36:
462:(1994), a pioneering combination of first-person shooter mechanics and immersive systems. The game was decently successful, but initially released on floppy disk which cut out the voiced dialog in its data entry logs, a novel narrative technique for which the game became known. The CD-ROM version utilized voice acting developed by an internal sound team, made up of members from the local band
499:
production by the studio. The full-motion cutscenes were shot inside of the
Looking Glass offices on a greenscreen, with staff members doubling as actors and producers of the film. The game featured other technological achievements like procedural animation, but the massive production took its toll
525:
The
Intermetrics buyout preceded a number of departures at the studio. Co-founder Ned Lerner left to form Multitude with Looking Glass programmer Art Min. Most famously, designer Ken Levine, artist Rob Fermier, and programmer Jonathan Chey who had worked together on a
362:(1987), Neurath began recruiting from the local region. One of his early hires was Doug Church, programmer and graduate of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Church working together with Chris Green of Lerner Research developed a basic three-dimensional,
613:
On May 24, 2000, Neurath called a meeting attended by all employees. He announced that the studio was closing down and the staff left the building that day, with public announcements following. Irrational Games continued work on
522:, a Massachusetts-based software company, acquired LookingGlass in 1997. The official name of the company was changed to Intermetrics Entertainment Software, LLC, operating under the trade name of Looking Glass Studios.
392:. The initial funding for the game was purportedly $ 30,000, allowing Neurath to hire his initial staff into Blue Sky Productions. The final cost of production was around $ 400,000 and would be released in March 1992 as
345:, Origin Systems moved back to Texas along with the majority of the staff. Neurath, not wanting to move, decided to use the former Origin office to start his own studio, Blue Sky Productions, at 59 Stiles Road in
610:(1999). In 1999, Intermetrics divested their ownership of Looking Glass, leaving them without any financial support. The following year, several publishing deals with Eidos, Sony, and Microsoft fell apart.
477:
in Fall 1994. They received $ 3.8 million of investment from venture capital firms in
November of that year. In 1995, the company started publishing their own games under their own label starting with
440:
by Lewis
Carroll and to the idea that their game worlds transported people to new worlds. They initially considered “Looking Glass Studios” but decided that their specialty was more in technology.
487:, the game was noted for its realistic physics simulation and was very successful for Looking Glass, selling 300,000 copies by mid-1997. The series was followed up by several sequels/
823:
The rights to
Looking Glass’ catalog were initially split between various rights holders, which made re-releases of their catalog difficult. Eidos retained the rights to the
590:
The lack of success for
Looking Glass’ projects continued to exert pressure on the studio, in addition to their difficulties finding publishers. Eidos Interactive published
2403:
250:
as Blue Sky
Productions in 1990, and merged with Lerner's Lerner Research in 1992 to become LookingGlass Technologies. Between 1997 and 1999, the company was part of
2408:
2398:
2383:
802:
and merged into the Zynga Boston studio; Neurath became the creative director. After the closure of Zynga Boston in
October 2012, Neurath established
557:
away from Origin
Systems to staff a development arm of the company in Austin, Texas first opened in 1995. Though Spector left soon afterwards to join
2423:
2393:
652:
Looking Glass
Studios has been called one of the most important development studios in the history of video games. Their game catalog including the
2418:
453:(1993) following. Origin became a subsidiary of Electronic Arts in September 1992; EA handled all future publishing arrangements with the studio.
436:. Initially they used the name "Flying Fish Designs" but eventually settled on Looking Glass. The name was chosen both as a reference to the book
2378:
1888:
2413:
432:
for which they needed more development support. The two decided on a name change in order to differentiate themselves from the game company
443:
LookingGlass Technologies Inc. was incorporated on June 29, 1992 with Neurath as President and Ned Lerner as Vice President and Treasurer.
2388:
1930:
1906:
1028:
905:
877:
686:
are explicitly modeled after Looking Glass’ catalog. The latter two feature designers who were formerly members of Looking Glass.
1811:
1492:
2272:
2096:
1159:
563:
1839:
1430:
700:, conversed with Paul Neurath about the texture mapping technology used in the early Underworld demo. He spoke about this to
1755:
1923:
969:
765:. Doug Church went on to work for Ion Storm, Electronic Arts, and eventually Valve. Greg LoPiccolo and Eric Brosius joined
349:
in 1990. Lerner, who had his own company called Lerner Research, supplied funds to help get the operation off the ground.
