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Lossless join decomposition

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have a lossless join if there is some way in which we can repeatedly perform lossless joins until all the schemas have been joined into a single schema. Once we have a new sub-schema made from a lossless join, we are not allowed to use any of its isolated sub-schema to join with any of the other
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of the two smaller relations yields back the original relation. This is central in removing redundancy safely from
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Pohler, K (2015). "Lossless-Join Decomposition: applications in quantitative computing metrics".
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while preserving the original data. Lossless join can also be called non-additive.
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Decompositions into more than two schemas can be defined in the same way.
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schemas. For example, if we can do a lossless join on a pair of schemas
885:{\displaystyle (R_{1}\cap R_{2})\to (R_{2}\setminus R_{1})\in F^{+}} 793:{\displaystyle (R_{1}\cap R_{2})\to (R_{1}\setminus R_{2})\in F^{+}} 92: 1699:"www.data-e-education.com - Lossless Join Decomposition" 271:{\displaystyle \pi _{R_{1}}(r)\bowtie \pi _{R_{2}}(r)=r} 1576:(Seventh ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson. p. 461. 1456: 1427: 1381: 1332: 1281: 1237: 1168: 1126: 1099: 1072: 1045: 1012: 972: 906: 807: 715: 672: 632: 592: 565: 519: 481: 454: 434: 405: 385: 358: 308: 284: 206: 179: 152: 129: 109: 53: 33: 895: 1646:(1 ed.). Computer Science Press. p. 397. 1527: 1442: 1413: 1363: 1318: 1264: 1204: 1145: 1112: 1085: 1058: 1031: 998: 957: 884: 792: 706:. In other words, one of the following must hold: 698: 658: 618: 571: 551: 494: 467: 440: 420: 391: 364: 340: 290: 270: 192: 165: 135: 115: 79: 39: 1640:Principles of Database and Knowledge-base Systems 1555:International Journal of Applied Computer Science 1721: 1093:) to form a lossless join with another schema 1632: 1630: 1358: 1346: 1313: 1295: 1259: 1244: 1199: 1175: 1627: 1212:be the relation schema, with attributes 1606:. Computer Science Press. p. 101. 1571: 1722: 1636: 1565: 1552: 1450:. In other words, we have proven that 1272:be the set of functional dependencies. 1039:, we use this new schema (rather than 1596: 1265:{\displaystyle F=\{A\rightarrow BC\}} 958:{\displaystyle R_{1},R_{2},...,R_{n}} 1421:and we have a functional dependency 1120:(which may already be joined (e.g., 699:{\displaystyle R_{2}\setminus R_{1}} 659:{\displaystyle R_{1}\setminus R_{2}} 559:has a lossless join with respect to 13: 1600:The theory of relational databases 14: 1761: 1496: 1414:{\displaystyle R_{1}\cap R_{2}=A} 896:Criteria for multiple sub-schemas 853: 761: 683: 643: 552:{\displaystyle R=R_{1}\cup R_{2}} 302:onto the smaller schemas. A pair 1574:Fundamentals of database systems 1443:{\displaystyle A\rightarrow BC} 1319:{\displaystyle R_{1}=\{A,B,C\}} 619:{\displaystyle R_{1}\cap R_{2}} 1691: 1667: 1590: 1546: 1509: 1483: 1457: 1431: 1250: 866: 840: 837: 834: 808: 774: 748: 745: 742: 716: 415: 409: 335: 309: 259: 253: 230: 224: 1: 1675:"Lossless-Join Decomposition" 1539: 1364:{\displaystyle R_{2}=\{A,D\}} 1205:{\displaystyle R=\{A,B,C,D\}} 341:{\displaystyle (R_{1},R_{2})} 98: 7: 1637:Ullman, Jeffrey D. (1988). 