43:
843:(MAP) measured using an arterial catheter or by continuous, non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring which measures intra-operative blood pressure beat-by-beat throughout surgery. A MAP <65 mmHg is considered hypotension. Intra-operative hypotension <65 mmHg can lead to an increased risk of acute kidney injury, myocardial injury or post-operative stroke. While an incidental finding of hypotension during a routine blood pressure measurement may not be particularly worrying, a substantial drop in blood pressure following standing, exercise or eating can be associated with symptoms and may have implications for future health. A drop in blood pressure after standing, termed postural or orthostatic hypotension, is defined as a decrease in supine-to-standing BP >20 mm Hg systolic or >10 mm Hg diastolic within 3 minutes of standing. Orthostatic hypotension is associated with increased risk of future cardiovascular events and mortality.
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830:
is at or below 120/80 mmHg. If the systolic blood pressure is <90 mmHg or the diastolic blood pressure is <60 mmHg, it would be classified as hypotension. However, occasional blood pressure readings below 90/60 mmHg are not infrequent in the general population, and, in the absence of some
876:
Hypotensive shock treatment always follows the first four following steps. Outcomes, in terms of mortality, are directly linked to the speed that hypotension is corrected. Still-debated methods are in parentheses, as are benchmarks for evaluating progress in correcting hypotension. A study on septic
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during the treatment of hypotension because their oxygen levels drop more rapidly than adults. The closing of fetal shunts following birth can create instability in the "transitional circulation" of the fetus, and often creates a state of hypotension following birth; while many infants can overcome
1088:
The clinical history provided by the caretaker is the most important part in determining the cause of hypotension in pediatric patients. Symptoms for children with hypotension include increased sleepiness, not using the restroom as much (or at all), having difficulty breathing or breathing rapidly,
2473:
Ripollés
Melchor, J.; Espinosa, Ă; MartĂnez Hurtado, E.; Casans FrancĂ©s, R.; Navarro PĂ©rez, R.; Abad Gurumeta, A.; Calvo Vecino, J. M. (September 2015). "Colloids versus crystalloids in the prevention of hypotension induced by spinal anesthesia in elective cesarean section. A systematic review and
654:, is a common form of low blood pressure. It occurs after a change in body position, typically when a person stands up from either a seated or lying position. It is usually transient and represents a delay in the normal compensatory ability of the autonomic nervous system. It is commonly seen in
328:
For many people, low blood pressure goes unnoticed. For some people, low blood pressure may be a sign of an underlying health condition, especially when it drops suddenly or occurs with symptoms. Older adults also have a higher risk of symptoms of low blood pressure, such as falls, fainting, or
859:
Treatment depends on what causes low blood pressure. Treatment may not be needed for asymptomatic low blood pressure. Depending on symptoms, treatment may include drinking more fluids to prevent dehydration, taking medicines to raise blood pressure, or adjusting medicines that cause low blood
868:
can also be effective. Chronic hypotension rarely exists as more than a symptom. In mild cases, where the patient is still responsive, laying the person on their back and lifting the legs increases venous return, thus making more blood available to critical organs in the chest and head. The
776:, which lowers it. The vast and rapid compensation abilities of the autonomic nervous system allow normal individuals to maintain an acceptable blood pressure over a wide range of activities and in many disease states. Even small alterations in these networks can lead to hypotension.
662:, can have this side effect. Simple blood pressure and heart rate measurements while lying, seated, and standing (with a two-minute delay in between each position change) can confirm the presence of orthostatic hypotension. Taking these measurements is known as
2380:
Singer, Mervyn; Deutschman, Clifford S.; Seymour, Christopher Warren; Shankar-Hari, Manu; Annane, Djillali; Bauer, Michael; Bellomo, Rinaldo; Bernard, Gordon R.; Chiche, Jean-Daniel; Coopersmith, Craig M.; Hotchkiss, Richard S. (2016-02-23).
42:
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to maintain enough blood pressure to perfuse vital organs, such as the brain. Postprandial hypotension is believed to be caused by the autonomic nervous system not compensating appropriately, because of aging or a specific disorder.
689:. Patients will feel sudden, unprovoked lightheadedness, sweating, changes in vision, and finally a loss of consciousness. Consciousness will often return rapidly once patient is lying down and the blood pressure returns to normal.
2196:
Hylands, M; Moller, MH; Asfar, P; Toma, A; Frenette, AJ; Beaudoin, N; Belley-CĂŽtĂ©, Ă; D'Aragon, F; Laake, JH; Siemieniuk, RA; Charbonney, E; Lauzier, F; Kwong, J; Rochwerg, B; Vandvik, PO; Guyatt, G; Lamontagne, F (July 2017).
1727:
Bornstein, Stefan R.; Allolio, Bruno; Arlt, Wiebke; Barthel, Andreas; Don-Wauchope, Andrew; Hammer, Gary D.; Husebye, Eystein S.; Merke, Deborah P.; Murad, M. Hassan; Stratakis, Constantine A.; Torpy, David J. (February 2016).
1316:
Flynn, Joseph T.; Kaelber, David C.; Baker-Smith, Carissa M.; Blowey, Douglas; Carroll, Aaron E.; Daniels, Stephen R.; Ferranti, Sarah D. de; Dionne, Janis M.; Falkner, Bonita; Flinn, Susan K.; Gidding, Samuel S. (2017-09-01).
3023:
Divisón-Garrote, Juan A.; Banegas, José R.; De la Cruz, Juan J.; Escobar-Cervantes, Carlos; De la Sierra, Alejandro; Gorostidi, Manuel; Vinyoles, Ernest; Abellån-Aleman, José; Segura, Juliån; Ruilope, Luis M. (2016-09-01).
1543:
Oparil, Suzanne; Acelajado, Maria
Czarina; Bakris, George L.; Berlowitz, Dan R.; CĂfkovĂĄ, Renata; Dominiczak, Anna F.; Grassi, Guido; Jordan, Jens; Poulter, Neil R.; Rodgers, Anthony; Whelton, Paul K. (22 March 2018).
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this hypotension through the closing of shunts, a mean blood pressure (MBP) of lower than 30 mmHg is correlated with severe cerebral injury and can be experienced by premature infants who have poor shunt closure.
304:
For some people who exercise and are in top physical condition, low blood pressure could be normal. A single session of exercise can induce hypotension and water-based exercise can induce a hypotensive response.
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of less than 60 mmHg is generally considered to be hypotension. Different numbers apply to children. However, in practice, blood pressure is considered too low only if noticeable symptoms are present.
666:. Orthostatic hypotension is indicated if there is a drop of 20 mmHg in systolic pressure (and a 10 mmHg drop in diastolic pressure in some facilities) and a 20 beats per minute increase in heart rate.