1881:
366:
demonstration of the game with animation by former Origin artist Douglas Wike. The demo was showcased at the 1990 Summer
1596:
Von Hoffman, Constantine (July 22, 1997). "The Small Business Page; Software Company Plays Games Against Competition".
254:
and was renamed Looking Glass Studios. Following financial issues at Looking Glass, the studio shut down in May 2000.
2050:
1079:
491:
1395:
298:
618:
until its subsequent cancellation; many former Looking Glass staff like Terri Brosius joined them. Development on
416:
while Neurath and Lerner spoke about merging their two companies. Lerner Research was fresh off the completion of
1783:
794:
296:
where Lerner was a physics major and Neurath studied environmental science. The two worked together on the game
2064:
1874:
1091:
853:
514:
1653:
2165:
2150:
2043:
985:
934:
445:
418:
358:
334:
176:
561:, the Texas office remained open to create console games for various publishers. They created a port of
2265:
1618:
353:
2079:
1246:
640:
437:
367:
210:
670:
534:. Irrational formed a studio initially based in the Looking Glass offices, where they co-developed
474:
401:
239:
158:
725:
Many other of Looking Glass’ developers went on to work on important AAA games. Ned Lerner joined
2328:
2298:
2234:
1980:
1284:
1145:
835:
803:
785:
743:
549:
1723:
738:
718:
63:
2312:
2258:
829:
692:
was an influence on id Software’s move to create visually impressive first person shooters.
2104:
2057:
2021:
1343:
Pope, Kyle (December 1, 1989). "Origin Systems will move headquarters, workers to Austin".
1210:
1199:
812:
756:
676:
606:
573:
346:
283:
235:
96:
8:
2014:
1613:
1126:
806:
in 2013. He reassembled many Looking Glass employees to work on a spiritual successor of
592:
293:
73:
2319:
2224:
1623:
1542:
Gourley, Bob (October 2, 1994). "Area musicians leave Tribe's sound for a new music".
2201:
1502:
1426:
1329:
1289:
1252:
1132:
844:
752:
259:
147:
840:
2219:
2007:
1581:
1561:
1544:
1448:
1360:
1258:
1191:
1064:
922:
635:
531:
479:
433:
371:
20:
1322:
Walker-Emig, Paul (January 17, 2018). "From the Archives: Looking Glass Studios".
729:
Worldwide Studios as Director of Engineering where he worked on games through the
2345:
2170:
2135:
2125:
1185:
1038:
911:
484:
386:
363:
303:
214:
302:(1987) before Lerner moved to the West Coast where he worked creating games for
2282:
2229:
2180:
1970:
1957:
1517:
1179:
1034:
975:
712:
554:
536:
375:
307:
271:
194:
1697:
2372:
2214:
2175:
1598:
1396:"Life Off the Grid, Part 1: Making Ultima Underworld The Digital Antiquarian"
734:
730:
665:
311:
35:
1463:
328:(1989), which he collaborated with Lerner on many of the technical aspects.
2356:
2160:
2155:
2140:
1950:
1816:
1049:
996:
706:
701:
519:
463:
458:
429:
265:
243:
111:
2350:
2209:
2130:
2071:
1756:"Gamescape: A Look at Development in North America's Cities, Page 1 of 8"
1324:
1170:
866:
817:
771:
761:
693:
583:
568:
324:
1866:
1376:
378:
of Origin Systems saw the demo and decided to finance their first game.
2145:
1849:
1733:
1654:"Looking Glass Studios Interview Series - Audio Podcast 5 - Ken Levine"
682:
496:
424:
247:
116:
518:(1997), Neurath sought outside investment to keep the company afloat.
1788:
1760:
1294:
991:
777:
634:, which was an estimated three months from completion, was handed to
558:
338:(1990) due to its melding of storytelling and space combat elements.
1637:
Chey, Jonathan (November 1999). "Irrational Games' System Shock 2".
2305:
2185:
1987:
1812:"Zynga lays off 5 percent of workforce, closes 3 offices (updated)"
1229:
1165:
766:
251:
199:
466:: Greg LoPiccolo, Eric Brosius, and Terri Brosius – also voice of
292:
Co-founders of Looking Glass, Paul Neurath and Ned Lerner, met at
1497:
851:
games and eventually acquired the IP rights to create a remake,
644:(2002) as the final game with credits by Looking Glass Studios.
