219:
thin-shelled. The shells are equivalve with unequal sides. The umbones (the apical part of each valve) are just anterior to mid-line. The adductor scars are unequal: the anterior are narrower and somewhat longer than the posterior. They are partly or largely separated from the pallial line. The valves are flattened and etched with concentric or radial rings. Each valve bears two cardinal and two plate-like lateral teeth. These molluscs do not have siphons but the extremely long foot makes a channel which is then lined with slime and serves for the intake and expulsion of water. The ligament is external and is often deeply inset. The pallial line lacks a sinus.
50:
72:
282:. Lucinids were able to colonize these sulfide rich sediments because they already maintained a population of sulfide-oxidizing symbionts. In modern environments, seagrass, lucinid bivalves, and the sulfur-oxidizing symbionts constitute a three-way symbiosis. Because of the lack of oxygen in coastal marine sediments, dense seagrass meadows produce sulfide-rich sediments by trapping organic matter that is later decomposed by sulfate-reducing bacteria. The lucinid-symbiont
218:
The members of this family have a worldwide distribution. They are found in muddy sand or gravel at or below low tide mark. But they can also be found at bathyal depths. They have characteristically rounded shells with forward-facing projections. The shell is predominantly white and buff and is often
258:
of bacteria by bacterioctyes. Symbiont transmission occurs horizontally, where juvenile lucinids are aposymbiotic and acquire their symbionts from the environment in each generation. Lucinids maintain their symbiont population by reacquiring sulfur-oxidizing bacteria throughout their lifetime.
245:
Lucinids host their sulfur-oxidizing symbionts in specialized gill cells called bacteriocytes. Lucinids are burrowing bivalves that live in environments with sulfide-rich sediments. The bivalve will pump sulfide-rich water over its gills from the inhalant siphon in order to provide
2066:
Elisabeth, Nathalie H.; Gustave, Sylvie D.D.; Gros, Olivier (2012-08-01). "Cell proliferation and apoptosis in gill filaments of the lucinid
Codakia orbiculata (Montagu, 1808) (Mollusca: Bivalvia) during bacterial decolonization and recolonization".
2178:
Gros, Olivier; Elisabeth, Nathalie H.; Gustave, Sylvie D. D.; Caro, Audrey; Dubilier, Nicole (2012-06-01). "Plasticity of symbiont acquisition throughout the life cycle of the shallow-water tropical lucinid
Codakia orbiculata (Mollusca: Bivalvia)".
250:
with sulfur and oxygen. The endosymbionts then use these substrates to fix carbon into organic compounds, which are then transferred to the host as nutrients. During periods of starvation, lucinids may harvest and digest their symbionts as food.
2304:
2230:
Gourdine, Jean-Philippe; Smith-Ravin, Emilie
Juliette (2007-05-01). "Analysis of a cDNA-derived sequence of a novel mannose-binding lectin, codakine, from the tropical clam Codakia orbicularis".
2303:
Heide, Tjisse van der; Govers, Laura L.; Fouw, Jimmy de; Olff, Han; Geest, Matthijs van der; Katwijk, Marieke M. van; Piersma, Theunis; Koppel, Johan van de; Silliman, Brian R. (2012-06-15).
1017:
2376:
Petersen, Jillian M.; Kemper, Anna; Gruber-Vodicka, Harald; Cardini, Ulisse; Geest, Matthijs van der; Kleiner, Manuel; Bulgheresi, Silvia; Mußmann, Marc; Herbold, Craig (2016-10-24).
237:
was the largest lucinid ever recorded, with shell size up to 31.1 centimetres (12.2 in) high, over 28 centimetres (11 in) wide and 8.6 centimetres (3.4 in) thick.
2504:
Stewart, R. B. (1930). Gabb's
California Cretaceous and Tertiary type lamellibranchs. Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Special Publications. 3: 1-314, pls 1-17.
2433:
König, Sten; Gros, Olivier; Heiden, Stefan E.; Hinzke, Tjorven; Thürmer, Andrea; Poehlein, Anja; Meyer, Susann; Vatin, Magalie; Mbéguié-A-Mbéguié, Didier (2016-10-24).
259:
Although process of symbiont acquisition is not entirely characterized, it likely involves the use of the binding protein, codakine, isolated from the lucinid bivalve,
600:
58:
2010:"Thioautotrophic bacterial endosymbionts are degraded by enzymatic digestion during starvation: Case study of two lucinids Codakia orbicularis and C. orbiculata"
1378:
233:
2265:
Stanley, S. M. (2014). "Evolutionary radiation of shallow-water
Lucinidae (Bivalvia with endosymbionts) as a result of the rise of seagrasses and mangroves".
263:. It is also known that symbionts do not replicate within bacteriocytes because of inhibition by the host. However, this mechanism is not well understood.