831:
pathological cause, hypotension appears to be a relatively benign condition in most people. The diagnosis of hypotension is usually made by measuring blood pressure, either non-invasively with a
2560:
Mitchell ES, Slettenaar M, vd Meer N, Transler C, Jans L, Quadt F, Berry M (2011). "Differential contributions of theobromine and caffeine on mood, psychomotor performance and blood pressure".
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The treatment for hypotension in pediatric patients is similar to the treatment in adults by following the four first steps listed above (see
Treatment). Children are more likely to undergo
999:
is the first-line therapy (in the absence of heart failure) for patients with chronic hypotension or resistant orthostatic hypotension. It works by increasing the intravascular volume.
3480:
Bentzer, P; Griesdale, DE; Boyd, J; MacLean, K; Sirounis, D; Ayas, NT (27 September 2016). "Will This
Hemodynamically Unstable Patient Respond to a Bolus of Intravenous Fluids?".
2264:
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PaveliÄ, Antun; Krbot SkoriÄ, Magdalena; CrnoĆĄija, Luka; Habek, Mario (August 2017). "Postprandial hypotension in neurological disorders: systematic review and meta-analysis".
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shock provided the delineation of these general principles. However, since it focuses on hypotension due to infection, it is not applicable to all forms of severe hypotension.
223:
state rather than a disease. Severely low blood pressure can deprive the brain and other vital organs of oxygen and nutrients, leading to a life-threatening condition called
3211:
Walsh, M., Devereaux, P. et al. Relationship between
Intraoperative Mean Arterial Pressure and Clinical Outcomes a er Noncardiac Surgery. Anaesthesiology. 2013;119:507-515.
2043:
3220:
Bijker J., Persoon S., Peelen L., et al. Intraoperative
Hypotension and Perioperative Ischemic Stroke a er General Surgery. Anesthesiology. 2012;116(3):658-664.
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Hunter, Benton R.; Martindale, Jennifer; Abdel-Hafez, Osama; Pang, Peter S. (September 2017). "Approach to Acute Heart
Failure in the Emergency Department".
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hypotension, a drastic decline in blood pressure that occurs 30 to 75 minutes after eating substantial meals. When a great deal of blood is diverted to the
3312:
Chisholm, Peter; Anpalahan, Mahesan (April 2017). "Orthostatic hypotension: pathophysiology, assessment, treatment and the paradox of supine hypertension".
681:
characterized by an inappropriate drop in blood pressure while in the upright position. Vasovagal syncope occurs as a result of increased activity of the
2623:
523:
can lead to hypotension. Beta blockers can cause hypotension both by slowing the heart rate and by decreasing the pumping ability of the heart muscle.
512:. Low blood pressure may also be attributed to heat stroke which can be indicated by absence of perspiration, light headedness and dark colored urine.
3026:"Hypotension based on office and ambulatory monitoring blood pressure. Prevalence and clinical profile among a cohort of 70,997 treated hypertensives"
320:(MAP) of greater than 70 mmHg does not appear to result in better outcomes than trying to achieve an MAP of greater than 65 mmHg in adults.
3195:
508:; insufficient fluid intake, as in starvation; or excessive fluid losses from diarrhea or vomiting. Hypovolemia can be induced by excessive use of
2263:
Perner, Anders; Cecconi, Maurizio; Cronhjort, Maria; Darmon, Michael; Jakob, Stephan M.; PettilÀ, Ville; van der Horst, Iwan C. C. (June 2018).
1199:
1117:, meaning "'strain" or "tightness". This refers to the under-constriction of the blood vessels and arteries which leads to low blood pressure.
908:(MAP) of greater than 70 mmHg does not appear to result in better outcomes than trying to achieve a MAP of greater than 65 mmHg in adults.
53:
Image showing patient having blood pressure checked. Systolic blood pressure less than 90 mmHg is considered hypotension (low blood pressure)
1650:
3076:
Chobanian AV, Bakris GL, Black HR, Cushman WC, Green LA, Izzo JL, Jones DW, Materson BJ, Oparil S, Wright JT, Roccella EJ (December 2003).
2789:"The Safety, Tolerability and Risks Associated with the Use of Newer Generation Antidepressant Drugs: A Critical Review of the Literature"
336:
Low blood pressure is sometimes associated with certain symptoms, many of which are related to causes rather than effects of hypotension:
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and as a result of various medications. In addition to blood pressure-lowering medications, many psychiatric medications, in particular
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1224:
577:, an intrinsic abnormality in autonomic system functioning, can also lead to hypotension. Excessive vasodilation can also result from
1262:
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problems. Some medications can also lead to hypotension. There are also syndromes that can cause hypotension in patients including
171:
is the force of blood pushing against the walls of the arteries as the heart pumps out blood and is indicated by two numbers, the
2681:
Freeman, Roy; Abuzinadah, Ahmad R.; Gibbons, Christopher; Jones, Pearl; Miglis, Mitchell G.; Sinn, Dong In (11 September 2018).
3894:
4266:
3124:"Arterial hypotension: prevalence of low blood pressure in the general population using ambulatory blood pressure monitoring"
1916:
Jardine, David L.; Wieling, Wouter; Brignole, Michele; Lenders, Jacques W. M.; Sutton, Richard; Stewart, Julian (June 2018).
1175:
1866:
Joseph, Adrien; Wanono, Ruben; Flamant, Martin; Vidal-Petiot, Emmanuelle (April 2017). "Orthostatic hypotension: A review".
4271:
3078:"Seventh report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure"
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The definition of hypotension changes in the pediatric population depending on the child's age as seen in the table below.
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For many people, excessively low blood pressure can cause dizziness and fainting or indicate serious heart, endocrine or
2239:
586:
17:
3735:"Constriction of Ear Arteries from Normotensive and Renal Hypertensive Rabbits against Different Transmural Pressures"
2051:
1497:
Bett, Glenna C. L. (1 May 2016). "Hormones and sex differences: changes in cardiac electrophysiology with pregnancy".
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Rivers, E; Nguyen, B; Havstad, S; Ressler, J; Muzzin, A; Knoblich, B; Peterson, E; Tomlanovich, M (8 November 2001).
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2091:"Hypotensive response after water-walking and land-walking exercise sessions in healthy trained and untrained women"
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4038:
4053:
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is given to patients with neurogenic orthostatic hypotension and it works through increasing vascular volume and
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1006:
968:
Chronic hypotension sometimes requires the use of medications. Some medications that are commonly used include
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773:
686:
594:
570:
98:, nausea, blurred vision, shakiness, breathlessness, increased thirst, irregular heartbeat, chest pain, fever,
1378:
847:
are frequently measured to assist with the diagnosis of orthostatic hypotension, and may involve the use of a
4184:
1319:"Clinical Practice Guideline for Screening and Management of High Blood Pressure in Children and Adolescents"
1216:
2620:
2089:
Rodriguez, D; Silva, V; Prestes, J; Rica, RL; Serra, AJ; Bocalini, DS; Pontes FL, Jr; Silva, Valter (2011).