999:{\displaystyle R_{i},R_{j}} 508: 448:decomposes losslessly onto 350:lossless-join decomposition 298:is the natural join of its 80:{\displaystyle r_{1},r_{2}} 22:lossless join decomposition 10: 1766: 1156: 376:with respect to a set of 24:is a decomposition of a 1572:Elmasri, Ramez (2016). 1146:{\displaystyle R_{k,l}} 1032:{\displaystyle R_{i,j}} 378:functional dependencies 1745:Database normalization 1529: 1444: 1415: 1365: 1320: 1266: 1206: 1147: 1114: 1087: 1060: 1033: 1000: 959: 886: 794: 700: 660: 620: 573: 553: 496: 469: 442: 422: 393: 366: 342: 292: 272: 194: 167: 137: 117: 81: 41: 1597:Maier, David (1983). 1530: 1445: 1416: 1366: 1321: 1267: 1207: 1148: 1115: 1113:{\displaystyle R_{k}} 1088: 1086:{\displaystyle R_{j}} 1061: 1059:{\displaystyle R_{i}} 1034: 1006:to form a new schema 1001: 960: 900:Multiple sub-schemas 887: 795: 701: 661: 621: 574: 554: 497: 495:{\displaystyle R_{2}} 470: 468:{\displaystyle R_{1}} 443: 423: 394: 367: 343: 293: 273: 195: 193:{\displaystyle R_{2}} 168: 166:{\displaystyle R_{1}} 144:decomposes losslessly 138: 118: 82: 42: 1740:Database constraints 1454: 1425: 1379: 1330: 1279: 1235: 1166: 1124: 1097: 1070: 1043: 1010: 970: 904: 805: 713: 670: 630: 590: 563: 517: 479: 452: 432: 421:{\displaystyle r(R)} 403: 383: 374:have a lossless join 356: 306: 282: 204: 177: 150: 127: 107: 51: 31: 1275:Decomposition into 1750:Relational algebra 1525: 1440: 1411: 1371:is lossless under 1361: 1316: 1262: 1202: 1143: 1110: 1083: 1056: 1029: 996: 955: 882: 790: 696: 656: 616: 569: 549: 492: 465: 438: 418: 389: 362: 338: 288: 268: 190: 163: 133: 113: 77: 37: 572:{\displaystyle F} 441:{\displaystyle F} 392:{\displaystyle F} 365:{\displaystyle R} 291:{\displaystyle r} 136:{\displaystyle R} 116:{\displaystyle r} 40:{\displaystyle r} 1757: 1714: 1713: 1711: 1710: 1701:. Archived from 1695: 1689: 1688: 1686: 1685: 1671: 1665: 1664: 1662: 1660: 1645: 1634: 1625: 1624: 1622: 1620: 1605: 1594: 1588: 1587: 1569: 1563: 1562: 1550: 1534: 1532: 1531: 1526: 1524: 1523: 1508: 1507: 1495: 1494: 1482: 1481: 1469: 1468: 1449: 1447: 1446: 1441: 1420: 1418: 1417: 1412: 1404: 1403: 1391: 1390: 1374: 1370: 1368: 1367: 1362: 1342: 1341: 1325: 1323: 1322: 1317: 1291: 1290: 1271: 1269: 1268: 1263: 1227: 1223: 1219: 1215: 1211: 1209: 1208: 1203: 1152: 1150: 1149: 1144: 1142: 1141: 1119: 1117: 1116: 1111: 1109: 1108: 1092: 1090: 1089: 1084: 1082: 1081: 1065: 1063: 1062: 1057: 1055: 1054: 1038: 1036: 1035: 1030: 1028: 1027: 1005: 1003: 1002: 997: 995: 994: 982: 981: 964: 962: 961: 956: 954: 953: 929: 928: 916: 915: 891: 889: 888: 883: 881: 880: 865: 864: 852: 851: 833: 832: 820: 819: 799: 797: 796: 791: 789: 788: 773: 772: 760: 759: 741: 740: 728: 727: 705: 703: 702: 697: 695: 694: 682: 681: 665: 663: 662: 657: 655: 654: 642: 641: 625: 623: 622: 617: 615: 614: 602: 601: 578: 576: 575: 570: 558: 556: 555: 550: 548: 547: 535: 534: 513:A decomposition 501: 499: 498: 493: 491: 490: 474: 472: 471: 466: 464: 463: 447: 445: 444: 439: 427: 425: 424: 419: 399:if any relation 398: 396: 395: 390: 371: 369: 368: 363: 347: 345: 344: 339: 334: 333: 321: 320: 297: 295: 294: 289: 277: 275: 274: 269: 252: 251: 250: 249: 223: 222: 221: 220: 199: 197: 196: 191: 189: 188: 172: 170: 