2507:
Taylor J. & Glover E. (2021). Biology, evolution and generic review of the chemosymbiotic bivalve family
Lucinidae. London: The Ray Society . 319 pp.
567:
2009:
1175:
724:
516:
2801:
1486:
1357:
912:
892:
2675:
1527:
1313:
1155:
952:
842:
792:
482:
426:
1750:
1739:
1706:
1607:
1557:
1507:
1474:
1334:
1205:
1195:
1145:
972:
902:
754:
2714:
1772:
1761:
1567:
1537:
1497:
1301:
1135:
1078:
1068:
872:
802:
714:
471:
1783:
1728:
1695:
1651:
1517:
1454:
1431:
1324:
1290:
1258:
1185:
1048:
982:
962:
942:
704:
681:
671:
630:
610:
587:
577:
527:
504:
362:
352:
315:
1684:
1673:
1640:
1585:
1547:
1388:
1346:
1247:
1092:
1038:
1012:
882:
862:
852:
832:
812:
772:
693:
640:
557:
537:
2806:
1717:
1662:
1408:
1398:
1269:
1058:
932:
922:
782:
744:
460:
449:
415:
1618:
1367:
992:
620:
493:
2649:
1629:
1418:
1280:
1870:
2688:
661:
1880:
2693:
2811:
2526:
2763:
2719:
286:
removes toxic sulfide from the sediment, and the seagrass roots provide oxygen to the bivalve-symbiont system.
2701:
344:
2610:
2597:
2510:
1962:
Seilacher, Adolf (1990-01-01). "Aberrations in bivalve evolution related to photo- and chemosymbiosis".
17:
2615:
2337:
71:
2796:
2729:
148:
1859:
Barrett, J. H. and C. M. Yonge, 1958. Collins Pocket Guide to the Sea Shore. P. 161. Collins, London
331:
2768:
2482:
2755:
2537:
1117:
2750:
2680:
2742:
2636:
2584:
2316:
2274:
2188:
1971:
2378:"Chemosynthetic symbionts of marine invertebrate animals are capable of nitrogen fixation"
8:
2575:
1215:
734:
547:
2320:
2278:
2192:
1975:
2791:
2410:
2377:
2358:
2152:
2119:
2100:
2048:
1936:
1904:"On the evolutionary ecology of symbioses between chemosynthetic bacteria and bivalves"
1903:
66:
2737:
2623:
2522:
2464:
2456:
2415:
2397:
2350:
2342:
2247:
2212:
2204:
2200:
2157:
2139:
2092:
2084:
2040:
2032:
1987:
1941:
1923:
1876:
1842:
1837:
1820:
436:
298:
2362:
2052:
2628:
2446:
2405:
2389:
2332:
2324:
2282:
2239:
2196:
2147:
2131:
2104:
2076:
2024:
1979:
1931:
1915:
1832:
1002:
178:
49:
2589:
2602:
650:
275:
2706:
2451:
2434:
2393:
2560:
1872:
Convergent
Evolution on Earth. Lessons for the Search for Extraterrestrial Life
1423:
279:
186:
2243:
1983:
1919:
2785:
2518:
2460:
2401:
2346:
2208:
2143:
2088:
2036:
1991:
1927:
1846:
199:
2328:
2468:
2419:
2354:
2251:
2216:
2161:
2096:
2044:
1945:
1444:
1125:
765:
592:
255:
1821:"Lucinidae (Bivalvia) - the most diverse group of chemosymbiotic molluscs"
2662:
2569:
1436:
1225:
1165:
822:
367:
2135:
2483:"WoRMS - World Register of Marine Species - Lucinidae J. Fleming, 1828"
2080:
2028:
1596:
441:
403:
271:
133:
2667:
2305:"A Three-Stage Symbiosis Forms the Foundation of Seagrass Ecosystems"
2286:
1464:
1235:
1112:
1102:
1083:
1030:
1025:
393:
380:
375:
283:
247:
83:
2654:
2531:
2554:
2375:
388:
267:
207:
203:
192:
123:
113:
103:
39:
2641:
1794:
326:
189:
228:
93:
339:
309:
The following genera are recognised in the family
Lucinidae:
2008:
König, Sten; Le
Guyader, Hervé; Gros, Olivier (2015-02-01).
2435:"Nitrogen fixation in a chemoautotrophic lucinid symbiosis"
182:
289:
The symbionts from at least two species of lucinid clams,
2177:
2120:"A complex journey: transmission of microbial symbionts"
2432:
2065:
1868:
2302:
2229:
2007:
1902:Roeselers, Guus; Newton, Irene L. G. (2012-02-22).
2118:Bright, Monika; Bulgheresi, Silvia (2010-03-01).