1730:"Diagnosis and Treatment of Primary Adrenal Insufficiency: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline"
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4114:
714:
2984:"The IOC consensus statement: beyond the Female Athlete TriadâRelative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S)"
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4231:
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3907:
769:
566:
4630:
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4221:
4174:
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Low, Phillip A. (October 2015). "Neurogenic orthostatic hypotension: pathophysiology and diagnosis".
2199:"A systematic review of vasopressor blood pressure targets in critically ill adults with hypotension"
793:
308:
Treatment depends on what causes low blood pressure. Treatment of hypotension may include the use of
4615:
4428:
4382:
4377:
4201:
4179:
3829:
753:
602:
590:
531:
164:
839:(mostly in an intensive care setting). Another way to diagnose low blood pressure is by using the
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4652:
4134:
4129:
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4063:
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Carvalho, André F.; Sharma, Manu S.; Brunoni, André R.; Vieta, Eduard; Fava, Giovanni A. (2016).
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287:
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blood pressure (the bottom number), which are the maximum and minimum blood pressures within the
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Gamper, G; Havel, C; Arrich, J; Losert, H; Pace, NL; MĂŒllner, M; Herkner, H (15 February 2016).
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Tewelde, Semhar Z.; Liu, Stanley S.; Winters, Michael E. (February 2018). "Cardiogenic Shock".
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267:
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63:
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3365:"BestBets: Use of the Trendelenburg Position to Improve Hemodynamics During Hypovolemic Shock"
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dizziness when standing or after a meal. If the blood pressure is sufficiently low, fainting (
207:, confusion, feeling tired, weakness, headache, blurred vision, nausea, neck or back pain, an
4647:
4392:
4251:
4243:
4211:
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963:
939:
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Kalkwarf, Kyle J.; Cotton, Bryan A. (December 2017). "Resuscitation for
Hypovolemic Shock".
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Depiction of a hypotension (low blood pressure) patient getting her blood pressure checked
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2383:"The Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)"
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Mendelson, Jenny (May 2018). "Emergency
Department Management of Pediatric Shock".
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733:, which is characterized by cold hands and feet and predisposes to normal tension
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Other medications can produce hypotension by different mechanisms. Chronic use of
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4004:
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2627:
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3384:"Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock"
1933:
744:, sometimes known as the female athlete triad, although it can also affect men.
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3517:"Orthostatic Hypotension: A Practical Approach to Investigation and Management"
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is a therapy used for severe orthostatic hypotension, and works by increasing
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The best way to determine if a person will benefit from fluids is by doing a
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Ensure adequate tissue perfusion (maintain SvO2 >70 with use of blood or
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activity occurring as a consequence of injury to the brain or spinal cord.
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to a diet can relieve symptoms of mild hypotension, and a morning dose of
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Sharma, Sandeep; Hashmi, Muhammad F.; Bhattacharya, Priyanka T. (2019),
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Thermoregulation: From Basic
Neuroscience to Clinical Neurology, Part II
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Grand Rapids Medical Education & Research/Michigan State University
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are used for primary autonomic dysfunction by increasing vascular tone.
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706:
702:
616:, which can also interact with several medications. An example is the
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67:
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3647:"The Pathophysiology of Low Systemic Blood Flow in the Preterm Infant"
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1170:. Preceded by: Costanzo, Linda S. (Sixth ed.). Philadelphia, PA.
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3232:"2018 ESC/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension"
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1002:
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2332:. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. Vol. 157. pp. 531â545.
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1147:. Citing: The American Heritage Science Dictionary Copyright 2005
765:
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184:
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95:
2930:
1217:"High Blood Pressure Fact Sheet|Data & Statistics|DHDSP|CDC"
504:, is the most common cause of hypotension. This can result from
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2642:"Effects of theobromine should be considered in future studies"
2139:
1865:
1016:
989:
578:
482:
453:
398:
263:
227:. Shock is classified based on the underlying cause, including
211:
or feeling that the heart is skipping beats or fluttering, and
3179:
2630:. Chemistry.about.com (May 12, 2013). Retrieved on 2013-05-30.
2265:"Expert statement for the management of hypovolemia in sepsis"
1991:
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1915:
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279:
2328:
Al Mahri, Saeed; Bouchama, Abderrezak (2018). "Heatstroke".
2262:
1792:
Laurent, Stéphane (October 2017). "Antihypertensive drugs".
626:, which lowers blood pressure through its actions as both a
561:, or insufficient constriction of the blood vessels (mostly
4315:
3479:
3075:
2594:
Theobromine ... lowered blood pressure relative to placebo
2069:
2047:
1726:
1604:
Vieth, Julie T.; Lane, David R. (December 2017). "Anemia".
219:, which is high blood pressure. It is best understood as a
3381:
2786:
546:), often produces hypotension and can rapidly progress to
2088:
896:(all seem equivalent with respect to risk of death, with
367:, feeling that the heart is skipping beats, or fluttering
3276:
2511:"Role of natural herbs in the treatment of hypertension"
3430:
2683:"Orthostatic Hypotension: JACC State-of-the-Art Review"
2605:
2195:
1992:
Konieczka Katarzyna; Rich Robert; et al. (2014).
873:, though used historically, is no longer recommended.
4685:
3030:
Journal of the American Society of Hypertension: JASH
2885:
QJM: Monthly Journal of the Association of Physicians
918:
Address the underlying problem (i.e., antibiotic for
597:). Many anesthetic agents and techniques, including
565:), causes hypotension. This can be due to decreased
3929:
3780:
2036:
1734:
The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
1385:. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
1298:. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research
167:
characterized by abnormally reduced blood pressure.
3577:
University of Iowa Stead Family Children's Hospital
2508:
2240:"Low Blood Pressure: Can it affect your pregnancy?"
1651:"How a Vitamin B Deficiency Affects Blood Pressure"
1861:
1859:
1165:
634:, and has been used to treat high blood pressure.
3362:
3311:
3121:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1843:
1841:
1839:
1680:
1376:
1289:
612:Lower blood pressure is a side effect of certain
4709:
3515:Arnold, Amy C.; Raj, Satish R. (December 2017).
3122:Owens, Pe; Lyons, Sp; OâBrien, Et (2000-04-01).
2621:Theobromine Chemistry â Theobromine in Chocolate
2610:. Philosophical Library. pp. 311, 530, 573.