2239:
737:. Seamus Blackley and other Looking Glass cohorts left to join
19:"Blue Sky Productions" redirects here. Not to be confused with
1698:"Reasons for the Fall: A Post-Mortem On Looking Glass Studios"
456:
The experienced development team led by Doug Church developed
1005:
799:
784:
Following the closure of Looking Glass, Paul Neurath founded
470:’s villain SHODAN – who later moved into a game design role.
726:
449:(1992) was the first game released by the new studio, with
422:(1992) and had been granted a license to develop EA’s next
1579:
Rosenberg, Ronald (May 3, 1995). "Preparing for takeoff".
314:
in 1984. Neurath worked on a number of projects including
1844:
1728:
1216:
769:
where they played a major role in the development of the
2250:
407:
1425:. Secrets of the games series. Rocklin, CA: Prima Pub.
710:(1991). This technology was crucial to the creation of
500:
on Looking Glass, not recouping its production costs.
322:(1989). His largest project was leading the design of
792:
to mobile platforms as well as worked on titles like
626:
project lead Steve Pearsall until it was canceled. A
1840:"5 More Defunct Developers Who Went Out With a Bang"
1100:
503:
2404:Defunct video game companies of the United States
1493:"GameSpy Retro: Developer Origins, Page 17 of 19"
1423:Ultima VII and Underworld: more Avatar adventures
1285:"Ahead of its time: The history of Looking Glass"
412:Blue Sky Productions began work on the sequel to
257:Notable productions by Looking Glass include the
2370:
833:(2004) was created by Ion Storm and the reboot
2266:
1882:
1589:
1317:
1315:
1313:
1311:
2409:Companies based in Cambridge, Massachusetts
2399:Video game companies disestablished in 2000
1595:
1321:
400:, the company had moved to a new office in
284:Blue Sky Productions, Lerner Research, and
52:LookingGlass Technologies, Inc. (1992–1997)
2273:
2259:
1889:
1875:
1486:
1484:
1006:As LookingGlass Technologies (post-merger)
943:
664:series are seen as the foundation for the
34:
2384:American companies disestablished in 2000
1931:Ultima Underworld II: Labyrinth of Worlds
1896:
1721:
1578:
1456:
1308:
1278:
1276:
1029:Ultima Underworld II: Labyrinth of Worlds
878:List of Looking Glass Studios video games
451:Ultima Underworld II: Labyrinth of Worlds
2424:Defunct companies based in Massachusetts
2394:Video game companies established in 1990
1784:"Zynga acquires Floodgate Entertainment"
1695:
473:LookingGlass moved to a new facility in
2419:2000 disestablishments in Massachusetts
1754:Fleming, Jeffrey (September 14, 2009).
1753:
1691:
1689:
1541:
1481:
1420:
1374:
1282:
2379:American companies established in 1990
2371:
1837:
1809:
1518:"System Shock The Digital Antiquarian"
1490:
1273:
906:Chuck Yeager's Advanced Flight Trainer
788:in Boston, Massachusetts. They ported
2254:
1870:
1781:
1651:
1574:
1572:
1515:
1393:
882:
847:secured the rights to re-release the
704:, who implemented the technique into
577:(1999), along with canceled projects
408:LookingGlass Technologies (1992-1996)
2414:1990 establishments in Massachusetts
1924:Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss
1686:
1636:
1606:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1342:
970:Ultima Underworld: The Stygian Abyss
396:(1992). By the end of production on
332:was in turn a major inspiration for
16:American former video game developer
1565:. September 11, 1994. pp. B42.
544:before becoming fully independent.
530:game canceled in production formed
13:
1569:
1257:Originally cancelled, finished by
871:
798:. Floodgate was later acquired by
668:genre of action games. Games like
310:, who had moved their business to
14:
2435:
2051:Terra Nova: Strike Force Centauri
1810:Orland, Kyle (October 24, 2012).
1409:
1394:Maher, Jimmy (January 18, 2019).
1364:. November 25, 1990. pp. B6.
1101:As Looking Glass Studios (rename)
1080:Terra Nova: Strike Force Centauri
816:(2018), initially funded through
600:games, Electronic Arts published
504:Looking Glass Studios (1997-2000)
2389:Video game development companies
1696:Sterrett, James (May 31, 2000).
1652:Weise, Matthew (June 29, 2011).
1377:"The Story of Ultima Underworld"
492:Terra Nova: Strike Force Centuri
299:Deep Space: Operation Copernicus
217: (archived February 9, 1998)
49:Blue Sky Productions (1990–1992)
1831:
1803:
1782:Watts, Steve (March 24, 2011).
