/法显暗沙)
645:Fǎxiǎn ànshā
644:
639:
618:
614:
613:Aitken Reef
577:
572:
552:Terumbu Asun
551:
547:
546:Hardie Reef
510:
506:Terumbu Asun
505:
484:
483:(盟誼暗沙/盟谊暗沙)
481:Mengyi Ansha
480:
446:(盟誼暗沙/盟谊暗沙)
444:Méngyì ànshā
443:
438:
383:
379:
373:
334:
312:
310:
248:
247:
240:
146:
81:
76:
71:
66:
3829:Petley Reef
3764:Amboyna Cay
3759:Alison Reef
3669:Lankiam Cay
3664:Irving Reef
3659:Flat Island
3646:Philippines
3609:Dallas Reef
3564:Hughes Reef
3559:Gaven Reefs
3524:Louisa Reef
3492:Union Banks
3487:Tizard Bank
3467:Loaita Bank
2856:James Shoal
2814:Louisa Reef
2809:Amboyna Cay
2695:Dallas Reef
2668:Hughes Reef
2658:Union Banks
2591:Flat Island
2558:Irving Reef
2528:Gaven Reefs
2523:Tizard Bank
2506:Lankiam Cay
2501:Loaita Bank
2362:Bombay Reef
2303:Tree Island
1747:8 September
1558:Sunda Shelf
1424: /
1357: /
1300:Tanmen Jiao
1290: /
1263:Tánmén Jiāo
1223: /
1156: /
1099:Yinbo Ansha
1089: /
1035:Hai'an Jiao
1025: /
998:Hǎi'ān Jiāo
948:Hayes Reef
940: /
904:Hayes Reef
883:Bei'an Jiao
881:Tripp Reef
873: /
846:Běi'ān Jiāo
837:Tripp Reef
816:Nan'an Jiao
806: /
779:Nán'ān Jiāo
747:Moody Reef
739: /
703:Moody Reef
672: /
615:Yijing Jiao
605: /
578:Yìjìng Jiāo
569:Aitken Reef
538: /
502:Hardie Reef
471: /
414:Coordinates
390:Philippines
357:Louisa Reef
306:James Shoal
302:Louisa Reef
127: /
103:Coordinates
61:Other names
3997:Categories
3844:South Reef
3674:Loaita Cay
3614:Erica Reef
3180:Clearwater
3175:Biocyclone
3142:(disputed)
3136:(disputed)
3029:Spratly Is
2700:Erica Reef
2511:Loaita Cay
1614:References
1430: (
1369:(瓊台礁/琼台礁)
1363: (
1332:(瓊台礁/琼台礁)
1302:(潭門礁/潭门礁)
1296: (
1265:(潭門礁/潭门礁)
1229: (
1168:(海寧礁/海宁礁)
1162: (
1131:(海寧礁/海宁礁)
1095: (
1031: (
946: (
879: (
812: (
745: (
680:Buck Reef
678: (
636:Buck Reef
617:(義淨礁/义净礁)
611: (
580:(義淨礁/义净礁)
544: (
477: (
361:manta rays
181:Claimed by
3809:Ladd Reef
3579:Subi Reef
3369:Santubong
3359:Pandaruan
3319:Bintangor
3281:Santubong
3233:Mountains
3218:Batu Lawi
3213:Batu Buli
3190:Good Luck
3004:Pratas Is
3000:Airports
2982:Transport
2767:Ladd Reef
2494:Subi Reef
2452:Dangerous
2318:Qilian Yu
2308:West Sand
2136:16 August
1784:150132870
1496:Landsat 7
1481:Landsat 7
406:Malaysian
347:(EEZ) of
339:coast of
286:Landsat 7
88:Geography
82:(Chinese)
77:(Chinese)
3834:Sand Cay
3596:Malaysia
3354:Padungan
3039:Thitu Is
3012:Woody Is
2538:Sand Cay
2080:16 April
2054:16 April
1592:See also
1528:Malaysia
1520:and the
1514:Malaysia
1411:112°32′E
1344:112°38′E
1277:112°43′E
1210:112°56′E
1143:112°37′E
1076:112°34′E
1012:112°30′E
927:112°38′E
860:112°32′E
793:112°35′E
726:112°22′E
659:112°33′E
592:112°33′E
525:112°31′E
458:112°32′E
396:Features
349:Malaysia
331:Location
196:Malaysia
156:Malaysia
115:112°36′E
93:Location
3751:Vietnam
3455:Regions
3374:Sarawak
3329:Katibas
3309:Bangkit
3246:Benarat
3170:Benarat
3121:Islands
3106:Sarawak
3024:Itu Aba
2904:History
2180:6 April
2126:Bernama
1952:. 1935.