270:; however, they did not diversify until the late
2783:
2117:
1901:
917:Glover, J. D. Taylor & S. T. Williams, 2008
440:(traditionally placed in the separate family
1818:
1578:Incertae sedis (Subfamily not yet assigned )
1140:Glover, J. D. Taylor & Slack-Smith, 2003
1819:Taylor, J. D.; Glover, E. A. (2006-11-24).
2338:11370/23625acb-7ec0-4480-98d7-fad737d7d4fe
48:
2450:
2409:
2336:
2151:
1961:
1935:
1836:
1825:Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society
1812:
198:These bivalves are remarkable for their
2802:Taxa named by John Fleming (naturalist)
2264:
729:Glover, J. D. Taylor & Rowden, 2004
14:
2784:
1908:Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology
2536:
2535:
2298:
2296:
2730:a6be8664-70ff-4fa9-9786-5c1ebe7850e0
2173:
2171:
2003:
2001:
1957:
1955:
266:Lucinid bivalves originated in the
24:
2293:
1220:Olsson, A. & Harbison, A. 1953
213:
25:
2823:
2807:Extant Silurian first appearances
2168:
2069:Microscopy Research and Technique
2017:Microscopy Research and Technique
1998:
1952:
2201:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2012.02748.x
1838:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2006.00261.x
222:
70:
2475:
2426:
2369:
2258:
2232:Fish & Shellfish Immunology
2223:
1542:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2005
1532:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2005
1512:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2005
1502:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2005
1490:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2011
1413:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2009
1317:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2011
1306:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2018
1200:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2013
1190:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2019
1180:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2000
1160:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2019
1063:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2019
957:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2002
927:Glover & J. D. Taylor, 2016
907:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2021
887:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2016
867:Glover & J. D. Taylor, 2001
837:Glover & J. D. Taylor, 2016
807:Glover & J. D. Taylor, 2007
797:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2013
787:Glover & J. D. Taylor, 2001
686:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2021
645:Glover & J. D. Taylor, 2016
635:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2005
520:J. D. Taylor & Glover, 2011
2519:William Collins Publishers Ltd
2111:
2059:
1895:
1862:
1853:
274:, along with the evolution of
13:
1:
2521:, Auckland, New Zealand 1979
1875:. MIT Press. pp. 67–68.
1869:George R. McGhee Jr. (2019).
1805:
1285:H. Adams & A. Adams, 1857
240:
7:
2452:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.193
2394:10.1038/nmicrobiol.2016.195
2124:Nature Reviews Microbiology
1263:Olsson & Harbison, 1953
254:Symbionts are acquired via
10:
2828:
2181:Environmental Microbiology
2544:
2244:10.1016/j.fsi.2006.06.013
1984:10.1080/08912969009386528
1920:10.1007/s00253-011-3819-9
1562:Bouchet & Cosel, 2004
1469:Cosel & Bouchet, 2008
1459:Glover & Taylor, 2007
1449:Cosel & Bouchet, 2008
1393:Cosel & Bouchet, 2008
1362:Cosel & Bouchet, 2008
1230:Cosel & Bouchet, 2008
1210:Cosel & Bouchet, 2008
1073:Glover & Taylor, 2007
987:Glover & Taylor, 2007
977:Glover & Taylor, 2007
857:Glover & Taylor, 2007
749:Glover & Taylor, 2007
625:Glover & Taylor, 2007
615:Cosel & Bouchet, 2008
605:Taylor & Glover, 2005
582:Cosel & Bouchet, 2008
572:Cosel & Bouchet, 2008
304:
161:
156:
67:Scientific classification
65:
56:
47:
34:
2812:Chemosynthetic symbiosis
1678:Skeat & Madsen, 1898
2329:10.1126/science.1219973
301:into organic nitrogen.
59:Divaricella huttoniana
2751:Paleobiology Database
2487:www.marinespecies.org
234:Superlucina megameris
2515:New Zealand Mollusca
2439:Nature Microbiology
2382:Nature Microbiology
2321:2012Sci...336.1432V
2315:(6087): 1432–1434.