1775:
1747:
1715:
1671:
1645:
1630:
1552:
1535:
1516:Maher, Jimmy (March 19, 2021).
1509:
1491:Keefer, John (March 31, 2006).
1464:"Ultima Underworld 2 Interview"
1375:Neurath, Paul (June 23, 2000).
1283:Mahardy, Mike (April 6, 2015).
795:Dark Messiah of Might and Magic
370:to attract publisher interest.
356:dungeon crawler in the vein of
232:LookingGlass Technologies, Inc.
2065:British Open Championship Golf
1838:Reilly, Luke (April 1, 2013).
1452:. June 29, 1992. pp. A67.
1439:
1387:
1368:
1351:
1336:
1092:British Open Championship Golf
755:where he developed the AI for
515:British Open Championship Golf
508:Due in part to the failure of
1:
1626:. April 1995. pp. 60–64.
1559:"Redefine the Leading Edge".
1266:
860:
857:(2023), and a future sequel.
242:. The company was founded by
1682:. May 7, 1995. pp. K18.
741:, working on the innovative
622:was handed to a team led by
553:(1998), Looking Glass hired
7:
352:With a concept to create a
224:Looking Glass Studios, Inc.
85:; 34 years ago
29:Looking Glass Studios, Inc.
10:
2440:
1722:IGN Staff (May 24, 2000).
1421:Spector, Caroline (1993).
1070:LookingGlass Technologies
875:
864:
385:, was rebranded under the
381:The demo, initially named
278:
18:
2338:
2290:
2280:
2194:
2118:
2089:
2038:
2031:
1997:
1968:
1940:
1913:
1904:
1680:Austin American-Statesman
1345:Austin American-Statesman
1184:
1154:
1131:
1069:
964:
910:
747:(1998). AI programmer on
647:
547:During the production of
438:Through the Looking Glass
368:Consumer Electronics Show
341:Before the completion of
206:
193:
183:
169:
153:
143:
125:
104:
79:
69:
59:
42:
33:
2044:John Madden Football '93
1678:"LEADING EDGE Game Co".
1602:. pp. Business, 24.
986:John Madden Football '93
671:The Elder Scrolls: Arena
540:(1999) and the canceled
475:Cambridge, Massachusetts
446:John Madden Football ’93
402:Lexington, Massachusetts
306:. Neurath found work at
240:Cambridge, Massachusetts
159:Cambridge, Massachusetts
2306:Thief II: The Metal Age
2235:OtherSide Entertainment
1981:Thief: The Dark Project
1146:Thief: The Dark Project
944:By Blue Sky Productions
804:Otherside Entertainment
786:Floodgate Entertainment
749:Thief: The Dark Project
550:Thief: The Dark Project
2080:Jane's Attack Squadron
1724:"Looking Glass Broken"
1247:Jane's Attack Squadron
839:(2014) was created by
739:Dreamworks Interactive
641:Jane’s Attack Squadron
131:; 24 years ago
2098:Command & Conquer
1898:Looking Glass Studios
1160:Command & Conquer
830:Thief: Deadly Shadows
564:Command & Conquer
2105:Destruction Derby 64
2022:Flight Unlimited III
1211:Destruction Derby 64
1200:Flight Unlimited III
813:Underworld Ascendant
696:, who had worked on
607:Flight Unlimited III
574:Destruction Derby 64
483:(1995). Designed by
347:Salem, New Hampshire
236:video game developer
228:Blue Sky Productions
97:Salem, New Hampshire
2015:Flight Unlimited II
1548:. pp. City 13.
1522:Digital Antiquarian
1358:"Game Programmer".
1127:Flight Unlimited II
759:projects including
751:Tom Leonard joined
638:to be completed as
593:Flight Unlimited II
495:(1996) was a large
294:Wesleyan University
185:Number of employees
30:
2320:Robbing the Cradle
2225:Night Dive Studios
1624:Imagine Publishing
1585:. pp. 77, 80.
1446:"Office Manager".
1235:Eidos Interactive
1190:Co-developed with
883:By Lerner Research
843:. Stephen Kick of
528:Star Trek: Voyager
234:) was an American
28:
2366:
2365:
2248:
2247:
2114:
2113:
2090:Nintendo 64 ports
1915:Ultima Underworld
1432:978-1-55958-251-3
1332:. pp. 74–79.