1461:fathoms
982:(南康暗沙)
751:(康西暗沙)
714:(康西暗沙)
550:(海康暗沙)
513:(海康暗沙)
419:metres
409:Chinese
403:Feature
388:in the
369:grouper
337:Sarawak
170:Sarawak
112:05°36′N
72:(Malay)
67:(Malay)
3721:Taiwan
3516:Brunei
3447:(1988)
3441:(1975)
3364:Rajang
3334:Kemena
3299:Balleh
3291:Rivers
3276:Rumput
2988:Ships
2974:(2014)
2968:(2012)
2962:(2012)
2956:(1988)
2950:(1975)
2944:(1974)
2938:(1944)
2454:Ground
2106:8 June
2028:9 June
1996:9 June
1973:9 June
1782:
1718:14 May
1670:
1640:14 May
1408:4°51′N
1399:(澄平礁)
1383:>0
1341:5°01′N
1274:5°04′N
1207:5°01′N
1140:4°57′N
1073:5°06′N
1037:(海安礁)
1009:5°02′N
1000:(海安礁)
966:<0
952:(南屏礁)
924:5°22′N
915:(南屏礁)
885:(北安礁)
857:5°39′N
848:(北安礁)
818:(南安礁)
790:5°32′N
781:(南安礁)
723:5°38′N
656:5°45′N
589:5°54′N
522:5°56′N
455:5°57′N
367:, and
365:wrasse
341:Borneo
230:Taiwan
227:
210:
193:
153:
3541:China
3344:Maong
3339:Lupar
3314:Baram
3304:Balui
3266:Murud
3251:Dulit
3223:Pagon
3205:Hills
3162:Caves
3129:Bruit
2802:South
2022:(PDF)
2015:(PDF)
1780:S2CID
1712:(PDF)
1705:(PDF)
1564:China
1436:(澄平礁)
417:Depth
386:Luzon
213:China
174:Mukah
165:State
3324:Igan
3271:Pueh
3261:Mulu
3256:Iran
3195:Niah
3185:Deer
2781:East
2723:West
2569:WNW
2554:NNW
2182:2016
2160:2015
2138:2015
2108:2015
2082:2015
2056:2015
2030:2015
1998:2015
1975:2015
1749:2015
1720:2012
1668:ISBN
1642:2012
1543:Miri
1536:and
1447:4.6
1316:3.6
1249:8.2
1115:1.8
1051:4.6
899:3.7
765:7.3
698:4.9
631:9.4
564:5.1
497:8.2
317:reef
311:The
304:and
3349:Oya
3241:Api
1772:doi
1678:p.2
256:KML
3999::
2651:SW
2615:SE
2584:NE
2462:NW
2124:.
2098:.
1958:^
1934:.
1915:.
1896:.
1877:.
1858:.
1839:.
1820:.
1801:.
1778:.
1768:45
1766:.
1740:.
1728:^
1650:^
1621:^
1524:.
1463:.
1182:2
832:2
363:,
327:.
3953:"
3949:"
3412:e
3405:t
3398:v
3097:e
3090:t
3083:v
2233:e
2226:t
2219:v
2184:.
2162:.
2140:.
2110:.
2084:.
2058:.
2032:.
2000:.
1977:.
1938:.
1919:.
1900:.
1881:.
1862:.
1843:.
1824:.
1805:.
1786:.
1774::
1751:.
1722:.
1676:.
1644:.
1457:.
1438:)
1374:)
1307:)
1240:)
1173:)
1106:)
1042:)
957:)
890:)
823:)
756:)
689:)
622:)
555:)
488:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
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