2279:2014Geo....42..803S
2193:2012EnvMi..14.1584G
2136:10.1038/nrmicro2262
1976:1990HBio....3..289S
709:Tenison Woods, 1881
291:Codakia orbicularis
261:Codakia orbicularis
2081:10.1002/jemt.22041
2029:10.1002/jemt.22458
1964:Historical Biology
947:P. G. Oliver, 1986
27:Family of bivalves
2779:
2778:
2738:Open Tree of Life
2538:Taxon identifiers
1882:978-0-262-35418-9
1800:
1789:
1778:
1767:
1756:
1745:
1734:
1723:
1712:
1701:
1690:
1679:
1668:
1657:
1646:
1635:
1624:
1613:
1602:
1591:
1573:
1563:
1553:
1552:Monterosato, 1883
1543:
1533:
1523:
1513:
1503:
1491:
1480:
1470:
1460:
1450:
1440:
1427:
1414:
1404:
1394:
1384:
1373:
1363:
1351:
1340:
1330:
1318:
1307:
1296:
1286:
1275:
1264:
1252:
1241:
1231:
1221:
1211:
1201:
1191:
1181:
1171:
1161:
1151:
1141:
1131:
1121:
1108:
1098:
1087:
1074:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1034:
1021:
1008:
998:
988:
978:
968:
958:
948:
938:
928:
918:
908:
898:
888:
878:
868:
858:
848:
838:
828:
827:von Martens, 1880
818:
808:
798:
788:
778:
760:
750:
740:
730:
720:
710:
698:
687:
677:
667:
656:
646:
636:
626:
616:
606:
596:
583:
573:
563:
553:
543:
533:
521:
510:
499:
488:
477:
466:
455:
432:
421:
408:
397:
384:
371:
358:
348:
335:
320:
295:Loripes lucinalis
168:
167:
152:
16:(Redirected from
2819:
2797:Bivalve families
2772:
2771:
2759:
2758:
2746:
2745:
2733:
2732:
2723:
2722:
2710:
2709:
2707:NHMSYS0021054607
2697:
2696:
2684:
2683:
2671:
2670:
2658:
2657:
2645:
2644:
2632:
2631:
2619:
2618:
2606:
2605:
2593:
2592:
2580:
2579:
2578:
2565:
2564:
2563:
2533:
2532:
2497:
2496:
2494:
2493:
2479:
2473:
2472:
2454:
2430:
2424:
2423:
2413:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2340:
2300:
2291:
2290:
2287:10.1130/g35942.1
2262:
2256:
2255:
2227:
2221:
2220:
2187:(6): 1584–1595.
2175:
2166:
2165:
2155:
2115:
2109:
2108:
2075:(8): 1136–1146.
2063:
2057:
2056:
2014:
2005:
1996:
1995:
1959:
1950:
1949:
1939:
1899:
1893:
1892:
1890:
1889:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1851:
1850:
1840:
1816:
1798:
1787:
1776:
1765:
1755:P. Fischer, 1887
1754:
1743:
1732:
1721:
1710:
1699:
1688:
1677:
1666:
1655:
1644:
1633:
1622:
1611:
1601:P. Fischer, 1887
1600:
1589:
1571:
1561:
1551:
1541:
1531:
1521:
1511:
1501:
1489:
1478:
1468:
1458:
1448:
1435:
1422:
1412:
1402:
1392:
1382:
1371:
1361:
1349:
1338:
1328:
1316:
1305:
1294:
1284:
1273:
1262:
1250:
1239:
1229:
1219:
1209:
1199:
1189:
1179:
1169:
1159:
1149:
1139:
1129:
1116:
1106:
1096:
1082:
1072:
1062:
1052:
1042:
1029:
1016:
1006:
996:
986:
976:
966:
956:
946:
936:
926:
916:
906:
896:
886:
876:
866:
856:
846:
836:
826:
816:
806:
796:
786:
776:
758:
748:
738:
728:
718:
708:
697:J. Fleming, 1828
696:
685:
675:
665:
654:
644:
634:
624:
614:
604:
591:
581:
571:
561:
551:
541:
531:
519:
508:
498:J. Sowerby, 1822
497:
486:
475:
464:
453:
430:
419:
406:
392:
379:
366:
356:
343:
330:
318:
299:fix nitrogen gas
276:seagrass meadows
147:
75:
74:
52:
38:Temporal range:
32:
31:
21:
2827:
2826:
2822:
2821:
2820:
2818:
2817:
2816:
2782:
2781:
2780:
2775:
2767:
2762:
2754:
2749:
2741:
2736:
2728:
2726:
2718:
2713:
2705:
2700:
2692:
2687:
2679:
2674:
2666:
2661:
2653:
2648:
2640:
2635:
2627:
2622:
2614:
2609:
2601:
2596:
2588:
2583:
2574:
2573:
2568:
2559:
2558:
2553:
2540:
2501:
2500:
2491:
2489:
2481:
2480:
2476:
2431:
2427:
2374:
2370:
2301:
2294:
2263:
2259:
2228:
2224:
2176:
2169:
2116:
2112:
2064:
2060:
2012:
2006:
1999:
1960:
1953:
1900:
1896:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1867:
1863:
1858:
1854:
1817:
1813:
1808:
1803:
725:Bathyaustriella
651:Pseudolucinisca
517:Leucosphaerinae
509:Stoliczka, 1871
465:Stoliczka, 1871
307:
280:mangrove swamps
243:
225:
216:
214:Characteristics
146:
69:
43:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2825:
2815:
2814:
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2773:
2760:
2747:
2734:
2724:
2711:
2698:
2685:
2672:
2659:
2646:
2633:
2620:
2607:
2594:
2581:
2566:
2550:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2530:
2529:
2508:
2505:
2499:
2498:
2474:
2425:
2368:
2292:
2273:(9): 803–806.