2608:Dictionary of Bio-Chemistry and Related Subjects
2327:
1372:
1370:
1368:
1366:
1364:
1362:
752:Blood pressure is continuously regulated by the
2981:
2878:
2730:Mar, Philip L.; Raj, Satish R. (January 2018).
2599:
1918:"The pathophysiology of the vasovagal response"
1412:, Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing,
1403:
1292:"Low blood pressure (hypotension) â Definition"
772:, which tends to raise blood pressure, and the
554:often result in hypotension by this mechanism.
316:. When using vasopressors, trying to achieve a
2879:Kenny, R. A.; McNicholas, T. (December 2016).
2732:"Orthostatic hypotension for the cardiologist"
1836:
1450:
3915:
3207:
3205:
2687:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
1359:
1285:
1283:
1281:
1279:
3194:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1606:Hematology/Oncology Clinics of North America
3604:Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
1379:"Low blood pressure (hypotension) â Causes"
930:(coronary artery bypass graft surgery) for
530:despite normal blood volume, due to severe
4495:Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency
3922:
3908:
3732:
3202:
1329:(3) e20171904 (published September 2017).
1276:
1225:Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
1198:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
642:
3680:
3662:
3601:
3548:
3514:
3456:
3399:
3247:
3095:
2999:
2896:
2804:
2763:
2698:
2657:
2536:
2526:
2414:
2288:
2214:
2191:
2189:
2161:
2116:
2106:
2095:International Journal of General Medicine
2019:
2009:
1949:
1761:
1603:
1577:
1334:
1263:National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute
1211:
1209:
1404:Haseer Koya, Hayas; Paul, Manju (2021),
497:, heart problems or endocrine problems.
465:Low blood pressure can be caused by low
175:blood pressure (the top number) and the
3644:
3437:Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
2440:
1791:
1645:
1643:
542:problems, or extremely low heart rate (
246:Hypotension can be caused by strenuous
14:
4710:
3363:Kettaneh, Nicolas (October 30, 2008).
3175:
3173:
2874:
2872:
2729:
2646:American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
2509:Tabassum, Nahida; Feroz Ahmad (2011).
2436:
2434:
2375:
2373:
2237:
2186:
1987:
1985:
1971:
1969:
1722:
1720:
1676:
1674:
1672:
1670:
1599:
1597:
1538:
1536:
1492:
1490:
1206:
1113:, meaning "under" or "less" + English
4267:Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
3903:
3597:
3595:
3593:
3307:
3305:
3230:Williams, Bryan; et al. (2018).
3117:
3115:
3071:
3069:
3067:
2982:Mountjoy, Margo; et al. (2014).
2926:
2924:
2881:"The management of vasovagal syncope"
2836:
2834:
2832:
2639:
1911:
1909:
1907:
1905:
1787:
1785:
1783:
1781:
1453:The Surgical Clinics of North America
1446:
1444:
1442:
1440:
1438:
1436:
1434:
1432:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1166:Costanzo, Linda S. (March 15, 2017).
323:
4272:Generalized essential telangiectasia
3433:"Vasopressors for hypotensive shock"
3180:Mookherjee, S. Lai, C., Rennke, St.
2843:The American Journal of Managed Care
2652:(2): 486â487, author reply 487â488.
2633:
1640:
1496:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
669:
595:Angiotensin II acts on AT1 receptors
450:temporary blurring or loss of vision
3733:Speden, R.N.; Ryan, Ann T. (1982).
3388:The New England Journal of Medicine
3170:
2869:
2840:
2441:Dave, Sagar; Cho, Julia J. (2019),
2431:
2370:
2142:Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
1982:
1966:
1717:
1667:
1594:
1533:
1487:
881:Volume resuscitation (usually with
742:relative energy deficiency in sport
24:
3590:
3521:The Canadian Journal of Cardiology
3302:
3112:
3097:10.1161/01.HYP.0000107251.49515.c2
3064:
2988:British Journal of Sports Medicine
2921:
2829:
2338:10.1016/B978-0-444-64074-1.00032-X
2066:"Low blood pressure (hypotension)"
2044:"Low blood pressure (hypotension)"
1902:
1778:
1429:
1377:Mayo Clinic staff (May 23, 2009).
1238:
1145:TheFreeDictionary > hypotension
747:
41:
25:
4734:
3776:
1150:
1074:<70 + (age in years x 2) mmHg
215:. Hypotension is the opposite of
4695:
4422:Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis
2793:Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
2606:William Marias Malisoff (1943).
1290:Mayo Clinic staff (2024-06-13).
756:, using an elaborate network of
740:Hypotension can be a symptom of
3726:
3697:
3638:
3565:
3508:
3473:
3424:
3375:
3356:
3270:
3223:
3214:
3016:
2975:
2780:
2723:
2674:
2614:
2553:
2502:
2466:
2321:
2256:
2238:Health, Narayana (2020-04-28).
2231:
2203:Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia
2133:
2082:
2058:
1979:Last accessed October 26, 2011.
1868:Nephrologie & Therapeutique
1550:Nature Reviews. Disease Primers
851:to evaluate vasovagal syncope.
593:, or AT1 receptor antagonists (
469:, hormonal changes, pregnancy,
187:blood pressure of less than 90
4373:Hepatic veno-occlusive disease
3449:10.1002/14651858.CD003709.pub4
1397:
1309:
1138:
1007:peripheral vascular resistance
892:Blood pressure support with a
785:Hypotension thresholds (mmHg)
774:parasympathetic nervous system
768:to balance the effects of the
709:blood pooling") to facilitate
687:parasympathetic nervous system
294:, and other rarer conditions.
13:
1:
4185:Aneurysm of sinus of Valsalva
4039:Monckeberg's arteriosclerosis
3705:"Online Etymology Dictionary"
3182:The UCSF Hospitalist Handbook
3128:Journal of Human Hypertension
2736:Current Opinion in Cardiology
2574:10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.07.027
1259:"What Is Low Blood Pressure?"
1132:
1033:
957:
826:For most adults, the optimal
27:Abnormally low blood pressure
4490:Chronic venous insufficiency
4115:Aortoiliac occlusive disease
3739:Journal of Vascular Research
3001:10.1136/bjsports-2014-093502
2748:10.1097/HCO.0000000000000467
1880:10.1016/j.nephro.2017.01.003
1101:
854:
779:
729:Hypotension is a feature of
697:Another, but rarer form, is
637:
7:
4505:Inferior vena cava syndrome
4500:Superior vena cava syndrome
4227:Vertebral artery dissection
4217:Intracranial berry aneurysm
3825:or more commonly used 796.3
2933:Clinical Autonomic Research
1977:"Postprandial Hypotension."