1330:Future Publishing
1264:
1263:
1253:Xicat Interactive
1133:Eidos Interactive
1098:
1097:
1003:
1002:
941:
940:
845:Nightdive Studios
808:Ultima Underworld
790:Ultima Underworld
753:Valve Corporation
690:Ultima Underworld
654:Ultima Underworld
434:Blue Sky Software
414:Ultima Underworld
398:Ultima Underworld
394:Ultima Underworld
286:Ultima Underworld
260:Ultima Underworld
221:
220:
129:May 24, 2000
2431:
2299:The Dark Project
2275:
2268:
2261:
2252:
2251:
2220:Irrational Games
2195:Related articles
2036:
2035:
2008:Flight Unlimited
1999:Flight Unlimited
1891:
1884:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1861:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1798:
1796:
1779:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1768:
1751:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1740:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1693:
1684:
1683:
1675:
1669:
1668:
1666:
1664:
1649:
1643:
1642:
1634:
1628:
1627:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1582:The Boston Globe
1576:
1567:
1566:
1562:The Boston Globe
1556:
1550:
1549:
1545:The Boston Globe
1539:
1533:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1505:on June 9, 2007.
1501:. Archived from
1488:
1479:
1478:
1476:
1474:
1460:
1454:
1453:
1449:The Boston Globe
1443:
1437:
1436:
1418:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1391:
1385:
1384:
1372:
1366:
1365:
1361:The Boston Globe
1355:
1349:
1348:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1328:. No. 177.
1319:
1306:
1305:
1303:
1301:
1280:
1259:Mad Doc Software
1192:Irrational Games
1105:
1104:
1065:Flight Unlimited
1010:
1009:
948:
947:
923:F-22 Interceptor
887:
886:
636:Mad Doc Software
628:Flight Unlimited
596:(1997) and both
532:Irrational Games
480:Flight Unlimited
419:Car & Driver
372:Richard Garriott
139:
137:
132:
100:
93:
91:
86:
38:
31:
27:
21:Blue Sky Studios
2439:
2438:
2434:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2428:
2369:
2368:
2367:
2362:
2334:
2286:
2279:
2249:
2244:
2190:
2171:Seamus Blackley
2136:Emil Pagliarulo
2126:Austin Grossman
2110:
2085:
2027:
1993:
1964:
1936:
1909:
1900:
1895:
1865:
1864:
1854:
1852:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1808:
1804:
1794:
1792:
1780:
1776:
1766:
1764:
1752:
1748:
1738:
1736:
1720:
1716:
1706:
1704:
1694:
1687:
1677:
1676:
1672:
1662:
1660:
1650:
1646:
1635:
1631:
1619:Next Generation
1614:"Looking Glass"
1612:
1611:
1607:
1594:
1590:
1577:
1570:
1558:
1557:
1553:
1540:
1536:
1526:
1524:
1514:
1510:
1489:
1482:
1472:
1470:
1462:
1461:
1457:
1445:
1444:
1440:
1433:
1419:
1410:
1400:
1398:
1392:
1388:
1373:
1369:
1357:
1356:
1352:
1341:
1337:
1320:
1309:
1299:
1297:
1281:
1274:
1269:
1186:Electronic Arts
1103:
1055:Origin Systems
1039:Electronic Arts
1008:
946:
912:Electronic Arts
885:
880:
874:
872:Games developed
869:
863:
650:
506:
485:Seamus Blackley
410:
304:Electronic Arts
290:
281:
215:Wayback Machine
189:120 (1999)
186:
172:
165:
161:
135:
133:
130:
121:
95:
89:
87:
84:
55:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2437:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2416:
2411:
2406:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2364:
2363:
2361:
2360:
2353:
2348:
2342:
2340:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2325:
2324:
2323:
2313:Deadly Shadows
2309:
2302:
2294:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2278:
2277:
2270:
2263:
2255:
2246:
2245:
2243:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2230:Origin Systems
2227:
2222:
2217:
2212:
2207:
2198:
2196:
2192:
2191:
2189:
2188:
2183:
2181:Warren Spector
2178:
2173:
2168:
2163:
2158:
2153:
2148:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2122:
2120:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2108:
2101:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2086:
2084:
2083:
2076:
2068:
2061:
2054:
2047:
2039:
2033:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2018:
2011:
2003:
2001:
1995:
1994:
1992:
1991:
1984:
1976:
1974:
1966:
1965:
1963:
1962:
1961:(co-developed)
1958:System Shock 2
1954:
1946:
1944:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1934:
1927:
1919:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1894:
1893:
1886:
1879:
1871:
1863:
1862:
1830:
1802:
1774:
1746:
1714:
1685:
1670:
1658:gambit.mit.edu
1644:
1639:Game Developer
1629:
1622:. No. 4.