2257:
2238:(5): 498–509.
2222:
2167:
2130:(3): 218–230.
2110:
2058:
2023:(2): 173–179.
1997:
1970:(4): 289–311.
1951:
1894:
1881:
1861:
1852:
1831:(3): 421–438.
1810:
1809:
1807:
1804:
1802:
1801:
1799:Defrance, 1829
1790:
1779:
1768:
1757:
1746:
1735:
1724:
1713:
1711:Cossmann, 1912
1702:
1691:
1680:
1669:
1658:
1647:
1636:
1625:
1614:
1603:
1592:
1580:
1579:
1575:
1574:
1564:
1554:
1544:
1534:
1524:
1514:
1504:
1493:
1492:
1487:Pegophyseminae
1482:
1481:
1471:
1461:
1451:
1441:
1428:
1415:
1405:
1395:
1385:
1374:
1364:
1358:Elliptiolucina
1353:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1331:
1320:
1319:
1309:
1308:
1298:
1287:
1277:
1274:Cossmann, 1912
1266:
1254:
1253:
1243:
1242:
1232:
1222:
1212:
1202:
1192:
1182:
1172:
1162:
1152:
1142:
1132:
1122:
1109:
1099:
1088:
1075:
1065:
1055:
1045:
1043:Brugnone, 1880
1035:
1022:
1009:
999:
989:
979:
969:
959:
949:
939:
929:
919:
913:Indoaustriella
909:
899:
889:
879:
877:Cossmann, 1904
869:
859:
849:
839:
829:
819:
809:
799:
789:
779:
769:
762:
751:
741:
731:
721:
711:
700:
699:
689:
688:
678:
668:
657:
647:
637:
627:
617:
607:
597:
584:
574:
564:
554:
544:
534:
523:
522:
512:
511:
500:
489:
487:Cossmann, 1897
478:
476:Cossmann, 1892
467:
456:
445:
433:
431:Cossmann, 1907
422:
410:
409:
399:
398:
385:
372:
359:
349:
336:
322:
321:
311:
306:
303:
297:, are able to
242:
239:
224:
221:
215:
212:
175:hatchet shells
173:, common name
166:
165:
159:
158:
154:
153:
141:
137:
136:
131:
127:
126:
121:
117:
116:
111:
107:
106:
101:
97:
96:
91:
87:
86:
81:
77:
76:
63:
62:
54:
53:
45:
44:
37:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2824:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2770:
2765:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2739:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2721:
2716:
2712:
2708:
2703:
2699:
2695:
2690:
2686:
2682:
2677:
2673:
2669:
2664:
2660:
2656:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2638:
2634:
2630:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2612:
2608:
2604:
2599:
2595:
2591:
2586:
2582:
2577:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2552:
2551:
2549:
2547:
2543:
2539:
2534:
2528:
2527:0-00-216906-1
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2509:
2506:
2503:
2502:
2488:
2484:
2478:
2470:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2440:
2436:
2429:
2421:
2417:
2412:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2372:
2364:
2360:
2356:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2330:
2326:
2322:
2318:
2314:
2310:
2306:
2299:
2297:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2276:
2272:
2268:
2261:
2253:
2249:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2226:
2218:
2214:
2210:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2182:
2174:
2172:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2114:
2106:
2102:
2098:
2094:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2062:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2038:
2034:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2018:
2011:
2004:
2002:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1958:
1956:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1905:
1898:
1884:
1878:
1874:
1873:
1865:
1856:
1848:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1815:
1811:
1797:
1796:
1791:
1788:Stewart, 1930
1786:
1785:
1780:
1775:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1742:
1741:
1736:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1722:Marwick, 1931
1720:
1719:
1714:
1709:
1708:
1703:
1698:
1697:
1692:
1687:
1686:
1681:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1653:
1648:
1645:Stewart, 1930
1643:
1642:
1637:
1634:Marwick, 1948
1632:
1631:
1626:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1612:Stewart, 1930
1610:
1609:
1604:
1599:
1598:
1593:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1581:
1577:
1576:
1572:Stewart, 1930
1570:
1569:
1565:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1539:
1535:
1530:
1529:
1528:Cryptophysema
1525:
1522:Iredale, 1930
1520:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1509:
1505:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1494:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1477:
1476:
1472:
1467:
1466:
1462:
1457:
1456:
1452:
1447:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1434:
1433:
1429:
1425:
1421:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1410:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1391:
1390:
1386:
1381:
1380:
1375:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1360:
1359:
1355:
1354:
1348:
1344:
1343:
1339:Iredale, 1930
1337:
1336:
1332:
1329:Iredale, 1930
1327:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1315:
1314:Monitilorinae
1311:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1299:
1295:Marwick, 1931
1293:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1282:
1278:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1255:
1249:
1245:
1244:
1240:Iredale, 1930
1238:
1237:
1233:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1217:
1213:
1208:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1193:
1188:
1187:
1183:
1178:
1177:
1173:
1170:Britton, 1972
1168:
1167:
1163:
1158:
1157:
1156:Pusillolucina
1153:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1133:
1128:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1114:
1110:
1107:Agassiz, 1846
1105:
1104:
1100:
1095:
1094:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1080:
1076:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1056:
1053:Iredale, 1930
1051:
1050:
1046:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1015:
1014:
1010:
1005:
1004:
1000:
995:
994:
990:
985:
984:
980:
975:
974:
970:
965:
964:
960:
955:
954:
953:Lamellolucina
950:
945:
944:
940:
935:
934:
930:
925:
924:
920:
915:
914:
910:
905:
904:
900:
895:
894:
890:
885:
884:
880:
875:
874:
870:
865:
864:
860:
855:
854:
850:
845:
844:
843:Falsolucinoma
840:
835:
834:
830:
825:
824:
820:
815:
814:
810:
805:
804:
800:
795:
794:
793:Clathrolucina
790:
785:
784:
780:
775:
774:
770:
768:
767:
763:
757:
756:
752:
747:
746:
742:
737:
736:
732:
727:
726:
722:
717:
716:
712:
707:
706:
702:
701:
695:
691:
690:
684:
683:
679:
674:
673:
669:
666:Strougo, 1975
664:
663:
658:
653:
652:
648:
643:
642:
638:
633:
632:
628:
623:
622:
618:
613:
612:
608:
603:
602:
598:
594:
590:
589:
585:
580:
579:
575:
570:
569:
565:
560:
559:
555:
550:
549:
545:
540:
539:
535:
530:
529:
525:
524:
518:
514:
513:
507:
506:
501:
496:
495:
490:
485:
484:
483:Schafhaeutlia
479:
474:
473:
468:
463:
462:
457:
454:Marwick, 1953
452:
451:
446:
443:
439:
438:
434:
429:
428:
427:Cyclopellatia
423:
418:
417:
412:
411:
405:
401:
400:
395:
391:
390:
386:
382:
378:
377:
373:
369:
365:
364:
360:
357:Iredale, 1936
355:
354:
350:
346:
342:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:
324:
323:
319:Iredale, 1937
317:
313:
312:
310:
302:
300:
296:
292:
287:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
264:
262:
257:
252:
249:
238:
236:
235:
230:
223:Fossil record
220:
211:
209:
205:
201:
200:endosymbiosis
196:
194:
191:
188:
184:
181:of saltwater
180:
176:
172:
164:
160:
155:
150:
145:
142:
139:
138:
135:
132:
130:Superfamily:
129:
128:
125:
122:
119:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
98:
95:
92:
89:
88:
85:
82:
79:
78:
73:
68:
64:
61:
60:
55:
51:
46:
41:
33:
30:
19:
2545:
2514:
2511:Powell A W B
2490:. Retrieved
2486:
2477:
2445:(1): 16193.
2442:
2438:
2428:
2388:(1): 16195.
2385:
2381:
2371:
2312:
2308:
2270:
2266:
2260:
2235:
2231:
2225:
2184:
2180:
2127:
2123:
2113:
2072:
2068:
2061:
2020:
2016:
1967:
1963:
1911:
1907:
1897:
1886:. Retrieved
1871:
1864:
1855:
1828:
1824:
1814:
1793:
1782:
1777:Finlay, 1926
1771:
1766:Chavan, 1942
1760:
1751:Pseudomiltha
1749:
1744:Speden, 1970
1740:Nymphalucina
1738:
1727:
1716:
1707:Microloripes
1705:
1700:Chavan, 1938
1694:
1689:Chavan, 1951
1683:
1672:
1667:Chavan, 1946
1661:
1656:Chavan, 1937
1650:
1639:
1628:
1617:
1608:Claibornites
1606:
1595:
1584:
1566:
1558:Meganodontia
1556:
1546:
1536:
1526:
1516:
1508:Bythosphaera
1506:
1496:
1475:Tellidorella
1473:
1463:
1453:
1445:Rostrilucina
1443:
1430:
1417:
1407:
1397:
1387:
1383:Chavan, 1951
1377:
1366:
1356:
1350:Chavan, 1969
1335:Prophetilora
1333:
1323:
1300:
1289:
1279:
1268:
1257:
1251:Chavan, 1969
1234:
1224:
1214:
1206:Semelilucina
1204:
1196:Scabrilucina
1194:
1184:
1174:
1164:
1154:
1146:Pompholigina
1144:
1134:
1126:Pleurolucina
1124:
1111:
1101:
1097:Olsson, 1964
1091:
1077:
1067:
1057:
1047:
1037:
1024:
1011:
1001:
991:
981:
973:Lepidolucina
971:
961:
951:
941:
931:
921:
911:
903:Imparilucina
901:
891:
881:
871:
861:
851:
841:
831:
821:
817:Chavan, 1951
811:
801:
791:
781:
777:Chavan, 1937
771:
766:Cardiolucina
764:
759:Chavan, 1961
755:Callucinella
753:
743:
733:
723:
719:Chavan, 1938
713:
703:
680:
670:
660:
655:Chavan, 1959
649:
639:
629:
619:
609:
601:Leucosphaera
599:
586:
576:
566:
556:
546:
536:
526:
503:
492:
481:
470:
459:
448:
435:
425:
420:Monari, 2003
414:
387:
374:
361:
351:
338:
325:
308:
294:
290:
288:
265:
260:
256:phagocytosis
253:
244:
232:
226:
217:
197:
174:
170:
169:
162:
143:
57:
29:
2663:iNaturalist
2570:Wikispecies
1914:(1): 1–10.