1975:Merck Manual Home Edition.
1934:10.1016/j.hrthm.2017.12.013
1120:
10:
4739:
4606:Hypertensive heart disease
4257:Arteriovenous malformation
4232:Familial aortic dissection
3573:"Hypotension (PICU chart)"
3533:10.1016/j.cjca.2017.05.007
3042:10.1016/j.jash.2016.06.035
2700:10.1016/j.jacc.2018.05.079
2154:10.1016/j.pcad.2017.08.008
1806:10.1016/j.phrs.2017.07.026
961:
950:followed by measuring the
770:sympathetic nervous system
585:, or medications, such as
567:sympathetic nervous system
4661:
4631:Renovascular hypertension
4596:
4587:
4574:Hepatic artery thrombosis
4522:
4482:
4437:
4341:
4323:
4314:
4282:
4242:
4222:Carotid artery dissection
4175:Abdominal aortic aneurysm
4147:
4107:
4084:
4025:Intermittent claudication
3995:
3988:Peripheral artery disease
3986:
3956:
3938:
3855:
3784:
3616:10.1016/j.emc.2017.12.010
3314:Internal Medicine Journal
3285:, StatPearls Publishing,
2945:10.1007/s10286-017-0440-8
2449:, StatPearls Publishing,
2281:10.1007/s00134-018-5177-x
2216:10.1007/s12630-017-0877-1
1695:10.1016/j.ccl.2017.08.009
1618:10.1016/j.hoc.2017.08.008
1465:10.1016/j.suc.2017.07.011
792:
789:
717:, the body must increase
471:widening of blood vessels
460:
260:widening of blood vessels
144:
131:
118:
105:
73:
57:
52:
40:
35:
4616:Hypertensive nephropathy
4429:Post-thrombotic syndrome
4410:PagetâSchroetter disease
4202:Coronary artery aneurysm
4180:Thoracic aortic aneurysm
3645:Kluckow, Martin (2018).
3249:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy339
1794:Pharmacological Research
754:autonomic nervous system
692:
591:calcium channel blockers
532:congestive heart failure
434:acute, life-threatening
165:cardiovascular condition
4671:Orthostatic hypotension
4653:White coat hypertension
4130:Fibromuscular dysplasia
4094:Carotid artery stenosis
3895:Curlie.org: Hypotension
3664:10.3389/fped.2018.00029
3651:Frontiers in Pediatrics
3494:10.1001/jama.2016.12310
2640:Kelly, Caleb J (2005).
2528:10.4103/0973-7847.79097
2476:Minerva Anestesiologica
2269:Intensive Care Medicine
904:). Trying to achieve a
648:Orthostatic hypotension
643:Orthostatic hypotension
569:output or to increased
288:orthostatic hypotension
4643:Pulmonary hypertension
4626:Secondary hypertension
4621:Essential hypertension
4611:Hypertensive emergency
4452:Portacaval anastomosis
4388:Portal vein thrombosis
4030:Critical limb ischemia
3931:Cardiovascular disease
3236:European Heart Journal
3140:10.1038/sj.jhh.1000973
2849:(13 Suppl): s248â257.
2399:10.1001/jama.2016.0287
2011:10.1186/1878-5085-5-11
1336:10.1542/peds.2017-1904
1079:Children >10 years
1042:Pediatric Hypotension
906:mean arterial pressure
871:Trendelenburg position
841:mean arterial pressure
835:or invasively with an
685:, the mainstay of the
605:, produce significant
500:Reduced blood volume,
318:mean arterial pressure
299:neurological disorders
250:, excessive heat, low
189:millimeters of mercury
64:Critical care medicine
47:
4648:Systolic hypertension
4393:Renal vein thrombosis
4252:Arteriovenous fistula
4244:Vascular malformation
4212:Intracranial aneurysm
4099:Renal artery stenosis
2659:10.1093/ajcn.82.2.486
2515:Pharmacognosy Reviews
1109:, from Ancient Greek
964:Antihypotensive agent
952:output from the heart
940:adrenal insufficiency
900:possibly better than
536:myocardial infarction
446:loss of consciousness
258:), hormonal changes,
199:Symptoms may include
45:
4562:Paradoxical embolism
4557:Cholesterol embolism
4383:MayâThurner syndrome
4378:BuddâChiari syndrome
4361:Deep vein thrombosis
4356:primarily lower limb
4135:Raynaud's phenomenon
3401:10.1056/nejmoa010307
2898:10.1093/qjmed/hcw089
2244:Narayana Health Care
1874:(Suppl 1): S55âS67.
1746:10.1210/jc.2015-1710
1562:10.1038/nrdp.2018.14
1071:Children 1â10 years
652:postural hypotension
587:nitrate preparations
138:Physical examination
4638:Benign hypertension
2108:10.2147/IJGM.S23094
1043:
786:
603:inhalational agents
431:(painful urination)
365:irregular heartbeat
360:shortness of breath
209:irregular heartbeat
140:, based on symptoms
4552:Pulmonary embolism
4462:Esophageal varices
4400:upper limb / torso
4044:Arteriolosclerosis
3856:External resources
2626:2011-10-21 at the
2443:"Neurogenic Shock"
1994:"Flammer syndrome"
1683:Cardiology Clinics
1511:10.1042/CS20150710
1050:Systolic Pressure
1041:
1015:and its precursor
845:Orthostatic vitals
784:
664:orthostatic vitals
454:black tarry stools
324:Signs and symptoms
310:intravenous fluids
237:distributive shock
183:, respectively. A
161:low blood pressure
48:
18:Low blood pressure
4723:Vascular diseases
4683:
4682:
4679:
4678:
4523:Arteries or veins
4518:
4517:
4343:Venous thrombosis
4310:
4309:
4292:Cherry hemangioma
4192:Aortic dissection
4143:
4142:
3978:Buerger's disease
3890:
3889:
3751:10.1159/000158391
3715:on March 22, 2016
3527:(12): 1725â1728.
3488:(12): 1298â1309.
3394:(19): 1368â1377.
3326:10.1111/imj.13171
3242:(33): 3021â3104.
2806:10.1159/000447034
2693:(11): 1294â1309.