1605:
1588:
1568:
1551:
1534:
1508:
1480:
1455:
1438:
1431:
1408:
1386:
1367:
1350:
1347:. pp. D1.
1335:
1307:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1255:
1250:
1243:
1239:
1238:
1236:
1233:
1226:
1222:
1221:
1219:
1214:
1206:
1205:
1203:
1195:
1194:
1188:
1183:
1180:System Shock 2
1175:
1174:
1168:
1163:
1156:
1152:
1151:
1149:
1142:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1130:
1123:
1119:
1118:
1115:
1112:
1109:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1088:
1084:
1083:
1076:
1072:
1071:
1068:
1061:
1057:
1056:
1053:
1046:
1042:
1041:
1035:Origin Systems
1032:
1025:
1021:
1020:
1017:
1014:
1007:
1004:
1001:
1000:
994:
989:
981:
980:
978:
976:Origin Systems
973:
966:
962:
961:
958:
955:
952:
945:
942:
939:
938:
935:Car and Driver
931:
927:
926:
919:
915:
914:
909:
902:
898:
897:
894:
891:
884:
881:
876:Main article:
873:
870:
865:Main article:
862:
859:
841:Eidos-Montréal
713:Wolfenstein 3D
649:
646:
602:System Shock 2
555:Warren Spector
537:System Shock 2
505:
502:
428:title for the
409:
406:
376:Warren Spector
364:texture mapped
359:Dungeon Master
335:Wing Commander
308:Origin Systems
289:
282:
280:
277:
219:
218:
211:www.lglass.com
208:
204:
203:
197:
191:
190:
187:
184:
181:
180:
175:Paul Neurath (
173:
170:
167:
166:
163:
157:
155:
151:
150:
145:
141:
140:
127:
123:
122:
120:
119:
114:
108:
106:
102:
101:
81:
77:
76:
71:
67:
66:
61:
57:
56:
54:
53:
50:
46:
44:
40:
39:
15:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2436:
2425:
2422:
2420:
2417:
2415:
2412:
2410:
2407:
2405:
2402:
2400:
2397:
2395:
2392:
2390:
2387:
2385:
2382:
2380:
2377:
2376:
2374:
2359:
2358:
2354:
2352:
2349:
2347:
2344:
2343:
2341:
2337:
2331:
2330:
2326:
2321:
2317:
2316:
2315:
2314:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2303:
2301:
2300:
2296:
2295:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2284:
2276:
2271:
2269:
2264:
2262:
2257:
2256:
2253:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2215:Immersive sim
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2197:
2193:
2187:
2184:
2182:
2179:
2177:
2176:Terri Brosius
2174:
2172:
2169:
2167:
2164:
2162:
2159:
2157:
2154:
2152:
2149:
2147:
2144:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2127:
2124:
2123:
2121:
2117:
2107:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2074:
2073:
2069:
2067:
2066:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2048:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2034:
2030:
2024:
2023:
2019:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2005:
2004:
2002:
2000:
1996:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1982:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1973:
1972:
1967:
1960:
1959:
1955:
1953:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1928:
1926:
1925:
1921:
1920:
1918:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1907:List of games
1903:
1899:
1892:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1851:
1847:
1846:
1841:
1834:
1819:
1818:
1813:
1806:
1791:
1790:
1785:
1778:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1750:
1735:
1731:
1730:
1725:
1718:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1690:
1681:
1674:
1659:
1655:
1648:
1640:
1633:
1625:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1599:Boston Herald
1592:
1584:
1583:
1575:
1573:
1564:
1563:
1555:
1547:
1546:
1538:
1523:
1519:
1512:
1504:
1500:
1499:
1494:
1487:
1485:
1469:
1465:
1459:
1451:
1450:
1442:
1434:
1428:
1424:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1397:
1390:
1382:
1378:
1371:
1363:
1362:
1354:
1346:
1339:
1331:
1327:
1326:
1318:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1296:
1292:
1291:
1286:
1279:
1277:
1272:
1260:
1256:
1254:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1244:
1241:
1240:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1224:
1223:
1220:
1218:
1215:
1213:
1212:
1208:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1201:
1197:
1196:
1193:
1189:
1187:
1182:
1181:
1177:
1176:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1161:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1148:
1147:
1143:
1140:
1139:
1136:
1134:
1129:
1128:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1110:
1107:
1106:
1094:
1093:
1089:
1086:
1085:
1082:
1081:
1077:
1074:
1073:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1030:
1026:
1023:
1022:
1018:
1015:
1012:
1011:
998:
995:
993:
990:
988:
987:
983:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
971:
967:
963:
959:
956:
953:
950:
949:
937:
936:
932:
929:
928:
925:
924:
920:
917:
916:
913:
908:
907:
903:
900:
899:
895:
892:
889:
888:
879:
868:
858:
856:
855:
850:
846:
842:
838:
837:
832:
831:
826:
821:
819:
815:
814:
809:
805:
801:
797:
796:
791:
787:
782:
780:
779:
774:
773:
768:
764:
763:
758:
754:
750:
746:
745:
740:
736:
735:PlayStation 4
732:
731:PlayStation 3
728:
723:
721:
720:
715:
714:
709:
708:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
685:
684:
679:
678:
673:
672:
667:
666:immersive sim
663:
659:
655:
645:
643:
642:
637:
633:
632:Flight Combat
629:
625:
621:
617:
611:
609:
608:
603:
599:
595:
594:
588:
586:
585:
580:
579:Tamiya Racing
576:
575:
570:
566:
565:
560:
556:
552:
551:
545:
543:
539:
538:
533:
529:
523:
521:
517:
516:
511:
501:
498:
494:
493:
488:
486:
482:
481:
476:
471:
469:
465:
461:
460:
454:
452:
448:
447:
441:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:
421:
420:
415:
405:
403:
399:
395:
391:
389:
384:
379:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
360:
355:
350:
348:
344:
339:
337:
336:
331:
327:
326:
321:
317:
313:
312:New Hampshire
309:
305:
301:
300:
295:
287:
276:
274:
273:
268:
267:
262:
261:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
216:
212:
209:
205:
201:
198:
196:
192:
188:
182:
178:
174:
168:
160:
156:
152:
149:
146:
142:
128:
124:
118:
115:
113:
110:
109:
107:
103:
98:
82:
78:
75:
72:
68:
65:
62:
58:
51:
48:
47:
45:
41:
37:
32:
26:
22:
2357:The Dark Mod
2355:
2327:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2281:
2202:
2186:Josh Randall
2161:Paul Neurath
2156:Marc LeBlanc
2141:Eric Brosius
2103:
2097:
2078:
2070:
2063:
2056:
2049:
2042:
2020:
2013:
2006:
1998:
1986:
1979:
1969:
1956:
1951:System Shock
1949:
1942:System Shock
1941:
1929:
1922:
1914:
1897:
1853:. Retrieved
1843:
1833:
1821:. Retrieved
1817:Ars Technica
1815:
1805:
1793:. Retrieved
1787:
1777:
1765:. Retrieved
1759:
1749:
1737:. Retrieved
1727:
1717:
1705:. Retrieved
1701:
1679:
1673:
1661:. Retrieved
1657:
1647:
1638:
1632:
1617:
1608:
1597:
1591:
1580:
1560:
1554:
1543:
1537:
1525:. Retrieved
1521:
1511:
1503:the original
1496:
1473:February 15,
1471:. Retrieved
1467:
1458:
1447:
1441:
1422:
1399:. Retrieved
1389:
1380:
1370:
1359:
1353:
1344:
1338:
1323:
1298:. Retrieved
1288:
1245:
1228:
1209:
1198:
1178:
1158:
1144:
1125:
1090:
1078:
1063:
1050:System Shock
1048:
1027:
997:Sega Genesis
984:
968:
933:
921:
904:
854:System Shock
852:
849:System Shock
848:
834:
828:
824:
822:
811:
807:
793:
789:
783:
781:franchises.