1773:Pteromyrtea
1762:Pterolucina
1733:Sacco, 1901
1568:Pegophysema
1538:Euanodontia
1498:Afrophysema
1479:Berry, 1963
1403:Cosel, 2006
1379:Gardnerella
1302:Retrolucina
1226:Troendleina
1166:Radiolucina
1136:Plicolucina
1079:Parvilucina
1069:Parvidontia
1018:Monterosato
1007:Bruguière,
967:Cosel, 2006
937:Cosel, 2006
873:Gibbolucina
847:Cosel, 2006
823:Divaricella
803:Discolucina
715:Barbierella
676:Cosel, 2006
532:Cosel, 2006
472:Parvicorbis
407:Nicol, 1950
206:-oxidizing
2786:Categories
2492:2022-11-24
1888:2022-08-23
1806:References
1784:Saxolucina
1729:Myrteopsis
1696:Mesomiltha
1652:Jagolucina
1623:Kiel, 2013
1597:Cavilucina
1590:Kiel, 2013
1518:Cavatidens
1485:Subfamily
1455:Solelucina
1432:Notomyrtea
1372:Dall, 1901
1345:Subfamily
1325:Monitilora
1312:Subfamily
1291:Milthoidea
1259:Armimiltha
1246:Subfamily
1186:Rugalucina
1150:Dall, 1901
1130:Dall, 1901
1049:Nevenulora
997:Poli, 1791
983:Liralucina
963:Lamylucina
943:Keletistes
897:Gabb, 1866
739:Dall, 1901
705:Austriella
692:Subfamily
682:Ustalucina
672:Tinalucina
631:Neophysema
611:Minilucina
588:Gonimyrtea
578:Epidulcina
562:Dall, 1901
552:Link, 1807
542:Habe, 1958
528:Afrolucina
515:Subfamily
505:Sphaeriola
442:Fimbriidae
404:Fimbriinae
402:Subfamily
363:Epicodakia
353:Divalucina
316:Codakiinae
314:Subfamily
272:Cretaceous
163:See text.
134:Lucinoidea
18:Lucinoidea
2792:Lucinidae
2603:Lucinidae
2590:Lucinidae
2576:Lucinidae
2546:Lucinidae
2461:2058-5276
2402:2058-5276
2347:0036-8075
2209:1462-2920
2144:1740-1526
2089:1097-0029
2037:1097-0029
1992:0891-2963
1928:0175-7598
1847:0024-4082
1685:Mesolinga
1674:Luciniola
1641:Eophysema
1586:Amanocina
1548:Loripinus
1465:Taylorina
1389:Gloverina
1347:Myrteinae
1248:Milthinae
1236:Wallucina
1216:Stewartia
1113:Pillucina
1103:Phacoides
1093:Paslucina
1039:Megaxinus
1026:Lucinisca
1013:Lucinella
883:Guyanella
863:Funafutia
853:Ferrocina
833:Easmithia
813:Divalinga
773:Cavilinga
735:Bourdotia
694:Lucininae
641:Opalocina
558:Callucina
548:Anodontia
538:Alucinoma
376:Epilucina
284:holobiont
248:symbionts
241:Symbiosis
171:Lucinidae
144:Lucinidae
90:Kingdom:
84:Eukaryota
42:– Present
35:Lucinidae
2642:46472373
2561:Q1519136
2555:Wikidata
2469:27775698
2420:27775707
2363:27806510
2355:22700927
2252:17169576
2217:22672589
2162:20157340
2097:22438018
2053:24772017
2045:25429862
1946:22354364
1718:Milthona
1663:Jagonoma
1409:Jorgenia
1399:Graecina
1270:Eomiltha
1059:Notocina
933:Joellina
923:Jallenia
783:Chavania
745:Bretskya
461:Mutiella
450:Haastina
416:Cerkesia
389:Lucinoma
268:Silurian
231:species
208:bacteria
204:sulphide
193:molluscs
140:Family:
124:Lucinida
114:Bivalvia
104:Mollusca
100:Phylum:
94:Animalia
80:Domain:
40:Silurian