1177:978-0-323-51189-6
1086:
1085:
948:passive leg raise
860:pressure. Adding
837:arterial catheter
824:
823:
675:Vasovagal syncope
670:Vasovagal syncope
599:spinal anesthesia
548:cardiogenic shock
436:allergic reaction
390:back or neck pain
292:vasovagal syncope
241:obstructive shock
233:cardiogenic shock
229:hypovolemic shock
154:
153:
149:Intravenous fluid
133:Diagnostic method
30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
4730:
4700:
4699:
4698:
4691:
4594:
4593:
4405:Mondor's disease
4348:Thrombophlebitis
4321:
4320:
3997:Arteriosclerosis
3993:
3992:
3954:
3953:
3924:
3917:
3910:
3901:
3900:
3782:
3781:
3771:
3770:
3730:
3724:
3723:
3721:
3720:
3711:. Archived from
3701:
3695:
3694:
3684:
3666:
3642:
3636:
3635:
3599:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3584:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3552:
3512:
3506:
3505:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3460:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3403:
3379:
3373:
3372:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3309:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3297:
3274:
3268:
3267:
3265:
3264:
3251:
3227:
3221:
3218:
3212:
3209:
3200:
3199:
3193:
3185:
3177:
3168:
3167:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3099:
3090:(6): 1206â1252.
3073:
3062:
3061:
3020:
3014:
3013:
3003:
2979:
2973:
2972:
2928:
2919:
2918:
2900:
2876:
2867:
2866:
2838:
2827:
2826:
2808:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2767:
2727:
2721:
2720:
2702:
2678:
2672:
2671:
2661:
2637:
2631:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2557:
2551:
2550:
2540:
2530:
2506:
2500:
2499:
2482:(9): 1019â1030.
2474:meta-analysis".
2470:
2464:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2438:
2429:
2428:
2418:
2377:
2368:
2367:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2292:
2260:
2254:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2235:
2229:
2228:
2218:
2193:
2184:
2183:
2165:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2120:
2110:
2086:
2080:
2079:
2077:
2076:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2050:. Archived from
2040:
2034:
2033:
2023:
2013:
1989:
1980:
1973:
1964:
1963:
1953:
1913:
1900:
1899:
1863:
1834:
1833:
1789:
1776:
1775:
1765:
1724:
1715:
1714:
1678:
1665:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1647:
1638:
1637:
1612:(6): 1045â1060.
1601:
1592:
1591:
1581:
1540:
1531:
1530:
1499:Clinical Science
1494:
1485:
1484:
1459:(6): 1307â1321.
1448:
1427:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1401:
1395:
1394:
1392:
1390:
1374:
1357:
1356:
1338:
1313:
1307:
1306:
1304:
1303:
1287:
1274:
1273:
1271:
1270:
1255:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1232:
1213:
1204:
1203:
1197:
1189:
1163:
1148:
1142:
1044:
1040:
978:Sympathomimetics
833:sphygmomanometer
787:
783:
731:Flammer syndrome
723:vasoconstriction
614:herbal medicines
416:loss of appetite
159:, also known as
33:
32:
21:
4738:
4737:
4733:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4728:
4727:
4708:
4707:
4706:
4696:
4694:
4686:
4684:
4675:
4657:
4583:
4540:Microangiopathy
4535:Macroangiopathy
4514:
4478:
4447:Gastric varices
4433:
4346:
4337:
4306:
4278:
4238:
4170:Aortic aneurysm
4156:
4139:
4125:Erythromelalgia
4103:
4080:
4005:Atherosclerosis
3982:
3946:
3934:
3928:
3891:
3886:
3885:
3851:
3850:
3793:
3779:
3774:
3731:
3727:
3718:
3716:
3703:
3702:
3698:
3643:
3639:
3600:
3591:
3582:
3580:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3513:
3509:
3478:
3474:
3443:(2): CD003709.
3429:
3425:
3380:
3376:
3361:
3357:
3310:
3303:
3295:
3293:
3275:
3271:
3262:
3260:
3228:
3224:
3219:
3215:
3210:
3203:
3187:
3186:
3178:
3171:
3120:
3113:
3074:
3065:
3021:
3017:
2980:
2976:
2929:
2922:
2891:(12): 767â773.
2877:
2870:
2839:
2830:
2785:
2781:
2728:
2724:
2679:
2675:
2638:
2634:
2628:Wayback Machine
2619:
2615:
2604:
2600:
2558:
2554:
2507:
2503:
2471:
2467:
2459:
2457:
2439:
2432:
2378:
2371:
2348:
2326:
2322:
2261:
2257:
2248:
2246:
2236:
2232:
2194:
2187:
2138:
2134:
2087:
2083:
2074:
2072:
2064:
2063:
2059:
2042:
2041:
2037:
1990:
1983:
1974:
1967:
1914:
1903:
1864:
1837:
1790:
1779:
1725:
1718:
1679:
1668:
1659:
1657:
1649:
1648:
1641:
1602:
1595:
1541:
1534:
1505:(10): 747â759.
1495:
1488:
1449:
1430:
1422:
1420:
1402:
1398:
1388:
1386:
1375:
1360:
1314:
1310:
1301:
1299:
1288:
1277:
1268:
1266:
1257:
1256:
1239:
1230:
1228:
1215:
1214:
1207:
1191:
1190:
1178:
1164:
1151:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1123:
1104:
1036:
997:Fludrocortisone
988:and precursor (
970:Fludrocortisone
966:
960:
857:
849:tilt table test
782:
750:
748:Pathophysiology
721:and peripheral
695:
672:
660:antidepressants
645:
640:
623:Theobroma cacao
571:parasympathetic
490:
463:
458:
349:lightheadedness
326:
271:
205:lightheadedness
124:Older patient,
92:lightheadedness
31:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4736:
4726:
4725:
4720:
4705:
4704:
4681:
4680:
4677:
4676:
4674:
4673:
4667:
4665:
4659:
4658:
4656:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4635:
4634:
4633:
4623:
4618:
4613:
4608:
4602:
4600:
4591:
4589:Blood pressure
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4576:
4571:
4566:
4565:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4544:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4526:
4524:
4520:
4519:
4516:
4515:
4513:
4512:
4507:
4502:
4497:
4492:
4486:
4484:
4480:
4479:
4477:
4476:
4471:
4470:
4469:
4464:
4459:
4449:
4443:
4441:
4439:Varicose veins
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4426:
4425:
4424:
4414:
4413:
4412:
4407:
4397:
4396:
4395:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4375:
4365:
4364:
4363:
4352:
4350:
4339:
4338:
4336:
4335:
4329:
4327:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4302:Spider angioma
4299:
4294:
4288:
4286:
4284:Vascular nevus
4280:
4279:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4262:Telangiectasia
4259:
4254:
4248:
4246:
4240:
4239:
4237:
4236:
4235:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4204:
4199:
4197:Aortic rupture
4194:
4189:
4188:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4162:
4160:
4158:pseudoaneurysm
4145:
4144:
4141:
4140:
4138:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4111:
4109:
4105:
4104:
4102:
4101:
4096:
4090:
4088:
4082:
4081:
4079:
4078:
4077:
4076:
4071:
4069:Oxycholesterol
4066:
4061:
4056:
4051:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4033:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4001:
3999:
3990:
3984:
3983:
3981:
3980:
3975:
3974:
3973:
3962:
3960:
3951:
3936:
3935:
3927:
3926:
3919:
3912:
3904:
3898:
3897:
3888:
3887:
3884:
3883:
3872:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3837:
3826:
3810:
3794:
3789:
3788:
3786:
3785:Classification
3778:
3777:External links
3775:
3773:
3772:
3745:(5): 247â262.