776:
770:
760:
748:
742:
724:
717:
711:
707:Catacomb 3-D
705:
702:John Carmack
697:
689:
688:
681:
675:
669:
661:
658:System Shock
657:
653:
651:
639:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
612:
605:
601:
597:
591:
589:
582:
578:
572:
562:
548:
546:
541:
535:
527:
524:
520:Intermetrics
513:
509:
507:
490:
489:
478:
472:
468:System Shock
467:
459:System Shock
457:
455:
450:
444:
442:
430:Sega Genesis
423:
417:
413:
411:
397:
393:
387:
382:
380:
357:
354:first-person
351:
342:
340:
333:
329:
323:
319:
315:
297:
291:
285:
270:
266:System Shock
264:
258:
256:
252:Intermetrics
244:Paul Neurath
231:
227:
223:
222:
179:; 1990–2000)
154:Headquarters
112:Paul Neurath
60:Company type
25:
2351:Dark Engine
2210:Dark Engine
2166:Randy Smith
2131:Doug Church
2075:(cancelled)
2072:Mini Racers
2032:Other games
1325:Retro Gamer
1171:Nintendo 64
867:Dark Engine
827:franchise.
818:Kickstarter
772:Guitar Hero
762:Half-Life 2
716:(1992) and
698:Space Rogue
694:John Romero
584:Mini Racers
569:Nintendo 64
343:Space Rogue
330:Space Rogue
325:Space Rogue
318:(1986) and
288:(1990–1992)
202:(1997–1999)
74:Video games
2373:Categories
2151:Ken Levine
2146:Ned Lerner
1850:Ziff Davis
1734:Ziff Davis
1267:References
1114:Publisher
1019:Publisher
957:Publisher
896:Publisher
861:Technology
744:Trespasser
683:Dishonored
630:spin-off,
616:Deep Cover
542:Deep Cover
510:Terra Nova
497:multimedia
383:Underworld
248:Ned Lerner
226:(formerly
171:Key people
136:2000-05-24
117:Ned Lerner
1789:Shacknews
1761:Gamasutra
1663:March 16,
1527:March 16,
1401:March 16,
1295:Vox Media
992:EA Sports
778:Rock Band
722:(1993).
620:Thief III
559:Ion Storm
238:based in
177:president
148:Dissolved
2203:BioShock
1988:Thief II
1641:: 52–59.
1230:Thief II
1166:Nintendo
999:version
767:Harmonix
624:Thief II
567:for the
275:series.
200:AverStar
105:Founders
70:Industry
43:Formerly
2346:Garrett
2339:Related
2058:Voyager
1855:July 8,
1823:July 8,
1795:July 8,
1767:July 8,
1739:July 8,
1707:July 8,
1498:GameSpy
1300:July 8,
1290:Polygon
677:Deus Ex
279:History
213:at the
207:Website
134: (
126:Defunct
88: (
80:Founded
64:Private
2240:SHODAN
2205:series
2119:People
1429:
1117:Notes
1111:Title
1016:Title
960:Notes
954:Title
893:Title
757:Source
680:, and
660:, and
648:Legacy
425:Madden
390:series
388:Ultima
195:Parent
99:, U.S.
2329:Thief
2291:Games
2283:Thief
1971:Thief
1242:2002
1225:2000
1173:port
1155:1999
1141:1998
1122:1997
1108:Year
1087:1997
1075:1996
1060:1995
1045:1994
1024:1993
1013:Year
965:1992
951:Year
930:1992
918:1991
901:1987
890:Year
836:Thief
825:Thief
800:Zynga
662:Thief
598:Thief
464:Tribe
320:Omega
272:Thief
246:with
1857:2019
1825:2019
1797:2019
1769:2019
1741:2019
1709:2019
1702:TTLG
1665:2024
1529:2024
1475:2020
1468:TTLG
1427:ISBN
1403:2024
1381:TTLG
1302:2019
775:and
733:and
727:Sony
719:Doom
604:and
581:and
512:and
374:and
316:Ogre
269:and
230:and
164:U.S.
144:Fate
90:1990
83:1990
1845:IGN
1729:IGN
1217:THQ
94:in
2375::
1848:.
1842:.
1814:.
1786:.
1758:.
1732:.
1726:.
1700:.
1688:^
1656:.
1616:.
1571:^
1520:.
1495:.
1483:^
1466:.
1411:^
1379:.
1310:^
1293:.
1287:.
1275:^
820:.
810:,
674:,
656:,
587:.
571:,
404:.
263:,
162:,
2322:"
2318:"
2274:e
2267:t
2260:v
1890:e
1883:t
1876:v
1859:.
1827:.
1799:.
1771:.
1743:.
1711:.
1667:.
1531:.
1477:.
1435:.
1405:.
1383:.
1304:.
1037:/
138:)
92:)
23:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