2411:6872982
2317:Bibcode
2309:Science
2275:Bibcode
2267:Geology
2189:Bibcode
2153:2967712
2105:7250847
1972:Bibcode
1937:3304057
1795:Volupia
1619:Cubatea
1437:Iredale
1368:Eulopia
1118:Pilsbry
993:Loripes
621:Myrtina
593:Marwick
568:Dulcina
494:Sphaera
437:Fimbria
368:Iredale
332:Scopoli
327:Codakia
190:bivalve
177:, is a
157:Genera
149:Fleming
120:Order:
110:Class:
2743:637283
2727:NZOR:
2681:104810
2525:
2467:
2459:
2418:
2408:
2400:
2361:
2353:
2345:
2250:
2215:
2207:
2160:
2150:
2142:
2103:
2095:
2087:
2051:
2043:
2035:
1990:
1944:
1934:
1926:
1879:
1845:
1630:Dilora
1439:, 1924
1426:, 1822
1424:Turton
1419:Myrtea
1281:Miltha
1120:, 1921
1086:, 1901
1033:, 1901
1020:, 1883
1003:Lucina
595:, 1929
396:, 1901
383:, 1901
370:, 1930
347:, 1860
334:, 1777
305:Genera
229:Eocene
187:marine
179:family
151:, 1828
2764:WoRMS
2756:60971
2720:42655
2694:80385
2676:IRMNG
2668:83709
2629:7NJKF
2359:S2CID
2101:S2CID
2049:S2CID
2013:(PDF)
1176:Rasta
662:Rawya
345:Mörch
340:Ctena
202:with
183:clams
2715:NCBI
2689:ITIS
2655:3455
2650:GBIF
2611:BOLD
2523:ISBN
2465:PMID
2457:ISSN
2416:PMID
2398:ISSN
2351:PMID
2343:ISSN
2248:PMID
2213:PMID
2205:ISSN
2158:PMID
2140:ISSN
2093:PMID
2085:ISSN
2041:PMID
2033:ISSN
1988:ISSN
1942:PMID
1924:ISSN
1877:ISBN
1843:ISSN
1084:Dall
1031:Dall
893:Here
394:Dall
381:Dall
293:and
278:and
2769:218
2702:NBN
2637:EoL
2624:CoL
2616:642
2598:AFD
2585:ADW
2447:doi
2406:PMC
2390:doi
2333:hdl
2325:doi
2313:336
2283:doi
2240:doi
2197:doi
2148:PMC
2132:doi
2077:doi
2025:doi
1980:doi
1932:PMC
1916:doi
1833:doi
1829:148
227:An
2788::
2766::
2753::
2740::
2717::
2704::
2691::
2678::
2665::
2652::
2639::
2626::
2613::
2600::
2587::
2572::
2557::
2517:,
2513:,
2485:.
2463:.
2455:.
2441:.
2437:.
2414:.
2404:.
2396:.
2384:.
2380:.
2357:.
2349:.
2341:.
2331:.
2323:.
2311:.
2307:.
2295:^
2281:.
2271:42
2269:.
2246:.
2236:22
2234:.
2211:.
2203:.
2195:.
2185:14
2183:.
2170:^
2156:.
2146:.
2138:.
2126:.
2122:.
2099:.
2091:.
2083:.
2073:75
2071:.
2047:.
2039:.
2031:.
2021:78
2019:.
2015:.
2000:^
1986:.
1978:.
1966:.
1954:^
1940:.
1930:.
1922:.
1912:94
1910:.
1906:.
1841:.
1827:.
1823:.
1792:†
1781:†
1770:†
1759:†
1748:†
1737:†
1726:†
1715:†
1704:†
1693:†
1682:†
1671:†
1660:†
1649:†
1638:†
1627:†
1616:†
1605:†
1594:†
1583:†
1376:†
1090:†
659:†
502:†
491:†
480:†
469:†
458:†
447:†
424:†
413:†
210:.
195:.
185:,
2495:.
2471:.
2449::
2443:2
2422:.
2392::
2386:2
2365:.
2335::
2327::
2319::
2289:.
2285::
2277::
2254:.
2242::
2219:.
2199::
2191::
2164:.
2134::
2128:8
2107:.
2079::
2055:.
2027::
1994:.
1982::
1974::
1968:3
1948:.
1918::
1891:.
1849:.
1835::
1297:†
1276:†
1265:†
761:†
444:)
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
.jpg)