3725:
3709:etymonline.com
3696:
3637:
3610:(2): 427â440.
3589:
3564:
3507:
3472:
3423:
3374:
3355:
3320:(4): 370â379.
3301:
3269:
3222:
3213:
3201:
3169:
3134:(4): 243â247.
3111:
3063:
3036:(9): 714â723.
3015:
2994:(7): 491â497.
2974:
2939:(4): 263â271.
2920:
2868:
2828:
2799:(5): 270â288.
2779:
2722:
2673:
2632:
2613:
2598:
2568:(5): 816â822.
2562:Physiol. Behav
2552:
2501:
2465:
2430:
2393:(8): 801â810.
2369:
2346:
2320:
2275:(6): 791â798.
2255:
2230:
2209:(7): 703â715.
2185:
2148:(2): 178â186.
2132:
2081:
2057:
2054:on 2014-02-23.
2035:
1981:
1965:
1928:(6): 921â929.
1901:
1835:
1777:
1740:(2): 364â389.
1716:
1666:
1655:LIVESTRONG.COM
1639:
1593:
1546:"Hypertension"
1532:
1486:
1428:
1396:
1383:MayoClinic.com
1358:
1308:
1296:MayoClinic.com
1275:
1237:
1205:
1176:
1149:
1136:
1134:
1131:
1130:
1129:
1122:
1119:
1103:
1100:
1084:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1075:
1072:
1068:
1067:
1064:
1060:
1059:
1056:
1055:Term Neonates
1052:
1051:
1048:
1035:
1032:
1031:
1030:
1023:Erythropoietin
1020:
1010:
1000:
974:Erythropoietin
962:Main article:
959:
956:
944:
943:
916:
909:
898:norepinephrine
890:
887:blood products
856:
853:
828:blood pressure
822:
821:
818:
815:
812:
808:
807:
804:
801:
797:
796:
791:
781:
778:
749:
746:
719:cardiac output
694:
691:
671:
668:
650:, also called
644:
641:
639:
636:
528:cardiac output
517:alpha blockers
488:
462:
459:
457:
456:
451:
448:
443:
438:
432:
426:
420:
417:
414:
411:
401:
392:
386:
383:
378:
373:
368:
362:
357:
351:
342:
338:
325:
322:
269:
169:Blood pressure
152:
151:
146:
142:
141:
135:
129:
128:
126:Malnourishment
122:
116:
115:
109:
103:
102:
77:
71:
70:
61:
55:
54:
50:
49:
38:
37:
29:
26:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4735:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4715:
4713:
4703:
4693:
4692:
4689:
4672:
4669:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4660:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4632:
4629:
4628:
4627:
4624:
4622:
4619:
4617:
4614:
4612:
4609:
4607:
4604:
4603:
4601:
4599:
4595:
4592:
4590:
4586:
4580:
4577:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4549:
4548:
4545:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4532:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4521:
4511:
4508:
4506:
4503:
4501:
4498:
4496:
4493:
4491:
4488:
4487:
4485:
4481:
4475:
4472:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4460:
4458:
4457:Caput medusae
4455:
4454:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4430:
4427:
4423:
4420:
4419:
4418:
4415:
4411:
4408:
4406:
4403:
4402:
4401:
4398:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4379:
4376:
4374:
4371:
4370:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4358:
4357:
4354:
4353:
4351:
4349:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4331:
4330:
4328:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4317:
4313:
4303:
4300:
4298:
4295:
4293:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4281:
4273:
4270:
4268:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4260:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4209:
4208:
4205:
4203:
4200:
4198:
4195:
4193:
4190:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4172:
4171:
4167:
4164:
4163:
4161:
4159:
4154:
4150:
4146:
4136:
4133:
4131:
4128:
4126:
4123:
4121:
4120:Degos disease
4118:
4116:
4113:
4112:
4110:
4106:
4100:
4097:
4095:
4092:
4091:
4089:
4087:
4083:
4075:
4072:
4070:
4067:
4065:
4062:
4060:
4057:
4055:
4052:
4050:
4047:
4046:
4045:
4042:
4040:
4037:
4036:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4007:
4006:
4003:
4002:
4000:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3985:
3979:
3976:
3972:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3959:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3945:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3925:
3920:
3918:
3913:
3911:
3906:
3905:
3902:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3882:
3878:
3877:
3873:
3871:
3867:
3866:
3862:
3861:
3858:
3854:
3847:
3843:
3842:
3838:
3836:
3832:
3831:
3827:
3824:
3820:
3819:
3815:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3804:
3800:
3796:
3795:
3792:
3787:
3783:
3768:
3764:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3729:
3714:
3710:
3706:
3700:
3692:
3688:
3683:
3678:
3674:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3656:
3652:
3648:
3641:
3633:
3629:
3625:
3621:
3617:
3613:
3609:
3605:
3598:
3596:
3594:
3578:
3574:
3568:
3560:
3556:
3551:
3546:
3542:
3538:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3511:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3491:
3487:
3483:
3476:
3468:
3464:
3459:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3427:
3419:
3415:
3411:
3407:
3402:
3397:
3393:
3389:
3385:
3378:
3370:
3366:
3359:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3323:
3319:
3315:
3308:
3306:
3292:
3288:
3284:
3280:
3279:"Hypotension"
3273:
3259:
3255:
3250:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3233:
3226:
3217:
3208:
3206:
3197:
3191:
3183:
3176:
3174:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3153:
3149:
3145:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3116:
3107:
3103:
3098:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3084:
3079:
3072:
3070:
3068:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3027:
3019:
3011:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2978:
2970:
2966:
2962:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2927:
2925:
2916:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2886:
2882:
2875:
2873:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2837:
2835:
2833:
2824:
2820:
2816:
2812:
2807:
2802:
2798:
2794:
2790:
2783:
2775:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2757:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2741:
2737:
2733:
2726:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2692:
2688:
2684:
2677:
2669:
2665:
2660:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2636:
2629:
2625:
2622:
2617:
2609:
2602:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2579:
2575:
2571:
2567:
2563:
2556:
2548:
2544:
2539:
2534:
2529:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2505:
2497:
2493:
2489:
2485:
2481:
2477:
2469:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2444:
2437:
2435:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2412:
2408:
2404:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2388:
2384:
2376:
2374:
2365:
2361:
2357:
2353:
2349:
2347:9780444640741
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2270:
2266:
2259:
2245:
2241:
2234:
2226:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2192:
2190:
2181:
2177:
2173:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2155:
2151:
2147:
2143:
2136:
2128:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2085:
2071:
2067:
2061:
2053:
2049:
2045:
2039:
2031:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
2007:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1988:
1986:
1978:
1972:
1970:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1912:
1910:
1908:
1906:
1897:
1893:
1889:
1885:
1881:
1877:
1873:
1869:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1831:
1827:
1823:
1819:
1815:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1799:
1795:
1788:
1786:
1784:
1782:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1747:
1743:
1739:
1735:
1731:
1723:
1721:
1712:
1708:
1704:
1700:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1600:
1598:
1589:
1585:
1580:
1575:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1547:
1539:
1537:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1493:
1491:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1439:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1419:
1415:
1411:
1407:
1400:
1384:
1380:
1373:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1337:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1312:
1297:
1293:
1286:
1284:
1282:
1280:
1264:
1260:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1212:
1210:
1201:
1195:
1187:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1169:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1146:
1141:
1137:
1128:
1125:
1124:
1118:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1096:
1092:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1069:
1065:
1062:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1039:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1018:
1014:
1013:Noradrenaline
1011:
1008:
1004:
1001:
998:
995:
994:
993:
991:
987:
986:Noradrenaline
983:
979:
975:
971:
965:
955:
953:
949:
941:
937:
933:
929:
925:
921:
917:
914:
910:
907:
903:
899:
895:
891:
888:
884:
880:
879:
878:
874:
872:
867:
863:
852:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
829:
819:
816:
813:
810:
809:
805:
802:
799:
798:
795:
788:
777:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
745:
743:
738:
736:
732:
727:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
700:
690:
688:
684:
680:
677:is a form of
676:
667:
665:
661:
657:
653:
649:
635:
633:
629:
625:
624:
619:
615:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
555:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
524:
522:
521:beta blockers
518:
513:
511:
507:
503:
498:
496:
492:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
455:
452:
449:
447:
444:
442:
439:
437:
433:
430:
427:
425:(indigestion)
424:
421:
418:
415:
412:
410:
406:
402:
400:
396:
393:
391:
387:
384:
382:
379:
377:
374:
372:
369:
366:
363:
361:
358:
355:
354:feeling tired
352:
350:
346:
343:
340:
339:
337:
334:
333:) may occur.
332:
321:
319:
315:
311:
306:
302:
300:
295:
293:
289:
285:
282:problems, or
281:
277:
273:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
244:
242:
238:
234:
230:
226:
222:
221:physiological
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
197:
194:
190:
186:
182:
181:cardiac cycle
178:
174:
170:
166:
162:
158:
150:
147:
143:
139:
136:
134:
130:
127:
123:
121:
117:
114:
110:
108:
107:Complications
104:
101:
97:
93:
90:, headaches,
89:
85:
81:
78:
76:
72:
69:
65:
62:
60:
56:
51:
44:
39:
34:
19:
4662:
4598:Hypertension
4510:Venous ulcer
4416:
4399:
4367:
4355:
4325:Inflammation
4206:
4165:
4054:Hyperplastic
4015:Fatty streak
3958:Inflammation
3874:
3863:
3839:
3828:
3812:
3797:
3742:
3738:
3728:
3717:. Retrieved
3713:the original
3708:
3699:
3654:
3650:
3640:
3607:
3603:
3581:. Retrieved
3579:. 2013-06-05
3576:
3567:
3524:
3520:
3510:
3485:
3481:
3475:
3440:
3436:
3426:
3391:
3387:
3377:
3368:
3358:
3317:
3313:
3294:, retrieved
3282:
3272:
3261:. Retrieved
3239:
3235:
3225:
3216:
3181:
3131:
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1998:EPMA Journal
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1922:Heart Rhythm
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1265:. 2022-03-24
1229:. Retrieved
1227:. 2019-01-09
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1127:Hypertension
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1110:
1106:
1105:
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1082:<90 mmHg
1066:<70 mmHg
1058:<60 mmHg
1037:
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611:
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575:Dysautonomia
559:vasodilation
556:
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514:
499:
475:side effects
467:blood volume
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327:
314:vasopressors
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252:blood volume
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217:hypertension
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160:
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155:
120:Risk factors
4718:Hypotension
4663:Hypotension
4207:head / neck
4059:Cholesterol
3949:capillaries
3881:Hypotension
3865:MedlinePlus
2101:: 549â554.
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1389:October 19,
1221:www.cdc.gov
1107:Hypotension
894:vasopressor
883:crystalloid
820:<100/60
814:<105/65
811:<110/70
683:vagus nerve
656:hypovolemia
628:vasodilator
618:theobromine
552:Arrhythmias
544:bradycardia
540:heart valve
502:hypovolemia
495:anaphylaxis
479:dehydration
473:, medicine
276:anaphylaxis
256:hypovolemia
157:Hypotension
36:Hypotension
4712:Categories
4579:Vasculitis
4569:Thrombosis
4530:Angiopathy
4474:Varicocele
4467:Hemorrhoid
4297:Halo nevus
4153:dissection
3944:arterioles
3876:Patient UK
3841:DiseasesDB
3719:2017-12-10
3583:2020-01-23
3296:2020-01-23
3283:StatPearls
3263:2022-08-18
2460:2020-01-21
2447:StatPearls
2249:2023-07-31
2163:1805/14380
2075:2024-06-15
1660:2021-09-06
1423:2021-11-29
1410:StatPearls
1323:Pediatrics
1302:2024-06-15
1269:2024-06-15
1231:2020-01-15
1168:Physiology
1133:References
1095:intubation
1034:Pediatrics
958:Medication
932:infarction
913:dobutamine
817:<90/50
803:Nighttime
794:Ambulatory
715:absorption
707:splanchnic
703:intestines
563:arterioles
557:Excessive
526:Decreased
506:hemorrhage
491:deficiency
403:prolonged
385:stiff neck
371:chest pain
272:deficiency
191:(mmHg) or
111:Fainting,
84:clumsiness
68:cardiology
4333:Phlebitis
4074:Trans fat
4010:Foam cell
3966:Arteritis
3933:(vessels)
3759:1423-0135
3673:2296-2360
3624:1558-0539
3541:1916-7075
3350:205208140
3334:1445-5994
3190:cite book
3148:0950-9240
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2953:1619-1560
2907:1460-2393
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2756:1531-7080
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806:24 hours
780:Diagnosis
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423:dyspepsia
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3971:Aortitis
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