169: 164: 162: 161: 142: 140: 139: 134: 122: 120: 119: 114: 86: 84: 83: 78: 76: 75: 63: 62: 46: 44: 43: 38: 1765: 1764: 1760: 1759: 1758: 1756: 1755: 1754: 1720: 1719: 1718: 1717: 1708: 1706: 1697: 1696: 1692: 1683: 1681: 1673: 1672: 1668: 1658: 1656: 1654: 1643: 1635: 1628: 1618: 1616: 1614: 1603: 1595: 1591: 1584: 1570: 1566: 1551: 1547: 1542: 1519: 1515: 1503: 1499: 1490: 1486: 1477: 1473: 1464: 1460: 1455: 1452: 1451: 1426: 1423: 1422: 1399: 1395: 1386: 1382: 1380: 1377: 1376: 1372: 1337: 1333: 1331: 1328: 1327: 1286: 1282: 1280: 1277: 1276: 1236: 1233: 1232: 1225: 1221: 1217: 1213: 1167: 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Retrieved 1703:the original 1693: 1682:. Retrieved 1678: 1669: 1657:. Retrieved 1653:0-88175188-X 1639: 1617:. Retrieved 1599: 1592: 1573: 1567: 1558: 1554: 1548: 899: 512: 504: 373: 349: 143: 102: 89:natural join 87:such that a 21: 15: 372:or said to 300:projections 103:A relation 1724:Categories 1709:2014-02-12 1684:2016-02-07 1540:References 278:, that is 123:on schema 99:Definition 1730:Databases 1679:Cs.sfu.ca 1659:16 August 1619:16 August 1513:∈ 1497:∖ 1484:→ 1471:∩ 1432:→ 1393:∩ 1251:→ 870:∈ 854:∖ 838:→ 822:∩ 778:∈ 762:∖ 746:→ 730:∩ 684:∖ 644:∖ 626:includes 604:∩ 537:∪ 238:π 234:⋈ 209:π 93:databases 1375:because 509:Criteria 26:relation 1157:Example 584:closure 1650:  1610:  1580:  1644:(PDF) 1604:(PDF) 348:is a 1661:2024 1648:ISBN 1621:2024 1608:ISBN 1578:ISBN 1326:and 1231:Let 1224:and 1162:Let 1153:)). 582:the 475:and 173:and 20:, a 1066:or 666:or 586:of 352:of 200:if 16:In 1726:: 1677:. 1629:^ 1559:21 1557:. 1220:, 1216:, 502:. 1712:. 1687:. 1663:. 1623:. 1586:. 1535:. 1521:+ 1517:F 1510:) 1505:2 1501:R 1492:1 1488:R 1479:2 1475:R 1466:1 1462:R 1458:( 1438:C 1435:B 1429:A 1409:A 1406:= 1401:2 1397:R 1388:1 1384:R 1373:F 1359:} 1356:D 1353:, 1350:A 1347:{ 1344:= 1339:2 1335:R 1314:} 1311:C 1308:, 1305:B 1302:, 1299:A 1296:{ 1293:= 1288:1 1284:R 1260:} 1257:C 1254:B 1248:A 1245:{ 1242:= 1239:F 1228:. 1226:D 1222:C 1218:B 1214:A 1200:} 1197:D 1194:, 1191:C 1188:, 1185:B 1182:, 1179:A 1176:{ 1173:= 1170:R 1139:l 1136:, 1133:k 1129:R 1106:k 1102:R 1079:j 1075:R 1052:i 1048:R 1025:j 1022:, 1019:i 1015:R 992:j 988:R 984:, 979:i 975:R 951:n 947:R 943:, 940:. 937:. 934:. 931:, 926:2 922:R 918:, 913:1 909:R 878:+ 874:F 867:) 862:1 858:R 849:2 845:R 841:( 835:) 830:2 826:R 817:1 813:R 809:( 786:+ 782:F 775:) 770:2 766:R 757:1 753:R 749:( 743:) 738:2 734:R 725:1 721:R 717:( 692:1 688:R 679:2 675:R 652:2 648:R 639:1 635:R 612:2 608:R 599:1 595:R 567:F 545:2 541:R 532:1 528:R 524:= 521:R 488:2 484:R 461:1 457:R 436:F 416:) 413:R 410:( 407:r 387:F 360:R 336:) 331:2 327:R 323:, 318:1 314:R 310:( 286:r 266:r 263:= 260:) 257:r 254:( 247:2 243:R 231:) 228:r 225:( 218:1 214:R 186:2 182:R 159:1 155:R 131:R 111:r 73:2 69:r 65:, 60:1 56:r 35:r

Index

database design
relation
natural join
databases
projections
functional dependencies
if and only if
closure
ISBN
978-0133970777
The theory of relational databases
ISBN
0-914894-42-0


Principles of Database and Knowledge-base Systems
ISBN
0-88175188-X
"Lossless-Join Decomposition"
"www.data-e-education.com - Lossless Join Decomposition"
the original
Categories
Databases
Data modeling
Database constraints
Database normalization
Relational algebra

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